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Weischendorff S, de Pietri S, Rathe M, Schmiegelow K, Frandsen TL, Petersen MJ, Weimann A, Nielsen CH, Enevold C, Kocadag HB, Moser C, Müller K. Intestinal mucositis, systemic inflammation and bloodstream infections following high-dose methotrexate treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Comparison between the NOPHO ALL 2008 protocol and the ALLTogether1 protocol. Int J Cancer 2024. [PMID: 39150399 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Severe intestinal mucositis (IM) increases the risk of bloodstream infections (BSI) and inflammatory toxicity during acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) induction treatment. However, the implications of IM in subsequent ALL therapy phases after achieving remission remain unknown. This study investigated the relationship between IM (measured by plasma citrulline and the chemokine CCL20) and the development of BSI and systemic inflammation (reflected by C-reactive protein, CRP) in children with ALL during high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) treatment, an important part of ALL consolidation therapy. The study compared patients treated according to the NOPHO ALL 2008 protocol (n = 52) and the ALLTogether1 protocol (n = 42), both with identical HDMTX procedures but different scheduling. One week post-HDMTX, citrulline dropped to median levels of 14.5 and 16.9 μM for patients treated according to the NOPHO ALL 2008 and ALLTogether1 protocols, respectively (p = 0.11). In a protocol and neutrophil count-adjusted analysis, hypocitrullinaemia (<10 μmol/L) was associated with increased odds of BSI within 3 weeks from HDMTX (OR = 26.2, p = 0.0074). Patients treated according to the NOPHO ALL 2008 protocol exhibited increased mucosal- and systemic inflammation post-HDMTX compared to patients treated according to ALLTogether1, with increased CCL20 (14.6 vs. 3.7 pg/mL, p < 0.0001) and CRP levels (10.0 vs. 1.0 mg/L, p < 0.0001). Both citrulline and CCL20 correlated with CRP for these patients (rs = -0.44, p = 0.0016 and rs = 0.35, p = 0.016, respectively). These results suggest that hypocitrullinaemia following HDMTX increases the risk of BSI, confirming previous observations from more intensive treatments. Moreover, these data indicate that the patients' vulnerability to mucositis and inflammatory toxicity after chemotherapy varies with treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weischendorff
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silvia de Pietri
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Rathe
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen
| | - Thomas Leth Frandsen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene Johanne Petersen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Weimann
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helin Berna Kocadag
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Müller
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen
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2
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Zhuo S, Dong T, Yue Z, Qian Y, Liu X, Liu W. Association between methotrexate-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis and furosemide: a real-world disproportionality analysis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:137-144. [PMID: 37070136 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2203482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare and life-threatening skin adverse reactions that are usually induced by drugs. This study aimed to assess the association between methotrexate and SJS/TEN when combined with furosemide. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data on suspicious, interactions (PS, SS, I) from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database for 2016-2021 were analyzed using the reporting odds ratio (ROR), information component (IC), proportional reporting ratio (PRR) and the Medications and Health Care Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS We identified 28 case reports of TEN associated with the combination of furosemide and methotrexate and 10 reports of SJS associated with furosemide and methotrexate. The association of methotrexate with SJS/TEN was more significant in the entire data set when combined with furosemide than when methotrexate was not combined with furosemide. The association of methotrexate with SJS/TEN remained significant when furosemide was combined with methotrexate in a tumor-based disease context. After sensitivity analysis of the entire dataset as well as all antineoplastic drug datasets, consistent results were observed for TEN. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed a significant association between methotrexate and SJS/TEN when combined with furosemide, with an increased risk of SJS/TEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tu Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongsheng Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yating Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinling Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Karpa V, Kalinderi K, Fidani L, Tragiannidis A. Association of microRNA Polymorphisms with Toxicities Induced by Methotrexate in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Hematol Rep 2023; 15:634-650. [PMID: 37987321 PMCID: PMC10660515 DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep15040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX), a structurally related substance to folic acid, is an important chemotherapeutic agent used for decades in the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and other types of cancer as non-Hodgkin lymphomas and osteosarcomas. Despite the successful outcomes observed, the primary drawback is the variability in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between patients. The main adverse events related to its use are nephrotoxicity, mucositis, and myelosuppression, especially when used in high doses. The potential adverse reactions and toxicities associated with MTX are a cause for concern and may lead to dose reduction or treatment interruption. Genetic variants in MTX transport genes have been linked to toxicity. Pharmacogenetic studies conducted in the past focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding and 5'-regulatory regions of genes. Recent studies have demonstrated a significant role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the transport and metabolism of drugs and in the regulation of target genes. In the last few years, the number of annotated miRNAs has continually risen, in addition to the studies of miRNA polymorphisms and MTX toxicity. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to investigate the role of miRNA variants related to MTX adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karpa
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (L.F.)
| | - Kallirhoe Kalinderi
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (L.F.)
| | - Liana Fidani
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (L.F.)
| | - Athanasios Tragiannidis
- Pediatric & Adolescent Hematology-Oncology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, S. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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4
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Li M, Kong XY, Wang SM. Effects of splicing-regulatory polymorphisms in ABCC2, ABCG2, and ABCB1 on methotrexate exposure in Chinese children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 91:77-87. [PMID: 36463535 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play an important role in the response to methotrexate (MTX). In this study, we investigated the frequency distribution of three splicing-regulatory polymorphisms in ABC transporters (ABCC2 rs2273697 G>A, ABCG2 rs2231142 G>T, and ABCB1 rs1128503 A>G) and their effects on MTX concentrations and the clinical outcome in a Chinese pediatric population with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS A fluorescence polarization immunoassay was used to measure the serum MTX concentrations in 24 h (C24h) and 42 h (C42h). The Sequenom MassARRAY system was used for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. RESULTS The study population had significantly lower frequencies of ABCC2 rs2273697 A, ABCG2 rs2231142 G, and ABCB1 rs1128503 G than African and European samples (P < 0.05). The dose-normalized MTX concentrations after 24 h and the proportion of C42h > 0.5 µmol/L were significantly lower in patients with the ABCG2 rs2231142 GG genotype than in patients with the GT or TT genotype (P = 0.01 and 0.006, respectively). No significant effects on MTX pharmacokinetics were observed for ABCC2 rs2273697 and ABCB1 rs1128503 polymorphisms. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the three SNPs overlapped with the putative binding sites of several splicing factors. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study confirmed the ethnicity-based differences in the distribution of the three investigated SNPs. The ABCG2 rs2231142 polymorphism exerted a significant effect on the level of MTX exposure. These findings may help explain the variability in MTX responses and optimize MTX treatment in pediatric patients with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Armed Police Beijing Corps Hospital, Beijing, 100027, China
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 10 Tieyi Road, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, 100038, China.
- International Cooperation and Joint Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, 100038, China.
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5
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Effects of genetic polymorphisms on methotrexate levels and toxicity in Chinese patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BLOOD SCIENCE 2022; 5:32-38. [PMID: 36742186 PMCID: PMC9891445 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) has an antitumor effect when used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study aims at evaluating the associations between 14 polymorphisms of six genes involved in MTX metabolism with serum MTX concentration and toxicity accompanying high-dose MTX. Polymorphisms in 183 Chinese patients with ALL were analyzed using TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assay. The serum MTX concentration was determined using homogeneous enzyme immunoassay. MTX-related toxicities were also evaluated. Renal toxicity was significantly associated with higher serum MTX concentrations at 24, 48, and 72 hours, and MTX elimination delay (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively), whereas SLCO1B1 rs4149056 was associated with serum MTX concentrations at 48 and 72 hours, and MTX elimination delay in candidate polymorphisms (P = 0.014, P = 0.019, and P = 0.007, respectively). SLC19A1 rs2838958 and rs3788200 were associated with serum MTX concentrations at 24 hours (P = 0.016, P = 0.043, respectively). MTRR rs1801394 was associated with serum MTX concentrations at 72 hours (P = 0.045). Neutropenia was related to SLC19A1 rs4149056 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.172, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.310-7.681, P = 0.011). Hepatotoxicity was associated with ABCC2 rs2273697 (OR: 3.494, 95% CI: 1.236-9.873, P = 0.018) and MTRR rs1801394 (OR: 0.231, 95% CI: 0.084-0.632, P = 0.004). Polymorphisms of SLCO1B1, SLC19A1, ABCC2, and MTRR genes help predict higher risk of increased MTX levels or MTX-related toxicities in adult ALL patients.
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6
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Saultier P, Simonin M, Beaumais TAD, Rialland F, Alby-Laurent F, Lubnau M, Desplantes C, Jacqz-Aigrain E, Rohrlich P, Reguerre Y, Rabian F, Sirvent N, Plat GW, Petit A. [Practical management during maintenance therapy of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Recommendations of the French Society for Childhood and Adolescent Cancer and Leukemia (SFCE)]. Bull Cancer 2022; 109:1132-1143. [PMID: 35863954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance therapy is the last phase of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents. Although maintenance therapy is associated with toxicities and specific management issues, it is an essential phase of treatment that reduces the risk of relapse. The objective of this work is to propose a guide for the initiation, administration, and monitoring of maintenance therapy, and for the management of food, schooling, leisure, community life, risk of infection and links with family medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Saultier
- Hôpital de la Timone Enfants, APHM, service d'hématologie, immunologie et oncologie pédiatrique, Marseille, France.
| | - Mathieu Simonin
- AP-HP, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Sorbonne université, service d'hématologie et oncologie pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | | | - Fanny Rialland
- CHU de Nantes, service d'onco-hématologie pédiatrique, Nantes, France
| | - Fanny Alby-Laurent
- AP-HP, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Sorbonne université, service d'hématologie et oncologie pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Marion Lubnau
- CHU de Nancy, service d'onco-hématologie pédiatrique, Nancy, France
| | | | - Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Louis, département de pharmacologie et pharmacogénétique, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Rohrlich
- CHU de Nice, service d'hématologie pédiatrique, Nice, France
| | - Yves Reguerre
- CHU de la Réunion, service d'hémato-oncologie pédiatrique, Réunion, France
| | - Florence Rabian
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Louis, service d'hématologie adolescents et jeunes adultes, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Sirvent
- CHU de Montpellier, service d'hématologie et oncologie pédiatrique, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Willson Plat
- CHU de Toulouse, service d'hématologie oncologie et immunologie pédiatrique, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Petit
- AP-HP, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Sorbonne université, service d'hématologie et oncologie pédiatrique, Paris, France
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7
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Zhan M, Sun Y, Zhou F, Wang H, Chen Z, Yan L, Li X. Population pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:265-273. [PMID: 35446233 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2069060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. This study aimed to identify physiological and pharmacogenomic covariates and develop a population pharmacokinetic model of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) in Chinese pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and malignant lymphoma.2. A total 731 MTX courses and 1658 MTX plasm concentration from 205 pediatric patients with ALL and malignant lymphoma were analyzing using a nonlinear mixed-effects model technique. 47 SNPs in 16 MTX-related gene were genotyped and screened as covariates. A PPK model was established to determine the influence of covariates such as body surface area (BSA), age, laboratory test value, and SNPs on the pharmacokinetic process of HD-MTX.3. Two-compartmental model with allometric scaling using BSA could nicely characterize the in vivo behavior of HD-MTX. After accounting for body size, rs17004785 and rs4148416 were the covariates that influence MTX clearance (CL). The PPK model obtained was: CL =9.33 * (BSA/1.73) 0.75 * e0.13*rs17004785 * e0.39*rs4148416 * eηCL, Vc =24.98 * (BSA/1.73) * eηvc, Q = 0.18 * (BSA/1.73) 0.75 * eηQ and Vp =4.70 * (BSA/1.73) * eηvp.4. The established model combined with Bayesian approach could estimate individual pharmacokinetic parameters and optimize personalized HD-MTX therapy for pediatric patients with ALL and malignant lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yiqi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Guangxi Liuzhou, 545001, China.,School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zebin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Lianzhen Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
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8
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Song Z, Hu Y, Liu S, Jiang D, Yi Z, Benjamin MM, Zhao R. The Role of Genetic Polymorphisms in High-Dose Methotrexate Toxicity and Response in Hematological Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:757464. [PMID: 34744734 PMCID: PMC8570281 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.757464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is a mainstay therapeutic agent for the treatment of diverse hematological malignancies, and it plays a significant role in interindividual variability regarding the pharmacokinetics and toxicity. The genetic association of HDMTX has been widely investigated, but the conflicting results have complicated the clinical utility. Therefore, this systematic review aims to determine the role of gene variants within the HDMTX pathway and to fill the gap between knowledge and clinical practice. Methods: Databases including EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Clinical Trials.gov were searched from inception to November 2020. We included twelve single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the HDMTX pathway, involving RFC1, SLCO1B1, ABCB1, FPGS, GGH, MTHFR, DHFR, TYMS, and ATIC. Meta-analysis was conducted by using Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager software 5.3. The odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were analyzed to evaluate the associations between SNPs and clinical outcomes. This study was performed according to the PRISMA guideline. Results: In total, 34 studies with 4102 subjects were identified for the association analysis. Nine SNPs involving MTHFR, RFC1, ABCB1, SLCO1B1, TYMS, FPGS, and ATIC genes were investigated, while none of studies reported the polymorphisms of GGH and DHFR yet. Two SNPs were statistically associated with the increased risk of HDMTX toxicity: MTHFR 677C>T and hepatotoxicity (dominant, OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.03-2.23; recessive, OR=1.68, 95% CI=1.10-2.55; allelic, OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.01-1.97), mucositis (dominant, OR=2.11, 95% CI=1.31-3.41; allelic, OR=1.91, 95% CI=1.28-2.85), and renal toxicity (recessive, OR=3.54, 95% CI=1.81-6.90; allelic, OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.18-3.02); ABCB1 3435C>T and hepatotoxicity (dominant, OR=3.80, 95% CI=1.68-8.61), whereas a tendency toward the decreased risk of HDMTX toxicity was present in three SNPs: TYMS 2R>3R and mucositis (dominant, OR=0.66, 95% CI=0.47-0.94); RFC1 80A>G and hepatotoxicity (recessive, OR=0.35, 95% CI=0.16-0.76); and MTHFR 1298A>C and renal toxicity (allelic, OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.18-0.97). Since the data of prognosis outcomes was substantially lacking, current studies were underpowered to investigate the genetic association. Conclusions: We conclude that genotyping of MTHFR and/or ABCB1 polymorphisms prior to treatment, MTHFR 677C>T particularly, is likely to be potentially useful with the aim of tailoring HDMTX therapy and thus reducing toxicity in patients with hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiwei Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanmiao Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mason M Benjamin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rongsheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
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9
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Song Z, Hu Y, Liu S, Wang G, Zhai S, Zhang X, Li Y, Du G, Shi Y, Chen Y, Dong M, Guo R, Guo W, Huang H, Huang X, Jing H, Ke X, Li G, Miao L, Niu X, Qiu F, Shen J, Tang J, Wang T, Wang X, Wang Z, Wu J, Zhan S, Zhang B, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhao L, Zhao L, Zhen J, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Jiang D, Huang Z, Tan Z, Lin Q, Zhao R. Medication Therapy of High-Dose Methotrexate: An Evidence-Based Practice Guideline of the Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Chinese Pharmacological Society. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:2456-2472. [PMID: 34729817 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A lot of medication risks related to high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) therapy still remain to be identified and standardized. This study aims to establish an evidence-based practice guideline for individualized medication of HDMTX. METHODS The practice guideline was launched by the Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Chinese Pharmacological Society. The guideline was developed following the WHO handbook for guideline development and the methodology of evidence-based medicine (EBM). The guideline was initially registered in the International Practice Guidelines Registry Platform (IPGRP-2017CN021). Systematic reviews were conducted to synthesis available evidence. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted by questionnaires to evaluate patients' perception and willingness on individualized medication of HDMTX. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to rate the quality of evidence and to grade the strength of recommendations. RESULTS Multidisciplinary working groups were included in this guideline, including clinicians, pharmacists, methodologists, pharmacologists and pharmacoeconomic specialists. A total of 124 patients were involved to integrate patient values and preferences. Finally, the guideline presents 28 recommendations, regarding evaluation prior to administration (renal function, liver function, pleural effusion, comedications, genetic testing), pre-treatment and routine dosing regimen, therapeutic drug monitoring (necessity, method, timing, target concentration), leucovorin rescue (initial timing, dosage regimen and optimization), management of toxicities. Of them, 12 are strong recommendations. CONCLUSIONS We developed an evidence-based practice guideline with respect to HDMTX medication using a rigorous and multidisciplinary approach. This guideline provides comprehensive and practical recommendations involving the whole process of HDMTX administration to health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiwei Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for drug evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for drug evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for drug evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanru Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for drug evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Suodi Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for drug evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Youping Li
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Beijing, China
| | - Yaolong Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ruichen Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Miao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Niu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital and Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingnan Shen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Tang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Lab of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of China Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyou Wang
- Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuhong Wu
- Pharmacy Department, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Centre, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jishuitan Hospital and Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancun Zhen
- Department of Pharmacy, Jishuitan Hospital and Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huyong Zheng
- Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for drug evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhencheng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for drug evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for drug evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaonan Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for drug evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for drug evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
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10
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Zhan M, Chen Z, Ding C, Qu Q, Wang G, Liu S, Wen F. Risk prediction for delayed clearance of high-dose methotrexate in pediatric hematological malignancies by machine learning. Int J Hematol 2021; 114:483-493. [PMID: 34170480 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03184-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a predictive model to identify children with hematologic malignancy at high risk for delayed clearance of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) based on machine learning. A total of 205 patients were recruited. Five variables (hematocrit, risk classification, dose, SLC19A1 rs2838958, sex) and three variables (SLC19A1 rs2838958, sex, dose) were statistically significant in univariable analysis and, separately, multivariate logistic regression. The data was randomly split into a "training cohort" and a "validation cohort". A nomogram for prediction of delayed HD-MTX clearance was constructed using the three variables in the training dataset and validated in the validation dataset. Five machine learning algorithms (cart classification and regression trees, naïve Bayes, support vector machine, random forest, C5.0 decision tree) combined with different resampling methods were used for model building with five or three variables. When developed machine learning models were evaluated in the validation dataset, the C5.0 decision tree combined with the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) using five variables had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC 0.807 [95% CI 0.724-0.889]), a better performance than the nomogram (AUC 0.69 [95% CI 0.594-0.787]). The results support potential clinical application of machine learning for patient risk classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zebin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Changcai Ding
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Advanced Precision Medical CO., LTD, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Zhan M, Chen ZB, Ding CC, Qu Q, Wang GQ, Liu S, Wen FQ. Machine learning to predict high-dose methotrexate-related neutropenia and fever in children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:2502-2513. [PMID: 33899650 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1913140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX), an antimetabolite for the treatment of leukemia, could cause neutropenia and subsequently fever, which might lead to treatment delay and affect prognosis. Here, we aimed to predict neutropenia and fever related to high-dose MTX using artificial intelligence. This study included 139 pediatric patients newly diagnosed with standard- or intermediate risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Fifty-seven SNPs of 16 genes were genotyped. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to select SNPs and clinical covariates for model developing. Five machine learning algorithms combined with four resampling techniques were used to build optimal predictive model. The combination of random forest with adaptive synthetic appeared to be the best model for neutropenia (sensitivity = 0.935, specificity = 0.920, AUC = 0.927) and performed best for fever (sensitivity = 0.818, specificity = 0.924, AUC = 0.870). By machine learning, we have developed and validated comprehensive models to predict the risk of neutropenia and fever. Such models may be helpful for medical oncologists in quick decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Cai Ding
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Advanced precision medical CO., LTD, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Qiu Wen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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12
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El Menshawy N, El Marghany AB, Sarhan MM, Aladle DA. Cyclin D1 G870A Polymorphism: Relation to the Risk of ALL Development, Prognosis Impact, and Methotrexate Cytotoxicity. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2941-2947. [PMID: 33112552 PMCID: PMC7798150 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.10.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclin D1 (CCND1) regulates cell cycle progression during the late G1 and S phase and takes part in methotrexate metabolism. It was hypothesized that CCND1 gene polymorphism affects acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) development, prognosis and may relate to methotrexate cytotoxicity. Subjects and methods: This study included 50 ALL patients and 50 healthy controls, CCND1 G870A polymorphism was studied in all items using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and evaluated methotrexate cytotoxicity for ALL patients using liver function tests before and after methotrexate treatment. We followed up patients for one year to determine disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) and its relation to the CCND1 genotype. Results: We found that AA genotype and A allele have a higher risk of developing ALL compared to the control group. Additionally, we found no notable association between CCND1 variant and methotrexate cytotoxicity and no role of CCND1 polymorphism in ALL prognosis. Conclusion: Our results suggested that CCND1 G870A polymorphism is associated with a high risk of ALL development. However, it has no role in ALL prognosis or methotrexate cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia El Menshawy
- Hematology Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B El Marghany
- Hematology Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa A Aladle
- Hematology Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Egypt
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13
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The risk of leukemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:1283-1289. [PMID: 32939570 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the risk of leukemia was still controversial. This study aimed to assess the risk of leukemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and SinoMed up to December 2019. Random effects model analysis was used to pool standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS A total of 15 relevant studies that met the criteria were included. Compared with the general population, patients with RA showed an increased risk of leukemia (SIR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.34-1.70). The statistical heterogeneity was moderate with an I2 of 55.5%. In subgroup analysis, the source of heterogeneity may be due to differences in sample size. Publication bias was not found in the Begg funnel plot and the Egger test. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that the risk of leukemia in RA was increased compared with the general population. Key points • This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk of leukemia in RA. • Our study suggested that the risk of leukemia in RA was increased compared with the general population. • This study indicated that the risk of leukemia in RA was higher in non-Asian populations.
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14
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Wang J, Xiong Y. HSH2D contributes to methotrexate resistance in human T‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2121-2129. [PMID: 33000278 PMCID: PMC7551555 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a malignant proliferative disease that originates from B-lineage or T-lineage lymphoid progenitor cells. Resistance to chemotherapy remains an important factor for treatment failure. The aim of the present study was to investigate drug resistance in T-cell ALL (T-ALL). Bioinformatics analysis of Oncomine and Gene Expression Omnibus data was performed to evaluate the expression of haematopoietic SH2 domain containing (HSH2D) in various lymphomas. HuT-78 cells with HSH2D overexpression and or knockdown were constructed, and the effect on related downstream signalling molecules was detected. To study the effect of HSH2D on methotrexate (MTX) resistance, cell cycle and apoptosis analyses were conducted using flow cytometry, and MTT and EdU assays were used to detect the effect of MTX resistance and HSH2D gene expression on the biological function of HuT-78 cells. Via the analysis of the data sets, it was identified that the expression of HSH2D was downregulated in T-ALL compared with B-cell ALL. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR demonstrated that the overexpression of HSH2 resulted in the inhibition of CD28-mediated IL-2 activation. In related experiments with drug-resistant cell lines, it was determined that HSH2D expression is necessary for HuT-78 cells to be resistant to MTX. In conclusion, the results suggested that HSH2D serves an important role in the resistance of T-ALL to MTX, which provides a potential research target for the study of drug resistance of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Xiong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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15
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Wang SM, Li M, Wu WS, Sun LL, Yan D. Methylation analysis of the SLC19A1 promoter region in Chinese children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 45:646-651. [PMID: 32403197 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1), which is encoded by the human solute carrier family 19 member 1 (SLC19A1) gene, plays an essential role in the cellular uptake of methotrexate (MTX). RFC1 expression is regulated by genetic variations and epigenetic modifications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the methylation status of the SLC19A1 promoter in peripheral blood and its association with MTX levels and toxicities in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). METHODS Serum MTX concentrations were measured using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Methylation quantification for SLC19A1 promoter region #17 was performed by Sequenom MassARRAY in 52 paediatric ALL patients. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Overall, the investigated region of the SLC19A1 promoter was in a hypermethylated state. No significant associations were detected between the methylation levels of six CpG units in the SLC19A1 promoter region #17 and clinical parameters of patients with ALL, including sex, age, immunotype and risk stratification. The methylation level of CpG_10 showed a significant positive correlation with MTX 24 hours after the initiation of infusion. No significant differences in the methylation levels of six CpG units were observed between patients with and without MTX toxicities. Due to the small sample size of this study, there was a high chance of false-positive results. A large-scale study would be required to confirm these preliminary results. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Our preliminary results suggested the hypermethylated status of the SLC19A1 promoter in children with ALL. The methylation levels of the SLC19A1 promoter might affect MTX exposure. These findings have implications for the mechanisms underlying the variability of MTX responses in childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China.,International Cooperation & Joint Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Shui Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China.,International Cooperation & Joint Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China
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