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Zhu L, Liu YP, Huang YT, Zhou ZJ, Liu JF, Yu LM, Wang HS. Cellular and molecular biology of posttranslational modifications in cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117374. [PMID: 39217836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has now become the leading cause of death worldwide, and its high morbidity and mortality rates pose a great threat to society. Although numerous studies have reported the pathophysiology of CVD, the exact pathogenesis of all types of CVD is not fully understood. Therefore, much more research is still needed to explore the pathogenesis of CVD. With the development of proteomics, many studies have successfully identified the role of posttranslational modifications in the pathogenesis of CVD, including key processes such as apoptosis, cell metabolism, and oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the progress in the understanding of posttranslational modifications in cardiovascular diseases, including novel protein posttranslational modifications such as succinylation and nitrosylation. Furthermore, we summarize the currently identified histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors used to treat CVD, providing new perspectives on CVD treatment modalities. We critically analyze the roles of posttranslational modifications in the pathogenesis of CVD-related diseases and explore future research directions related to posttranslational modifications in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong-Ping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Zi-Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Ming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Hui-Shan Wang
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Safaeian L, Asghari-Varzaneh M, Alavi SS, Halvaei-Varnousfaderani M, Laher I. Cardiovascular protective effects of cinnamic acid as a natural phenolic acid: a review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39101816 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2024.2387694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Phenolic acids derived from plants have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Cinnamic acid (CA) is a crucial phenolic acid that can form numerous hydroxycinnamic derivate found in many food groups. We review current data on the cardiovascular pharmacology of CA with a focus on CVD and their risk factors including hyperlipidaemia, obesity, hyperglycaemia, cardiomyopathy and myocardial ischaemia, vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. Both in vivo and in vitro laboratory studies demonstrate the lipid-lowering, anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, cardio-protective and vasorelaxant activities of CA. The protective impacts of CA against CVD occur by inhibiting inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic pathways, regulating the genes and enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms, and promoting vasodilation. This review showed that the most studied and prominent effects of CA are anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-diabetic properties. In conclusion, intake of plant foods rich in CA may reduce CVD risk especially through regulating blood glucose and lipids levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Safaeian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Asghari-Varzaneh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed-Sadegh Alavi
- Hakiman Pazhooh Co., Incubator and Entrepreneurship Center, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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3
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Abraham MK, Madanan AS, Varghese S, Shkhair AI, Indongo G, Rajeevan G, S VN, George S. MnO 2 nanosheet quenched thulium doped photon-up conversion luminescent immunoprobe for the 'turn-on' detection of cardiac troponin T. Talanta 2024; 275:126096. [PMID: 38631263 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A "turn-on" photon up conversion nano couple based on NaYF4: Yb, Tm UCNPs quenched with MnO2 nanosheet was developed for the rapid and selective detection of cTnT. Herein, MnO2 nanosheet hold on the surface of Antibody cTnT (Ab-cTnT) conjugated blue emitting up conversion nanoprobe (λem at 475 nm), which leads to quenching of fluorescence due to energy transfer from photon up conversion nanoparticles to MnO2 nanosheets. On introducing cTnT antigen to the system, the energy transfer process is hindered due to strong antigen -antibody interface on the surface. This in turn, influences the nano-couples positions and effectively separates up conversion nanoprobe from MnO2 nanosheets surface resulting in restriction to energy transfer process enabling fluorescence recovery. The developed probe shows a linear response towards cTnT in the range of 0.16-2.77 ng/mL with a Limit of Detection (LoD) of 0.025 ng/mL. The practical feasibility of the nanoprobe is performed with possible coexisting biomolecules. Biological study in human blood serum samples exhibited sufficient recovery percentage in the range of 92-103 % is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin K Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Anju S Madanan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Susan Varghese
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Ali Ibrahim Shkhair
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Geneva Indongo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Greeshma Rajeevan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Vijila N S
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Sony George
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India.
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Tahtouh Zaatar M, Othman R, Abou Samra E, Karam M. Exploring the link between T-regulatory cells and inflammatory cytokines in atherogenesis: findings from patients with stable angina pectoris. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:4456-4462. [PMID: 39118685 PMCID: PMC11305802 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease impacting arteries, is closely linked to cardiovascular conditions. Dyslipidemia, marked by high low-density lipoprotein (LDL), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and increased plasma triglycerides, is a key risk factor. Atherogenesis begins when modified lipoproteins like oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) activate the immune system. This study explores the roles of T-regulatory cells (Tregs) and interleukins 10 (IL-10), 6 (IL-6), and 17 (IL-17) in atherogenesis. Methods Samples were collected from the Hospital patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated using Ficoll density gradient and analyzed via flow cytometry. IL-10, IL-6, and IL-17 levels in cell culture supernatant were measured using ELISA. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM and analyzed with statistical software. Results Results indicate that only patients exhibited reduced Treg and IL-10 levels after high-dose ox-LDL treatment. Significant IL-6 reduction was observed in both NCA and SA groups after high-dose n-LDL and low/high ox-LDL treatments compared to untreated PBMCs. Conclusions and future directions Future research will explore n-LDL and ox-LDL effects on Th17/Treg immune responses within a specific cytokine environment known for inducing inflammation, assessing their potential role in atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Tahtouh Zaatar
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, American University in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rima Othman
- Department of Biology, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon
| | - Elias Abou Samra
- Department of Biology, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon
| | - Marc Karam
- Department of Biology, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon
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Jafari A, Kordkatuli K, Mardani H, Mehdipoor F, Bakhtiari Jami P, Abbastabar M, Vakili M, Besharat S, Alaghi A. Ginseng supplementation and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a protocol for GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080926. [PMID: 38969369 PMCID: PMC11227762 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart diseases constitute a significant global public health concern. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are characterised by disruptions in blood circulation and are notably prevalent among adults exposed to Westernised diets. Ginseng, a medicinal plant, has been recognised for its healing properties and has a history of use spanning thousands of years. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of ginseng in modifying risk factors for CVD, including lipid profiles, glycaemic control, anthropometric indices, inflammation indicators, blood pressure, oxidative stress, liver function tests, adipokines and heart rate among individuals aged 18 and above, encompassing both genders. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct an electronic search for articles published from inception to September 2023 using a predefined search strategy in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL and EMBASE. Our search will focus exclusively on randomised controlled clinical trials involving both healthy and unhealthy participants. The process of reviewing articles, extracting pertinent information and assessing the quality of studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool will be carried out independently by two reviewers. Any discrepancies will be resolved through discussion with a third party. If a sufficient number of eligible studies are identified, a meta-analysis will be conducted using these outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study serves as the procedural framework for a comprehensive examination and does not require ethical approval. Additionally, the study adhered to the guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Golestan University of Medical Sciences (IR.GOUMS.REC.1402.298). PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023465688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Kordkatuli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Helia Mardani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehdipoor
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Bakhtiari Jami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbastabar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Vakili
- Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sima Besharat
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Alaghi
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Islam KN, Nguyen ID, Islam R, Pirzadah H, Malik H. Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) as a Potential Therapeutic Agent in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e64913. [PMID: 39156383 PMCID: PMC11330631 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) stands as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the continued search for novel therapeutics is vital for addressing this global health challenge. Over the past decade, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has garnered significant attention in the field of medical research, as it has been proven to be a cardioprotective gaseous signaling molecule. It joins nitric oxide and carbon monoxide as endogenously produced gasotransmitters. As for its mechanism, H₂S functions through the posttranslational addition of a sulfur group to cysteine residues on target proteins in a process called sulfhydration. As a result, the observed physiological effects of H₂S can include vasodilation, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, antioxidant effects, and regulation of ion channels. Various studies have observed the cardioprotective benefits of H₂S in diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, arrhythmia, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of H₂S in various CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi N Islam
- Department of Agricultural Research Development Program, Central State University, Wilberforce, USA
| | - Ivan D Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Rahib Islam
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Humza Pirzadah
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Hassan Malik
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
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Shi K, Jiao Y, Yang L, Yuan G, Jia J. New insights into the roles of olfactory receptors in cardiovascular disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1615-1626. [PMID: 38761351 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with seven transmembrane domains that bind to specific exogenous chemical ligands and transduce intracellular signals. They constitute the largest gene family in the human genome. They are expressed in the epithelial cells of the olfactory organs and in the non-olfactory tissues such as the liver, kidney, heart, lung, pancreas, intestines, muscle, testis, placenta, cerebral cortex, and skin. They play important roles in the normal physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. Recent evidence has highlighted a close association between ORs and several metabolic diseases. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Furthermore, ORs play an essential role in the development and functional regulation of the cardiovascular system and are implicated in the pathophysiological mechanisms of CVDs, including atherosclerosis (AS), heart failure (HF), aneurysms, and hypertension (HTN). This review describes the specific mechanistic roles of ORs in the CVDs, and highlights the future clinical application prospects of ORs in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangru Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolissm, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolissm, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolissm, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolissm, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jue Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolissm, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Namitokov A. Sortilin and its potential role in cardiovascular pathology. Egypt Heart J 2024; 76:78. [PMID: 38913092 PMCID: PMC11196447 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-024-00512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted role of sortilin, a key receptor in lipid metabolism, within the context of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of global mortality. MAIN BODY Sortilin, encoded by the SORT1 gene, is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, primarily through its regulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). The review delves into the biological functions of sortilin, emphasizing its critical role in lipid and cholesterol homeostasis and its influence on hepatic secretion of lipoproteins and atherogenesis. We highlight sortilin's pathophysiological significance in atherosclerosis, underscoring its involvement in lipid metabolism pathways and vascular inflammation, and its impact on macrophage functions in atherosclerotic plaque formation. The potential of sortilin as a therapeutic target is discussed, considering evidence that suggests its modulation could ameliorate atherosclerosis. The review also acknowledges current inconsistencies and gaps in the evidence, calling for more comprehensive patient studies and in-depth mechanistic research. Finally, the article outlines future research directions, focusing on understanding sortilin's specific cellular mechanisms in cardiovascular health, exploring its genetic variability, therapeutic implications, and its broader relevance to other diseases. CONCLUSION This review underscores the significance of sortilin as a biomarker and a promising target for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular pathology, while advocating for continued research to fully unravel its complex role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alim Namitokov
- Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russia.
- Scientific Research Institute - Regional Clinical Hospital #1 NA Prof. S.V. Ochapovsky, Krasnodar, Russia.
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Olas B, Kontek B, Sławińska N, Białecki J. New Findings Regarding the Effects of Selected Blue Food Colorants (Genipin, Patent Blue V, and Brilliant Blue FCF) on the Hemostatic Properties of Blood Components In Vitro. Nutrients 2024; 16:1985. [PMID: 38999733 PMCID: PMC11243173 DOI: 10.3390/nu16131985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural and synthetic colorants present in food can modulate hemostasis, which includes the coagulation process and blood platelet activation. Some colorants have cardioprotective activity as well. However, the effect of genipin (a natural blue colorant) and synthetic blue colorants (including patent blue V and brilliant blue FCF) on hemostasis is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of three blue colorants-genipin, patent blue V, and brilliant blue FCF-on selected parameters of hemostasis in vitro. The anti- or pro-coagulant potential was assessed in human plasma by measuring the following coagulation times: thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Moreover, we used the Total Thrombus formation Analysis System (T-TAS, PL-chip) to evaluate the anti-platelet potential of the colorants in whole blood. We also measured their effect on the adhesion of washed blood platelets to fibrinogen and collagen. Lastly, the cytotoxicity of the colorants against blood platelets was assessed based on the activity of extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). We observed that genipin (at all concentrations (1-200 µM)) did not have a significant effect on the coagulation times (PT, APTT, and TT). However, genipin at the highest concentration (200 µM) and patent blue V at the concentrations of 1 and 10 µM significantly prolonged the time of occlusion measured using the T-TAS, which demonstrated their anti-platelet activity. We also observed that genipin decreased the adhesion of platelets to fibrinogen and collagen. Only patent blue V and brilliant blue FCF significantly shortened the APTT (at the concentration of 10 µM) and TT (at concentrations of 1 and 10 µM), demonstrating pro-coagulant activity. These synthetic blue colorants also modulated the process of human blood platelet adhesion, stimulating the adhesion to fibrinogen and inhibiting the adhesion to collagen. The results demonstrate that genipin is not toxic. In addition, because of its ability to reduce blood platelet activation, genipin holds promise as a novel and valuable agent that improves the health of the cardiovascular system and reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism of its anti-platelet activity remains unclear and requires further studies. Its in vivo activity and interaction with various anti-coagulant and anti-thrombotic drugs, including aspirin and its derivatives, should be examined as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogdan Kontek
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Sławińska
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Białecki
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Patrascanu OS, Tutunaru D, Musat CL, Dragostin OM, Fulga A, Nechita L, Ciubara AB, Piraianu AI, Stamate E, Poalelungi DG, Dragostin I, Iancu DCE, Ciubara A, Fulga I. Future Horizons: The Potential Role of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology. J Pers Med 2024; 14:656. [PMID: 38929877 PMCID: PMC11204977 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature death and disability globally, leading to significant increases in healthcare costs and economic strains. Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a crucial technology in this context, promising to have a significant impact on the management of CVDs. A wide range of methods can be used to develop effective models for medical applications, encompassing everything from predicting and diagnosing diseases to determining the most suitable treatment for individual patients. This literature review synthesizes findings from multiple studies that apply AI technologies such as machine learning algorithms and neural networks to electrocardiograms, echocardiography, coronary angiography, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. A narrative review of 127 articles identified 31 papers that were directly relevant to the research, encompassing a broad spectrum of AI applications in cardiology. These applications included AI models for ECG, echocardiography, coronary angiography, computed tomography, and cardiac MRI aimed at diagnosing various cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, pulmonary embolism, and valvulopathies. The papers also explored new methods for cardiovascular risk assessment, automated measurements, and optimizing treatment strategies, demonstrating the benefits of AI technologies in cardiology. In conclusion, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cardiology promises substantial advancements in diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Stefan Patrascanu
- Department of Cardiology, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 169 Splaiul Independentei St, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (O.S.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Dana Tutunaru
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Carmina Liana Musat
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Oana Maria Dragostin
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Ana Fulga
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Luiza Nechita
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Alexandru Bogdan Ciubara
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Alin Ionut Piraianu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Elena Stamate
- Department of Cardiology, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 169 Splaiul Independentei St, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (O.S.P.); (E.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Diana Gina Poalelungi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Ionut Dragostin
- Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 2 Buzaului St, 810325 Braila, Romania;
| | | | - Anamaria Ciubara
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Iuliu Fulga
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
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11
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Chu HW, Chen WJ, Liu KH, Mao JY, Harroun SG, Unnikrishnan B, Lin HJ, Ma YH, Chang HT, Huang CC. Carbonization of quercetin into nanogels: a leap in anticoagulant development. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5391-5404. [PMID: 38716492 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonoid abundantly found in onions, fruits, and vegetables, is recognized for its pharmacological potential, especially for its anticoagulant properties that work by inhibiting thrombin and coagulation factor Xa. However, its clinical application is limited due to poor water solubility and bioavailability. To address these limitations, we engineered carbonized nanogels derived from quercetin (CNGsQur) using controlled pyrolysis and polymerization techniques. This led to substantial improvements in its anticoagulation efficacy, water solubility, and biocompatibility. We generated a range of CNGsQur by subjecting quercetin to varying pyrolytic temperatures and then assessed their anticoagulation capacities both in vitro and in vivo. Coagulation metrics, including thrombin clotting time (TCT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and prothrombin time (PT), along with a rat tail bleeding assay, were utilized to gauge the efficacy. CNGsQur showed a pronounced extension of coagulation time compared to uncarbonized quercetin. Specifically, CNGsQur synthesized at 270 °C (CNGsQur270) exhibited the most significant enhancement in TCT, with a binding affinity to thrombin exceeding 400 times that of quercetin. Moreover, variants synthesized at 310 °C (CNGsQur310) and 290 °C (CNGsQur290) showed the most substantial delays in PT and aPTT, respectively. Our findings indicate that the degree of carbonization significantly influences the transformation of quercetin into various CNGsQur forms, each affecting distinct coagulation pathways. Additionally, both intravenous and oral administrations of CNGsQur were found to extend rat tail bleeding times by up to fivefold. Our studies also demonstrate that CNGsQur270 effectively delays and even prevents FeCl3-induced vascular occlusion in a dose-dependent manner in mice. Thus, controlled pyrolysis offers an innovative approach for generating quercetin-derived CNGs with enhanced anticoagulation properties and water solubility, revealing the potential for synthesizing self-functional carbonized nanomaterials from other flavonoids for diverse biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Chu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jyun Chen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
| | - Ko-Hsin Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Yi Mao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
| | - Scott G Harroun
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Binesh Unnikrishnan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
| | - Yunn-Hwa Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials and Technology Innovation, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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12
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Condori LDM, Vivas CV, Barreto YB, Gomes LF, Alencar AM, Bloise AC. Effects of Hypoxia and Reoxygenation on Metabolic Profiles of Cardiomyocytes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:969-985. [PMID: 38498099 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In vitro cellular models provide valuable insights into the adaptive biochemical mechanisms triggered by cells to cope with the stress situation induced by hypoxia and reoxygenation cycles. The first biological data generated in studies based on this micrometric life-scale has the potential to provide us a global overview about the main biochemical phenomena presented in some reported preconditioning therapies in life-scale of higher dimensions. Thus, in this study, a cell incubator was designed and manufactured to produce a cellular model of heart hypoxia followed by reoxygenation (HfR) through consecutive repetitions of hypoxia-normoxia gas exchange. Samples of cellular extracts and culture media were obtained from non-proliferative cardiomyocytes (CMs) cultivated under challenging HfR (stressed CMs) and regular cultivation (unstressed CMs) in rounds of four days for each case. Metabolomic based on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was used as an analytical approach to identify and quantify the metabolomes of these samples, the endo- and exo-metabolome. Despite the stressed CMs presented over 90% higher cellular death rate compared to the unstressed CMs, the metabolic profiles indicates that the surviving cells up-regulate their amino acid metabolism either by active protein degradation or by the consumption of culture media components to increase coenzyme A-dependent metabolic pathways. This cell auto-regulation mechanism could be well characterized in the first two days when the difference smears off under once the metabolomes become similar. The metabolic adaptations of stressed CMs identified the relevance of the cyclic oxidation/reduction reactions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate molecules, NADP+/NADPH, and the increased tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in an environment overloaded with such a powerful antioxidant agent to survive an extreme HfR challenge. Thus, the combination of cellular models based on CMs, investigative methods, such as metabolomic and 1H-MRS, and the instrumental development of hypoxia incubator shown in this work were able to provide the first biochemical evidences behind therapies of gaseous exchanges paving the way to future assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Borges Barreto
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Fisica, Rua do Matao 1371, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligia Ferreira Gomes
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Fisica, Rua do Matao 1371, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Antonio Carlos Bloise
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Fisica, Rua do Matao 1371, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Akbar N, Razzaq SS, Salim A, Haneef K. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Their MicroRNAs in Heart Repair and Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:505-522. [PMID: 37875715 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be differentiated into cardiac, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells. Therefore, MSC-based therapeutic approaches have the potential to deal with the aftermaths of cardiac diseases. However, transplanted stem cells rarely survive in damaged myocardium, proposing that paracrine factors other than trans-differentiation may involve in heart regeneration. Apart from cytokines/growth factors, MSCs secret small, single-membrane organelles named exosomes. The MSC-secreted exosomes are enriched in lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and microRNA (miRNA). There has been an increasing amount of data that confirmed that MSC-derived exosomes and their active molecule microRNA (miRNAs) regulate signaling pathways involved in heart repair/regeneration. In this review, we systematically present an overview of MSCs, their cardiac differentiation, and the role of MSC-derived exosomes and exosomal miRNAs in heart regeneration. In addition, biological functions regulated by MSC-derived exosomes and exosomal-derived miRNAs in the process of heart regeneration are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nukhba Akbar
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Saima Razzaq
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Haneef
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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14
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Deng YF, Jiang XR, Feng ZG. Comparative observation of the effectiveness and safety of remimazolam besylate versus dexmedetomidine in gastrointestinal surgery in obese patients. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:1320-1327. [PMID: 38817287 PMCID: PMC11135298 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i5.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery for obese patients carries a higher risk of anesthesia complications compared with surgery for nonobese patients. Thus, a safe and effective anesthesia strategy is necessary to improve the medical experience of such patients and ensure their safety. AIM To compared the effectiveness and safety of remimazolam besylate versus dexmedetomidine (DEX) in gastrointestinal surgery in obese patients. METHODS The study cohort included 60 obese patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery between July 2021 and April 2023, comprising 30 patients who received DEX intervention (control group) and 30 patients who received remimazolam besylate intervention (research group). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), safety (nausea and vomiting, bradycardia, hypotension, and apnea), anesthesia and examination indices [induction time, anesthesia recovery time, and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge time], sedation effect (Ramsay Sedation Scale), and postoperative pain visual analog scale were comparatively analyzed before anesthesia (T0), during anesthesia (T1), and after anesthesia (T2). RESULTS At T1, the research group showed significantly smaller changes in HR, RR, MAP, and SpO2 than the control group, with a significantly lower adverse reaction rate and shorter induction, anesthesia recovery, and PACU discharge times. Additionally, the intra- and postoperative Ramsay Sedation Scale scores were statistically higher in the research group than in the control group. CONCLUSION Remimazolam besylate was significantly more effective than DEX in gastrointestinal surgery in obese patients and had a higher safety profile and value in clinical promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fu Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xue-Run Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zeng-Guang Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, Hunan Province, China
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15
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da Silva IGR, Miglino MA, de Souza SS, Buchaim DV, Buchaim RL. Evaluation of Different Decellularization Protocols for Obtaining and Characterizing Canine Cardiac Extracellular Matrix. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1190. [PMID: 38927398 PMCID: PMC11200447 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are considered the leading cause of mortality globally; even with low mortality in dogs, such diseases are described in the same way in companion animals and humans. This study aimed to devise an effective decellularization protocol for the canine myocardium through the association of physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods, assessing resultant alterations in the myocardial extracellular matrix to obtain a suitable scaffold. Two canine hearts were collected; the samples were sectioned into ±1 cm2 fragments, washed in distilled water and 1× PBS solution, and followed by treatment under four distinct decellularization protocols. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) 1% 7 days + Triton X-100 1% for 48 h (Protocol I); Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) 1% 5 days + Triton X-100 1% for 48 h (Protocol II); Trypsin 0.05% for 1 h at 36 °C + freezing -80 °C overnight + Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) 1% for 3 days, Triton-X-100 for 48 h hours (Protocol III); 0.05% trypsin for 1 h at 36 °C + freezing at -80 °C overnight + 1% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) for 2 days + 1% Triton-X-100 for 24 h (Protocol IV). After analysis, Protocols I and II showed the removal of cellular content and preservation of extracellular matrix (ECM) contents, unlike Protocols III and IV, which retracted the ECM and removed essential elements of the matrix. In theory, although Protocols I and II have similar results, Protocol II stands out for the preservation of the architecture and components of the extracellular matrix, along with reduced exposure time to reagents, making it the recommended protocol for the development of a canine myocardial scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Gabriela Rodrigues da Silva
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (I.G.R.d.S.); (M.A.M.); (D.V.B.)
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (I.G.R.d.S.); (M.A.M.); (D.V.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Production and Environment, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Samara Silva de Souza
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC), Federal Technological University of Parana (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, Dois Vizinhos 85660-000, Brazil;
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (I.G.R.d.S.); (M.A.M.); (D.V.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
- Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (I.G.R.d.S.); (M.A.M.); (D.V.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB-USP), University of Sao Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
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16
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Tan C, Li Y, Wang K, Lin Y, Chen Y, Zheng X. Causal roles and clinical utility of cardiovascular proteins in colorectal cancer risk: a multi-modal study integrating mendelian randomization, expression profiling, and survival analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:138. [PMID: 38778378 PMCID: PMC11110250 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This comprehensive investigation delved into the intricate causal interplay existing between cardiovascular-related plasma proteins and the susceptibility to colorectal cancer, leveraging the robust framework of Mendelian randomization, and employed expression profiling and survival analysis to unravel the latent clinical worth embedded within pertinent gene expressions. METHODS Protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) of 85 cardiovascular proteins were employed as instrumental variables to investigate the causal relationship between proteins and CRC risk using a Mendelian randomization approach. Causal inferences were graded as strong, intermediate or weak based on statistical checks. Drug-target MR examined VEGF receptors for their potential as therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. Differential expression analysis, diagnostic ROC curves, and survival analyses were performed for identified proteins using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colorectal cancer cohort. RESULTS Using cis-pQTLs, LOX-1, VEGF-A and OPG were associated with increased CRC risk (strong evidence), while PTX3, TNF-R2 and MMP-7 were protective (strong evidence). Pan-pQTL analysis found MMP-10 increased risk (intermediate evidence) and ADM increased risk (weak evidence). Drug-target MR found VEGF R1 may be promising therapeutic targets. Differential expression analysis revealed seven genes encoding the identified proteins were dysregulated in tumors. ROC analysis showed five gene expression had high diagnostic accuracy. KM analysis showed four genes had prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS This large-scale MR study implicates several cardiovascular proteins in CRC susceptibility and progression. Findings highlight roles for VEGF signaling and extracellular matrix regulation. Results nominate specific proteins as potential diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlei Tan
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Li
- General Practice Department at the Second Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 318 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Kexin Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lin
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xuebao Zheng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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17
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Udriște AS, Burdușel AC, Niculescu AG, Rădulescu M, Balaure PC, Grumezescu AM. Organic Nanoparticles in Progressing Cardiovascular Disease Treatment and Diagnosis. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1421. [PMID: 38794614 PMCID: PMC11125450 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the world's most prominent cause of mortality, continue to be challenging conditions for patients, physicians, and researchers alike. CVDs comprise a wide range of illnesses affecting the heart, blood vessels, and the blood that flows through and between them. Advances in nanomedicine, a discipline focused on improving patient outcomes through revolutionary treatments, imaging agents, and ex vivo diagnostics, have created enthusiasm for overcoming limitations in CVDs' therapeutic and diagnostic landscapes. Nanomedicine can be involved in clinical purposes for CVD through the augmentation of cardiac or heart-related biomaterials, which can be functionally, mechanically, immunologically, and electrically improved by incorporating nanomaterials; vasculature applications, which involve systemically injected nanotherapeutics and imaging nanodiagnostics, nano-enabled biomaterials, or tissue-nanoengineered solutions; and enhancement of sensitivity and/or specificity of ex vivo diagnostic devices for patient samples. Therefore, this review discusses the latest studies based on applying organic nanoparticles in cardiovascular illness, including drug-conjugated polymers, lipid nanoparticles, and micelles. Following the revised information, it can be concluded that organic nanoparticles may be the most appropriate type of treatment for cardiovascular diseases due to their biocompatibility and capacity to integrate various drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Scafa Udriște
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Cristina Burdușel
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-G.N.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-G.N.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Rădulescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Paul Cătălin Balaure
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-G.N.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
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18
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Tarabeih N, Kalinkovich A, Ashkenazi S, Cherny SS, Shalata A, Livshits G. Analysis of the Associations of Measurements of Body Composition and Inflammatory Factors with Cardiovascular Disease and Its Comorbidities in a Community-Based Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1066. [PMID: 38791028 PMCID: PMC11117926 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The associations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with comorbidities and biochemical and body composition measurements are repeatedly described but have not been studied simultaneously. In the present cross-sectional study, information on CVD and comorbidities [type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia (HDL)], body composition, levels of soluble markers, and other measures were collected from 1079 individuals. When we examined the association of each comorbidity and CVD, controlling for other comorbidities, we observed a clear pattern of the comorbidity-related specific associations with tested covariates. For example, T2DM was significantly associated with GDF-15 levels and the leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio independently of two other comorbidities; HTN, similarly, was independently associated with extracellular water (ECW) levels, L/A ratio, and age; and HDL was independently related to age only. CVD showed very strong independent associations with each of the comorbidities, being associated most strongly with HTN (OR = 10.89, 6.46-18.38) but also with HDL (2.49, 1.43-4.33) and T2DM (1.93, 1.12-3.33). An additive Bayesian network analysis suggests that all three comorbidities, particularly HTN, GDF-15 levels, and ECW content, likely have a main role in the risk of CVD development. Other factors, L/A ratio, lymphocyte count, and the systemic inflammation response index, are likely indirectly related to CVD, acting through the comorbidities and ECW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tarabeih
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Stacey S. Cherny
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Adel Shalata
- The Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
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Kalantri S, Vora A. Eutectic solutions for healing: a comprehensive review on therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (TheDES). Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:387-400. [PMID: 38634708 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2345131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TheDES are formed by mixing a Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD) and a Hydrogen Bond Acceptor (HBA) in appropriate molar ratios. These solvents have been shown to enhance drug solubility, permeability, and delivery. The main objective of the present article is to review these advantages of TheDES. SIGNIFICANCE TheDES show unique properties, such as low toxicity, biodegradability, improved bioavailability and enhanced drug delivery of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients. They are also biocompatible in nature which makes them a promising candidate for various therapeutic applications, including drug formulations, drug delivery and other biomedical uses. The development and utilization of TheDES shows significant advancement in pharmaceutical research, providing new opportunities for improving drug delivery. METHODS The current study was carried out by conducting a systematic literature review that identified relevant papers from indexed databases. Numerous studies and research are cited and quoted in this article to demonstrate the effectiveness of TheDES in enhancing drug solubility, permeability, and delivery. All chosen articles were selected considering their significance, quality, and approach to addressing issues. RESULT As a result, various TheDES were identified that can be formulated in different ways: one component can act as a vehicle for an API, either HBD or HBA can be an API, both HBD and HBA can be APIs, or the individual components of DES are not therapeutically active but the resulting DES possesses therapeutic activity. Additionally, TheDES were also recognized to enhance drug delivery and solubility for different APIs, including NSAIDs, anesthetic drugs, antifungals, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Kalantri
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Amisha Vora
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
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20
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Zhang Z, Lv T, Wang X, Wu M, Zhang R, Yang X, Fu Y, Liu Z. Role of the microbiota-gut-heart axis between bile acids and cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116567. [PMID: 38583340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) receptors (e.g., farnesoid X-activated receptor, muscarinic receptor) are expressed in cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, indicating the relevance of BAs to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hydrophobic BAs are cardiotoxic, while hydrophilic BAs are cardioprotective. For example, fetal cardiac insufficiency in maternal intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy, and the degree of fetal cardiac abnormality, is closely related to the level of hydrophobic BAs in maternal blood and infant blood. However, ursodeoxycholic acid (the most hydrophilic BA) can reverse/prevent these detrimental effects of increased levels of hydrophobic BAs on the heart. The gut microbiota (GM) and GM metabolites (especially secondary BAs) have crucial roles in hypertension, atherosclerosis, unstable angina, and heart failure. Herein, we describe the relationship between CVD and the GM at the BA level. We combine the concept of the "microbiota-gut-heart axis" (MGHA) and postulate the role and mechanism of BAs in CVD development. In addition, the strategies for treating CVD with BAs under the MGHA are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tingting Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Menglu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ruolin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yongping Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China.
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21
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Khazdair MR, Moshtagh M, Anaeigoudari A, Jafari S, Kazemi T. Protective effects of carvacrol on lipid profiles, oxidative stress, hypertension, and cardiac dysfunction - A comprehensive review. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3137-3149. [PMID: 38726397 PMCID: PMC11077248 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a class of illnesses that affect the heart or blood vessels, leading to the most common causes of death worldwide. In 2017, CVD caused approximately 17.8 million deaths that were increased approximately to 20.5 million deaths in 2021, globally. Also, nearly 80% of worldwide CVD deaths occur in some countries. Some herbs and their constituents due to their several pharmacological activities have been used for medicinal purposes. Carvacrol is a phenolic mono-terpenoid found in the oils of aromatic herbs with several biological properties. The possible therapeutic effects of carvacrol on lipid profiles, oxidative stress, hypertension, and cardiac dysfunction were summarized in the current study. The data from this review article were obtained by searching the terms including; "Carvacrol", "Hypertension", Hypotensive, "Cardiac dysfunction", "Ischemia", "Lipid profile", and Oxidative stress in several web databases such as Web of Sciences, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar, until November 2023. The results of the reviewed studies revealed that carvacrol inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and alters lipid profiles, reducing heart rate as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). Carvacrol also decreased the proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β), while increasing secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Moreover, carvacrol improved oxidative stress and mitigated the number of apoptotic cells. The pharmacological effects of carvacrol on CVD might be through its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. The mentioned therapeutic effects of carvacrol on lipid profile, hypertension, and cardiac dysfunction indicate the possible remedy effect of carvacrol for the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Mozhgan Moshtagh
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineJiroft University of Medical SciencesJiroftIran
| | - Shima Jafari
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of PharmacyBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Toba Kazemi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
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22
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Tominaga Y, Kobayashi T, Matsumoto Y, Moriwake T, Oshima Y, Okumura M, Horii S, Sadahira T, Katayama S, Iwata T, Nishimura S, Bekku K, Edamura K, Sugimoto M, Kobayashi Y, Watanabe M, Namba Y, Matsumoto Y, Nakatsuka M, Araki M. Trans men can achieve adequate muscular development through low-dose testosterone therapy: A long-term study on body composition changes. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 38563871 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgender individuals undergo the gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) to achieve physical changes consistent with their gender identity. Few studies are available on the long-term safety and efficacy of GAHT. OBJECTIVES To investigate the long-term physical effects and the safety of the testosterone therapy for trans men and to assess the impact of differential hormone dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS Trans men who initiated GAHT between May 2000 and December 2021 were included in this retrospective analysis. Physical findings (body mass index, body fat percentage (BFP), lean body mass (LBM), and grip strength), blood testing results (hemoglobin, hematocrit, uric acid, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and total testosterone), and menstrual cessation were recorded. We assessed the effects of testosterone on body composition changes and laboratory parameters, comparing a low-dose group (≤ 62.5 mg/wk) to a high-dose group (> 62.5 mg/wk). RESULTS Of 291 participants, 188 patients (64.6%) were in the low-dose group and 103 (35.4%) in the high-dose group. Cumulative menstrual cessation rates up to 12 months were not significantly different between groups. Both groups showed a decrease in BFP and an increase in LBM during the first year of therapy, followed by a slight increase in both over the long term. The high-dose group exhibited greater LBM gains during the first year. Higher hormone doses and lower initial LBM values were associated with LBM increases at 3 and 6 months (3 mo, P = 0.006, P < 0.001; 6 mo, P = 0.015, P < 0.001). There were no long-term, dose-dependent side effects such as polycythemia or dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION Long-term GAHT for trans men is safe and effective. Low-dose testosterone administration is sufficient to increase LBM in trans men. Higher testosterone doses can lead to an earlier increase in muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tominaga
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Good Life Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Moriwake
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oshima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Misa Okumura
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Horii
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Sadahira
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Katayama
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Iwata
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shingo Nishimura
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kensuke Bekku
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kohei Edamura
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Morito Sugimoto
- Department of Urology, Onomichi Municipal Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuzaburo Namba
- Gender Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Mikiya Nakatsuka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Cao HL, Meng YJ, Zhang YM, Deng W, Guo WJ, Li ML, Li T. The volume of gray matter mediates the relationship between glucolipid metabolism and neurocognition in first-episode, drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:402-410. [PMID: 38458112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the hypotheses that glucolipid metabolism is linked to neurocognition and gray matter volume (GMV) and that GMV mediates the association of glucolipid metabolism with neurocognition in first-episode, drug-naïve (FEDN) patients with schizophrenia. Parameters of glucolipid metabolism, neurocognition, and magnetic resonance imaging were assessed in 63 patients and 31 controls. Compared to controls, patients exhibited higher levels of fasting glucose, triglyceride, and insulin resistance index, lower levels of cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, poorer neurocognitive functions, and decreased GMV in the bilateral insula, left middle occipital gyrus, and left postcentral gyrus. In the patient group, triglyceride levels and the insulin resistance index exhibited a negative correlation with Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP) mean latency, a measure of attention within the Cambridge Neurocognitive Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), while showing a positive association with GMV in the right insula. The mediation model revealed that triglyceride and insulin resistance index had a significant positive indirect (mediated) influence on RVP mean latency through GMV in the right insula. Glucolipid metabolism was linked to both neurocognitive functions and GMV in FEDN patients with schizophrenia, with the effect pattern differing from that observed in chronic schizophrenia or schizophrenia comorbid with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, glucolipid metabolism might indirectly contribute to neurocognitive deficits through the mediating role of GMV in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Cao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Jing Meng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Min Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Jun Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Li Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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24
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Hong F, Liu F, Li Y, Liu P. Evaluating a technologically enhanced rehabilitation programme for wound healing in patients with coronary heart disease. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14568. [PMID: 38124400 PMCID: PMC10961874 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing symptoms in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) are frequently problematic, potentially resulting in complications. In order to tackle this concern, a state-of-the-art rehabilitation programme was created, which incorporated telehealth, virtual reality and robotics in an effort to optimize wound healing in patients with coronary heart disease. The purpose of this research was to assess the efficacy of a rehabilitation programme that utilized cutting-edge technology in enhancing the outcomes of wound recovery for individuals diagnosed with (CHD). Data from 120 CHD patients who participated in this longitudinal randomized controlled trial of a specialized rehabilitation programme intended to promote wound repair were utilized in a cross-sectional analysis. Anthropometric measurements, sociodemographical factors, exercise capacity and the progression of wound recovery were gathered as data. The research participants were primarily comprised of older males from various socioeconomic backgrounds. Age, gender, BMI, socio-educational orientation, physical activity, identified regulation and identified regulation were all significant determinants of wound healing. The significance of customized strategies in cardiac rehabilitation programmes that aim to achieve favourable wound healing outcomes is underscored by these results. In conclusion, this study emphasized the importance of incorporating unique patient attributes when designing technologically advanced rehabilitation protocols aimed at facilitating wound recovery in patients with coronary heart disease. Personalized interventions that consider these variables could potentially result in improved outcomes for wound healing among this particular group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Hong
- School of NursingTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineThe Second Affiliated hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yan Li
- School of NursingTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Pengxi Liu
- School of NursingTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
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25
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Ilango P, Mahendra J, Mahendra L, Cherian SM, Suresh V, Mahalingam A, Khanna VV, Vummidi AV, Thanigaimalai A, Dave PH. Evidence linking the association of periodontal viruses and pentraxins in periodontitis patients with coronary artery disease. J Periodontol 2024; 95:325-336. [PMID: 37483128 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is ample evidence in the literature supporting a significant positive association between key periodontal pathogens and established inflammatory markers of periodontitis and coronary artery disease (CAD), their exact role remain unclear. Especially, the role of viruses in the etiology and specific biomarkers have not been validated. Thus, the current study aims to evaluate the role of periodontal viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV), as well as the inflammatory marker pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and to analyze their association with CAD. METHODS The study included 240 patients divided into four groups of 60 patients each: nonperiodontitis + noncardiac (NP+NC) group, periodontitis + noncardiac patients (P+NC) group, nonperiodontitis + cardiac patients (NP+C) group, and periodontitis + cardiac (P+C) group. The cardiac surgery group (C-S) was a subgroup of NP+C and P+C. It consisted of 60 patients from the abovementioned two cardiac groups in whom coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) was indicated. Demographic variables, cardiac parameters, and periodontal parameters were recorded. The viruses (EBV, CMV, and HSV) and the inflammatory marker PTX3 were evaluated in the subgingival plaque samples of all the four groups and atheromatous plaque samples of the C-S using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively, and were compared between the groups. The results were obtained and statistically analyzed. RESULTS The demographic variables did not differ significantly between the groups, except for age. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, and random blood sugar were significantly higher in NP+C and P+C, whereas high-density lipoprotein was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the same. Plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in P+NC and P+C. PTX were significantly elevated in P+C among the four groups. On evaluating the subgingival plaque samples, EBV and CMV were significantly higher in the two periodontitis groups P+NC and P+C (p = 0.000). HSV was significantly higher in the two cardiac groups (NP+C and P+C) (p ≤ 0.05). Cardiac EBV and CMV were significantly elevated in the P+C group with a p value of 0.004 and 0.033, respectively. Cardiac HSV was found in the NP+C group with statistical insignificance (p = 0.410) between the groups. On correlation, oral PTX were significantly associated with bleeding index (BI), PPD, and CAL (p = 0.000). Similarly, cardiac PTX showed significant association with PI, BI, PPD, and CAL (p = 0.000). Oral and cardiac PTX also showed significant correlation with each other. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between CAL and oral EBV (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, cardiac EBV showed a significant association with CAL and oral EBV (p ≤ 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis also revealed that both cardiac and oral PTX showed a significant association only with oral EBV, CMV, and HSV. CONCLUSION The results of the current study suggest that the clinical severity of periodontitis (CAL), etiology of periodontitis (EBV and CMV), and inflammatory marker of periodontitis (PTX3) were found to be significantly elevated in CAD. These findings suggests that periodontal diseases may be a risk factor that could influence the progression of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paavai Ilango
- Department of Periodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Little Mahendra
- Department of Periodontics, Maktoum bin Hamdan Dental University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sanjay M Cherian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Vasugi Suresh
- Department of Physiology, Indira Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Arulpari Mahalingam
- Department of Pedodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - V Vinoth Khanna
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Vepery, Chennai, India
| | - Ayswarya V Vummidi
- Department of Periodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Abirami Thanigaimalai
- Department of Periodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Pavithra H Dave
- Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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26
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Kratky V, Valerianova A, Hruskova Z, Tesar V, Malik J. Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Young Patients with CKD and the Role of Lipid-Lowering Therapy. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:103-109. [PMID: 38289577 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review summarizes known risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, and current therapeutic possibilities, focusing on lipid-lowering therapy in CKD. RECENT FINDINGS Novel data on lipid-lowering therapy in CKD mainly stem from clinical trials and clinical studies. In addition to traditional CVD risk factors, patients with CKD often present with non-traditional risk factors that include, e.g., anemia, proteinuria, or calcium-phosphate imbalance. Dyslipidemia remains an important contributing CVD risk factor in CKD, although the mechanisms involved differ from the general population. While statins are the most commonly used lipid-lowering therapy in CKD patients, some statins may require dose reduction. Importantly, statins showed diminished beneficial effect on cardiovascular events in patients with severe CKD and hypercholesterolemia despite high CVD risk and effective reduction of LDL cholesterol. Ezetimibe enables the reduction of the dose of statins and their putative toxicity and, in combination with statins, reduces CVD endpoints in CKD patients. The use of novel drugs such as PCSK9 inhibitors is safe in CKD, but their potential to reduce cardiovascular events in CKD needs to be elucidated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Kratky
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Valerianova
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 499/2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Hruskova
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Tesar
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malik
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 499/2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
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27
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Dankar R, Wehbi J, Refaat MM. Tailoring Treatment in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Targeted Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:461. [PMID: 38675122 PMCID: PMC11054164 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. To address this public health burden, innovative therapeutic agents are being developed to specifically target molecular and genetic markers. Various therapeutic modalities have been implemented, including vaccines, monoclonal or bispecific antibodies, and gene-based therapies. Such drugs precisely target the underlying disease pathophysiology, aiming at notable molecules such as lipid metabolism regulators, proinflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. This review focuses on the latest advancements in different targeted therapies. It provides an insightful overview of the current landscape of targeted cardiovascular therapies, highlighting promising strategies with potential to transform the treatment of CVDs into an era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Dankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (R.D.); (J.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Jad Wehbi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (R.D.); (J.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Marwan M. Refaat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (R.D.); (J.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
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28
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Wu D, Xiong F, Ran Q, Liu J, Wu Q, Wang L, Lv W. Mendelian randomization of chronic hepatitis B and cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1332557. [PMID: 38559670 PMCID: PMC10978653 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1332557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence from observational studies suggests that chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, results have been inconsistent and causality remains to be established. We utilized two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate potential causal associations between CHB and CVD, including atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and ischemic stroke. Methods The analysis was conducted through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), considering chronic hepatitis B as the exposure and cardiovascular disease as the endpoint. The primary method for evaluating causality in this analysis was the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) technique. Additionally, we employed the weighted median, MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, and simple mode methods for supplementary analyses. Finally, heterogeneity tests, sensitivity analyses, and multiple effects analyses were conducted. Results In a random-effects IVW analysis, we found that genetic susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B was associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis [OR = 1.048, 95% CI (1.022-1.075), P = 3.08E-04], as well as an increased risk of coronary heart disease [OR = 1.039, 95% CI (1.006-1.072), P = 0.020]. However, it was found to be inversely correlated with ischemic stroke risk [OR = 0.972, 95% CI (0.957-0.988), P = 4.13E-04]. There was no evidence that chronic hepatitis B was associated with hypertension [OR = 1.021, 95% CI (0.994-1.049), P = 0.121]. Conclusion Our research indicates that chronic hepatitis B has a correlation with an elevated risk of developing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, while it is associated with a decreased risk of experiencing an ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feiyang Xiong
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingzhi Ran
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjuan Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Beijing Century Forum Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenliang Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rashidi F, Mohammadzadeh M, Abdolmaleki A, Asadi A, Sheikhlou M. Acellular carotid scaffold and evaluation the biological and biomechanical properties for tissue engineering. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2024; 16:28-37. [PMID: 38584661 PMCID: PMC10997974 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.32899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The issues associated with the limitation of appropriate autologous vessels for vascular reconstruction via bypass surgery highlight the need for new alternative strategies based on tissue engineering. The present study aimed to prepare decellularized scaffolds from ovine carotid using chemical decellularization method. Methods Ovine carotid were decellularized with Triton X-100 and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) at 37 °C. Histological analysis, biochemical tests, biomechanical assay and biocompatibility assay were used to investigate the efficacy of decellularization. Results Decellularization method could successfully decellularize ovine carotid without leaving any cell remnants. Scaffolds showed minimal destruction of the three-dimensional structure and extracellular matrix, as well as adequate mechanical resistance and biocompatibility for cell growth and proliferation. Conclusion Prepared acellular scaffold exhibited the necessary characteristics for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farina Rashidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Arash Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran
| | - Asadollah Asadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Sheikhlou
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran
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Lippi G, Favaloro EJ. Pearls and Pitfalls in the Measurement of Direct Oral Anticoagulants. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024. [PMID: 38458228 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Due to their widespread use, testing for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has become urgent in certain clinical situations. Screening based on widely available, rapid, and simple hemostasis assays such as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, or even diluted Russel Viper venom time may provide sufficient evidence of "over-coagulation" and could be used "in small/peripheral/spoke laboratories" as an emergency strategy, but is not thought to be reliable for driving clinical decision making. Given their good correlation with plasma concentration, urine dipsticks may be considered a valuable alternative for emergency screening, although their performance is dependent on renal function, may vary depending on the time since the last urination, and there may be problems of interfacing with the laboratory/hospital information system. Separation methods based on liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry may be clinically questionable, since they measure the concentration rather than the actual inhibitory effect of DOACs, are relatively expensive, cumbersome and time consuming, and therefore seem unsuitable for most conditions requiring urgent clinical decision making. A proposed approach therefore involves establishing a network of routine clinical laboratories, designating a reference center where DOAC tests could be available 24/7, establishing a clear diagnostic care pathway for ordering the tests from the laboratory and standard operating procedures for performing them, the use of the diluted thrombin time for dabigatran and anti-FXa assays (drug-calibrated) for rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, as well as providing expert advice throughout the testing process, from ordering to interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emmanuel J Favaloro
- Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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31
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Keenan BT, Magalang UJ, Maislin G. Pro: Comparing adherent to non-adherent patients can provide useful estimates of the effect of CPAP on cardiovascular outcomes. Sleep 2024:zsae064. [PMID: 38452013 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T Keenan
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ulysses J Magalang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Greg Maislin
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zhang Z, Ding Z, Chen F, Hua R, Wu J, Shen Z, Shi F, Xu X. Quantitative Analysis of Multimodal MRI Markers and Clinical Risk Factors for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Based on Deep Learning. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:739-750. [PMID: 38463439 PMCID: PMC10923240 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s446531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral small vessel disease lacks specific clinical manifestations, and extraction of valuable features from multimodal images is expected to improve its diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we used deep learning techniques to segment cerebral small vessel disease imaging markers in multimodal magnetic resonance images and analyze them with clinical risk factors. Methods and results We recruited 211 lacunar stroke patients and 83 control patients. The patients' cerebral small vessel disease markers were automatically segmented using a V-shaped bottleneck network, and the number and volume were calculated after manual correction. The segmentation results of the V-shaped bottleneck network for white matter hyperintensity and recent small subcortical infarction were in high agreement with the ground truth (DSC>0.90). In small lesion segmentation, cerebral microbleed (average recall=0.778; average precision=0.758) and perivascular spaces (average recall=0.953; average precision=0.923) were superior to lacunar infarct (average recall=0.339; average precision=0.432) in recall and precision. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, systolic blood pressure, and total cerebral small vessel disease load score were independent risk factors for lacunar stroke (P<0.05). Ordered logistic regression analysis showed age was positively correlated with cerebral small vessel disease load score and total cholesterol was negatively correlated with cerebral small vessel disease score (P<0.05). Conclusion Lacunar stroke patients exhibited higher cerebral small vessel disease imaging markers, and age, systolic blood pressure, and total cerebral small vessel disease score were independent risk factors for lacunar stroke patients. V-shaped bottleneck network segmentation network based on multimodal deep learning can segment and quantify various cerebral small vessel disease lesions to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongxiang Ding
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fenyang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Hua
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Wu
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhefan Shen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Hsu CY, Alzahrani AA, Maabreh HG, Prasad KDV, Bokov DO, Kareem AH, Alawadi A, Ihsan A, Shakir MN, Alasheqi MQ. Effect of walnut consumption on markers of endothelial function in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1358-1366. [PMID: 38200617 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Findings on the effect of walnut consumption on endothelial function are conflicting. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis summarized available trials in this regard. A systematic search was performed in online databases including PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science up to October 2023. Articles that reported the effect of walnut intake on flow-mediated dilation (FMD), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and stimulus-adjusted response measure (SARM) were included. Random effects models for a weighted mean difference (WMD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to test for the overall effect. Six eligible trials were analyzed (250 participants). Walnut intake significantly increased FMD (WMD: 0.94%, 95% CI: 0.12 to 1.75; p = 0.02). However, meta-analysis could not show any beneficial effect of walnut intake on ICAM-1 (SMD: -0.23, 95% CI: -0.68 to 0.22; p = 0.31), VCAM-1 (SMD: -0.02, 95% CI: -1.38 to 1.34; p = 0.97), and SARM (WMD: 0.01%, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.04; p = 0.28). In conclusion, the present meta-analysis suggests that walnuts may reduce cardiovascular disease risk by improving FMD. However, further studies should be performed on adults to determine the effect of walnut intake on endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Yi Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - K D V Prasad
- Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Hyderabad, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Dmitry O Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Ihsan
- Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Maha Noori Shakir
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
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Cai Y, Zhong X, Mo L, Huang R, Lin Q, Liu C, Zhang S. Evaluating the causal effect of atherosclerosis on the risk of intervertebral disc degeneration. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1319. [PMID: 38444947 PMCID: PMC10912790 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and atherosclerosis are two common age-related conditions that can cause significant morbidity. While previous studies have suggested an association between the two conditions, the nature of this association remains unclear. Methods We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between IDD and atherosclerosis. We identified genetic variants associated with IDD using summary statistics from a large genome-wide association study (GWAS). These variants were then used as instrumental variables to infer causal relationships with atherosclerosis in summary statistics from a separate GWAS. Results Our MR analysis provided evidence for a causal relationship between IDD and atherosclerosis. We found that the genetic predisposition to atherosclerosis was associated with a higher risk of IDD (odds ratio [OR] = 3.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-11.74, p = 0.04). The IVW estimates were consistent with the observational findings and other robust MR methods. Sensitivity analyses suggested that our findings were robust to potential sources of bias. Conclusions Our study provides evidence for a causal link between IDD and atherosclerosis, suggesting that interventions targeting atherosclerosis could have potential benefits for reducing the risk of IDD. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms that link these two conditions and to investigate potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang‐Ting Cai
- Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics & Traumatology of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xian‐Xing Zhong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics & Traumatology of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ling Mo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics & Traumatology of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Rui‐Ze Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Cai‐Jun Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics & Traumatology of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shun‐Cong Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
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Pedramrazi S, Mohammadabadi A, Rooddehghan Z, Haghani S. Effectiveness of Peer-Based and Conventional Video Education in Reducing Perioperative Depression and Anxiety Among Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Perianesth Nurs 2024:S1089-9472(23)01067-5. [PMID: 38416103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Depression and anxiety are common comorbidities in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), with potential adverse effects on surgical outcomes. Effective interventions to reduce depression and anxiety in these patients are therefore warranted. This study investigated the effectiveness of peer-based video education compared to conventional video education in reducing perioperative depression and anxiety in CABG patients. DESIGN A three-arm, parallel, randomized, controlled trial design was employed. METHODS A total of 114 participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups (n = 38 per group): standard education (control), conventional video education, and peer-based video education. State anxiety levels were measured using the Spielberger State Anxiety Questionnaire at 1 day before surgery (baseline), 1 hour before surgery, and 4 weeks after surgery. Depression levels were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory Short-Form at baseline and 4 weeks after surgery. Statistical analyses, including χ2, Fisher's exact test, one-way analysis of variance, and repeated-measures analysis of variance, were applied to analyze the collected data. FINDINGS Both peer-based and conventional video education groups demonstrated lower preoperative anxiety levels compared to the control group. However, only the peer-based video education group exhibited a statistically significant difference (P < .05). Four weeks after surgery, anxiety and depression levels decreased in all participants compared to baseline, with no statistically significant differences among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that peer-based video education is more effective in controlling preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing CABG than conventional video education and standard education. Moreover, video-based education, whether conventional or peer-based, appears to be as effective as standard education in reducing anxiety and depression 4 weeks after CABG surgery. Further research is warranted to investigate the influence of content and presentation methods on patient outcomes and explore the potential long-term benefits of video-based education in promoting patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadan Pedramrazi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadabadi
- Nursing Care Research Center, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Rooddehghan
- Nursing Care Research Center, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Haghani
- Nursing Care Research Center, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Azdaki N, Salmani F, Kazemi T, Partovi N, Bizhaem SK, Moghadam MN, Moniri Y, Zarepur E, Mohammadifard N, Alikhasi H, Nouri F, Sarrafzadegan N, Moezi SA, Khazdair MR. Which risk factor best predicts coronary artery disease using artificial neural network method? BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2024; 24:52. [PMID: 38355522 PMCID: PMC10868036 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-024-02442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is recognized as the leading cause of death worldwide. This study analyses CAD risk factors using an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict CAD. METHODS The research data were obtained from a multi-center study, namely the Iran-premature coronary artery disease (I-PAD). The current study used the medical records of 415 patients with CAD hospitalized in Razi Hospital, Birjand, Iran, between May 2016 and June 2019. A total of 43 variables that affect CAD were selected, and the relevant data was extracted. Once the data were cleaned and normalized, they were imported into SPSS (V26) for analysis. The present study used the ANN technique. RESULTS The study revealed that 48% of the study population had a history of CAD, including 9.4% with premature CAD and 38.8% with CAD. The variables of age, sex, occupation, smoking, opium use, pesticide exposure, anxiety, sexual activity, and high fasting blood sugar were found to be significantly different among the three groups of CAD, premature CAD, and non-CAD individuals. The neural network achieved success with five hidden fitted layers and an accuracy of 81% in non-CAD diagnosis, 79% in premature diagnosis, and 78% in CAD diagnosis. Anxiety, acceptance, eduction and gender were the four most important factors in the ANN model. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows that anxiety is a high-prevalence risk factor for CAD in the hospitalized population. There is a need to implement measures to increase awareness about the psychological factors that can be managed in individuals at high risk for future CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Azdaki
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Toba Kazemi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Neda Partovi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeede Khosravi Bizhaem
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Masomeh Noori Moghadam
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Yoones Moniri
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zarepur
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hassan Alikhasi
- Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Moezi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Lu C, Donners MMPC, de Baaij JBJ, Jin H, Otten JJT, Manca M, van Zonneveld AJ, Jukema JW, Kraaijeveld A, Kuiper J, Pasterkamp G, Mees B, Sluimer JC, Cavill R, Karel JMH, Goossens P, Biessen EAL. Identification of a gene network driving the attenuated response to lipopolysaccharide of monocytes from hypertensive coronary artery disease patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1286382. [PMID: 38410507 PMCID: PMC10894924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1286382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, encompassing various biological determinants and unhealthy lifestyles, on the functional dynamics of circulating monocytes-a pivotal cell type in CVD pathophysiology remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the influence of CVD risk factors on monocyte transcriptional responses to an infectious stimulus. Methods We conducted a comparative analysis of monocyte gene expression profiles from the CTMM - CIRCULATING CELLS Cohort of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, at baseline and after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Gene co-expression analysis was used to identify gene modules and their correlations with CVD risk factors, while pivotal transcription factors controlling the hub genes in these modules were identified by regulatory network analyses. The identified gene module was subjected to a drug repurposing screen, utilizing the LINCS L1000 database. Results Monocyte responsiveness to LPS showed a highly significant, negative correlation with blood pressure levels (ρ< -0.4; P<10-80). We identified a ZNF12/ZBTB43-driven gene module closely linked to diastolic blood pressure, suggesting that monocyte responses to infectious stimuli, such as LPS, are attenuated in CAD patients with elevated diastolic blood pressure. This attenuation appears associated with a dampening of the LPS-induced suppression of oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, we identified the serine-threonine inhibitor MW-STK33-97 as a drug candidate capable of reversing this aberrant LPS response. Conclusions Monocyte responses to infectious stimuli may be hampered in CAD patients with high diastolic blood pressure and this attenuated inflammatory response may be reversed by the serine-threonine inhibitor MW-STK33-97. Whether the identified gene module is a mere indicator of, or causal factor in diastolic blood pressure and the associated dampened LPS responses remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lu
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marjo M P C Donners
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Julius B J de Baaij
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Han Jin
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeroen J T Otten
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Kraaijeveld
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Barend Mees
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (CVS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Cavill
- Department of Advanced Computing Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Joël M H Karel
- Department of Advanced Computing Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter Goossens
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Klinikum RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Min Q, Wu Z, Yao J, Wang S, Duan L, Liu S, Zhang M, Luo Y, Ye D, Huang Y, Chen L, Xu K, Zhou J. Association between atherogenic index of plasma control level and incident cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:54. [PMID: 38331798 PMCID: PMC10854096 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in participants with abnormal glucose metabolism have been linked in previous studies. However, it was unclear whether AIP control level affects the further CVD incidence among with diabetes and pre-diabetes. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the association between AIP control level with risk of CVD in individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism. METHODS Participants with abnormal glucose metabolism were included from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. CVD was defined as self-reporting heart disease and/or stroke. Using k-means clustering analysis, AIP control level, which was the log-transformed ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in molar concentration, was divided into five classes. The association between AIP control level and incident CVD among individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism was investigated multivariable logistic regression analysis and application of restricted cubic spline analysis. RESULTS 398 (14.97%) of 2,659 participants eventually progressed to CVD within 3 years. After adjusting for various confounding factors, comparing to class 1 with the best control of the AIP, the OR for class 2 with good control was 1.31 (95% CI, 0.90-1.90), the OR for class 3 with moderate control was 1.38 (95% CI, 0.99-1.93), the OR for class 4 with worse control was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.01-2.10), and the OR for class 5 with consistently high levels was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.03-2.37). In restricted cubic spline regression, the relationship between cumulative AIP index and CVD is linear. Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that the similar results were observed in the individuals with agricultural Hukou, history of smoking, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80mmHg, and normal body mass index. In addition, there was no interaction between the AIP control level and the subgroup variables. CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged and elderly participants with abnormal glucose metabolism, constant higher AIP with worst control may have a higher incidence of CVD. Monitoring long-term AIP change will contribute to early identification of high risk of CVD among individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Min
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Jiangnan Yao
- College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Lanzhi Duan
- Department of medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Yanhong Luo
- Department of medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Dongmei Ye
- Department of medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Yuxu Huang
- Department of medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi province, China.
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Jianghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Dehzad MJ, Ghalandari H, Askarpour M. Curcumin/turmeric supplementation could improve blood pressure and endothelial function: A grade-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 59:194-207. [PMID: 38220376 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A number of studies have examined the impact of curcumin/turmeric on blood pressure and the factors allegedly responsible for hypertension. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we tried to sum up the existing literature on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating this hypothesis. METHODS Online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) were searched from inception up to October 2022. We used the cochrane quality assessment tool to evaluate the risk of bias. Outcomes of interest included systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), and pulse-wave velocity (PWV). Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were derived and reported. In case of significant between-study heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were carried out. Significance level was considered as P-values<0.05. RESULTS Finally, 35 RCTs out of 4182 studies were included. Our findings suggested that curcumin/turmeric supplementation significantly improved SBP (WMD: -2.02 mmHg; 95 % CI: -2.85, -1.18), DBP (WMD: -0.82 mmHg; 95 % CI: -1.46, -0.18), VCAM-1 (WMD: -39.19 ng/mL; 95 % CI: -66.15, -12.23), and FMD (WMD: 2.00 %; 95 % CI: 1.07, 2.94). However, it did not significantly change levels of ICAM-1 (WMD: -17.05 ng/ml; 95 % CI: -80.79, 46.70), or PWV (WMD: -79.53 cm/s; 95 % CI: -210.38, 51.33). CONCLUSION It seems that curcumin/turmeric supplementation could be regarded as a complementary method to improve blood pressure and endothelial function. However, further research is needed to clarify its impact on inflammatory adhesion molecules in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafar Dehzad
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghalandari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Udriște AS, Burdușel AC, Niculescu AG, Rădulescu M, Grumezescu AM. Coatings for Cardiovascular Stents-An Up-to-Date Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1078. [PMID: 38256151 PMCID: PMC10817058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increasingly burden health systems and patients worldwide, necessitating the improved awareness of current treatment possibilities and the development of more efficient therapeutic strategies. When plaque deposits narrow the arteries, the standard of care implies the insertion of a stent at the lesion site. The most promising development in cardiovascular stents has been the release of medications from these stents. However, the use of drug-eluting stents (DESs) is still challenged by in-stent restenosis occurrence. DESs' long-term clinical success depends on several parameters, including the degradability of the polymers, drug release profiles, stent platforms, coating polymers, and the metals and their alloys that are employed as metal frames in the stents. Thus, it is critical to investigate new approaches to optimize the most suitable DESs to solve problems with the inflammatory response, delayed endothelialization, and sub-acute stent thrombosis. As certain advancements have been reported in the literature, this review aims to present the latest updates in the coatings field for cardiovascular stents. Specifically, there are described various organic (e.g., synthetic and natural polymer-based coatings, stents coated directly with drugs, and coatings containing endothelial cells) and inorganic (e.g., metallic and nonmetallic materials) stent coating options, aiming to create an updated framework that would serve as an inception point for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Scafa Udriște
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Cristina Burdușel
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-G.N.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-G.N.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Rădulescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-G.N.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
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Agyekum F, Folson AA, Abaidoo B, Appiah LT, Adu-Boakye Y, Ayetey H, Owusu IK. Behavioural and nutritional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among the Ghanaian population- a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:194. [PMID: 38229036 PMCID: PMC10790451 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle behavioural risk factors have been linked to increased cardiovascular disease. Recent data have shown increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) burden in Ghana. This study aimed to describe the behavioural and nutritional risk factors for ASCVD among Ghanaians, and how these risk factors vary by ethnicity, demography and residence. METHODS We used data from the Ghana Heart Study, a community-based cross-sectional study that recruited participants from eight communities from four regions using a multi-stage sampling technique. Information about various lifestyle behaviours (LBs), including cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, physical inactivity, and fruit and vegetable intake, was obtained using a questionnaire. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS statistics 25. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to test associations between demographic characteristics and various LBs. RESULTS The participants' median (interquartile) age was 46.0 (27.0) years. Of the 1,106 participants (58% females, 80.4% urban dwellers), 8.6% reported using tobacco, 48.9% alcohol, 83.7% physically inactive, 81.4% and 84.9% inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, respectively. Age, sex, ethnicity, and religion were associated with tobacco use, whereas age, sex, educational level, marital status, ethnicity, employment status, and region of residence were associated with physical inactivity. Similarly, ethnicity, employment status, and residence region were associated with inadequate fruit and vegetable intake. Rural dwellers were more likely to be physically inactive and consume inadequate fruits and vegetables. Almost 92% had a combination of two or more LBs. The main predictors of two or more LBs for ASCVD were educational level, marital status, ethnicity, and employment status. CONCLUSION Lifestyle risk factors for ASCVD were highly prevalent in Ghana, with significant age, sex, ethnic, and regional differences. These risky lifestyle behaviors tend to occur together and must be considered in tailoring public health education. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR1800017374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Agyekum
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Aba Ankomaba Folson
- Department of Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Abaidoo
- Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lambert Tetteh Appiah
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaw Adu-Boakye
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Harold Ayetey
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Isaac Kofi Owusu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Scafa Udriște A, Burdușel AC, Niculescu AG, Rădulescu M, Grumezescu AM. Metal-Based Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1001. [PMID: 38256075 PMCID: PMC10815551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disability. While there are many therapeutic alternatives available for the management of CVDs, the majority of classic therapeutic strategies were found to be ineffective at stopping or significantly/additionally slowing the progression of these diseases, or they had unfavorable side effects. Numerous metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) have been created to overcome these limitations, demonstrating encouraging possibilities in the treatment of CVDs due to advancements in nanotechnology. Metallic nanomaterials, including gold, silver, and iron, come in various shapes, sizes, and geometries. Metallic NPs are generally smaller and have more specialized physical, chemical, and biological properties. Metal-based NPs may come in various forms, such as nanoshells, nanorods, and nanospheres, and they have been studied the most. Massive potential applications for these metal nanomaterial structures include supporting molecular imaging, serving as drug delivery systems, enhancing radiation-based anticancer therapy, supplying photothermal transforming effects for thermal therapy, and being compounds with bactericidal, fungicidal, and antiviral qualities that may be helpful for cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the present paper aims to review the applications of relevant metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in CVDs, creating an up-to-date framework that aids researchers in developing more efficient treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Scafa Udriște
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Cristina Burdușel
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania (A.-G.N.)
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania (A.-G.N.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Rădulescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania (A.-G.N.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
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Li CY, Yang P, Zheng J, Zhang J, Liu YQ, Liu XQ, Hu Y, Lan WJ. Establishment of a forward primers-superposed amplification analysis for accurate aspirin pharmacogenomic measurement. Sci Rep 2024; 14:880. [PMID: 38195704 PMCID: PMC10776573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Genotyping of gDNA rs12041331 (PEAR1), rs6065 (GP1BA), and rs730012 (LTC4S) can provide systematic guidance on the use of aspirin. However, an accurate, reliable and economical approach to simultaneous detection of the above single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is not reported. Herein, we designed and substantiated an allele-specific (AS) forward primer-superposed amplification analysis for measurement of the SNPs in PEAR1, GP1BA and LTC4S genes, in which the values of ∆Cq (differences in threshold cycles between the wild-type forward primer-based assay and the mutated-type forward primer-based assay) were employed to decide genotype. Mismatch AS forward primers were screened with the singleplex amplification analysis. Moreover, Cq extension optimized by AS forward primer superposition was observed in the selected forward primer-based triplex analysis. Further, robustness assessment of the triplex analysis showed the amplification efficiency ranging from 0.9 to 1.1. Precision test demonstrated the coefficient of variation of less than 2%. And the detective results of 189 DNA samples was completely concordant with that of commercial Sanger sequencing. In summary, we developed a simple, accurate and economical approach to genotyping of rs12041331 (PEAR1), rs6065 (GP1BA) and rs730012 (LTC4S) to provide a valuable pharmacogenomics tool for guidance of aspirin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No.3501, Daxue Road, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No.3501, Daxue Road, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No.3501, Daxue Road, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No.3501, Daxue Road, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yi-Qing Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No.3501, Daxue Road, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No.3501, Daxue Road, Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Lan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No.3501, Daxue Road, Jinan, 250353, China.
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Zhao X, Mao TY, Jiang KY, Xie QY, Yang J, Du B, Wang ZX, Fu JQ, Gao FW, Lei ZH. Analysis of risk factors for acute pancreatitis complicated with pancreatic sinistral portal hypertension and construction of predictive model. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1256615. [PMID: 38260093 PMCID: PMC10801064 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1256615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Pancreatic sinistral portal hypertension (PSPH) is a common complication of acute pancreatitis (AP) and can cause massive gastrointestinal bleeding, which is one of the causes of AP-related mortality. However, there is currently no predictive model for AP concurrent with PSPH. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for AP concurrent with PSPH and use these factors to build a related predictive model. Materials and methods: We collected clinical data from 282 patients with AP. 192 patients were used as a training group and 90 patients as a validation group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for AP complicated with PSPH, and then a nomogram was established. The models are cross verification and Internal verification. The predictive ability and accuracy of the model were evaluated based on the working curve of the subjects and the calibration curve, respectively. The clinical value of the model was evaluated using decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: The univariate analysis revealed significant differences in the occurrence of PSPH with respect to sex, recurrent AP, history of hypertension, smoking history, patency of the splenic vein, pancreatic necrosis or pancreatic pseudocyst formation, the most significant site of pancreatic swelling, presence of a Dmure D polymer, MCTSI, and involvement of lipase and amylase. The logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that male sex, splenic-vein stenosis or occlusion and swelling were located in the body-tail, and MCTSI was an independent risk factor for PSPH. The nomogram and ROC curve were constructed. The area under the working curve of the subjects was 0.91, and the sensitivity and specificity were 82.5% and 89.1%, respectively. In the validation group, the C-index is 0.826. The nomogram was internally validated using 1,000 bootstrap samples, and the c-index was 0.898. The calibration curve demonstrated that the predicted probability was concordant with the observed probability, and the DCA confirmed that the model had robust clinical utility. Conclusion: Male sex, splenic-vein stenosis or occlusion, recurrent AP, and swelling are located in the body-tail, and MCTSI is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of PSPH. The predictive model developed for AP complicated with PSPH may serve toward developing preventive and therapeutic approaches for PSPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas and Spleen System Diseases of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian-Yang Mao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas and Spleen System Diseases of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Kang-Yi Jiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas and Spleen System Diseases of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing-Yun Xie
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas and Spleen System Diseases of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas and Spleen System Diseases of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Du
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas and Spleen System Diseases of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-Xu Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas and Spleen System Diseases of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin-Qiang Fu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas and Spleen System Diseases of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng-Wei Gao
- Liver Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ze-Hua Lei
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas and Spleen System Diseases of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
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Qiu X. Nurse-led intervention in the management of patients with cardiovascular diseases: a brief literature review. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:6. [PMID: 38163878 PMCID: PMC10759353 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one among the major causes of mortality in patients all around the globe. It has been reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) that approximately 80% of cardiovascular diseases could be prevented through lifestyle modifications. Management of CAD involves the prevention and control of cardiovascular risk factors, invasive and non-invasive treatments including coronary revascularizations, adherence to proper medications and regular outpatient follow-ups. Nurse-led clinics were intended to mainly provide supportive, educational, preventive measures and psychological support to the patients, which were completely different from therapeutic clinics. Our review focuses on the involvement and implication of nurses in the primary and secondary prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. Nurses have a vital role in Interventional cardiology. They also have major roles during the management of cardiac complications including congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation and heart transplantation. Today, the implementation of a nurse-led tele-consultation strategy is also gaining positive views. Therefore, a nurse-led intervention for the management of patients with cardiovascular diseases should be implemented in clinical practice. Based on advances in therapy, more research should be carried out to further investigate the effect of nurse-led clinics during the long-term treatment and management of patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Qiu
- Department of Nursing, Guangxi Hospital Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Qingxiu, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, P.R. China.
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Vicheth V, Zhong C, Guan J, Zhang X, Chen D, Yang P. Causal roles of immune cells in cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian randomization (MR) study. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 13:20480040241271777. [PMID: 39139806 PMCID: PMC11320407 DOI: 10.1177/20480040241271777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite being a major global cause of mortality, the exact underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain uncertain. This study aimed to elucidate the possible pathological connection between circulating activated immune cell types and the advancement of CVD. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed on publicly available genetic databases to examine the potential causal relationships among 731 immune phenotypes and CVD risks. The study focused on four distinct immune signatures: relative cell counts (RC), absolute cell counts (AC), morphological parameters (MP), and median fluorescence intensities (MFI). A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the findings' consistency, robustness, and potential pleiotropic effects. Results Significant associations between CVD and various immunophenotypes were observed in this study. Specifically, two phenotypes exhibited protective effects against CVD. The odds ratio (OR) for activated and secretory CD4+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) was 0.757 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.628-0.913; p = 0.004], whereas that for B-cell activating factor receptor on IgD-CD38+ memory B-cells was 0.654 (95% CI: 0.468-0.915; p = 0.013). Conversely, three major immunophenotypes were linked to heightened risks of CVD: CD80 on myeloid dendritic cells (OR: 1.181; 95% CI: 1.015-1.376; p = 0.032), the proportion of CD28+ CD45RA+ CD8+ T-cells in total T-cell population (OR: 1.064; 95% CI: 1.002-1.128; p = 0.041), and the proportion of CD28-CD45RA+ CD8+ T-cells in total T-cell population (OR: 1.005; 95% CI: 1.000-1.011; p = 0.045). Conclusion This study underscores significant correlations between specific immune phenotypes and the risks associated with CVD onset, thus providing valuable perspectives for forthcoming clinical inquiries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virak Vicheth
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongbin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Deshu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingzhen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Heart Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Heart Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Halsey G, Zohora FT, Arora S, Zimmerman H, Vyavahare N. Pentagalloyl glucose induces anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization - suppressing macrophage mediated vascular cell dysfunction and TGF-β secretion. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2024; 38:3946320241276894. [PMID: 39135409 PMCID: PMC11320691 DOI: 10.1177/03946320241276894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) is a polyphenol with vasoprotective properties. Targeted delivery of PGG reversed aortic aneurysm growth in several rodent models associated with decreased number of macrophages and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression. Thus, we sought to determine cellular mechanisms by which PGG reduces macrophage-induced aortic pathogenicity and its relationship to TGF-β. Methods: Using THP-1 cells, primary human aortic cells, and explanted rat aortas, we assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of PGG. Expression of pro/anti-inflammatory macrophage markers was analyzed. Adhesion of monocytes as well as oxidative stress status, viability, and TGF-β expression after primary aortic cell exposure to macrophage-conditioned medium with and without PGG were assessed. The release of TGF-β was also examined in elastase-treated cultured rat aortas. Results: PGG pre-treatment of human aortic cell monolayers reduced the adhesion of THP-1 monocytes. PGG enhanced the expression of anti-inflammatory markers in THP-1-derived macrophages, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species as well as mitochondrial polarization. Conditioned medium from THP-1-derived macrophages induced reactive oxygen species, cell death, and TGF-β release from human aortic cells, which was suppressed by PGG. In explanted rat aortas, PGG reduced elastase mediated TGF-β release. Conclusions: Combining anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and oxidative effects, PGG has high cardiovascular therapeutic potential. We confirmed previous in vivo observations whereby PGG suppressed TGF-β response associated with disease resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Halsey
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Shivani Arora
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Holly Zimmerman
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Naren Vyavahare
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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Zhao Y, Yu H, Gong A, Zhang S, Xiao B. Heart rate variability and cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14085. [PMID: 37641564 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal relationship between heart rate variability and cardiovascular diseases and the associated events is still unclear, and the conclusions of current studies are inconsistent. We aimed to explore the relationship between heart rate variability and cardiovascular diseases and the associated events with the Mendelian randomization study. METHODS We selected normal-to-normal inter-beat intervals (SDNN), root mean square of the successive differences of inter-beat intervals (RMSSD) and peak-valley respiratory sinus arrhythmia or high-frequency power (pvRSA/HF) as the three sets of instrumental variables for heart rate variability. The outcome for cardiovascular diseases included essential hypertension, heart failure, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, nonischemic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia. Cardiac arrest, cardiac death and major coronary heart disease event were defined as the related events of cardiovascular diseases. The data for exposures and outcomes were derived from publicly available genome-wide association studies. Inverse variance weighted was used for the main causal estimation. Analyses of heterogeneity and pleiotropy were conducted using the Cochran Q test of Inverse variance weighted and MR-Egger, leave-one-out analysis, and MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier methods. RESULTS The Inverse variance weighted method indicated that genetically predicted pvRSA/HF was associated with the increased risk of cardiac arrest (odds ratio 2.02, 95% confidence interval 1.25-3.28, p = .004). The results were free of heterogeneity and pleiotropy. There were no outliers and the leave-one-out analysis proved that the results were reliable. CONCLUSIONS This study provides genetic evidence that pvRSA/HF is causally related to cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hangtian Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Angwei Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuaidan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Tao Y, Luo J, Xu Y, Wang H, Tian J, Yang S, Yu K, Peng S, Zhang X. Narcolepsy and cardiovascular disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Sleep Med 2024; 113:6-12. [PMID: 37976908 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational findings suggest that patients with narcolepsy are at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but the potential causal relationship between narcolepsy and CVDs is unclear. Therefore, Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to explore the association between narcolepsy and CVDs. METHODS Summary statistics related to narcolepsy, coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), any stroke (AS), and any ischemic stroke (AIS) were extracted from the public database of relevant published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected as instrumental variables under strict quality control criteria. Inverse variance-weighted (IVW) was the main analytical method to assess causal effects. In addition, we conducted MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), weighted median, MR-Egger, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis to verify the robustness and reliability of the results. RESULTS The results of the MR study revealed that narcolepsy was significantly associated with an increased risk of HF (OR = 1.714; 95%CI [1.031-2.849]; P = 0.037), CAD (OR = 1.702; 95%CI [1.011-2.864]; P = 0.045). There was no statistically significant causal association between narcolepsy and MI, AS, and AIS. In addition, further sensitivity analysis showed robust results. CONCLUSIONS The results of the two-sample MR study reveal a potential causal relationship between the increased risk of HF and CAD in narcolepsy. These findings emphasize the importance of early monitoring and assessment of cardiovascular risk in patients with narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Tao
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jingsong Luo
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care School, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yaxin Xu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, No.173 Longdu South Road, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Shenbi Yang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Kexin Yu
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care School, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sihan Peng
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610032, China.
| | - Xiangeng Zhang
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, No.173 Longdu South Road, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, China.
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Arafa A, Yasui Y, Kato Y, Matsumoto C, Kokubo Y. The association between stair climbing and modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors: the Suita Study. Environ Health Prev Med 2024; 29:26. [PMID: 38710616 PMCID: PMC11111291 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stair climbing is a readily available form of physical activity with potential cardiovascular benefits. This study aimed to investigate the association between stair climbing and numerous modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we used data from 7282 Japanese people (30-84 years) residing in Suita City, Osaka. CVD risk factors and stair climbing frequency were assessed during the Suita Study health examination. Logistic regressions were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for CVD risk factors across stair climbing frequencies. RESULTS After adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle, and medical conditions, stair climbing >60% of the time, compared to <20% of the time, was inversely associated with obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, and stress: ORs (95% CIs) = 0.63 (0.53, 0.75), 0.81 (0.69, 0.96), 0.48 (0.41, 0.55), and 0.67 (0.58, 0.78), respectively (p-trends < 0.05). CONCLUSION Stair climbing was inversely associated with obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, and stress; suggesting a potential role for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Yuka Yasui
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Graduate School of Human Life and Science, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuka Kato
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Chisa Matsumoto
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Health Surveillance and Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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