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Easter M, Hirsch MJ, Harris E, Howze PH, Matthews EL, Jones LI, Bollenbecker S, Vang S, Tyrrell DJ, Sanders YY, Birket SE, Barnes JW, Krick S. FGF receptors mediate cellular senescence in the cystic fibrosis airway epithelium. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e174888. [PMID: 38916962 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of adults living with cystic fibrosis (CF) has already increased significantly because of drastic improvements in life expectancy attributable to advances in treatment, including the development of highly effective modulator therapy. Chronic airway inflammation in CF contributes to morbidity and mortality, and aging processes like inflammaging and cell senescence influence CF pathology. Our results show that single-cell RNA sequencing data, human primary bronchial epithelial cells from non-CF and CF donors, a CF bronchial epithelial cell line, and Cftr-knockout (Cftr-/-) rats all demonstrated increased cell senescence markers in the CF bronchial epithelium. This was associated with upregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38. Inhibition of FGFRs, specifically FGFR4 and to some extent FGFR1, attenuated cell senescence and improved mucociliary clearance, which was associated with MAPK p38 signaling. Mucociliary dysfunction could also be improved using a combination of senolytics in a CF ex vivo model. In summary, FGFR/MAPK p38 signaling contributes to cell senescence in CF airways, which is associated with impaired mucociliary clearance. Therefore, attenuation of cell senescence in the CF airways might be a future therapeutic strategy improving mucociliary dysfunction and lung disease in an aging population with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Easter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Meghan June Hirsch
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Elex Harris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, and
| | - Patrick Henry Howze
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Emma Lea Matthews
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Luke I Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Seth Bollenbecker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Shia Vang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Daniel J Tyrrell
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yan Y Sanders
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Susan E Birket
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, and
| | - Jarrod W Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, and
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2
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Segireddy RR, Belda H, Yang ASP, Dundas K, Knoeckel J, Galaway F, Wood L, Quinkert D, Knuepfer E, Treeck M, Wright GJ, Douglas AD. A screen for Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface protein binding to human hepatocyte surface receptors identifies novel host-pathogen interactions. Malar J 2024; 23:151. [PMID: 38755636 PMCID: PMC11098746 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes is an essential step in the Plasmodium life-cycle and has similarities, at the cellular level, to merozoite invasion of erythrocytes. In the case of the Plasmodium blood-stage, efforts to identify host-pathogen protein-protein interactions have yielded important insights including vaccine candidates. In the case of sporozoite-hepatocyte invasion, the host-pathogen protein-protein interactions involved are poorly understood. METHODS To gain a better understanding of the protein-protein interaction between the sporozoite ligands and host receptors, a systematic screen was performed. The previous Plasmodium falciparum and human surface protein ectodomain libraries were substantially extended, resulting in the creation of new libraries comprising 88 P. falciparum sporozoite protein coding sequences and 182 sequences encoding human hepatocyte surface proteins. Having expressed recombinant proteins from these sequences, a plate-based assay was used, capable of detecting low affinity interactions between recombinant proteins, modified for enhanced throughput, to screen the proteins for interactions. The novel interactions identified in the screen were characterized biochemically, and their essential role in parasite invasion was further elucidated using antibodies and genetically manipulated Plasmodium parasites. RESULTS A total of 7540 sporozoite-hepatocyte protein pairs were tested under conditions capable of detecting interactions of at least 1.2 µM KD. An interaction between the human fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) and the P. falciparum protein Pf34 is identified and reported here, characterizing its affinity and demonstrating the blockade of the interaction by reagents, including a monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, further interactions between Pf34 and a second P. falciparum rhoptry neck protein, PfRON6, and between human low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and the P. falciparum protein PIESP15 are identified. Conditional genetic deletion confirmed the essentiality of PfRON6 in the blood-stage, consistent with the important role of this protein in parasite lifecycle. Pf34 was refractory to attempted genetic modification. Antibodies to Pf34 abrogated the interaction and had a modest effect upon sporozoite invasion into primary human hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Pf34 and PfRON6 may be members of a functionally important invasion complex which could be a target for future interventions. The modified interaction screening assay, protein expression libraries and P. falciparum mutant parasites reported here may be a useful tool for protein interaction discovery and antigen candidate screening which could be of wider value to the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameswara R Segireddy
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Hugo Belda
- Signalling in Apicomplexan Parasites Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Annie S P Yang
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Dundas
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Julia Knoeckel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Francis Galaway
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Laura Wood
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Doris Quinkert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Ellen Knuepfer
- The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Moritz Treeck
- Signalling in Apicomplexan Parasites Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Alexander D Douglas
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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3
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Heublein S, Pfisterer J, du Bois A, Anglesio M, Aminossadati B, Bhatti I, Sehouli J, Wimberger P, Schochter F, Hilpert F, Hillemanns P, Kalder M, Schroeder W, Mahner S, Burges A, Canzler U, Gropp-Meier M, Jackisch C, Harter P, Kommoss S, Marmé F. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors and Ligands in Context of Bevacizumab Response in Ovarian Carcinoma: An Exploratory Analysis of AGO-OVAR11/ICON-7. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100321. [PMID: 38154497 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With more novel drugs being approved for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma, the question remains to what extent patients benefit from antiangiogenic treatment with bevacizumab, either in combination with poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors or as single-agent maintenance. As fibroblast growth factor receptors and their ligands (FGFRs/FGFs) are key players in angiogenic signaling and have been linked to resistance to several drugs, we investigated the prognostic or predictive potential of FGFs/FGFRs signaling in the context of bevacizumab treatment within the prospective phase III AGO-OVAR11/ICON-7 study. FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, FGF1, and FGF19 gene expressions were determined in 380 ovarian carcinoma tumor samples collected from German centers in the multicenter phase III AGO-OVAR11 trial/ICON-7 trial. All patients received carboplatin and paclitaxel, administered every 3 weeks for 6 cycles, and were randomized to bevacizumab. Expressions of FGFR1, FGFR2, FGF1, and FGF19 were associated with progression-free survival in both uni- and multivariate (FGFR1: HR, 1.6, P < .001; FGFR2: HR, 1.6, P = .002; FGF1: HR, 2.3, P < .001; and FGF19: HR, 0.7; P = .007) analysis. A signature built by FGFR1, FGFR4, and FGF19 defined a subgroup (n = 62) of patients that derived the greatest bevacizumab-associated improvement of progression-free survival (HR, 0.3; P = .004). In this exploratory analysis of a prospective randomized phase III trial, we provide evidence that the expression of FGFRs/FGFs might have independent prognostic values. An FGFR/FGF-based gene signature identified in our study appears to predict long-term benefit from bevacizumab. This observation is hypothesis-generating and requires validation on independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heublein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Anglesio
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Behnaz Aminossadati
- Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials of the Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Irfan Bhatti
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, University Berlin, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Carl-Gustav-Carus University, TU Dresden and National Cancer Center (NCT Dresden), Dresden, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fabienne Schochter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix Hilpert
- Oncologic Therapy Center Hospital Jerusalem, UKHS Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Kalder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philips-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Gynecology, University Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximillians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Burges
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximillians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Canzler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Carl-Gustav-Carus University, TU Dresden and National Cancer Center (NCT Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Gropp-Meier
- Oberschwabenklinik, Department of Gynecology, Krankenhaus St. Elisabeth, Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Jackisch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, SANA-Klinikum Offenbach, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Schwäbisch-Hall, Schwäbisch-Hall, Germany
| | - Frederik Marmé
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Kotlov N, Shaposhnikov K, Tazearslan C, Chasse M, Baisangurov A, Podsvirova S, Fernandez D, Abdou M, Kaneunyenye L, Morgan K, Cheremushkin I, Zemskiy P, Chelushkin M, Sorokina M, Belova E, Khorkova S, Lozinsky Y, Nuzhdina K, Vasileva E, Kravchenko D, Suryamohan K, Nomie K, Curran J, Fowler N, Bagaev A. Procrustes is a machine-learning approach that removes cross-platform batch effects from clinical RNA sequencing data. Commun Biol 2024; 7:392. [PMID: 38555407 PMCID: PMC10981711 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increased use of gene expression profiling for personalized oncology, optimized RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) protocols and algorithms are necessary to provide comparable expression measurements between exome capture (EC)-based and poly-A RNA-seq. Here, we developed and optimized an EC-based protocol for processing formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples and a machine-learning algorithm, Procrustes, to overcome batch effects across RNA-seq data obtained using different sample preparation protocols like EC-based or poly-A RNA-seq protocols. Applying Procrustes to samples processed using EC and poly-A RNA-seq protocols showed the expression of 61% of genes (N = 20,062) to correlate across both protocols (concordance correlation coefficient > 0.8, versus 26% before transformation by Procrustes), including 84% of cancer-specific and cancer microenvironment-related genes (versus 36% before applying Procrustes; N = 1,438). Benchmarking analyses also showed Procrustes to outperform other batch correction methods. Finally, we showed that Procrustes can project RNA-seq data for a single sample to a larger cohort of RNA-seq data. Future application of Procrustes will enable direct gene expression analysis for single tumor samples to support gene expression-based treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary Abdou
- BostonGene, Corp., Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
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5
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Kwok LS, Yian SS, Ismael LQ, Bee YTG, Harn GL, Yin KB. Vimentin protein is a factor for decreasing breast cancer cell proliferation co-culture with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells pre-treated with thiazolidinedione solutions. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:317. [PMID: 38381204 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study investigated the levels of soluble growth factors in the conditioned media of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) pre-treated with thiazolidinedione solutions. The present study aimed to investigate the complex intracellular proteins extracted from BMSCs pre-treated with pioglitazone and/or rosiglitazone using proteomics. METHODS The proliferative effect of the identified protein on MCF-7 cells that interacted non-adhesively with BMSCs pre-treated with pioglitazone and/or rosiglitazone was evaluated using cell culture inserts and conditioned media. The mRNA expression of proliferation and lipid accumulation markers was also evaluated in the interacted MCF-7 cells by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Finally, the correlation between the identified protein and fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF-4) protein in the conditioned media of the pre-treated BMSCs was evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS The present study identified vimentin as the specific protein among the complex intracellular proteins that likely plays a role in MCF-7 cell proliferation when the breast cancer cells interacted non-adhesively with BMSCs pre-treated with a combination of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone. The inhibition of this protein promoted the proliferation of MCF-7 cells when the breast cancer cells interacted with pre-treated BMSCs. Gene expression analysis indicated that pre-treatment of BMSCs with a combination of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone decreased the mRNA expression of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in MCF-7 cells. The pre-treatment did not induce mRNA expression of PPARγ, which is a sign of lipid accumulation. The level of vimentin protein was also associated with the FGF-4 protein expression level in the conditioned media of the pre-treated BMSCs. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that vimentin regulated the expression of FGF-4 through its interaction with SRY-box 2 and POU class 5 homeobox 1. CONCLUSIONS The present study identified a novel intracellular protein that may represent the promising target in pre-treated BMSCs to decrease the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells for human health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lim Shern Kwok
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shim Siang Yian
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Layla Qasim Ismael
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, 44001, Iraq
| | - Yvonne Tee Get Bee
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Gam Lay Harn
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khoo Boon Yin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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Lee YY, Ryu JY, Cho YJ, Choi JY, Choi JJ, Choi CH, Sa JK, Hwang JR, Lee JW. The anti-tumor effects of AZD4547 on ovarian cancer cells: differential responses based on c-Met and FGF19/FGFR4 expression. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:43. [PMID: 38273381 PMCID: PMC10811874 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FGF/FGFR signaling pathway plays a critical role in human cancers. We analyzed the anti-tumor effect of AZD4547, an inhibitor targeting the FGF/FGFR pathway, in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and strategies on overcoming AZD4547 resistance. METHODS The effect of AZD4547 on cell viability/migration was evaluated and in vivo experiments in intraperitoneal xenografts using EOC cells and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were performed. The effect of the combination of AZD4547 with SU11274, a c-Met-specific inhibitor, FGF19-specific siRNA, or an FGFR4 inhibitor was evaluated by MTT assay. RESULTS AZD4547 significantly decreased cell survival and migration in drug-sensitive EOC cells but not drug-resistant cells. AZD4547 significantly decreased tumor weight in xenograft models of drug-sensitive A2780 and SKOV3ip1 cells and in a PDX with drug sensitivity but not in models with drug-resistant A2780-CP20 and SKOV3-TR cells. Furthermore, c-Met expression was high in SKOV3-TR and HeyA8-MDR cells, and co-administration of SU11274 and AZD4547 synergistically induced cell death. In addition, expressions of FGF19 and FGFR4 were high in A2780-CP20 cells. Combining AZD4547 with FGF19 siRNA or with a selective FGFR4 inhibitor led to significantly reduced cell proliferation in A2780-CP20 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that AZD4547 has significant anti-cancer effects in drug-sensitive cells and PDX models but not in drug-resistant EOC cells. In drug-resistant cells, the expression level of c-Met or FGF19/FGFR4 may be a predictive biomarker for AZD4547 treatment response, and a combination strategy of drugs targeting c-Met or FGF19/FGFR4 together with AZD4547 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Young Lee
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Ryu
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Choi
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Jung-Joo Choi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Chel Hun Choi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Jason K Sa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Ryoung Hwang
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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7
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Popiel D, Stańczak A, Skupińska M, Mikołajczyk A, Stańczak P, Mituła F, Hucz-Kalitowska J, Jastrzębska K, Smuga D, Dominowski J, Delis M, Mulewski K, Pietruś W, Zdżalik-Bielecka D, Dzwonek K, Lamparska-Przybysz M, Yamani A, Olejkowska P, Piórkowska N, Dubiel K, Wieczorek M, Pieczykolan J. Preclinical characterization of CPL304110 as a potent and selective inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors 1, 2, and 3 for gastric, bladder, and squamous cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1293728. [PMID: 38282676 PMCID: PMC10811212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1293728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases expressed on a plethora of cell membranes. They play crucial roles in both embryonic development and adult tissue functions. There is an increasing amount of evidence that FGFR-mediated oncogenesis is mainly related to gene amplification, activating mutations, or translocation in tumors of various histological types. Dysregulation of FGFRs has been implicated in a wide variety of neoplasms, such as bladder, gastric, and lung cancers. Given their functional significance, FGFRs emerge as promising targets for cancer therapy. Here, we introduce CPL304100, an innovative and highly potent FGFR1-3 kinase inhibitor demonstrating excellent in vitro biological activity. Comprehensive analyses encompassed kinase assays, cell line evaluations, PK/PD studies surface plasmon resonance studies, molecular docking, and in vivo testing in mouse xenografts. CPL304110 exhibited a distinctive binding profile to FGFR1/2/3 kinase domains, accompanied by a good safety profile and favorable ADMET parameters. Selective inhibition of tumor cell lines featuring active FGFR signaling was observed, distinguishing it from cell lines lacking FGFR aberrations (FGFR1, 2, and 3). CPL304110 demonstrated efficacy in both FGFR-dependent cell lines and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) in vivo models. Comparative analyses with FDA-approved FGFR inhibitors, erdafitinib and pemigatinib, revealed certain advantages of CPL304110 in both in vitro and in vivo assessments. Encouraging preclinical results led the way for the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial (01FGFR2018; NCT04149691) to further evaluate CPL304110 as a novel anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Popiel
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | | | - Monika Skupińska
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Agata Mikołajczyk
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Paulina Stańczak
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Filip Mituła
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | | | - Kinga Jastrzębska
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Damian Smuga
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Jakub Dominowski
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Monika Delis
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Pietruś
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Dzwonek
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | | | - Abdellah Yamani
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | | | | | - Krzysztof Dubiel
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
- Clinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
| | - Jerzy Pieczykolan
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazuń Nowy, Poland
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8
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Yang C, Song D, Zhao F, Wu J, Zhang B, Ren H, Sun Q, Qin S. Comprehensive analysis of the prognostic value and immune infiltration of FGFR family members in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:936952. [PMID: 36147913 PMCID: PMC9487308 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.936952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) modulate numerous cellular processes in tumor cells and tumor microenvironment. However, the effect of FGFRs on tumor prognosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer (GC) remains controversial. Methods The expression of four different types of FGFRs was analyzed via GEPIA, TCGA-STAD, and GTEX databases and our 27 pairs of GC tumor samples and the adjacent normal tissue. Furthermore, the Kaplan–Meier plot and the TCGA database were utilized to assess the association of FGFRs with clinical prognosis. The R software was used to evaluate FGFRs co-expression genes with GO/KEGG Pathway Enrichment Analysis. In vitro and in vivo functional analyses and immunoblotting were performed to verify FGFR4 overexpression consequence. Moreover, the correlation between FGFRs and cancer immune infiltrates was analyzed by TIMER and TCGA databases. And the efficacy of anti-PD-1 mAb treatment was examined in NOG mouse models with overexpressed FGFR1 or FGFR4. Results The expression of FGFRs was considerably elevated in STAD than in the normal gastric tissues and was significantly correlated with poor OS and PFS. ROC curve showed the accuracy of the FGFRs in tumor diagnosis, among which FGFR4 had the highest ROC value. Besides, univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that FGFR4 was an independent prognostic factor for GC patients. According to a GO/KEGG analysis, the FGFRs were implicated in the ERK/MAPK, PI3K-AKT and extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor signaling pathways. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that overexpression of FGFR4 stimulated GC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. In addition, FGFR1 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of CD8+ T-cells, CD4+ T-cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in STAD. In contrast, FGFR4 expression was negatively correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Interestingly, overexpression of FGFR1 in the NOG mouse model improved the immunotherapeutic impact of GC, while overexpression of FGFR4 impaired the effect. When combined with an FGFR4 inhibitor, the anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 treatment increased significantly in a GC xenograft mouse model with overexpressed FGFR4. Conclusions FGFRs has critical function in GC and associated with immune cell infiltration, which might be a potential prognosis biomarker and predictor of response to immunotherapy in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dingli Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fengyu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Boxiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Sida Qin, ; Qi Sun,
| | - Sida Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Sida Qin, ; Qi Sun,
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9
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Role of bile acids and their receptors in gastrointestinal and hepatic pathophysiology. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:432-450. [PMID: 35165436 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) can regulate their own metabolism and transport as well as other key aspects of metabolic homeostasis via dedicated (nuclear and G protein-coupled) receptors. Disrupted BA transport and homeostasis results in the development of cholestatic disorders and contributes to a wide range of liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, impaired BA homeostasis can also affect the intestine, contributing to the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal and oesophageal cancer. Here, we provide a summary of the role of BAs and their disrupted homeostasis in the development of gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders and present novel insights on how targeting BA pathways might contribute to novel treatment strategies for these disorders.
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10
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Ji J, Si D, Bao X, Yu Z, Zhu Y, Zhao L, Li W, Liu J. Discovery of 1,6-Naphthyridin-2(1 H)-one Derivatives as Novel, Potent, and Selective FGFR4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7595-7618. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- R & D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- R & D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Jianfeng Ji
- R & D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Dongjuan Si
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xueting Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yu
- R & D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Yueyue Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- R & D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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11
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Nam Y, Shin I, Kim Y, Ryu S, Kim N, Ju E, Sim T. Anti-cancer effects of 3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives on hepatocellular carcinoma harboring FGFR4 activation. Neoplasia 2021; 24:34-49. [PMID: 34864570 PMCID: PMC8649585 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is disease with a high mortality rate and limited treatment options. Alterations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) has been regarded as an oncogenic driver for HCC and a promising target for HCC therapeutics. Herein, we report that GNF-7, a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, and its derivatives including SIJ1263 (IC50 < 1 nM against FGFR4) are highly potent FGFR4 inhibitors and are capable of strongly suppressing proliferation of HCC cells and Ba/F3 cells transformed with wtFGFR4 or mtFGFR4. Compared with known FGFR4 inhibitors, both GNF-7 and SIJ1263 possess much higher (up to 100-fold) anti-proliferative activities via FGFR signaling blockade and apoptosis on HCC cells. Especially, SIJ1263 is 80-fold more potent (GI50 = 24 nM) on TEL-FGFR4 V550E Ba/F3 cells than BLU9931, which suggests that SIJ1263 would be effective for overriding drug resistance. In addition, both substances strongly suppress migration/invasion and colony formation of HCC cells. It is worth noting that SIJ1263 is superior to GNF-7 with regards to the fact that activities of SIJ1263 are higher than those of GNF-7 in all assays performed in this study. Collectively, this study provides insight into designing highly potent FGFR4 inhibitors capable of potentially overcoming drug-resistance for the treatment of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Nam
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongShick Ryu
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Namdoo Kim
- Voronoibio Inc., 32 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Ju
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taebo Sim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Wang L, Su Y, Choi WS. Melatonin Suppresses Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas Migration and Invasion through Blocking FGF19/FGFR 4 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189907. [PMID: 34576070 PMCID: PMC8468793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are one of the most prevalent malignancies, with a low five-year survival rate, thus warranting more effective drugs or therapy to improve treatment outcomes. Melatonin has been demonstrated to exhibit oncostatic effects. In this study, we explored the anti-cancer effects of melatonin on OSCCs and the underlying mechanisms. A human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC-15) was treated with 2 mM melatonin, followed by transwell migration and invasion assays. Relative expression levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19) was identified by Cytokine Array and further verified by qPCR and Western blot. Overexpression and downregulation of FGF19 were obtained by adding exogenous hFGF19 and FGF19 shRNA lentivirus, respectively. Invasion and migration abilities of SCC-15 cells were suppressed by melatonin, in parallel with the decreased FGF19/FGFR4 expression level. Exogenous hFGF19 eliminated the inhibitory effects of melatonin on SCC-15 cells invasion and migration, while FGF19 knocking-down showed similar inhibitory activities with melatonin. This study proves that melatonin suppresses SCC-15 cells invasion and migration through blocking the FGF19/FGFR4 pathway, which enriches our knowledge on the anticancer effects of melatonin. Blocking the FGF19/FGFR4 pathway by melatonin could be a promising alternative for OSCCs prevention and management, which would facilitate further development of novel strategies to combat OSCCs.
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13
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Chen T, Liu H, Liu Z, Li K, Qin R, Wang Y, Liu J, Li Z, Gao Q, Pan C, Yang F, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Xu Y. FGF19 and FGFR4 promotes the progression of gallbladder carcinoma in an autocrine pathway dependent on GPBAR1-cAMP-EGR1 axis. Oncogene 2021; 40:4941-4953. [PMID: 34163030 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) are limited and GBC prognosis remains poor. There is no well-accepted targeted therapy to date, so effective biomarkers of GBC are urgently needed. Here we investigated the expression and correlations of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1-4) and 18 fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in two independent patient cohorts and evaluated their prognostic significance. Consequently, we demonstrated that both FGF19 and FGFR4 were unfavorable prognostic biomarkers, and their co-expression was a more sensitive predictor. By analyzing the correlations between all 18 FGFs and FGFR4, we showed that FGF19 expression was significantly associated with FGFR4 and promoted GBC progression via stimulating FGFR4. With experiments using GBC cells, GPBAR1-/- mice models, and human subjects, we demonstrated that elevated bile acids (BAs) could increase the transcription and expression of FGF19 and FGFR4 by activating GPBAR1-cAMP-EGR1 pathway. FGF19 secreted from GBC cells promoted GBC progression by stimulating FGFR4 and downstream ERK in an autocrine manner with bile as a potential carrier. Patients with GBC had significantly higher FGF19 in serum and bile, compared to patients with cholelithiasis. BLU9931 inhibited FGFR4 and attenuated its oncogenic effects in GBC cell line. In conclusion, upregulation of BAs elevated co-expression of FGF19 and FGFR4 by activating GPBAR1-cAMP-EGR1 pathway. Co-expression of FGF19 and FGFR4 was a sensitive and unfavorable prognostic marker. GBC cells secreted FGF19 and facilitated progression by activating FGFR4 with bile as a potential carrier in an autocrine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongda Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengli Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kangshuai Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruixi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jialiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinglun Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chang Pan
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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14
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Role of FGF15 in Hepatic Surgery in the Presence of Tumorigenesis: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde? Cells 2021; 10:cells10061421. [PMID: 34200439 PMCID: PMC8228386 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-tumorigenic activity of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 (FGF15 in its rodent orthologue) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as the unsolved problem that ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury supposes in liver surgeries, are well known. However, it has been shown that FGF15 administration protects against liver damage and regenerative failure in liver transplantation (LT) from brain-dead donors without tumor signals, providing a benefit in avoiding IR injury. The protection provided by FGF15/19 is due to its anti-apoptotic and pro-regenerative properties, which make this molecule a potentially beneficial or harmful factor, depending on the disease. In the present review, we describe the preclinical models currently available to understand the signaling pathways responsible for the apparent controversial effects of FGF15/19 in the liver (to repair a damaged liver or to promote tumorigenesis). As well, we study the potential pharmacological use that has the activation or inhibition of FGF15/19 pathways depending on the disease to be treated. We also discuss whether FGF15/19 non-pro-tumorigenic variants, which have been developed for the treatment of liver diseases, might be promising approaches in the surgery of hepatic resections and LT using healthy livers and livers from extended-criteria donors.
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15
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Epstein RJ, Tian LJ, Gu YF. 2b or Not 2b: How Opposing FGF Receptor Splice Variants Are Blocking Progress in Precision Oncology. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9955456. [PMID: 34007277 PMCID: PMC8110382 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9955456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
More than ten thousand peer-reviewed studies have assessed the role of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) in cancer, but few patients have yet benefited from drugs targeting this molecular family. Strategizing how best to use FGFR-targeted drugs is complicated by multiple variables, including RNA splicing events that alter the affinity of ligands for FGFRs and hence change the outcomes of stromal-epithelial interactions. The effects of splicing are most relevant to FGFR2; expression of the FGFR2b splice isoform can restore apoptotic sensitivity to cancer cells, whereas switching to FGFR2c may drive tumor progression by triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The differentiating and regulatory actions of wild-type FGFR2b contrast with the proliferative actions of FGFR1 and FGFR3, and may be converted to mitogenicity either by splice switching or by silencing of tumor suppressor genes such as CDH1 or PTEN. Exclusive use of small-molecule pan-FGFR inhibitors may thus cause nonselective blockade of FGFR2 isoforms with opposing actions, undermining the rationale of FGFR2 drug targeting. This splice-dependent ability of FGFR2 to switch between tumor-suppressing and -driving functions highlights an unmet oncologic need for isoform-specific drug targeting, e.g., by antibody inhibition of ligand-FGFR2c binding, as well as for more nuanced molecular pathology prediction of FGFR2 actions in different stromal-tumor contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Epstein
- New Hope Cancer Center, Beijing United Hospital, 9-11 Jiangtai West Rd, Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Clinical School, 84 Victoria St, Darlinghurst 2010 Sydney, Australia
| | - Li Jun Tian
- New Hope Cancer Center, Beijing United Hospital, 9-11 Jiangtai West Rd, Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yan Fei Gu
- New Hope Cancer Center, Beijing United Hospital, 9-11 Jiangtai West Rd, Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China
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16
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Liu Y, Wang C, Li J, Zhu J, Zhao C, Xu H. Novel Regulatory Factors and Small-Molecule Inhibitors of FGFR4 in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:633453. [PMID: 33981224 PMCID: PMC8107720 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.633453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family and is stimulated by highly regulated ligand binding. Excessive expression of the receptor and its ligand, especially FGF19, occurs in many types of cancer. Abnormal FGFR4 production explains these cancer formations, and therefore, this receptor has emerged as a potential target for inhibiting cancer development. This review discusses the diverse mechanisms of oncogenic activation of FGFR4 and highlights some currently available inhibitors targeting FGFR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Canwei Wang
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jifa Li
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Zhu
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanhai Xu
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Dixit G, Schanz W, Pappas BA, Maretzky T. Members of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Superfamily Are Proteolytically Cleaved by Two Differently Activated Metalloproteases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063165. [PMID: 33804608 PMCID: PMC8003738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases that have been associated not only with various cellular processes, such as embryonic development and adult wound healing but also enhanced tumor survival, angiogenesis, and metastatic spread. Proteolytic cleavage of these single-pass transmembrane receptors has been suggested to regulate biological activities of their ligands during growth and development, yet little is known about the proteases responsible for this process. In this study, we monitored the release of membrane-anchored FGFRs 1, 2, 3, and 4 in cell-based assays. We demonstrate here that metalloprotease-dependent metalloprotease family, ADAM10 and ADAM17. Loss- and gain-of-function studies in murine embryonic fibroblasts showed that constitutive shedding as well as phorbol-ester-induced processing of FGFRs 1, 3, and 4 is mediated by ADAM17. In contrast, treatment with the calcium ionophore ionomycin stimulated ADAM10-mediated FGFR2 shedding. Cell migration assays with keratinocytes in the presence or absence of soluble FGFRs suggest that ectodomain shedding can modulate the function of ligand-induced FGFR signaling during cell movement. Our data identify ADAM10 and ADAM17 as differentially regulated FGFR membrane sheddases and may therefore provide new insight into the regulation of FGFR functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Dixit
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.D.); (W.S.); (B.A.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Willow Schanz
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.D.); (W.S.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Benjamin A. Pappas
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.D.); (W.S.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Thorsten Maretzky
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.D.); (W.S.); (B.A.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Actomyosin and the MRTF-SRF pathway downregulate FGFR1 in mesenchymal stromal cells. Commun Biol 2020; 3:576. [PMID: 33067523 PMCID: PMC7567845 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both biological and mechanical signals are known to influence cell proliferation. However, biological signals are mostly studied in two-dimensions (2D) and the interplay between these different pathways is largely unstudied. Here, we investigated the influence of the cell culture environment on the response to bFGF, a widely studied and important proliferation growth factor. We observed that human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), but not fibroblasts, lose the ability to respond to soluble or covalently bound bFGF when cultured on microfibrillar substrates. This behavior correlated with a downregulation of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression of hMSCs on microfibrillar substrates. Inhibition of actomyosin or the MRTF/SRF pathway decreased FGFR1 expression in hMSCs, fibroblasts and MG63 cells. To our knowledge, this is the first time FGFR1 expression is shown to be regulated through a mechanosensitive pathway in hMSCs. These results add to the sparse literature on FGFR1 regulation and potentially aid designing tissue engineering constructs that better control cell proliferation.
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Levine KM, Ding K, Chen L, Oesterreich S. FGFR4: A promising therapeutic target for breast cancer and other solid tumors. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 214:107590. [PMID: 32492514 PMCID: PMC7494643 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway has long been known to cancer researchers because of its role in cell survival, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Dysregulation of FGFR signaling is frequently reported in cancer studies, but most of these studies focus on FGFR1-3. However, there is growing evidence implicating an important and unique role of FGFR4 in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and resistance to anti-tumor therapy in multiple types of cancer. Importantly, there are several novel FGFR4-specific inhibitors in clinical trials, making FGFR4 an attractive target for further research. In this review, we focus on assessing the role of FGFR4 in cancer, with an emphasis on breast cancer. First, the structure, physiological functions and downstream signaling pathways of FGFR4 are introduced. Next, different mechanisms reported to cause aberrant FGFR4 activation and their functions in cancer are discussed, including FGFR4 overexpression, FGF ligand overexpression, FGFR4 somatic hotspot mutations, and the FGFR4 G388R single nucleotide polymorphism. Finally, ongoing and recently completed clinical trials targeting FGFRs in cancer are reviewed, highlighting the therapeutic potential of FGFR4 inhibition for the treatment of breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Humans
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutation
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Levine
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Research Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kai Ding
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Research Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lyuqin Chen
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Research Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Research Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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20
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Alternative Polyadenylation Modification Patterns Reveal Essential Posttranscription Regulatory Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis in Multiple Tumor Types. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6384120. [PMID: 32626751 PMCID: PMC7315320 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6384120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among various risk factors for the initiation and progression of cancer, alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a remarkable endogenous contributor that directly triggers the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. APA affects biological processes at a transcriptional level in various ways. As such, APA can be involved in tumorigenesis through gene expression, protein subcellular localization, or transcription splicing pattern. The APA sites and status of different cancer types may have diverse modification patterns and regulatory mechanisms on transcripts. Potential APA sites were screened by applying several machine learning algorithms on a TCGA-APA dataset. First, a powerful feature selection method, minimum redundancy maximum relevancy, was applied on the dataset, resulting in a feature list. Then, the feature list was fed into the incremental feature selection, which incorporated the support vector machine as the classification algorithm, to extract key APA features and build a classifier. The classifier can classify cancer patients into cancer types with perfect performance. The key APA-modified genes had a potential prognosis ability because of their significant power in the survival analysis of TCGA pan-cancer data.
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21
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Mechanisms of Efficacy of the FGFR1–3 Inhibitor AZD4547 in Pediatric Solid Tumor Models. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1677-1686. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Lang L, Shull AY, Teng Y. Interrupting the FGF19-FGFR4 Axis to Therapeutically Disrupt Cancer Progression. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:17-25. [PMID: 29557750 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180319091731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coordination between the amplification of the fibroblast growth factor FGF19, overexpression of its corresponding receptor FGFR4, and hyperactivation of the downstream transmembrane enzyme β-klotho has been found to play pivotal roles in mediating tumor development and progression. Aberrant FGF19-FGFR4 signaling has been implicated in driving specific tumorigenic events including cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance, and metastasis by activating a myriad of downstream signaling cascades. As an attractive target, several strategies implemented to disrupt the FGF19-FGFR4 axis have been developed in recent years, and FGF19-FGFR4 binding inhibitors are being intensely evaluated for their clinical use in treating FGF19-FGFR4 implicated cancers. Based on the established work, this review aims to detail how the FGF19-FGFR4 signaling pathway plays a vital role in cancer progression and why disrupting communication between FGF19 and FGFR4 serves as a promising therapeutic strategy for disrupting cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Austin Y Shull
- Department of Biology, Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC 29325, United States
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
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23
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Liu Y, Cao M, Cai Y, Li X, Zhao C, Cui R. Dissecting the Role of the FGF19-FGFR4 Signaling Pathway in Cancer Development and Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:95. [PMID: 32154250 PMCID: PMC7044267 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 4 (FGFR4) belongs to a family of tyrosine kinase receptor. FGFR4 is highly activated in certain types of cancer and its activation is closely associated with its specific ligand, FGF19. Indeed, FGF19-FGFR4 signaling is implicated in many cellular processes including cell proliferation, migration, metabolism, and differentiation. Since active FGF19-FGFR4 signaling acts as an oncogenic pathway in certain types of cancer, the development and therapeutic evaluation of FGFR4-specific inhibitors in cancer patients is a topic of significant interest. In this review, we aim to provide an updated overview of currently-available FGFR4 inhibitors and their ongoing clinical trials, as well as upcoming potential therapeutics. Further, we examined the possibility of enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of FGFR4 inhibitors in cancer patients. We also discussed the underlying molecular mechanisms of oncogenic activation of FGFR4 by FGF19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuepiao Cai
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ri Cui
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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24
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Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 and clinical response to lenvatinib in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a pilot study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:703-709. [PMID: 32034430 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-02842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) expression has association with tumor malignancy. In thyroid cancers, FGFR4 has been reported to be characteristically expressed in aggressive thyroid tumors, such as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). METHODS We investigated FGFR4 expression in patients with ATC and analyzed their clinical responses to lenvatinib. Primary tumor samples were obtained from 12 patients with ATC who underwent surgery or core needle biopsy. FGFR4 protein expression in all ATC samples was analyzed via immunohistochemistry, and the treatment efficacy of lenvatinib was evaluated. RESULTS The proportion of FGFR4-positive cells in the samples ranged from 0 to 50%. Four patients had partial responses, and three patients had stable diseases as a best clinical response to lenvatinib. The median PFS durations of patients with none, weak, and moderate intensity were 0.5, 3.2 (95% CI 1.1-not estimable [NE]), and 4.6 (95% CI 1.1-NE) months, respectively (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Because FGFR4 was expressed in ATC tissues, the FGFR4 expression might be associated with the treatment efficacy of lenvatinib in a part of ATC patients. To clarify whether FGFR4 can serve as a prognostic or predictive factor for lenvatinib therapy, more cases must be accumulated.
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25
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Ocker M. Fibroblast growth factor signaling in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Paving the way to hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:279-290. [PMID: 31988589 PMCID: PMC6969880 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i3.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are increasingly leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, subsequent steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Fibroblast growth factors and their receptors play an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis also in the liver and disorders in signaling have been identified to contribute to those pathophysiologic conditions leading to hepatic lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation. While specific and well tolerated inhibitors of fibroblast growth factor receptor activity are currently developed for (non-liver) cancer therapy, treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is still limited. Fibroblast growth factor-mimicking or restoring approaches have recently evolved as a novel therapeutic option and the impact of such interactions with the fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling network during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis development is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ocker
- Department of Gastroenterology (CBF), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
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26
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Expression of FGF8, FGF18, and FGFR4 in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinomas. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091092. [PMID: 31527546 PMCID: PMC6770911 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though distinctive advances in the field of esophageal cancer therapy have occurred over the last few years, patients' survival rates remain poor. FGF8, FGF18, and FGFR4 have been identified as promising biomarkers in a number of cancers; however no data exist on expression of FGF8, FGF18, and FGFR4 in adenocarcinomas of the esophago-gastric junction (AEG). A preliminary analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database on FGF8, FGF18, and FGFR4 mRNA expression data of patients with AEG was performed. Furthermore, protein levels of FGF8, FGF18, and FGFR4 in diagnostic biopsies and post-operative specimens in neoadjuvantly treated and primarily resected patients using immunohistochemistry were investigated. A total of 242 patients was analyzed in this study: 87 patients were investigated in the TCGA data set analysis and 155 patients in the analysis of protein expression using immunohistochemistry. High protein levels of FGF8, FGF18, and FGFR4 were detected in 94 (60.7%), 49 (31.6%) and 84 (54.2%) patients, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models revealed that high expression of FGF8 was an independent prognostic factor for diminished overall survival for all patients and for neoadjuvantly treated patients. By contrast, FGF18 overexpression was significantly associated with longer survival rates in neoadjuvantly treated patients. In addition, FGF8 protein level correlated with Mandard regression due to neoadjuvant therapy, indicating potential as a predictive marker. In summary, FGF8 and FGF18 are promising candidates for prognostic factors in adenocarcinomas of the esophago-gastric junction and new potential targets for new anti-cancer therapies.
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27
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Vlacic G, Hoda MA, Klikovits T, Sinn K, Gschwandtner E, Mohorcic K, Schelch K, Pirker C, Peter-Vörösmarty B, Brankovic J, Dome B, Laszlo V, Cufer T, Rozman A, Klepetko W, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hegedus B, Berger W, Kern I, Grusch M. Expression of FGFR1-4 in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Tissue and Corresponding Cell Lines and its Relationship to Patient Survival and FGFR Inhibitor Sensitivity. Cells 2019; 8:E1091. [PMID: 31527449 PMCID: PMC6769772 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a devastating malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) and their ligands were shown to contribute to MPM aggressiveness and it was suggested that subgroups of MPM patients could benefit from FGFR-targeted inhibitors. In the current investigation, we determined the expression of all four FGFRs (FGFR1-FGFR4) by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from 94 MPM patients. From 13 of these patients, we were able to establish stable cell lines, which were subjected to FGFR1-4 staining, transcript analysis by quantitative RT-PCR, and treatment with the FGFR inhibitor infigratinib. While FGFR1 and FGFR2 were widely expressed in MPM tissue and cell lines, FGFR3 and FGFR4 showed more restricted expression. FGFR1 and FGFR2 showed no correlation with clinicopathologic data or patient survival, but presence of FGFR3 in 42% and of FGFR4 in 7% of patients correlated with shorter overall survival. Immunostaining in cell lines was more homogenous than in the corresponding tissue samples. Neither transcript nor protein expression of FGFR1-4 correlated with response to infigratinib treatment in MPM cell lines. We conclude that FGFR3 and FGFR4, but not FGFR1 or FGFR2, have prognostic significance in MPM and that FGFR expression is not sufficient to predict FGFR inhibitor response in MPM cell lines.
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MESH Headings
- Acrylamides/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mesothelioma/diagnosis
- Mesothelioma/drug therapy
- Mesothelioma/pathology
- Mesothelioma, Malignant
- Middle Aged
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Vlacic
- University Clinic for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia.
| | - Mir A Hoda
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Klikovits
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Katharina Sinn
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Elisabeth Gschwandtner
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Katja Mohorcic
- University Clinic for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia.
| | - Karin Schelch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Barbara Peter-Vörösmarty
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jelena Brankovic
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Balazs Dome
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tanja Cufer
- University Clinic for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia.
| | - Ales Rozman
- University Clinic for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia.
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, 45239 Essen, Germany.
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Izidor Kern
- University Clinic for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia.
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Weiss A, Adler F, Buhles A, Stamm C, Fairhurst RA, Kiffe M, Sterker D, Centeleghe M, Wartmann M, Kinyamu-Akunda J, Schadt HS, Couttet P, Wolf A, Wang Y, Barzaghi-Rinaudo P, Murakami M, Kauffmann A, Knoepfel T, Buschmann N, Leblanc C, Mah R, Furet P, Blank J, Hofmann F, Sellers WR, Graus Porta D. FGF401, A First-In-Class Highly Selective and Potent FGFR4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of FGF19-Driven Hepatocellular Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2194-2206. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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29
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Heublein S, Anglesio MS, Marmé F, Kommoss S. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) as detected by immunohistochemistry is associated with postoperative residual disease in ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2251-2259. [PMID: 31385026 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 (FGFR4) was proposed to hold prognostic significance in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). However, information on this deriving from large, representative patient panels is still missing, though such data would be indispensable to validate suitability of FGFR4 as prognostic marker or even pharmacological target. METHODS 1063 ovarian cancer cases were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using two different anti-FGFR4 specific antibodies (HPA027273, sc-124) on an automated staining system. IHC data of both FGFR4 antibodies were available from 995 cases. FGFR4 immunostaining was correlated to prognostic factors including survival using uni- and multivariate proportional hazard models. RESULTS FGFR4 was positively associated with advanced FIGO stage, high grade and presence of residual disease. When progression free (PFS) of FGFR4 negative vs. positive patients was compared, patients scored as FGFR4 positive had significantly shortened PFS as compared to those that stained negative. All associations of FGFR4 and shortened PFS were lost during multivariate testing. No significant associations were found in terms of OS. CONCLUSIONS We were not able to confirm FGFR4 as an independent negative prognosticator as described before. However, FGFR4 was highly prevalent in those cases harboring residual disease after debulking surgery. Since especially patients that could only be debulked sub-optimally may benefit from targeted adjuvant treatment, tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting FGFRs might turn out to be an interesting future treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heublein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael S Anglesio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Frederik Marmé
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mannheim University Hospital, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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30
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Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Skin Cancers. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060540. [PMID: 31167513 PMCID: PMC6628025 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling regulates various cellular processes during the embryonic development and in the adult organism. In the skin, fibroblasts and keratinocytes control proliferation and survival of melanocytes in a paracrine manner via several signaling molecules, including FGFs. FGF/FGFR signaling contributes to the skin surface expansion in childhood or during wound healing, and skin protection from UV light damage. Aberrant FGF/FGFR signaling has been implicated in many disorders, including cancer. In melanoma cells, the FGFR expression is low, probably because of the strong endogenous mutation-driven constitutive activation of the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK) signaling pathway. FGFR1 is exceptional as it is expressed in the majority of melanomas at a high level. Melanoma cells that acquired the capacity to synthesize FGFs can influence the neighboring cells in the tumor niche, such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, or other melanoma cells. In this way, FGF/FGFR signaling contributes to intratumoral angiogenesis, melanoma cell survival, and development of resistance to therapeutics. Therefore, inhibitors of aberrant FGF/FGFR signaling are considered as drugs in combination treatment. The ongoing LOGIC-2 phase II clinical trial aims to find out whether targeting the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway with BGJ398 may be a good therapeutic strategy in melanoma patients who develop resistance to v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF)/MEK inhibitors.
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31
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Quintanal-Villalonga A, Ferrer I, Molina-Pinelo S, Paz-Ares L. A patent review of FGFR4 selective inhibition in cancer (2007-2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:429-438. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1624720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Ferrer
- CNIO-H12O Lung Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica i+12 & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- CNIO-H12O Lung Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica i+12 & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Medical School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Targeting in Cancer: New Insights into Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010031. [PMID: 30634399 PMCID: PMC6356571 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), a tyrosine kinase receptor for FGFs, is involved in diverse cellular processes, including the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis. High activation of FGFR4 is strongly associated with the amplification of its specific ligand FGF19 in many types of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, where it acts as an oncogene driving the cancer development and progression. Currently, the development and therapeutic evaluation of FGFR4-specific inhibitors, such as BLU9931 and H3B-6527, in animal models and cancer patients, are paving the way to suppress hyperactive FGFR4 signaling in cancer. This comprehensive review not only covers the recent discoveries in understanding FGFR4 regulation and function in cancer, but also reveals the therapeutic implications and applications regarding emerging anti-FGFR4 agents. Our aim is to pinpoint the potential of FGFR4 as a therapeutic target and identify new avenues for advancing future research in the field.
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33
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Zhou Z, Chen X, Fu Y, Zhang Y, Dai S, Li J, Chen L, Xu G, Chen Z, Chen Y. Characterization of FGF401 as a reversible covalent inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5890-5893. [PMID: 31041948 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02052g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical and structural studies provide information on the mode of action of FGF401 as a selective, reversible covalent inhibitor of FGFR4.
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34
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Lu X, Chen H, Patterson AV, Smaill JB, Ding K. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 (FGFR4) Selective Inhibitors as Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy: Advances and Prospects. J Med Chem 2018; 62:2905-2915. [PMID: 30403487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Adam V. Patterson
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Translational Therapeutics Team, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jeff B. Smaill
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Translational Therapeutics Team, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
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FGF8 induces therapy resistance in neoadjuvantly radiated rectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:77-86. [PMID: 30276721 PMCID: PMC6326005 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Therapy response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (nRCT) of locally advanced rectal cancer varies widely so that markers predicting response are urgently needed. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling is involved in pro-survival signaling and thereby may result in radiation resistance. Methods In a cohort of 43 rectal cancer patients, who received nRCT, we analyzed protein levels of FGF 8 and its downstream target Survivin by immunohistochemistry to assess their impact on nRCT response. In vitro resistance models were created by exposing colorectal cancer cell lines to fractionated irradiation and selecting long-term survivors. Results Our findings revealed significantly higher FGF8 and Survivin staining scores in pre-treatment biopsies as well as in surgical specimens of non-responsive compared to responsive patients. Functional studies demonstrated dose-dependent induction of FGF8 mRNA expression in mismatch-incompetent DLD1 cells already after one dose of irradiation. Surviving clones after one or two series of radiation were more resistant to an additional radiation fraction than non-irradiated controls and showed a significant increase in expression of the FGF8 receptor FGFR3 and of Survivin on both the RNA and the protein levels. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that FGF8 and Survivin contribute to radiation resistance in rectal cancer and may serve as markers to select patients who may not benefit from neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00432-018-2757-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Szewczyk K. Comparison of the human tumor metastasis gene expression level in neuroblastoma patients with MYCN amplification and 2p gain: Pilot study. PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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37
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Yamamoto M, Nomura S, Hosoi A, Nagaoka K, Iino T, Yasuda T, Saito T, Matsushita H, Uchida E, Seto Y, Goldenring JR, Kakimi K, Tatematsu M, Tsukamoto T. Established gastric cancer cell lines transplantable into C57BL/6 mice show fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 promotion of tumor growth. Cancer Sci 2018. [PMID: 29532565 PMCID: PMC5980194 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously no mouse gastric cancer cell lines have been available for transplantation into C57BL/6 mice. However, a gastric cancer model in immunocompetent mice would be useful for analyzing putative therapies. N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was given in drinking water to C57BL/6 mice and p53 heterozygous knockout mice. Only 1 tumor from a p53 knockout mouse could be cultured and the cells s.c. transplanted into a C57BL/6 mouse. We cultured this s.c. tumor, and subcloned it. mRNA expression in the most aggressive YTN16 subline was compared to the less aggressive YTN2 subline by microarray analysis, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) in YTN16 cells was knocked out with a CRISPR/Cas9 system and inhibited by an FGFR4 selective inhibitor, BLU9931. These transplanted cell lines formed s.c. tumors in C57BL/6 mice. Four cell lines (YTN2, YTN3, YTN5, YTN16) were subcloned and established. Their in vitro growth rates were similar. However, s.c. tumor establishment rates, metastatic rates, and peritoneal dissemination rates of YTN2 and YTN3 were lower than for YTN5 and YTN16. YTN16 established 8/8 s.c. tumors, 7/8 with lung metastases, 3/8 with lymph node metastases and 5/5 with peritoneal dissemination. FGFR4 expression by YTN16 was 121-fold higher than YTN2. FGFR4-deleted YTN16 cells failed to form s.c. tumors and showed lower rates of peritoneal dissemination. BLU9931 significantly inhibited the growth of peritoneal dissemination of YTN16. These studies present the first transplantable mouse gastric cancer lines. Our results further indicate that FGFR4 is an important growth signal receptor in gastric cancer cells with high FGFR4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Nomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hosoi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nagaoka
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamaki Iino
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yasuda
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito
- Institute of Immunology Co., Ltd, Utsunomiya Laboratory, Genetic Modified Animal Group, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Matsushita
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Uchida
- Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Surgery and the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Tsukamoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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Wu D, Guo M, Min X, Dai S, Li M, Tan S, Li G, Chen X, Ma Y, Li J, Jiang L, Qu L, Zhou Z, Chen Z, Chen L, Xu G, Chen Y. LY2874455 potently inhibits FGFR gatekeeper mutants and overcomes mutation-based resistance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12089-12092. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07546h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
LY2874455 can avoid a steric clash with the mutated gatekeeper residue in FGFR4.
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39
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Association between FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphism (rs351855) and cancer risk: A meta analysis including 10,584 subjects. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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40
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Fairhurst RA, Knoepfel T, Leblanc C, Buschmann N, Gaul C, Blank J, Galuba I, Trappe J, Zou C, Voshol J, Genick C, Brunet-Lefeuvre P, Bitsch F, Graus-Porta D, Furet P. Approaches to selective fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 inhibition through targeting the ATP-pocket middle-hinge region. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1604-1613. [PMID: 30108871 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A diverse range of selective FGFR4 inhibitor hit series were identified using unbiased screening approaches and by the modification of known kinase inhibitor scaffolds. In each case the origin of the selectivity was consistent with an interaction with a poorly conserved cysteine residue within the middle-hinge region of the kinase domain of FGFR4, at position 552. Targeting this region identified a non-covalent diaminopyrimidine series differentiating by size, an irreversible-covalent inhibitor in which Cys552 undergoes an SNAr reaction with a 2-chloropyridine, and a reversible-covalent inhibitor series in which Cys552 forms a hemithioacetal adduct with a 2-formyl naphthalene. In addition, the introduction of an acrylamide into a known FGFR scaffold identified a pan-FGFR inhibitor which reacted with both Cys552 and a second poorly conserved cysteine on the P-loop of FGFR4 at position 477 which is present in all four FGFR family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Fairhurst
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Thomas Knoepfel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Nicole Buschmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Christoph Gaul
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Jutta Blank
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Inga Galuba
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Jörg Trappe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Chao Zou
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Johannes Voshol
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Christine Genick
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland .
| | | | - Francis Bitsch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Diana Graus-Porta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Pascal Furet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland .
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Mo C, Zhang Z, Guise CP, Li X, Luo J, Tu Z, Xu Y, Patterson AV, Smaill JB, Ren X, Lu X, Ding K. 2-Aminopyrimidine Derivatives as New Selective Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 (FGFR4) Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:543-548. [PMID: 28523108 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized as highly selective FGFR4 inhibitors. One of the most promising compounds 2n tightly bound FGFR4 with a Kd value of 3.3 nM and potently inhibited its enzymatic activity with an IC50 value of 2.6 nM, but completely spared FGFR1/2/3. The compound selectively suppressed proliferation of breast cancer cells harboring dysregulated FGFR4 signaling with an IC50 value of 0.38 μM. Furthermore, 2n exhibited extraordinary target specificity in a Kinome-wide screen against 468 kinases, with S(35) and S(10) selectivity scores of 0.01 and 0.007 at 1.0 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Mo
- State
Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, # 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, # 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- School
of Pharmacy, Jinan University, # 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Christopher P. Guise
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, #92019 Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, #92019 Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Xueqiang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, # 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, # 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, # 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhengchao Tu
- State
Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, # 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, # 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Adam V. Patterson
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, #92019 Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, #92019 Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jeff B. Smaill
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, #92019 Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, #92019 Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- School
of Pharmacy, Jinan University, # 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- School
of Pharmacy, Jinan University, # 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ke Ding
- School
of Pharmacy, Jinan University, # 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Jing Q, Wang Y, Liu H, Deng X, Jiang L, Liu R, Song H, Li J. FGFs: crucial factors that regulate tumour initiation and progression. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:438-47. [PMID: 27383016 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are crucial signalling molecules involved in normal cell growth, differentiation and proliferation. Over the past few decades, a large body of research has illustrated effects of individual FGFs on tumour initiation and progression. Tumour development is commonly accompanied with generation of new blood and lymph vessels, which support enhanced cell proliferation. Moreover, acquisition of tumour cells of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, enhances tumour cell migration and invasion potentials, crucial steps in tumour metastasis. This review summarizes recent findings concerning roles of FGFs in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jing
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haixing Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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A Polymorphism in the FGFR4 Gene Is Associated With Risk of Neuroblastoma and Altered Receptor Degradation. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 38:131-8. [PMID: 26840079 PMCID: PMC4758892 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes for children with high-risk neuroblastoma are poor, and improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying neuroblastoma pathogenesis, recurrence, and treatment resistance will lead to improved outcomes. Aberrant growth factor receptor expression and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling are associated with the pathogenesis of many malignancies. A germline polymorphism in the FGFR4 gene is associated with increased receptor expression and activity and with decreased survival, treatment resistance, and aggressive disease for many malignancies. We therefore investigated the role of this FGFR4 polymorphism in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Germline DNA from neuroblastoma patients and matched controls was assessed for the FGFR4 Gly/Arg388 polymorphism by RT-PCR. Allele frequencies were assessed for association with neuroblastoma patient outcomes and prognostic features. Degradation rates of the FGFR4 Arg388 and Gly388 receptors and rates of receptor internalization into the late endosomal compartment were measured. RESULTS Frequency of the FGFR4 AA genotype and the prevalence of the A allele were significantly higher in patients with neuroblastoma than in matched controls. The Arg388 receptor demonstrated slower degradation than the Gly388 receptor in neuroblastoma cells and reduced internalization into multivesicular bodies. CONCLUSIONS The FGFR4 Arg388 polymorphism is associated with an increased prevalence of neuroblastoma in children, and this association may be linked to differences in FGFR4 degradation rates. Our study provides the first evidence of a role for FGFR4 in neuroblastoma, suggesting that FGFR4 genotype and the pathways regulating FGFR4 trafficking and degradation may be relevant for neuroblastoma pathogenesis.
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Packer LM, Pollock PM. Paralog-Specific Kinase Inhibition of FGFR4: Adding to the Arsenal of Anti-FGFR Agents. Cancer Discov 2016; 5:355-7. [PMID: 25847957 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Hagel and colleagues report the design and the in vitro and in vivo activity of a novel, irreversible, paralog-specific kinase inhibitor of FGFR4, BLU9931. This compound binds covalently to a cysteine residue in the hinge region of FGFR4 but not in FGFR1-3. BLU9931 induces tumor shrinkage in hepatocellular carcinoma models that express a functioning ligand/receptor complex consisting of FGF19/FGFR4/KLB and adds to a growing list of anti-FGFR4 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisl M Packer
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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45
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Gauglhofer C, Paur J, Schrottmaier WC, Wingelhofer B, Huber D, Naegelen I, Pirker C, Mohr T, Heinzle C, Holzmann K, Marian B, Schulte-Hermann R, Berger W, Krupitza G, Grusch M, Grasl-Kraupp B. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4: a putative key driver for the aggressive phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2331-8. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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46
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Coleman SJ, Grose RP, Kocher HM. Fibroblast growth factor family as a potential target in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2014; 1:43-54. [PMID: 27508175 PMCID: PMC4918266 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s48958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is currently the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The prognosis of patients diagnosed with late-stage disease is dismal due to high resistance to conventional systemic therapies. The introduction of sorafenib, despite its limited efficacy, as the standard systemic therapy for advanced HCC has paved a way for targeted molecular therapies for HCC. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling plays an important role in the developing embryo and the adult. The FGF signaling pathway is often hijacked by cancer cells, including HCC. Several alterations in FGF signaling correlate with poor outcome in HCC patients, suggesting that this family of signaling molecules plays an important role in the development of HCC. Multikinase inhibitors targeting FGF signaling are currently under investigation in clinical trials. This review discusses the current understanding of the biological and clinical implications of aberrant FGF signaling in the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey J Coleman
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard P Grose
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Barts and the London HPB Centre, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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