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Singh R, Bhardwaj VK, Purohit R. Computational targeting of allosteric site of MEK1 by quinoline-based molecules. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:481-490. [PMID: 35604288 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MEK1 is an attractive target due to its role in selective extracellular-signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, which plays a pivotal role in regulating cell proliferation. Another benefit of targeting the MEK protein is its unique hydrophobic pocket that can accommodate highly selective allosteric inhibitors. To date, various MEK1 inhibitors have reached clinical trials against several cancers, but they were discarded due to their severe toxicity and low efficacy. Thus, the development of allosteric inhibitors for MEK1 is the demand of the hour. In this in-silico study, molecular docking, long-term molecular dynamics (5 µs), and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area analysis were undertaken to address the potential of quinolines as allosteric inhibitors. We selected four reference MEK1 inhibitors for the comparative analysis. The drug-likeness and toxicity of these molecules were also examined based on their ADMET and Toxicity Prediction by Komputer Assisted Technology profiles. The outcome of the analysis revealed that the quinolines (4m, 4o, 4s, and 4n) exhibited better stability and binding affinity while being nontoxic compared to reference inhibitors. We have reached the conclusion that these quinoline molecules could be checked by experimental studies to validate their use as allosteric inhibitors against MEK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vijay K Bhardwaj
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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2
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Musi CA, Marchini G, Giani A, Tomaselli G, Priori EC, Colnaghi L, Borsello T. Colocalization and Interaction Study of Neuronal JNK3, JIP1, and β-Arrestin2 Together with PSD95. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084113. [PMID: 35456931 PMCID: PMC9024448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are stress-activated serine/threonine protein kinases belonging to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. Among them, JNK3 is selectively expressed in the central nervous system, cardiac smooth muscle, and testis. In addition, it is the most responsive JNK isoform to stress stimuli in the brain, and it is involved in synaptic dysfunction, an essential step in neurodegenerative processes. JNK3 pathway is organized in a cascade of amplification in which signal transduction occurs by stepwise, highly controlled phosphorylation. Since different MAPKs share common upstream activators, pathway specificity is guaranteed by scaffold proteins such as JIP1 and β-arrestin2. To better elucidate the physiological mechanisms regulating JNK3 in neurons, and how these interactions may be involved in synaptic (dys)function, we used (i) super-resolution microscopy to demonstrate the colocalization among JNK3-PSD95-JIP1 and JNK3-PSD95-β-arrestin2 in cultured hippocampal neurons, and (ii) co-immunoprecipitation techniques to show that the two scaffold proteins and JNK3 can be found interacting together with PSD95. The protein-protein interactions that govern the formation of these two complexes, JNK3-PSD95-JIP1 and JNK3-PSD95-β-arrestin2, may be used as targets to interfere with their downstream synaptic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Alice Musi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.); (G.T.); (E.C.P.)
- Mario Negri Insitute for Pharmacolgical Research–IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Giacomo Marchini
- Mario Negri Insitute for Pharmacolgical Research–IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Arianna Giani
- Mario Negri Insitute for Pharmacolgical Research–IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Giovanni Tomaselli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.); (G.T.); (E.C.P.)
- Mario Negri Insitute for Pharmacolgical Research–IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Erica Cecilia Priori
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.); (G.T.); (E.C.P.)
- Mario Negri Insitute for Pharmacolgical Research–IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Luca Colnaghi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- School of Medicine, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.); (G.T.); (E.C.P.)
- Mario Negri Insitute for Pharmacolgical Research–IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Development of 2'-aminospiro [pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline]-3'-carbonitrile derivatives as non-ATP competitive Src kinase inhibitors that suppress breast cancer cell migration and proliferation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105344. [PMID: 34598088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Src kinase activity controls diverse cellular functions, including cell growth, migration, adhesion, and survival. It is de-regulated in several cancers, including breast cancer, where it is highly expressed and phosphorylated. Thus, targeting Src by a small molecule is a feasible strategy for managing different breast cancer types. Several Src kinase inhibitors are available, including the FDA-approved drug (dasatinib). However, they are primarily ATP-competitive inhibitors that have been reported to lack specificity towards Src. We have a long-time interest in discovering protein kinase inhibitors that are non-competitive for ATP. In this project, three groups of 2'-aminospiro[pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline]-3'-carbonitrile derivatives were designed and synthesized, hypothesizing that small molecules with a spiro scaffold appended to a pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline analog could act as non-ATP competitive Src kinase inhibitors. 3b, 3c, and 3d inhibited Src kinase activity with IC50s of 4.9, 5.9, and 0.9 μM, respectively. At the same time, they did not impact the MDM2/p53 interaction in HEK293 cells, which has been reported to be affected by some spirocyclic compounds. 25 µM of 3b, 3c, or 3d did not inhibit the kinase activity of ERK2, JNK1, or p38-alpha in an in-vitro kinase assay. Steady-state kinetic studies for the effect of 3d on the ability of recombinant Src to phosphorylate its substrate (Srctide) revealed a non-ATP competitive inhibition mechanism. 1.6 µM of 3d was enough to diminish Src, Fak, and paxillin phosphorylation in the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF7. In the NCI screening, 3d induced broad tumor cytotoxicity for the NCI-60 cell lines, including all the breast cancer cell lines. The potency of 3b, 3c, and 3d to inhibit migration, proliferation, and colony formation of MDA-MB-231 and proliferation of MCF7 cells correlates with their potency to suppress Src kinase activity in the same cell line. Noticeably, the cell growth suppression and apoptosis induction in the tested cell lines can be attributed to the ability of the new derivatives to suppress the ERK and Akt survival pathways downstream of Src.
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4
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Tollefson MR, Litman JM, Qi G, O'Connell CE, Wipfler MJ, Marini RJ, Bernabe HV, Tollefson WTA, Braun TA, Casavant TL, Smith RJH, Schnieders MJ. Structural Insights into Hearing Loss Genetics from Polarizable Protein Repacking. Biophys J 2019; 117:602-612. [PMID: 31327459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is associated with ∼8100 mutations in 152 genes, and within the coding regions of these genes are over 60,000 missense variants. The majority of these variants are classified as "variants of uncertain significance" to reflect our inability to ascribe a phenotypic effect to the observed amino acid change. A promising source of pathogenicity information is biophysical simulation, although input protein structures often contain defects because of limitations in experimental data and/or only distant homology to a template. Here, we combine the polarizable atomic multipole optimized energetics for biomolecular applications force field, many-body optimization theory, and graphical processing unit acceleration to repack all deafness-associated proteins and thereby improve average structure MolProbity score from 2.2 to 1.0. We then used these optimized wild-type models to create over 60,000 structures for missense variants in the Deafness Variation Database, which are being incorporated into the Deafness Variation Database to inform deafness pathogenicity prediction. Finally, this work demonstrates that advanced polarizable atomic multipole force fields are efficient enough to repack the entire human proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory R Tollefson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Molecular Otolaryngology & Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jacob M Litman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Guowei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Claire E O'Connell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Matthew J Wipfler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert J Marini
- Molecular Otolaryngology & Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hernan V Bernabe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Molecular Otolaryngology & Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Terry A Braun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Thomas L Casavant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Richard J H Smith
- Molecular Otolaryngology & Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Michael J Schnieders
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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5
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Sammons RM, Perry NA, Li Y, Cho EJ, Piserchio A, Zamora-Olivares DP, Ghose R, Kaoud TS, Debevec G, Bartholomeusz C, Gurevich VV, Iverson TM, Giulianotti M, Houghten RA, Dalby KN. A Novel Class of Common Docking Domain Inhibitors That Prevent ERK2 Activation and Substrate Phosphorylation. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1183-1194. [PMID: 31058487 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) are mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that play a pro-tumorigenic role in numerous cancers. ERK1/2 possess two protein-docking sites that are distinct from the active site: the D-recruitment site (DRS) and the F-recruitment site. These docking sites facilitate substrate recognition, intracellular localization, signaling specificity, and protein complex assembly. Targeting these sites on ERK in a therapeutic context may overcome many problems associated with traditional ATP-competitive inhibitors. Here, we identified a new class of inhibitors that target the ERK DRS by screening a synthetic combinatorial library of more than 30 million compounds. The screen detects the competitive displacement of a fluorescent peptide from the DRS of ERK2. The top molecular scaffold from the screen was optimized for structure-activity relationship by positional scanning of different functional groups. This resulted in 10 compounds with similar binding affinities and a shared core structure consisting of a tertiary amine hub with three functionalized cyclic guanidino branches. Compound 2507-1 inhibited ERK2 from phosphorylating a DRS-targeting substrate and prevented the phosphorylation of ERK2 by a constitutively active MEK1 (MAPK/ERK kinase 1) mutant. Interaction between an analogue, 2507-8, and the ERK2 DRS was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallography. 2507-8 forms critical interactions at the common docking domain residue Asp319 via an arginine-like moiety that is shared by all 10 hits, suggesting a common binding mode. The structural and biochemical insights reported here provide the basis for developing new ERK inhibitors that are not ATP-competitive but instead function by disrupting critical protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yangmei Li
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | | | - Andrea Piserchio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | | | - Ranajeet Ghose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Tamer S. Kaoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Ginamarie Debevec
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | | | | | | | - Marc Giulianotti
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Richard A. Houghten
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
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6
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Insights into the Impact of Linker Flexibility and Fragment Ionization on the Design of CK2 Allosteric Inhibitors: Comparative Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010111. [PMID: 29301250 PMCID: PMC5796060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase is a novel therapeutic target for human diseases. The off-target and side effects of ATP-competitive inhibitors preclude them from the clinically relevant drugs. The compounds targeting the druggable allosteric sites outside the highly conversed ATP binding pocket have been identified as promising alternatives to overcome current barriers of ATP-competitive inhibitors. By simultaneously interacting with the αD region (new allosteric site) and sub-ATP binding pocket, the attractive compound CAM4066 was named as allosteric inhibitor of CK2α. It has been demonstrated that the rigid linker and non-ionizable substituted fragment resulted in significant decreased inhibitory activities of compounds. The molecular dynamics simulations and energy analysis revealed that the appropriate coupling between the linker and pharmacophore fragments were essential for binding of CAM4066 with CK2α. The lower flexible linker of compound 21 lost the capability of coupling fragments A and B to αD region and positive area, respectively, whereas the methyl benzoate of fragment B induced the re-orientated Pre-CAM4066 with the inappropriate polar interactions. Most importantly, the match between the optimized linker and pharmacophore fragments is the challenging work of fragment-linking based drug design. These results provide rational clues to further structural modification and development of highly potent allosteric inhibitors of CK2.
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7
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Astolfi A, Manfroni G, Cecchetti V, Barreca ML. A Comprehensive Structural Overview of p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Complex with ATP-Site and Non-ATP-Site Binders. ChemMedChem 2017; 13:7-14. [PMID: 29210532 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein we review all the currently available ATP-site and non-ATP-site ligands bound to p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) available in the RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB). The co-crystallized inhibitors have been classified into different families according to their experimental binding mode and chemical structure, and the ligand-protein interactions are discussed using the most representative compounds. This systematic structural analysis could provide some take-home lessons for drug discovery programs aimed at the rational identification and optimization of new p38α MAPK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Astolfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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8
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Zou F, Yang Y, Ma T, Xi J, Zhou J, Zha X. Identification of novel MEK1 inhibitors by pharmacophore and docking based virtual screening. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Yurtsever Z, Patel DA, Kober DL, Su A, Miller CA, Romero AG, Holtzman MJ, Brett TJ. First comprehensive structural and biophysical analysis of MAPK13 inhibitors targeting DFG-in and DFG-out binding modes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2335-2344. [PMID: 27369736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P38 MAP kinases are centrally involved in mediating extracellular signaling in various diseases. While much attention has previously been focused on the ubiquitously expressed family member MAPK14 (p38α), recent studies indicate that family members such as MAPK13 (p38δ) display a more selective cellular and tissue expression and might therefore represent a specific kinase to target in certain diseases. METHODS To facilitate the design of potent and specific inhibitors, we present here the structural, biophysical, and functional characterization of two new MAPK13-inhibitor complexes, as well as the first comprehensive structural, biophysical, and functional analysis of MAPK13 complexes with four different inhibitor compounds of greatly varying potency. RESULTS These inhibitors display IC50 values either in the nanomolar range or micromolar range (>800-fold range). The nanomolar inhibitors exhibit much longer ligand-enzyme complex half-lives compared to the micromolar inhibitors as measured by biolayer interferometry. Crystal structures of the MAPK13 inhibitor complexes reveal that the nanomolar inhibitors engage MAPK13 in the DFG-out binding mode, while the micromolar inhibitors are in the DFG-in mode. Detailed structural and computational docking analyses suggest that this difference in binding mode engagement is driven by conformational restraints imposed by the chemical structure of the inhibitors, and may be fortified by an additional hydrogen bond to MAPK13 in the nanomolar inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide a structural basis for understanding the differences in potency exhibited by these inhibitors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE They also provide the groundwork for future studies to improve specificity, potency, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Yurtsever
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Biochemistry Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Dhara A Patel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Daniel L Kober
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Microbiology Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Alvin Su
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Chantel A Miller
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Arthur G Romero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Tom J Brett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
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Shi Y, Ren P, Schnieders M, Piquemal JP. Polarizable Force Fields for Biomolecular Modeling. REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118889886.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Sabatini S, Manfroni G, Barreca ML, Bauer SM, Gargaro M, Cannalire R, Astolfi A, Brea J, Vacca C, Pirro M, Massari S, Tabarrini O, Loza MI, Fallarino F, Laufer SA, Cecchetti V. The Pyrazolobenzothiazine Core as a New Chemotype of p38 Alpha Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:531-45. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Silke M. Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy; Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine; University of Perugia; Piazzale Gambuli 06100 Perugia Italy
| | - Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Andrea Astolfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Jose Brea
- CIMUS Research Center; University of Santiago de Compostela; Avda de Barcelona s/n, Planta 3. Despacho 1 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine; University of Perugia; Piazzale Gambuli 06100 Perugia Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine; University of Perugia; Piazzale Gambuli 06100 Perugia Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Maria Isabel Loza
- CIMUS Research Center; University of Santiago de Compostela; Avda de Barcelona s/n, Planta 3. Despacho 1 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine; University of Perugia; Piazzale Gambuli 06100 Perugia Italy
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy; Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
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12
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Breen ME, Soellner MB. Small molecule substrate phosphorylation site inhibitors of protein kinases: approaches and challenges. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:175-89. [PMID: 25494294 PMCID: PMC4301090 DOI: 10.1021/cb5008376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Protein kinases are
important mediators of cellular communication
and attractive drug targets for many diseases. Although success has
been achieved with developing ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors, the
disadvantages of ATP-competitive inhibitors have led to increased
interest in targeting sites outside of the ATP binding pocket. Kinase
inhibitors with substrate-competitive, ATP-noncompetitive binding
modes are promising due to the possibility of increased selectivity
and better agreement between biochemical and in vitro potency. However, the difficulty of identifying these types of inhibitors
has resulted in significantly fewer small molecule substrate phosphorylation
site inhibitors being reported compared to ATP-competitive inhibitors.
This review surveys reported substrate phosphorylation site inhibitors
and methods that can be applied to the discovery of such inhibitors,
including a discussion of the challenges inherent to these screening
methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E. Breen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew B. Soellner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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13
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Wang Q, Park J, Devkota AK, Cho EJ, Dalby KN, Ren P. Identification and validation of novel PERK inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:1467-75. [PMID: 24745945 PMCID: PMC4038368 DOI: 10.1021/ci500114r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PERK, as one of the principle unfolded protein response signal transducers, is believed to be associated with many human diseases, such as cancer and type-II diabetes. There has been increasing effort to discover potent PERK inhibitors due to its potential therapeutic interest. In this study, a computer-based virtual screening approach is employed to discover novel PERK inhibitors, followed by experimental validation. Using a focused library, we show that a consensus approach, combining pharmacophore modeling and docking, can be more cost-effective than using either approach alone. It is also demonstrated that the conformational flexibility near the active site is an important consideration in structure-based docking and can be addressed by using molecular dynamics. The consensus approach has further been applied to screen the ZINC lead-like database, resulting in the identification of 10 active compounds, two of which show IC50 values that are less than 10 μM in a dose-response assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiantao Wang
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jihyun Park
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ashwini K. Devkota
- Texas
Screening Alliance for Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eun Jeong Cho
- Texas
Screening Alliance for Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kevin N. Dalby
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas
Screening Alliance for Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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14
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Dollery CT. Lost in Translation (LiT): IUPHAR Review 6. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2269-90. [PMID: 24428732 PMCID: PMC3997269 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational medicine is a roller coaster with occasional brilliant successes and a large majority of failures. Lost in Translation 1 ('LiT1'), beginning in the 1950s, was a golden era built upon earlier advances in experimental physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology, with a dash of serendipity, that led to the discovery of many new drugs for serious illnesses. LiT2 saw the large-scale industrialization of drug discovery using high-throughput screens and assays based on affinity for the target molecule. The links between drug development and university sciences and medicine weakened, but there were still some brilliant successes. In LiT3, the coverage of translational medicine expanded from molecular biology to drug budgets, with much greater emphasis on safety and official regulation. Compared with R&D expenditure, the number of breakthrough discoveries in LiT3 was disappointing, but monoclonal antibodies for immunity and inflammation brought in a new golden era and kinase inhibitors such as imatinib were breakthroughs in cancer. The pharmaceutical industry is trying to revive the LiT1 approach by using phenotypic assays and closer links with academia. LiT4 faces a data explosion generated by the genome project, GWAS, ENCODE and the 'omics' that is in danger of leaving LiT4 in a computerized cloud. Industrial laboratories are filled with masses of automated machinery while the scientists sit in a separate room viewing the results on their computers. Big Data will need Big Thinking in LiT4 but with so many unmet medical needs and so many new opportunities being revealed there are high hopes that the roller coaster will ride high again.
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15
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Ngoei KRW, Ng DCH, Gooley PR, Fairlie DP, Stoermer MJ, Bogoyevitch MA. Identification and characterization of bi-thiazole-2,2'-diamines as kinase inhibitory scaffolds. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1077-88. [PMID: 23410953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Based on bioinformatics interrogation of the genome, >500 mammalian protein kinases can be clustered within seven different groups. Of these kinases, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family forms part of the CMGC group of serine/threonine kinases that includes extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs), cJun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and p38 MAPKs. With the JNKs considered attractive targets in the treatment of pathologies including diabetes and stroke, efforts have been directed to the discovery of new JNK inhibitory molecules that can be further developed as new therapeutics. Capitalizing on our biochemical understanding of JNK, we performed in silico screens of commercially available chemical databases to identify JNK1-interacting compounds and tested their in vitro JNK inhibitory activity. With in vitro and cell culture studies, we showed that the compound, 4'-methyl-N(2)-3-pyridinyl-4,5'-bi-1,3-thiazole-2,2'-diamine (JNK Docking (JD) compound 123, but not the related compound (4'-methyl-N~2~-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-4,5'-bi-1,3-thiazole-2,2'-diamine (JD124), inhibited JNK1 activity towards a range of substrates. Molecular docking, saturation transfer difference NMR experiments and enzyme kinetic analyses revealed both ATP- and substrate-competitive inhibition of JNK by JD123. In characterizing JD123 further, we noted its ATP-competitive inhibition of the related p38-γ MAPK, but not ERK1, ERK2, or p38-α, p38-β or p38-δ. Further screening of a broad panel of kinases using 10μM JD123, identified inhibition of kinases including protein kinase Bβ (PKBβ/Aktβ). Appropriately modified thiazole diamines, as typified by JD123, thus provide a new chemical scaffold for development of inhibitors for the JNK and p38-γ MAPKs as well as other kinases that are also potential therapeutic targets such as PKBβ/Aktβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R W Ngoei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Abstract
This review will highlight the most commonly used methods to discover small molecule Type III/IV kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Krim Gavrin
- Pfizer Research
- Rare Disease Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- BioTherapeutics Chemistry
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Eddine Saiah
- Pfizer Research
- Rare Disease Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- BioTherapeutics Chemistry
- Cambridge
- USA
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17
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Kaoud TS, Park H, Mitra S, Yan C, Tseng CC, Shi Y, Jose J, Taliaferro JM, Lee K, Ren P, Hong J, Dalby KN. Manipulating JNK signaling with (--)-zuonin A. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1873-83. [PMID: 22916726 DOI: 10.1021/cb300261e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, in a virtual screening strategy to identify new compounds targeting the D-recruitment site (DRS) of the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), we identified the natural product (-)-zuonin A. Here we report the asymmetric synthesis of (-)-zuonin A and its enantiomer (+)-zuonin A. A kinetic analysis for the inhibition of c-Jun phosphorylation by (-)-zuonin A revealed a mechanism of partial competitive inhibition. Its binding is proposed to weaken the interaction of c-Jun to JNK by approximately 5-fold, without affecting the efficiency of phosphorylation within the complex. (-)-Zuonin A inhibits the ability of both MKK4 and MKK7 to phosphorylate and activate JNK. The binding site of (-)-zuonin A is predicted by docking and molecular dynamics simulation to be located in the DRS of JNK. (+)-Zuonin A also binds JNK but barely impedes the binding of c-Jun. (-)-Zuonin A inhibits the activation of JNK, as well as the phosphorylation of c-Jun in anisomycin-treated HEK293 cells, with the inhibition of JNK activation being more pronounced. (-)-Zuonin A also inhibits events associated with constitutive JNK2 activity, including c-Jun phosphorylation, basal Akt activation, and MDA-MB-231 cell migration. Mutations in the predicted binding site for (-)-zuonin A can render it significantly more or less sensitive to inhibition than wild type JNK2, allowing for the design of potential chemical genetic experiments. These studies suggest that the biological activity reported for other lignans, such as saucerneol F and zuonin B, may be the result of their ability to impede protein-protein interactions within MAPK cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heekwang Park
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United
States
| | - Shreya Mitra
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United
States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kiyoun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United
States
| | | | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United
States
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18
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Kaoud TS, Yan C, Mitra S, Tseng CC, Jose J, Taliaferro JM, Tuohetahuntila M, Devkota A, Sammons R, Park J, Park H, Shi Y, Hong J, Ren P, Dalby KN. From in Silico Discovery to intra-Cellular Activity: Targeting JNK-Protein Interactions with Small Molecules. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:721-725. [PMID: 23002419 DOI: 10.1021/ml300129b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The JNK-JIP1 interaction represents an attractive target for the selective inhibition of JNK-mediated signaling. We report a virtual screening (VS) workflow, based on a combination of three-dimensional shape and electrostatic similarity to discover novel scaffolds for the development of non-ATP competitive inhibitors of JNK targeting the JNK-JIP interaction. Of 352 (0.13%) compounds selected from the NCI diversity set more than 22% registered as hits in a biochemical kinase assay. Several compounds discovered to inhibit JNK activity under standard kinase assay conditions also impeded JNK activity in HEK293 cells. These studies led to the discovery that the lignan (-)-zuonin A inhibits JNK-protein interactions with a selectivity of 100-fold over ERK2 and p38 MAPKα. These results demonstrate the utility of a virtual screening protocol to identify novel scaffolds for highly selective, cell-permeable inhibitors of JNK-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shreya Mitra
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030,
United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heekwang Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina 27708, United
States
| | | | - Jiyong Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina 27708, United
States
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19
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Lee S, Warthaka M, Yan C, Kaoud TS, Ren P, Dalby KN. Examining docking interactions on ERK2 with modular peptide substrates. Biochemistry 2011; 50:9500-10. [PMID: 21955038 DOI: 10.1021/bi201103b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ERK2 primarily recognizes substrates through two recruitment sites, which lie outside the active site cleft of the kinase. These recruitment sites bind modular-docking sequences called docking sites and are potentially attractive sites for the development of non-ATP competitive inhibitors. The D-recruitment site (DRS) and the F-recruitment site (FRS) bind D-sites and F-sites, respectively. For example, peptides that target the FRS have been proposed to inhibit all ERK2 activity (Galanis, A., Yang, S. H., and Sharrocks, A. D. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 965-973); however, it has not been established whether this inhibition is steric or allosteric in origin. To facilitate inhibitor design and to examine potential coupling of recruitment sites to other ligand recognition sites within ERK2, energetic coupling within ERK2 was investigated using two new modular peptide substrates for ERK2. Modeling shows that one peptide (Sub-D) recognizes the DRS, while the other peptide (Sub-F) binds the FRS. A steady-state kinetic analysis reveals little evidence of thermodynamic linkage between the peptide substrate and ATP. Both peptides are phosphorylated through a random-order sequential mechanism with a k(cat)/K(m) comparable to Ets-1, a bona fide ERK2 substrate. Occupancy of the FRS with a peptide containing a modular docking sequence has no effect on the intrinsic ability of ERK2 to phosphorylate Sub-D. Occupancy of the DRS with a peptide containing a modular docking sequence has a slight effect (1.3 ± 0.1-fold increase in k(cat)) on the intrinsic ability of ERK2 to phosphorylate Sub-F. These data suggest that while docking interactions at the DRS and the FRS are energetically uncoupled, the DRS can exhibit weak communication to the active site. In addition, they suggest that peptides bound to the FRS inhibit the phosphorylation of protein substrates through a steric mechanism. The modeling and kinetic data suggest that the recruitment of ERK2 to cellular locations via its DRS may facilitate the formation of F-site selective ERK2 signaling complexes, while recruitment via the FRS will likely inhibit ERK2 through a steric mechanism of inhibition. Such recruitment may serve as an additional level of ERK2 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunbae Lee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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