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Xu H, Zhang H, Qin C, Li X, Xu D, Zhao Y. Groundwater Cr(VI) contamination and remediation: A review from 1999 to 2022. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142395. [PMID: 38797207 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination of groundwater has traditionally been an environmental issue of great concern due to its bioaccumulative and highly toxic nature. This paper presents a review and bibliometric analysis of the literature on the interest area "Cr(VI) in groundwater" published in the Web of Science Core Collection from 1999 to 2022. First, information on 203 actual Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater sites around the world was summarized, and the basic characteristics of the sources and concentrations of contamination were derived. 68.95% of the sites were due to human causes and 56.43% of these sites had Cr(VI) concentrations in the range of 0-10 mg/L. At groundwater sites with high Cr(VI) contamination due to natural causes, 75.00% of the sites had Cr(VI) concentrations less than 0.2 mg/L. A total of 936 papers on "Cr(VI) in groundwater" were retrieved for bibliometric analysis: interest in research on Cr(VI) in groundwater has grown rapidly in recent years; 59.4% of the papers were published in the field of environmental sciences. A systematic review of the progress of studies on the Cr(VI) removal/remediation based on reduction, adsorption and biological processes is presented. Out of 666 papers on Cr(VI) removal/remediation, 512, 274, and 75 papers dealt with the topics of reduction, adsorption, and bioremediation, respectively. In addition, several studies have demonstrated the potential applicability of natural attenuation in the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater. This paper will help researchers to understand and investigate methodological strategies to remove Cr(VI) from groundwater in a more targeted and effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chuanyu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Jing Q, Ma Y, He J, Ren Z. Highly Stable, Mechanically Enhanced, and Easy-to-Collect Sodium Alginate/NZVI-rGO Gel Beads for Efficient Removal of Cr(VI). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3764. [PMID: 37765618 PMCID: PMC10534353 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) is a material that is extensively applied for water pollution treatment, but its poor dispersibility, easy oxidation, and inconvenient collection limit its application. To overcome these drawbacks and limit secondary contamination of nanomaterials, we confine NZVI supported by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in the scaffold of sodium alginate (SA) gel beads (SA/NZVI-rGO). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the NZVI was uniformly dispersed in the gel beads. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the hydrogen bonding and conjugation between SA and rGO allowed the NZVI-rGO to be successfully embedded in SA. Furthermore, the mechanical strength, swelling resistance, and Cr(VI) removal capacity of SA/NZVI-rGO were enhanced by optimizing the ratio of NZVI and rGO. Interestingly, cation exchange may drive Cr(VI) removal above 82% over a wide pH range. In the complex environment of actual Cr(VI) wastewater, Cr(VI) removal efficiency still reached 70.25%. Pseudo-first-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm are preferred to explain the removal process. The mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by SA/NZVI-rGO is dominated by reduction and adsorption. The sustainable removal of Cr(VI) by packed columns could be well fitted by the Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and Yoon-Nelson models, and importantly, the gel beads maintained integrity during the prolonged removal. These results will contribute significant insights into the practical application of SA/NZVI-rGO beads for the Cr(VI) removal in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jing
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Y.M.); (J.H.); (Z.R.)
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Liu X, Zhang S, Zhang X, Guo H, Lou Z, Zhang W, Chen Z. Cr(VI) immobilization in soil using lignin hydrogel supported nZVI: Immobilization mechanisms and long-term simulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135393. [PMID: 35724719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel nanocomposite, named as nZVI@LH, was prepared by nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) supported on lignin hydrogel and was used in the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil collected from an industrial site. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) results determined that nZVI nanoparticles disperse uniformly on hydrogel. After the 14 days remediation, the immobilization efficiency of Cr(VI) could reach over 87% in the treatment of 3% (w/w%) nZVI@LH and 26% in the treatment of bare-nZVI. Leaching experiment results showed that the treatment group with 3% (w/w%) nZVI@LH was up to the national leaching toxicity identification standard, and there was no threat in simulation of acid rain over the long term. The water-soluble (WS) fraction in 3# nZVI@LH treatment decreased 31.1%, while the Fe-Mn oxide bound (OX) fraction and organic matter-bound (OM) fraction increased 10.9% and 13.4%, respectively. Moreover, nZVI@LH had limited impact on soil properties and the capability to immobilize Cr over a long period exposure to acid rain. This work prove that nZVI@LH has the potential to remediate Cr contaminated soil. Furthermore, details of possible mechanistic insight into the Cr remediation were carefully discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shenyu Zhang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Hao Guo
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhiqun Chen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Chigondo M, Nyamunda B, Maposa M, Chigondo F. Polypyrrole-based adsorbents for Cr(VI) ions remediation from aqueous solution: a review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1600-1619. [PMID: 35290234 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are principally responsible for the manifestation of toxic and carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) triggering water pollution that threatens the environment and human health. The World Health Organisation (WHO) restricts Cr(VI) ion concentration to 0.1 and 0.05 mg/L in inland surface water and drinking water, respectively. The available technologies for Cr(VI) ion removal from water were highlighted with an emphasis on the adsorption technology. Furthermore, the characteristics of several polypyrrole-based adsorbents were scrutinized including amino-containing compounds, biosorbents, graphene/graphene oxide, clay materials and many other additives with reported effective Cr(VI) ion uptake. This efficiency in Cr(VI) ions adsorption is attributed to enhanced redox properties, increased number of functional groups as well as the synergistic behaviour of the materials making up the composites. The Langmuir isotherm best described the adsorption processes with maximum adsorption capacities ranging from 3.40-961.50 mg/g. The regeneration of Cr(VI) ion-laden adsorbents was studied. Ion exchange, electrostatic attractions, complexation, chelation reactions with protonated sites and reduction were the mechanisms of adsorption. Nevertheless, there are limited details on comprehensive adsorbent regeneration studies to prolong robustness in adsorption-desorption cycles and utilization of the Cr(VI) ion-laden adsorbent in other areas of research to limit the threat of secondary pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Chigondo
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering, Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, Fern Hill Campus, P. Bag 7001, Mutare, Zimbabwe E-mail: ,
| | - Benias Nyamunda
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering, Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, Fern Hill Campus, P. Bag 7001, Mutare, Zimbabwe E-mail: ,
| | - Munashe Maposa
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering, Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, Fern Hill Campus, P. Bag 7001, Mutare, Zimbabwe E-mail: ,
| | - Fidelis Chigondo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe
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