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Kalaimani K, Balachandran S, Boopathy LK, Roy A, Jayachandran B, Sankaranarayanan S, Arumugam MK. Recent advancements in small interfering RNA (siRNA) based therapeutic approach on breast cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2024:176877. [PMID: 39128807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common and malignant tumor diagnosed in women, with 2.9 million cases in 2023 and the fifth highest cancer-causing mortality worldwide. Recent developments in targeted therapy options for BC have demonstrated the promising potential of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based cancer therapeutic approaches. As BC continues to be a global burden, siRNA therapy emerges as a potential treatment strategy to regulate disease-related genes in other types of cancers, including BC. siRNAs are tiny RNA molecules that, by preventing their expression, can specifically silence genes linked to the development of cancer. In order to increase the stability and effectiveness of siRNA delivery to BC cells, minimize off-target effects, and improve treatment efficacy, advanced delivery technologies such as lipid nanoparticles and nanocarriers have been created. Additionally, combination therapies, such as siRNAs that target multiple pathways are used in conjunction with conventional chemotherapy agents, have shown synergistic effects in various preclinical studies, opening up new treatment options for breast cancer that are personalized and precision medicine-oriented. Targeting important genes linked to BC growth, metastasis, and chemo-resistance has been reported in BC research using siRNA-based therapies. This study reviews recent reports on therapeutic approaches to siRNA for advanced treatment of BC. Furthermore, this review evaluates the role and mechanisms of siRNA in BC and demonstrates the potential of exploiting siRNA as a novel target for BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathirvel Kalaimani
- Cancer Biology lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shana Balachandran
- Cancer Biology lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Boopathy
- Centre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai- 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anitha Roy
- Department of pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai- 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhuvaneshwari Jayachandran
- Cancer Biology lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangamithra Sankaranarayanan
- Cancer Biology lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Cancer Biology lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600119, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Cui N, Han X, Yang X, Zhao X, Huang Q, Xu C, Su S. Avian leukosis virus usurps the cellular SERBP1 protein to enhance its transcription and promote productive infections in avian cells. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103755. [PMID: 38663206 PMCID: PMC11068620 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup K (ALV-K) is composed of newly emerging isolates, which cluster separately from the well-characterized subgroups A, B, C, D, E, and J in sequence analysis, and exhibits a specific host range and a unique pattern of superinfection interference. Avian leukosis virus subgroup K replicate more slowly in avian cells than other ALV strains, leading to escaped detection during ALV eradication, but the underlying mechanism are largely unknown. In our previous study, we have reported that JS11C1 and most of other suspected ALV-K strains possessed unique mutations in the U3 region. Here, we selected 5 mutations in some important transcriptional regulation elements to explore the possible factor contributing for the lower activity of LTR, including CA-TG mutation in the CAAT box, 21 nt deletion in the CAAT box, A-G and A-T mutations in the CArG boxes, 11 nt insertion in the PRE boxes, and C-T mutation in the TATA box. On the basis of infectious clone of JS11C1, we demonstrated that the 11 nt fragment in the PRE boxes was associated with the transcription activity of LTR, the enhancer ability of U3, and the replication capacity of the virus. Notably, we determined the differential U3-protein interaction profile of ALVs and found that the 11 nt fragment specifically binds to cellular SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 (SERBP1) to increase the LTR activity and enhance virus replication. Collectively, these findings reveal that a 11 nt fragment in the U3 gene contributed to its binding ability to the cellular SERBP1 to enhance its transcription and the infectious virus productions in avian cells. This study highlighted the vital role of host factor in retrovirus replication and thus provides a new perspective to elucidate the interaction between retrovirus and its host and a molecular basis to develop efficient strategies against retroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Jinan, China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Chuantian Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Jinan, China.
| | - Shuai Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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Boughanem H, Pilo J, García-Flores LA, Arranz I, Ramos-Fernandez M, Ortega-Castan M, Crujeiras AB, Sandoval J, Macias-Gonzalez M. Identification of epigenetic silencing of the SFRP2 gene in colorectal cancer as a clinical biomarker and molecular significance. J Transl Med 2024; 22:509. [PMID: 38802858 PMCID: PMC11129357 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) gene as a potential clinical biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its diagnostic role remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the significance of SFRP2 methylation levels in a large cohort of biological specimens (including blood, adipose and colonic tissues) from patients with CRC, thereby potentially identifying new biomarker utility. METHODS We examined the expression (by qPCR) and methylation status (by 450 K DNA array and DNA pyrosequencing) of the SFRP2 gene in healthy participants (N = 110, aged as 53.7 (14.2), 48/62 males/females) and patients with CRC (N = 85, aged 67.7 (10.5), 61/24 males/females), across different biological tissues, and assessing its potential as a biomarker for CRC. Additionally, we investigated the effect of recombinant human SFRP2 (rhSFRP2) as a therapeutic target, on cell proliferation, migration, and the expression of key genes related to carcinogenesis and the Wnt pathway. RESULTS Our findings revealed that SFRP2 promoter methylation in whole blood could predict cancer stage (I + II vs. III + IV) (AUC = 0.653), lymph node invasion (AUC = 0.692), and CRC recurrence (AUC = 0.699) in patients with CRC (all with p < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed a global hypomethylation of SFRP2 in tumors compared to the adjacent area (p < 0.001). This observation was validated in the TCGA-COAD and TCGA-READ cohorts, demonstrating overall hypermethylation (both with p < 0.001) and low expression (p < 0.001), as shown in publicly available scRNA-Seq data. Notably, neoadjuvant-treated CRC patients exhibited lower SFRP2 methylation levels compared to untreated patients (p < 0.05) and low promoter SFRP2 methylation in untreated patients was associated with poor overall survival (p < 0.05), when compared to high methylation. Finally, treatment with 5 µg of rhSFRP2 treatment in CRC cells (HCT116 cells) inhibited cell proliferation (p < 0.001) and migration (p < 0.05), and downregulated the expression of AXIN2 (p < 0.01), a gene involved in Wnt signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish promoter methylation of the SFRP2 gene as a prognostic candidate in CRC when assessed in blood, and as a therapeutic prognostic candidate in tumors, potentially valuable in clinical practice. SFRP2 also emerges as a therapeutic option, providing new clinical and therapeutical avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim Boughanem
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA)-Bionand Platform, University of Malaga, 29010, Malaga, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Pilo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA)-Bionand Platform, University of Malaga, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - Libia Alejandra García-Flores
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA)-Bionand Platform, University of Malaga, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Arranz
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Malaga, Spain.
- Department of Human Physiology, Human Histology, Anatomical Pathology and Physical Education, University of Malaga, 29010, Malaga, Spain.
| | - María Ramos-Fernandez
- Unidad de Gestion Clinica Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Virgen de la Victoria University, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - María Ortega-Castan
- Unidad de Gestion Clinica Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Virgen de la Victoria University, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Epigenomics Core Facility and Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Macias-Gonzalez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA)-Bionand Platform, University of Malaga, 29010, Malaga, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Jalali P, Samii A, Rezaee M, Shahmoradi A, Pashizeh F, Salehi Z. UBE2C: A pan-cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarker revealed through bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2032. [PMID: 38577722 PMCID: PMC10995712 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diverse and complex attributes of cancer have made it a daunting challenge to overcome globally and remains to endanger human life. Detection of critical cancer-related gene alterations in solid tumor samples better defines patient diagnosis and prognosis, and indicates what targeted therapies must be administered to improve cancer patients' outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS To identify genes that have aberrant expression across different cancer types, differential expressed genes were detected within the TCGA datasets. Subsequently, the DEGs common to all pan cancers were determined. Furthermore, various methods were employed to gain genetic alterations, co-expression genes network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, pathway enrichment analysis of common genes. Finally, the gene regulatory network was constructed. RESULTS Intersectional analysis identified UBE2C as a common DEG between all 28 types of studied cancers. Upregulated UBE2C expression was significantly correlated with OS and DFS of 10 and 9 types of cancer patients. Also, UBE2C can be a diagnostic factor in CESC, CHOL, GBM, and UCS with AUC = 100% and diagnose 19 cancer types with AUC ≥90%. A ceRNA network constructed including UBE2C, 41 TFs, 10 shared miRNAs, and 21 circRNAs and 128 lncRNAs. CONCLUSION In summary, UBE2C can be a theranostic gene, which may serve as a reliable biomarker in diagnosing cancers, improving treatment responses and increasing the overall survival of cancer patients and can be a promising gene to be target by cancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Jalali
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amir Samii
- Department of Hematology and Blood TransfusionSchool of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Arvin Shahmoradi
- Department of Laboratory MedicineFaculty of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajIran
| | - Fatemeh Pashizeh
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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5
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Bauer N, Balourdas DI, Schneider JR, Zhang X, Berger LM, Berger BT, Schwalm MP, Klopp NA, Siveke JT, Knapp S, Joerger AC. Development of Potent Dual BET/HDAC Inhibitors via Pharmacophore Merging and Structure-Guided Optimization. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:266-279. [PMID: 38291964 PMCID: PMC10878397 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are prime targets in cancer therapy. Recent research has particularly focused on the development of dual BET/HDAC inhibitors for hard-to-treat tumors, such as pancreatic cancer. Here, we developed a new series of potent dual BET/HDAC inhibitors by choosing starting scaffolds that enabled us to optimally merge the two functionalities into a single compound. Systematic structure-guided modification of both warheads then led to optimized binders that were superior in potency to both parent compounds, with the best molecules of this series binding to both BRD4 bromodomains as well as HDAC1/2 with EC50 values in the 100 nM range in cellular NanoBRET target engagement assays. For one of our lead molecules, we could also show the selective inhibition of HDAC1/2 over all other zinc-dependent HDACs. Importantly, this on-target activity translated into promising efficacy in pancreatic cancer and NUT midline carcinoma cells. Our lead molecules effectively blocked histone H3 deacetylation in pancreatic cancer cells and upregulated the tumor suppressor HEXIM1 and proapoptotic p57, both markers of BET inhibition. In addition, they have the potential to downregulate the oncogenic drivers of NUT midline carcinoma, as demonstrated for MYC and TP63 mRNA levels. Overall, this study expands the portfolio of available dual BET/class I HDAC inhibitors for future translational studies in different cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bauer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute
for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str.
15, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Dimitrios-Ilias Balourdas
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute
for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str.
15, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Joel R. Schneider
- Bridge
Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center,
University Hospital Essen, University of
Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division
of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research
Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin Zhang
- Bridge
Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center,
University Hospital Essen, University of
Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division
of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research
Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena M. Berger
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute
for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str.
15, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Benedict-Tilman Berger
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute
for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str.
15, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Martin P. Schwalm
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute
for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str.
15, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
- German
Translational Cancer Network (DKTK) Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Nick A. Klopp
- Bridge
Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center,
University Hospital Essen, University of
Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division
of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research
Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens T. Siveke
- Bridge
Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center,
University Hospital Essen, University of
Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division
of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research
Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute
for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str.
15, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
- German
Translational Cancer Network (DKTK) Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Andreas C. Joerger
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute
for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str.
15, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
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Dai L, Tan C, Wang H, Wang L, Zhang T, Zhi S, Yang Z, Zhao X, Li D. Exploring Derivatives of Quinolizidine Alkaloid Sophoridine in the Design and Biological Mechanistic Evaluation of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300467. [PMID: 38031642 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
As a critical epigenetic modulator of gene expression, histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been involved in the pathogenesis and therapeutic investigation of cancer. Quinolizidine alkaloid sophoridine is known to have anticancer efficacy but with limited indication. By incorporating the pharmacophore of the HDAC inhibitor into the ring-opened sophoridine core, a new series of sophoridine hydroxamic acid derivatives were synthesized. After structure-activity studies, a selected compound was found to exert significant cytotoxicity in triple-negative breast cancer CAL-51 cells (IC50 1.17 μM), and demonstrated low nanomolar inhibitory potency toward HDAC1/3/6. Cellular functional assays indicated that this compound was able to induce apoptosis and cause accumulation of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. Western blot analysis revealed it to decrease the expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b by down-regulating phosphor-ERK1/2. Furthermore, treatment with this compound proved to block the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in the PI3KCA and PTEN-mutant CAL-51 cells. Collectively, this work provides a novel lead compound for the development of potential therapeutics against triple-negative breast cancers, possibly mesenchymal-like subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Dai
- Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79 Duolun Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Cheng Tan
- Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79 Duolun Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79 Duolun Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79 Duolun Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79 Duolun Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Shuang Zhi
- Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79 Duolun Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zibo Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79 Duolun Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiumei Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79 Duolun Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79 Duolun Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
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7
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Issatayeva A, Farnesi E, Cialla-May D, Schmitt M, Rizzi FMA, Milanese D, Selleri S, Cucinotta A. SERS-based methods for the detection of genomic biomarkers of cancer. Talanta 2024; 267:125198. [PMID: 37722343 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Genomic biomarkers of cancer are based on changes in nucleic acids, which include abnormal expression levels of some miRNAs, point mutations in DNA sequences, and altered levels of DNA methylation. The presence of tumor-related nucleic acids in body fluids (blood, saliva, or urine) makes it possible to achieve a non-invasive early-stage cancer diagnosis. Currently existing techniques for the discovery of nucleic acids require complex, time-consuming, costly assays and have limited multiplexing abilities. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a vibrational spectroscopy technique that is able to provide molecular specificity combined with trace sensitivity. SERS has gained research attention as a tool for the detection of nucleic acids because of its promising potential: label-free SERS can decrease the complexity of assays currently used with fluorescence-based detection due to the absence of the label, while labeled SERS may outperform the gold standard in terms of the multiplexing ability. The first papers about SERS-based methods for the measurement of genomic biomarkers were written in 2008, and since then, more than 150 papers have been published. The aim of this paper is to review and evaluate the proposed SERS-based methods in terms of their level of development and their potential for liquid biopsy application, as well as to contribute to their further evolution by attracting research attention to the field. This goal will be reached by grouping, on the basis of their experimental protocol, all the published manuscripts on the topic and evaluating each group in terms of its limit of detection and applicability to real body fluids. Thus, the methods are classified according to their working principles into five main groups, including capture-based, displacement-based, sandwich-based, enzyme-assisted, and specialized protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhan Issatayeva
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/a, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Farnesi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Milanese
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Selleri
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cucinotta
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
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8
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Dewenter I, Kumbrink J, Poxleitner P, Smolka W, Liokatis P, Fliefel R, Otto S, Obermeier KT. New insights into redox-related risk factors and therapeutic targets in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2023; 147:106573. [PMID: 37951115 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer in the oral cavity accounting for 90 % of oral cancer with a global incidence of 350.000 new cases per year. Curative resection along with adjuvant radiation therapy or a combination of radiotherapy with chemotherapy remain as gold standard in treating OSCC. Still, local recurrence, lymph nodal recurrence, and complications of radiation remain the main cause of tumor-related mortality. Reactive oxygen species are not only correlated to the etiology of OSCC due to oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation or effecting signal transduction cascades that effect cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, but are also of great interest in the therapy of OSCC patients. As induced oxidative stress can be used therapeutically for the induction of tumor cell death, redox targets might be a therapeutic addition to the conventional treatment options. In this review, we discuss markers of impaired redox homeostasis as well as potential redox-related treatment targets in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Dewenter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Joerg Kumbrink
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Poxleitner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Wenko Smolka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Paris Liokatis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Riham Fliefel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Otto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Theresa Obermeier
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80337 Munich, Germany
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9
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Drakontaeidi A, Pontiki E. A Review on Molecular Docking on HDAC Isoforms: Novel Tool for Designing Selective Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1639. [PMID: 38139766 PMCID: PMC10746130 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into histone deacetylases (HDACs) has experienced a remarkable surge in recent years. These enzymes are key regulators of several fundamental biological processes, often associated with severe and potentially fatal diseases. Inhibition of their activity represents a promising therapeutic approach and a prospective strategy for the development of new therapeutic agents. A critical aspect of their inhibition is to achieve selectivity in terms of enzyme isoforms, which is essential to improve treatment efficacy while reducing undesirable pleiotropic effects. The development of computational chemistry tools, particularly molecular docking, is greatly enhancing the precision of designing molecules with inherent potential for specific activity. Therefore, it was considered necessary to review the molecular docking studies conducted on the major isozymes of the enzyme in order to identify the specific interactions associated with each selective HDAC inhibitor. In particular, the most critical isozymes of HDAC (1, 2, 3, 6, and 8) have been thoroughly investigated within the scope of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Pontiki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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10
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Isachesku E, Braicu C, Pirlog R, Kocijancic A, Busuioc C, Pruteanu LL, Pandey DP, Berindan-Neagoe I. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Epigenetic Dysregulation in Glioblastoma Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16320. [PMID: 38003512 PMCID: PMC10671451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary brain tumor arising from glial cells. The tumor is highly aggressive, the reason for which it has become the deadliest brain tumor type with the poorest prognosis. Like other cancers, it compromises molecular alteration on genetic and epigenetic levels. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype without the occurrence of any genetic mutations or DNA sequence alterations in the driver tumor-related genes. These epigenetic changes are reversible, making them convenient targets in cancer therapy. Therefore, we aim to review critical epigenetic dysregulation processes in glioblastoma. We will highlight the significant affected tumor-related pathways and their outcomes, such as regulation of cell cycle progression, cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell invasiveness, immune evasion, or acquirement of drug resistance. Examples of molecular changes induced by epigenetic modifications, such as DNA epigenetic alterations, histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, are highlighted. As understanding the role of epigenetic regulators and underlying molecular mechanisms in the overall pro-tumorigenic landscape of glioblastoma is essential, this literature study will provide valuable insights for establishing the prognostic or diagnostic value of various non-coding transcripts, including miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Isachesku
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
| | - Radu Pirlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
| | - Anja Kocijancic
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (A.K.)
| | - Constantin Busuioc
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Disease, 021105 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, Onco Team Diagnostic, 010719 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lavinia-Lorena Pruteanu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, North University Center, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania
| | - Deo Prakash Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (A.K.)
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
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11
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Song L, Cao J, Chen L, Du Z, Zhang N, Cao D, Xiong B. Screening and optimization of phage display cyclic peptides against the WDR5 WBM site. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2048-2057. [PMID: 37859722 PMCID: PMC10583817 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00288h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the various WD40 family proteins, WDR5 is a particularly important multifunctional adaptor protein that can bind to several protein complexes to regulate gene activation, so it was considered as a promising epigenetic target in anti-cancer drug development. Despite many inhibitors having been discovered directing against the arginine-binding cavity in WDR5 called the WIN site, the side hydrophobic cavity called the WBM site receives rather scant attention. Herein, we aim to obtain novel WBM-targeted peptidic inhibitors with high potency and selectivity. We employed two improved biopanning approaches with a disulfide-constrained cyclic peptide phage library containing 7 randomized residues and identified several peptides with micromole binding activity by docking and binding assay. To further optimize the stability and activity, 9 thiol-reactive chemical linkers were utilized in the cyclization of the candidate peptide DH226027, which had good binding affinity. This study provides an effective method to discover potent peptides targeting protein-protein interactions and highlights a broader perspective of peptide-mimic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Song
- Department of College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jiawen Cao
- Department of College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Zhiyan Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- Department of College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Danyan Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Bing Xiong
- Department of College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
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12
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Van den Ackerveken P, Lobbens A, Pamart D, Kotronoulas A, Rommelaere G, Eccleston M, Herzog M. Epigenetic profiles of elevated cell free circulating H3.1 nucleosomes as potential biomarkers for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16335. [PMID: 37770512 PMCID: PMC10539380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During cell death, nucleosomes, the basic structural unit of chromatin, are released into the blood stream and elevated levels have been found in the plasma of patients with solid cancers. In this study, we demonstrate an increase in cell free circulating H3.1-nucleosomes levels in plasma samples from patients with hematological malignancy, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), relative to healthy donors. As histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) of circulating nucleosomes are described as potential biomarkers of various solid cancers, we investigated the epigenetic profile of nucleosomes from NHL patients following nucleosome enrichment (Nu.Q® capture) combined with mass spectrometry. Eight histones PTMs, including the acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9, 14 and 18 as well as the methylation state of histone H3 at lysine 9, 27 and 36, were identified at a higher level in the plasma of NHL patients compared to healthy donors. These results were confirmed in a larger clinical cohort by immunoassay. Subsequently, the temporal profile of these histone PTMs in NHL patients undergoing treatment course highlighted the potential use of these new biomarkers to monitor treatment response and/or disease progression. Our results substantiate that levels of H3.1-nucleosomes are particularly elevated in NHL patients and may be a useful diagnostic tool. Moreover, our work emphasizes the crucial roles of the epigenetic marks present on circulating nucleosomes to detect and monitor tumor progression and/or treatment response of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison Lobbens
- Belgian Volition SRL, 22 Rue Phocas Lejeune, Parc Scientifique Crealys, 5032, Isnes, Belgium
| | - Dorian Pamart
- Belgian Volition SRL, 22 Rue Phocas Lejeune, Parc Scientifique Crealys, 5032, Isnes, Belgium
| | - Aristotelis Kotronoulas
- Belgian Volition SRL, 22 Rue Phocas Lejeune, Parc Scientifique Crealys, 5032, Isnes, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Rommelaere
- Belgian Volition SRL, 22 Rue Phocas Lejeune, Parc Scientifique Crealys, 5032, Isnes, Belgium
| | - Mark Eccleston
- Belgian Volition SRL, 22 Rue Phocas Lejeune, Parc Scientifique Crealys, 5032, Isnes, Belgium
| | - Marielle Herzog
- Belgian Volition SRL, 22 Rue Phocas Lejeune, Parc Scientifique Crealys, 5032, Isnes, Belgium.
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13
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Chayab L, Konstantelos N, Leighl NB, Tadrous M, Wong WWL. A Systematic Review of the Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Inhibitors in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). PHARMACOECONOMICS 2023:10.1007/s40273-023-01279-2. [PMID: 37268866 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor treatment landscape is rapidly evolving, providing patients with ALK-positive (+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with multiple therapy options, multiple lines of treatments, and prolonged survival. However, these recent treatment advances have resulted in additional increases in treatment costs. The objective of this article is to review the economic evidence of ALK inhibitors in patients with ALK+ NSCLC. METHODS The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) systematic reviews of economic evaluation. The population included adult patients with locally advanced (stage IIIb/c) or metastatic (stage IV) NSCLC cancer with confirmed ALK fusions. The interventions included the ALK inhibitors alectinib, brigatinib, ceritinib, crizotinib, ensartinib, or lorlatinib. The comparators included the listed ALK inhibitors, chemotherapy, or best supportive care. The review considered cost-effectiveness analysis studies (CEAs) that reported incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in quality-adjusted life years and/or in life years gained. Published literature was searched in Medline (via Ovid) by 4 January 2023, in Embase (via Ovid) by 4 January 2023, in International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (via Ovid) by 4 January 2023, and in Cochrane library (via Wiley) by 11 January 2023. Preliminary screening of titles and abstracts was conducted against the inclusion criteria by two independent researchers followed by a full text of selected citations. Search results are presented in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. Critical appraisal was conducted using the validated Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS) tool as well as the Phillips et al. 2004 appraisal tool to assess the reporting and quality of the economic evaluations. Data were extracted from the final set of articles and presented in a table of characteristics of included studies, an overview of study methods of included studies, and a summarization of outcomes of included studies. RESULTS A total of 19 studies met all inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies were in the first-line treatment setting (n = 15). Included CEAs varied in the interventions and comparators being evaluated and were conducted from different country perspectives, limiting their comparability. Outcomes from the included CEAs showed that ALK inhibitors may be considered a cost-effective treatment option for patients with ALK+ NSCLC in the first-line and subsequent lines of treatment setting. However, the probability of cost effectiveness of ALK inhibitors ranged from 46 to 100% and were mostly achieved at willingness-to-pay thresholds of $100,000 USD or higher (> $30,000 or higher in China) in the first-line treatment setting and at thresholds of $50,000 USD or higher in subsequent lines of treatment setting. The number of published full-text CEAs is low and the studies represent a handful of country perspectives. The source of survival data was dependent on data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Where RCT data were not available, indirect treatment comparisons or matched adjusted indirect comparisons were performed using efficacy data from different clinical studies. Real world evidence was rarely used for efficacy and costing data inputs. CONCLUSION The findings summarized available evidence on cost effectiveness of ALK inhibitors for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic ALK+ NSCLC across lines of treatment settings and generated a valuable overview of analytical approaches utilized to support future economic analyses. To help further inform treatment and policy decisions, this review emphasizes the need for comparative cost effectiveness of multiple ALK inhibitors simultaneously using real-world data sources with broad representation of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Chayab
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Natasha B Leighl
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mina Tadrous
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William W L Wong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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14
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Thompson D, Lawrentschuk N, Bolton D. New Approaches to Targeting Epigenetic Regulation in Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061856. [PMID: 36980741 PMCID: PMC10046617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a growing field and in bladder cancer, it is of particular interest in advanced or metastatic disease. As opposed to genetic mutations in which the nucleotide sequence itself is altered, epigenetic alterations refer to changes to the genome that do not involve nucleotides. This is of great interest in cancer research because epigenetic alterations are reversible, making them a promising target for pharmacological agents. While chemoimmunotherapy is the mainstay for metastatic disease, there are few alternatives for patients who have progressed on first- or second-line treatment. By targeting reversible epigenetic alterations, novel epigenetic therapies are important potential treatment options for these patients. A search of clinical registries was performed in order to identify and collate epigenetic therapies currently in human trials. A literature search was also performed to identify therapies that are currently in preclinical stages, whether this be in vivo or in vitro models. Twenty-five clinical trials were identified that investigated the use of epigenetic inhibitors in patients with bladder cancer, often in combination with another agent, such as platinum-based chemotherapy or pembrolizumab. The main classes of epigenetic inhibitors studied include DNA-methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, and histone methyltransferase (HMT) inhibitors. At present, no phase 3 clinical trials have been registered. Few trials have published results, though DNMT inhibitors have shown the most promise thus far. Many patients with advanced or metastatic bladder cancer have limited treatment options, particularly when first- or second-line chemoimmunotherapy fails. Epigenetic alterations, which are common in bladder cancer, are potential targets for drug therapies, and these epigenetic agents are already in use for many cancers. While they have shown promise in pre-clinical trials for bladder cancer, more research is needed to assess their benefit in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Nathan Lawrentschuk
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Urology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
- EJ Whitten Prostate Cancer Research Centre at Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VC 3121, Australia
| | - Damien Bolton
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Correspondence:
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15
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Boughanem H, Kompella P, Tinahones FJ, Macias-Gonzalez M. An overview of vitamins as epidrugs for colorectal cancer prevention. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:455-479. [PMID: 36018754 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression altering epigenomic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromosome remodeling is crucial to regulating many biological processes. Several lifestyle factors, such as diet and natural, bioactive food compounds, such as vitamins, modify epigenetic patterns. However, epigenetic dysregulation can increase the risk of many diseases, including cancer. Various studies have provided supporting and contrasting evidence on the relationship between vitamins and cancer risk. Though there is a gap in knowledge about whether dietary vitamins can induce epigenetic modifications in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC), the possibility of using them as epidrugs for CRC treatment is being explored. This is promising because such studies might be informative about the most effective way to use vitamins in combination with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and other approved therapies to prevent and treat CRC. This review summarizes the available epidemiological and observational studies involving dietary, circulating levels, and supplementation of vitamins and their relationship with CRC risk. Additionally, using available in vitro, in vivo, and human observational studies, the role of vitamins as potential epigenetic modifiers in CRC is discussed. This review is focused on the action of vitamins as modifiers of DNA methylation because aberrant DNA methylation, together with genetic alterations, can induce the initiation and progression of CRC. Although this review presents some studies with promising results, studies with better study designs are necessary. A thorough understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of vitamin-mediated epigenetic regulation of CRC genes can help identify effective therapeutic targets for CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim Boughanem
- are with the Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,are with the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pallavi Kompella
- are with the Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,is with the Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- are with the Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,are with the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Macias-Gonzalez
- are with the Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,are with the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Abkenar BR, Mohammadi A, Amoli HA, Soleimani AA, Korani M, Mahmoodi H, Najafi M. Non-coding RNAs are correlated to TGF-β receptor type 2 in patients with colorectal cancer. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3472. [PMID: 36579810 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple molecular expression alterations, particularly in non-coding RNAs, play fundamental roles in the regulations of cellular processes and may relate to the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, we investigated the associations between TGFBR2, miR20a-5p and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LAMTOR5-AS1 in CRC patients. METHODS Colorectal cancer and adjacent normal tissue samples (n = 34) were prepared from CRC patients. The associations between TGFBR2, miR20a-5p and lncRNA LAMTOR5-AS1 were predicted using bioinformatics tools. The expression levels of TGFBR2, miR20a-5p and lncRNA LAMTOR5-AS1 were measured using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. The TGFBR2 protein values were measured by western blotting. The clinical importance of lncRNA LAMTOR5-AS1 was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS The up-regulated levels of TGFBR2 (p = 0.02), TGFBR2 protein (p = 0.008) and lncRNA LAMTOR5-AS1 (p = 0.02) were significantly observed in CRC tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. The miR20a-5p expression level (p = 0.009) was downregulated in CRC tissues. In addition, the miR20a-5p expression level was inversely correlated to the TGFBR2 gene (r2 = 0.88, p < 0.0001), protein (r2 = 0.95, p < 0.0001) and lncRNA LAMTOR5-AS1 gene (r2 = 0.93, p < 0.0001) expression levels. Based on the area under curve, the increase of lncRNA LAMTOR5-AS1 expression level with a sensitivity of 64.52% and specificity of 65.52% was considered in CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS We propose that miR20a-5p is inversely related to long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LAMTOR5-AS, such that it may be involved in the regulation of TGFBR2 expression level in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asghar Mohammadi
- Shohada Hospital of Tarom, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hadi Ahmadi Amoli
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Korani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Mahmoodi
- Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Ding Y, Pan Q, Gao W, Pu Y, Luo K, He B. Reactive oxygen species-upregulating nanomedicines towards enhanced cancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1182-1214. [PMID: 36606593 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01833k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes, emerging as a therapeutic target in cancer. Owing to the high concentration of ROS in solid tumor tissues, ROS-based treatments, such as photodynamic therapy and chemodynamic therapy, and ROS-responsive drug delivery systems have been widely explored to powerfully and specifically suppress tumors. However, their anticancer efficacy is still hampered by the heterogeneous ROS levels, and thus comprehensively upregulating the ROS levels in tumor tissues can ensure an enhanced therapeutic effect, which can further sensitize and/or synergize with other therapies to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Herein, we review the recently emerging drug delivery strategies and technologies for increasing the H2O2, ˙OH, 1O2, and ˙O2- concentrations in cancer cells, including the efficient delivery of natural enzymes, nanozymes, small molecular biological molecules, and nanoscale Fenton-reagents and semiconductors and neutralization of intracellular antioxidant substances and localized input of mechanical and electromagnetic waves (such as ultrasound, near infrared light, microwaves, and X-rays). The applications of these ROS-upregulating nanosystems in enhancing and synergizing cancer therapies including chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are surveyed. In addition, we discuss the challenges of ROS-upregulating systems and the prospects for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Qingqing Pan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wenxia Gao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuji Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Multiomics characteristics and immunotherapeutic potential of EZH2 in pan-cancer. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232355. [PMID: 36545914 PMCID: PMC9842950 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a significant epigenetic regulator that plays a critical role in the development and progression of cancer. However, the multiomics features and immunological effects of EZH2 in pan-cancer remain unclear. Transcriptome and clinical raw data of pan-cancer samples were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and subsequent data analyses were conducted by using R software (version 4.1.0). Furthermore, numerous bioinformatics analysis databases also reapplied to comprehensively explore and elucidate the oncogenic mechanism and therapeutic potential of EZH2 from pan-cancer insight. Finally, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical assays were performed to verify the differential expression of EZH2 gene in various cancers at the mRNA and protein levels. EZH2 was widely expressed in multiple normal and tumor tissues, predominantly located in the nucleoplasm. Compared with matched normal tissues, EZH2 was aberrantly expressed in most cancers either at the mRNA or protein level, which might be caused by genetic mutations, DNA methylation, and protein phosphorylation. Additionally, EZH2 expression was correlated with clinical prognosis, and its up-regulation usually indicated poor survival outcomes in cancer patients. Subsequent analysis revealed that EZH2 could promote tumor immune evasion through T-cell dysfunction and T-cell exclusion. Furthermore, expression of EZH2 exhibited a strong correlation with several immunotherapy-associated responses (i.e., immune checkpoint molecules, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), mismatch repair (MMR) status, and neoantigens), suggesting that EZH2 appeared to be a novel target for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy.
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19
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Sakshi, Ragini, Saini A, Verma C, Mani I. Epigenetics in renal diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 198:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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20
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Pan-cancer analysis based on epigenetic modification explains the value of HJURP in the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20871. [PMID: 36460821 PMCID: PMC9718852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze the expression levels, prognostic value and immune infiltration association of Holliday junction protein (HJURP) as well as its feasibility as a pan-cancer biomarker for different cancers. The Protter online tool was utilized to obtain the localization of HJURP, then the methylation of HJURP in tumors were further explored. Thereafter, the mRNA data and clinical characteristics of 33 tumor types from TCGA database were obtained to investigate the expression and prognostic relationship of HJURP in different tumor types. Finally, the composition pattern and immune infiltration of HJURP in different tumors were detected in Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. HJURP was abnormally expressed in most of the cancer types and subtypes in TCGA database. Also, it was associated with poor prognosis of different cohorts. At the same time, the results also showed that HJURP was related to tumor immune evasion through different mechanisms, including T cell rejection and methylation in different cancer types. Besides, the methylation of HJURP was inversely proportional to mRNA expression levels, which mediated the dysfunctional phenotypes of T cells and poor prognosis of different cancer types. Alternatively, our results indicated that HJURP expression was associated with immune cell infiltration in a variety of cancers. HJURP may serve as an oncogenic molecule, and its expression and immune infiltration characteristics can be used as a biomarker for cancer detection, prognosis, treatment design and follow-up.
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21
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Huang X, Zhu L, Wang L, Huang W, Tan L, Liu H, Huo J, Su T, Zhang M, Kuang M, Li X, Dai Z, Xu L. YTHDF1 promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression via regulating EGFR mRNA translation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1156-1168. [PMID: 35233828 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly aggressive disease with the underlying mechanisms poorly understood. YTHDF1, an N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) reader protein, has important physiological functions in regulation of tumor development. However, the effect of YTHDF1 on ICC progression remains unknown yet. METHODS The expression level of YTHDF1 in human ICC tissue was examined in The Cancer Genome Atlas database and our cohort. The role of YTHDF1 was detected using two human ICC cell lines in vitro. An ICC tumorigenesis mouse model was established via hydrodynamic transfection of AKT/YAP plasmids. m6 A sequencing, RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, and RNA sequencing were carried out to explore the mechanism of YTHDF1 modulating ICC progression. RESULTS Here, we find that YTHDF1 is upregulated in ICC and associated with shorter survival of ICC patients. Depletion of YTHDF1 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while overexpression of wild-type YTHDF1, but not m6 A reader domain mutant YTHDF1, significantly enhances tumor cell growth and aggressive abilities in vitro. Moreover, overexpression of YTHDF1 promotes the AKT/YAP transfection-induced orthotopic ICC tumorigenesis and progression in vivo. Mechanistically, we identify that YTHDF1 regulates the translation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA via binding m6 A sites in the 3'-UTR of EGFR transcript, thus leading to aberrant activities of downstream signal pathways that impact tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS Our data uncover the oncogenic function and m6 A reader-dependent mechanism of YTHDF1 in regulation of ICC progression. Restricting abnormal oncogenic mRNA translation by targeting YTHDF1 may be a novel and promising strategy for ICC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lefan Zhu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Tan
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haining Liu
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihui Huo
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianhong Su
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Dai
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Abstract
The potential therapeutic uses of electromagnetic fields (EMF), part of the nonionizing radiation spectrum, increase with time. Among them, those considering the potential antitumor effects exerted by the Magnetic Fields (MFs), part of the EMF entity, have gained more and more interest. A recent review on this subject reports the MFs' effect on apoptosis of tumor cells as one of the most important breakthroughs. Apoptosis is considered a key mechanism regulating the genetic stability of cells and as such is considered of fundamental importance in cancer initiation and development. According to an atomic/sub-atomic analysis, based on quantum physics, of the complexity of biological life and the role played by oxygen and its radicals in cancer biology, a possible biophysical mechanism is described. The mechanism considers the influence of MFs on apoptosis through an effect on electron spin that is able to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration. Impacting on the delicate balance between ROS production and ROS elimination in tumor cells is considered a promising cancer therapy, affecting different biological processes, such as apoptosis and metastasis. An analysis in the literature, which allows correlation between MFs exposure characteristics and their influence on apoptosis and ROS concentration, supports the validity of the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Tofani
- Department of Medical Physics, Ivrea Hospital - ASL Torino Nord-Ovest TO4, Ivrea Torino, Italy.,Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Ivrea Torino, Italy
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23
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Dai L, Tao Y, Shi Z, Liang W, Hu W, Xing Z, Zhou S, Guo X, Fu X, Wang X. SOCS3 Acts as an Onco-immunological Biomarker With Value in Assessing the Tumor Microenvironment, Pathological Staging, Histological Subtypes, Therapeutic Effect, and Prognoses of Several Types of Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:881801. [PMID: 35600392 PMCID: PMC9122507 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.881801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family contains eight members, including SOCS1–7 and CIS, and SOCS3 has been shown to inhibit cytokine signal transduction in various signaling pathways. Although several studies have currently shown the correlations between SOCS3 and several types of cancer, no pan-cancer analysis is available to date. We used various computational tools to explore the expression and pathogenic roles of SOCS3 in several types of cancer, assessing its potential role in the pathogenesis of cancer, in tumor immune infiltration, tumor progression, immune evasion, therapeutic response, and prognostic. The results showed that SOCS3 was downregulated in most The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancer datasets but was highly expressed in brain tumors, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, and lymphoma. High SOCS3 expression in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain lower-grade glioma (LGG) were verified through immunohistochemical experiments. GEPIA and Kaplan–Meier Plotter were used, and this bioinformatics analysis showed that high SOCS3 expression was associated with a poor prognosis in the majority of cancers, including LGG and GBM. Our analysis also indicated that SOCS3 may be involved in tumor immune evasion via immune cell infiltration or T-cell exclusion across different types of cancer. In addition, SOCS3 methylation was negatively correlated with mRNA expression levels, worse prognoses, and dysfunctional T-cell phenotypes in various types of cancer. Next, different analytical methods were used to select genes related to SOCS3 gene alterations and carcinogenic characteristics, such as STAT3, SNAI1, NFKBIA, BCL10, TK1, PGS1, BIRC5, TMC8, and AFMID, and several biological functions were identified between them. We found that SOCS3 was involved in cancer development primarily through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and cytokine receptor activity. Furthermore, SOCS3 expression levels were associated with immunotherapy or chemotherapy for numerous types of cancer. In conclusion, this study showed that SOCS3 is an immune-oncogenic molecule that may possess value as a biomarker for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of several types of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Dai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zimin Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wulong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaolong Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Guo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xudong Fu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinjun Wang,
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24
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The Fight against Cancer by Microgravity: The Multicellular Spheroid as a Metastasis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063073. [PMID: 35328492 PMCID: PMC8953941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease exhibiting uncontrollable cell growth and spreading to other parts of the organism. It is a heavy, worldwide burden for mankind with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, groundbreaking research and innovations are necessary. Research in space under microgravity (µg) conditions is a novel approach with the potential to fight cancer and develop future cancer therapies. Space travel is accompanied by adverse effects on our health, and there is a need to counteract these health problems. On the cellular level, studies have shown that real (r-) and simulated (s-) µg impact survival, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and adhesion as well as the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix, focal adhesion, and growth factors in cancer cells. Moreover, the µg-environment induces in vitro 3D tumor models (multicellular spheroids and organoids) with a high potential for preclinical drug targeting, cancer drug development, and studying the processes of cancer progression and metastasis on a molecular level. This review focuses on the effects of r- and s-µg on different types of cells deriving from thyroid, breast, lung, skin, and prostate cancer, as well as tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, we summarize the current knowledge of the impact of µg on cancerous stem cells. The information demonstrates that µg has become an important new technology for increasing current knowledge of cancer biology.
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25
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An integrated analysis of the effects of maternal broccoli sprouts exposure on transcriptome and methylome in prevention of offspring mammary cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264858. [PMID: 35263365 PMCID: PMC8906608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts (BSp), a cruciferous vegetable, has shown promising effects on prevention of many types of cancer including breast cancer (BC). BC has a developmental foundation, and maternal nutrition status may influence an offspring’s risk to BC later in life. What is less understood, however, is the influence of maternal nutrition intervention on reversing epigenomic abnormalities that are essential in BC programming during early development. Our research focused on how maternal exposure to BSp diet prevents offspring BC and investigation of possible epigenetic mechanisms during these processes. Our results showed that maternal feeding of BSp can prevent mammary tumor development in the offspring of a transgenic mouse model. Through comprehensive integrated multi-omics studies on transcriptomic and methylomic analysis, we identified numerous target genes exhibiting significantly differential gene expression and DNA methylation patterns in the offspring mammary tumor. We discovered that maternal exposure to BSp diet can induce both gene and methylation changes in several key genes such as Avpr2, Cyp4a12b, Dpp6, Gria2, Pcdh9 and Tspan11 that are correlated with pivotal biological functions during carcinogenesis. In addition, we found an impact of maternal BSp treatment on DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylases activity. Our study provides knowledgeable information regarding how maternal BSp diet influences key tumor-related gene expression and the epigenetic changes using a genome-wide perspective. Additionally, these findings provide mechanistic insights into the effectiveness of maternal BSp administration on the prevention of BC in the offspring later in life, which may lead to an early-life BC chemopreventive strategy that benefits the progenies’ long-term health.
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26
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Merlin JPJ, Li X. Role of Nanotechnology and Their Perspectives in the Treatment of Kidney Diseases. Front Genet 2022; 12:817974. [PMID: 35069707 PMCID: PMC8766413 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.817974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are differing in particle size, charge, shape, and compatibility of targeting ligands, which are linked to improved pharmacologic characteristics, targetability, and bioavailability. Researchers are now tasked with developing a solution for enhanced renal treatment that is free of side effects and delivers the medicine to the active spot. A growing number of nano-based medication delivery devices are being used to treat renal disorders. Kidney disease management and treatment are currently causing a substantial global burden. Renal problems are multistep processes involving the accumulation of a wide range of molecular and genetic alterations that have been related to a variety of kidney diseases. Renal filtration is a key channel for drug elimination in the kidney, as well as a burgeoning topic of nanomedicine. Although the use of nanotechnology in the treatment of renal illnesses is still in its early phases, it offers a lot of potentials. In this review, we summarized the properties of the kidney and characteristics of drug delivery systems, which affect a drug’s ability should focus on the kidney and highlight the possibilities, problems, and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Jose Merlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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27
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Paredes-Céspedes DM, Bernal-Hernández YY, Herrera-Moreno JF, Rojas-García AE, Medina-Díaz IM, González-Arias CA, Barrón-Vivanco BS. Methylation patterns of the CDKN2B and CDKN2A genes in an indigenous population exposed to pesticides. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211063161. [DOI: 10.1177/09603271211063161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The INK4 -ARF locus includes the CDKN2B and CDKN2A genes and is functionally relevant in the regulation of both cell proliferation and senescence. Studies have reported modifications of DNA methylation in this locus by exposure to environmental contaminants including pesticides; however, until now, specific methylation profiles have not been reported in genetically conserved populations exposed to occupational pesticides. The aim of this study was to determine the methylation profiles of the CDKN2B and CDKN2A genes in a genetically conserved population exposed to pesticides. A cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out in 190 Huichol indigenous persons. Information related to pesticide exposure, diet and other variables were obtained through the use of a structured questionnaire. Blood and urine samples were collected for methylation test and dialkylphosphates (DAP) determination, respectively. DNA methylation was measured by the pyrosequencing of bisulfite-treated DNA and DAP concentrations by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The most frequent metabolite in the population was dimethylthiophosphate. The farmer group presented a higher methylation percentage of CDKN2B than the non-farmer group, but no differences in CDKN2A were observed between groups. A positive correlation between methylation of CpG site 3 of CDKN2B and time working in the field was observed in the farmer group. An association between methylation percentage of CDKN2B and age was also observed in the non-farmer group. These results suggest that pesticide exposure and exposure time in Huichol indigenous individuals could modify the methylation pattern of the CDKN2B gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Paredes-Céspedes
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
| | - Yael Yvette Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Cyndia A González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Briscia Socorro Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
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28
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Silver Nanoparticles: An Instantaneous Solution for Anticancer Activity against Human Liver (HepG2) and Breast (MCF-7) Cancer Cells. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a cataclysmic disease that affects not only the target organ, but also the whole body. Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) have recently emerged as a better option for the treatment of this deadly disease. Accordingly, the present work describes a means to control the growth of cancer cells by using colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) processed via homemade solutions and the characterization of these materials. The AgNPs may become an instantaneous solution for the treatment of these deadly diseases and to minimize or remove these problems. The AgNPs exhibit excellent control of the growth rate of human liver (HepG2) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells, even at a very low concentrations. The cytotoxic effects of AgNPs on HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cells were dose dependent (2–200 μg/mL), as evaluated using MTT and NRU assays. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased by 136% and 142% in HepG2 and MCF-7 cells treated with AgNPs, respectively. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data for both cell types (HepG2 and MCF-7) after exposure to AgNPs showed up- and downregulation of the expression of apoptotic (p53, Bax, caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic (BCl2) genes; moreover, their roles were described. This work shows that NPs were successfully prepared and controlled the growth of both types of cancer cells.
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29
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Adimulam T, Arumugam T, Foolchand A, Ghazi T, Chuturgoon AA. The Effect of Organoselenium Compounds on Histone Deacetylase Inhibition and Their Potential for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312952. [PMID: 34884764 PMCID: PMC8657714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic changes alter gene expression, contributing to cancer. Epigenetic changes in cancer arise from alterations in DNA and histone modifications that lead to tumour suppressor gene silencing and the activation of oncogenes. The acetylation status of histones and non-histone proteins are determined by the histone deacetylases and histone acetyltransferases that control gene transcription. Organoselenium compounds have become promising contenders in cancer therapeutics. Apart from their anti-oxidative effects, several natural and synthetic organoselenium compounds and metabolites act as histone deacetylase inhibitors, which influence the acetylation status of histones and non-histone proteins, altering gene transcription. This review aims to summarise the effect of natural and synthetic organoselenium compounds on histone and non-histone protein acetylation/deacetylation in cancer therapy.
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30
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Wang X, Xie L, Zhu L. Clinicopathological significance of HSP70 expression in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:437. [PMID: 34809574 PMCID: PMC8609754 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been associated with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of many cancers types, implying that it is a potential cancer biomarker. However, no consensus has been reached regarding its clinicopathological and prognostic significance in patients with gastric cancer. To address this gap, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for full-text literature according to the eligibility criteria. We used the odds ratio and hazard ratio as the suitable parameters to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of HSP70. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA 15.0. Results After inclusion and exclusion of studies based on the eligibility criteria, data of 1,307 patients with gastric cancer from 9 studies were finally included. The pooled outcomes implied that HSP70 expression was significantly correlated with higher differentiation degrees, intestinal gastric cancer, and lymphovascular invasion but not with age, gender, depth of invasion, Helicobacter pylori infection, lymph node invasion, TNM stages, and metastasis. The pooled HR showed no significant correlation between HSP70 expression and overall survival of gastric cancer patients. Conclusions Our meta-analysis showed that HSP70 plays a complicated role in the development of gastric cancer. It may be directly engaged in tumour differentiation and distant invasion but cannot be considered a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xie
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijing Zhu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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31
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Routholla G, Pulya S, Patel T, Adhikari N, Abdul Amin S, Paul M, Bhagavatula S, Biswas S, Jha T, Ghosh B. Design, synthesis and binding mode of interaction of novel small molecule o-hydroxy benzamides as HDAC3-selective inhibitors with promising antitumor effects in 4T1-Luc breast cancer xenograft model. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105446. [PMID: 34717237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is one of the most promising targets to develop anticancer therapeutics. In continuation of our quest for selective HDAC3 inhibitors, a series of small molecules having o-hydroxy benzamide as the novel zinc binding group (ZBG) has been introduced for the first time that can be able to produce good HDAC3-selectivity over other HDACs. The most promising HDAC3 inhibitors, 11a and 12b, displayed promising in vitro anticancer activities with less toxicity to normal kidney cells. These compounds significantly upregulate histone acetylation and induce apoptosis with a G2/M phase arrest in B16F10 cells. Compound 11a exhibited potent antitumor efficacy in 4T1-Luc breast cancer xenograft mouse model in female Balb/c mice. It also showed significant tumor growth suppression with no general toxicity and extended survival rates post-tumor resection. It significantly induced higher ROS generation, leading to apoptosis. No considerable toxicity was noticed in major organs isolated from the compound 11a-treated mice. Compound 11a also induced the upregulation of acH3K9, acH4K12, caspase-3 and caspase-7 as analyzed by immunoblotting with treated tumor tissue. Overall, HDAC3 selective inhibitor 11a might be a potential lead for the clinical translation as an emerging drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Routholla
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Sravani Pulya
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Tarun Patel
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Milan Paul
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Srividya Bhagavatula
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India.
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Schäker-Hübner L, Warstat R, Ahlert H, Mishra P, Kraft FB, Schliehe-Diecks J, Schöler A, Borkhardt A, Breit B, Bhatia S, Hügle M, Günther S, Hansen FK. 4-Acyl Pyrrole Capped HDAC Inhibitors: A New Scaffold for Hybrid Inhibitors of BET Proteins and Histone Deacetylases as Antileukemia Drug Leads. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14620-14646. [PMID: 34582215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multitarget drugs are an emerging alternative to combination therapies. In three iterative cycles of design, synthesis, and biological evaluation, we developed a novel type of potent hybrid inhibitors of bromodomain, and extra-terminal (BET) proteins and histone deacetylases (HDACs) based on the BET inhibitor XD14 and well-established HDAC inhibitors. The most promising new hybrids, 49 and 61, displayed submicromolar inhibitory activity against HDAC1-3 and 6, and BRD4(1), and possess potent antileukemia activity. 49 induced apoptosis more effectively than the combination of ricolinostat and birabresib (1:1). The most balanced dual inhibitor, 61, induced significantly more apoptosis than the related control compounds 62 (no BRD4(1) affinity) and 63 (no HDAC inhibition) as well as the 1:1 combination of both. Additionally, 61 was well tolerated in an in vivo zebrafish toxicity model. Overall, our data suggest an advantage of dual HDAC/BET inhibitors over the combination of two single targeted compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Schäker-Hübner
- Institut für Wirkstoffentwicklung, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robin Warstat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Ahlert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pankaj Mishra
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 9, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian B Kraft
- Institut für Wirkstoffentwicklung, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Abteilung für Pharmazeutische und Zellbiologische Chemie, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Schliehe-Diecks
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Schöler
- Institut für Wirkstoffentwicklung, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sanil Bhatia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Hügle
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 9, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Finn K Hansen
- Institut für Wirkstoffentwicklung, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Abteilung für Pharmazeutische und Zellbiologische Chemie, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Wu SY, Lin KC, Lawal B, Wu ATH, Wu CZ. MXD3 as an onco-immunological biomarker encompassing the tumor microenvironment, disease staging, prognoses, and therapeutic responses in multiple cancer types. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4970-4983. [PMID: 34584637 PMCID: PMC8441106 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MAX dimerization (MXD) protein 3 (MXD3) is a member of the MXD family of basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine-zipper (bHLHZ) transcription factors that plays pivotal roles in cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. However, there is insufficient scientific evidence on the pathogenic roles of MXD3 in various cancers and whether MXD3 plays a role in the immuno-oncology context of the tumor microenvironment, pathogenesis, prognosis, and therapeutic response of different tumors through certain common molecular mechanisms; thus, we saw a need to conduct the present in silico pan-cancer study. Using various computational tools, we interrogated the role of MXD3 in tumor immune infiltration, immune evasion, tumor progression, therapy response, and prognosis of cohorts from various cancer types. Our results indicated that MXD3 was aberrantly expressed in almost all The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancer types and subtypes and was associated with the tumor stage, metastasis, and worse prognoses of various cohorts. Our results also suggested that MXD3 is associated with tumor immune evasion via different mechanisms involving T-cell exclusion in different cancer types and by tumor infiltration of immune cells in thymoma (THYM), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). Methylation of MXD3 was inversely associated with messenger (m)RNA expression levels and mediated dysfunctional T-cell phenotypes and worse prognoses of cohorts from different cancer types. Finally, we found that genetic alterations and oncogenic features of MXD3 were concomitantly associated with deregulation of the DBN1, RAB24, SLC34A1, PRELID1, LMAN2, F12, GRK6, RGS14, PRR7, and PFN3 genes and were connected to phospholipid transport and ion homeostasis. Our results also suggested that MXD3 expression is associated with immune or chemotherapeutic outcomes in various cancers. In addition, higher MXD3 expression levels were associated with decreased sensitivity of cancer cell lines to several mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors but led to increased activities of other kinase inhibitors, including Akt inhibitors. Interestingly, MXD3 exhibited higher predictive power for response outcomes and overall survival of immune checkpoint blockade sub-cohorts than three of seven standardized biomarkers. Altogether, our study strongly suggests that MXD3 is an immune-oncogenic molecule and could serve as a biomarker for cancer detection, prognosis, therapeutic design, and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yuan Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Big Data Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Centers for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chou Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bashir Lawal
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- The PhD Program of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Heart Institute (THI), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Zong Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Lotung Poh-Ai hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
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Cross-Talk between Oxidative Stress and m 6A RNA Methylation in Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6545728. [PMID: 34484567 PMCID: PMC8416400 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6545728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation. Excessive ROS levels are an important factor in tumor development. Damage stimulation and excessive activation of oncogenes cause elevated ROS production in cancer, accompanied by an increase in the antioxidant capacity to retain redox homeostasis in tumor cells at an increased level. Although moderate concentrations of ROS produced in cancer cells contribute to maintaining cell survival and cancer progression, massive ROS accumulation can exert toxicity, leading to cancer cell death. RNA modification is a posttranscriptional control mechanism that regulates gene expression and RNA metabolism, and m6A RNA methylation is the most common type of RNA modification in eukaryotes. m6A modifications can modulate cellular ROS levels through different mechanisms. It is worth noting that ROS signaling also plays a regulatory role in m6A modifications. In this review, we concluded the effects of m6A modification and oxidative stress on tumor biological functions. In particular, we discuss the interplay between oxidative stress and m6A modifications.
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Abstract
Epigenetics examines heritable changes in DNA and its associated proteins except mutations in gene sequence. Epigenetic regulation plays fundamental roles in kidney cell biology through the action of DNA methylation, chromatin modification via epigenetic regulators and non-coding RNA species. Kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease and renal fibrosis are multistep processes associated with numerous molecular alterations even in individual kidney cells. Epigenetic alterations, including anomalous DNA methylation, aberrant histone alterations and changes of microRNA expression all contribute to kidney pathogenesis. These changes alter the genome-wide epigenetic signatures and disrupt essential pathways that protect renal cells from uncontrolled growth, apoptosis and development of other renal associated syndromes. Molecular changes impact cellular function within kidney cells and its microenvironment to drive and maintain disease phenotype. In this chapter, we briefly summarize epigenetic mechanisms in four kidney diseases including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease and renal fibrosis. We primarily focus on current knowledge about the genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation and histone modification, and epigenetic regulation on specific gene(s) in the pathophysiology of these diseases and the translational potential of identifying new biomarkers and treatment for prevention and therapy. Incorporating epigenomic testing into clinical research is essential to elucidate novel epigenetic biomarkers and develop precision medicine using emerging therapies.
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Routholla G, Pulya S, Patel T, Abdul Amin S, Adhikari N, Biswas S, Jha T, Ghosh B. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking analysis of novel linker-less benzamide based potent and selective HDAC3 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105050. [PMID: 34120025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel linker-less benzamides with different aryl and heteroaryl cap groups have been designed, synthesized, and screened as potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors with promising anticancer activity. Two lead compounds 5e and 5f were found as potent and highly selective HDAC3 inhibitors over other Class-I HDACs and HDAC6. Compound 5e bearing a 6-quinolinyl moiety as the cap group was found to be a highly potent HDAC3 inhibitor (IC50 = 560 nM) and displayed 46-fold selectivity for HDAC3 over HDAC2, and 33-fold selectivity for HDAC3 over HDAC1. The synthesized compounds possess antiproliferative activities against different cancer cell lines and significantly less cytotoxic to normal cells. Molecular Docking studies of compounds 5e and 5f reveal a similar binding mode of interactions as CI994 at the HDAC3 active site. These observations agreed with the in vitro HDAC3 inhibitory activities. Significant enhancement of the endogenous acetylation level on H3K9 and H4K12 was found when B16F10 cells were treated with compounds 5e and 5f in a dose-dependent manner. The compounds induced apoptotic cell death in Annexin-V/FITC-PI assay and caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase of cell cycle in B16F10 cells. These compounds may serve as potential HDAC3 inhibitory anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Routholla
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Sravani Pulya
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Tarun Patel
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India.
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Mezlini AM, Das S, Goldenberg A. Finding associations in a heterogeneous setting: statistical test for aberration enrichment. Genome Med 2021; 13:68. [PMID: 33892787 PMCID: PMC8066476 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most two-group statistical tests find broad patterns such as overall shifts in mean, median, or variance. These tests may not have enough power to detect effects in a small subset of samples, e.g., a drug that works well only on a few patients. We developed a novel statistical test targeting such effects relevant for clinical trials, biomarker discovery, feature selection, etc. We focused on finding meaningful associations in complex genetic diseases in gene expression, miRNA expression, and DNA methylation. Our test outperforms traditional statistical tests in simulated and experimental data and detects potentially disease-relevant genes with heterogeneous effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz M. Mezlini
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Genetics and genome biology, Hospital for sick children, Toronto, Canada
- The Vector Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Evidation Health, Inc., San Mateo, CA USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Anna Goldenberg
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Genetics and genome biology, Hospital for sick children, Toronto, Canada
- The Vector Institute, Toronto, Canada
- CIFAR, Toronto, Canada
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Ponte LGS, Pavan ICB, Mancini MCS, da Silva LGS, Morelli AP, Severino MB, Bezerra RMN, Simabuco FM. The Hallmarks of Flavonoids in Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:2029. [PMID: 33918290 PMCID: PMC8038160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids represent an important group of bioactive compounds derived from plant-based foods and beverages with known biological activity in cells. From the modulation of inflammation to the inhibition of cell proliferation, flavonoids have been described as important therapeutic adjuvants against several diseases, including diabetes, arteriosclerosis, neurological disorders, and cancer. Cancer is a complex and multifactor disease that has been studied for years however, its prevention is still one of the best known and efficient factors impacting the epidemiology of the disease. In the molecular and cellular context, some of the mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and the progression of the disease are understood, known as the hallmarks of cancer. In this text, we review important molecular signaling pathways, including inflammation, immunity, redox metabolism, cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle, and analyze the known mechanisms of action of flavonoids in cancer. The current literature provides enough evidence supporting that flavonoids may be important adjuvants in cancer therapy, highlighting the importance of healthy and balanced diets to prevent the onset and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gustavo Saboia Ponte
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
- Laboratory of Signal Mechanisms (LMS), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camargo Silva Mancini
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Luiz Guilherme Salvino da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Ana Paula Morelli
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Matheus Brandemarte Severino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Rosangela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
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Hegde M, Joshi MB. Comprehensive analysis of regulation of DNA methyltransferase isoforms in human breast tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:937-971. [PMID: 33604794 PMCID: PMC7954751 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significant reprogramming of epigenome is widely described during pathogenesis of breast cancer. Transformation of normal cell to hyperplastic cell and to neoplastic phenotype is associated with aberrant DNA (de)methylation, which, through promoter and enhancer methylation changes, activates oncogenes and silence tumor suppressor genes in variety of tumors including breast. DNA methylation, one of the major epigenetic mechanisms is catalyzed by evolutionarily conserved isoforms namely, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B in humans. Over the years, studies have demonstrated intricate and complex regulation of DNMT isoforms at transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. The recent findings of allosteric regulation of DNMT isoforms and regulation by other interacting chromatin modifying proteins emphasizes functional integrity and their contribution for the development of breast cancer and progression. DNMT isoforms are regulated by several intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. In the present review, we have extensively performed bioinformatics analysis of expression of DNMT isoforms along with their transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators such as transcription factors, interacting proteins, hormones, cytokines and dietary elements along with their significance during pathogenesis of breast tumors. Our review manuscript provides a comprehensive understanding of key factors regulating DNMT isoforms in breast tumor pathology and documents unsolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Construction of a ternary nano-architecture based graphene oxide sheets, toward electrocatalytic determination of tumor-associated anti-p53 autoantibodies in human serum. Talanta 2021; 230:122276. [PMID: 33934760 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Almost 13% of all death in the world is related to cancer. One of the major reasons for failing cancer treatment is the late diagnosis of the tumors. Thus, diagnosis at the early stages could be vital for the treatment. Serum autoantibodies, as tumor markers, are becoming interesting targets due to their medical and biological relevance. Among them, anti-p53 autoantibody in human sera is found to be involved in a variety of cancers. Regarding this issue, a novel and sensitive electrochemical biosensor for detection of anti-p53 autoantibody has been developed. For this purpose, a nanocomposite including thionine (as an electron transfer mediator)/chitosan/nickel hydroxide nanoparticles/electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (Th-CS-Ni(OH)2NPs-ERGO) as a support platform was fabricated on the surface of glassy carbon electrode via a layer-by-layer manner and characterized through common electrochemical and imaging techniques. Then, p53-antigen was immobilized on the nanocomposite and used in an indirect immunoassay with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody and H2O2 as the substrate, following the typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Under optimized condition, two techniques, including differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) as a label free technique, applied for the biomarker detection. The linear ranges and LODs were obtained 0.1-500 pg mL-1 and 0.001 pg mL-1 using DPV and 5-150 pg mL-1 and 0.007 pg mL-1 using EIS, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed biosensor displayed satisfying stability, selectivity, and reproducibility. According to the results, the presented protocol is promising to develop other electrochemical biosensors.
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Arora L, Pal D. Remodeling of Stromal Cells and Immune Landscape in Microenvironment During Tumor Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:596798. [PMID: 33763348 PMCID: PMC7982455 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.596798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular understanding of carcinogenesis and tumor progression rests in intra and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. Solid tumors confined with vast diversity of genetic abnormalities, epigenetic modifications, and environmental cues that differ at each stage from tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Complexity within tumors studied by conventional molecular techniques fails to identify different subclasses in stromal and immune cells in individuals and that affects immunotherapies. Here we focus on diversity of stromal cell population and immune inhabitants, whose subtypes create the complexity of tumor microenvironment (TME), leading primary tumors towards advanced-stage cancers. Recent advances in single-cell sequencing (epitope profiling) approach circumscribes phenotypic markers, molecular pathways, and evolutionary trajectories of an individual cell. We discussed the current knowledge of stromal and immune cell subclasses at different stages of cancer development with the regulatory role of non-coding RNAs. Finally, we reported the current therapeutic options in immunotherapies, advances in therapies targeting heterogeneity, and possible outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Arora
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
| | - Durba Pal
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, D'Antongiovanni V, Turiello R, Morello S, Haskó G, Blandizzi C. Adenosine Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:145-167. [PMID: 33123998 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine, deriving from ATP released by dying cancer cells and then degradated in the tumor environment by CD39/CD73 enzyme axis, is linked to the generation of an immunosuppressed niche favoring the onset of neoplasia. Signals delivered by extracellular adenosine are detected and transduced by G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors, classified into four subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. A critical role of this nucleoside is emerging in the modulation of several immune and nonimmune cells defining the tumor microenvironment, providing novel insights about the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at undermining the immune-privileged sites where cancer cells grow and proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Turiello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,PhD Program in Drug discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Paredes-Céspedes DM, Rojas-García AE, Medina-Díaz IM, Ramos KS, Herrera-Moreno JF, Barrón-Vivanco BS, González-Arias CA, Bernal-Hernández YY. Environmental and socio-cultural impacts on global DNA methylation in the indigenous Huichol population of Nayarit, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4472-4487. [PMID: 32940839 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of global DNA methylation have been evaluated in several studies worldwide; however, Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements-1 (LINE-1) methylation in genetically conserved populations such as indigenous communities have not, to our knowledge, been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between LINE-1 methylation patterns and factors such as pesticide exposure and socio-cultural characteristics in the Indigenous Huichol Population of Nayarit, Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 140 Huichol indigenous individuals. A structured questionnaire was used to determine general and anthropometric characteristics, diet, harmful habits, and pesticide exposure. DNA methylation was determined by pyrosequencing of bisulfite-treated DNA. A lower level of LINE-1 methylation was found in the indigenous population when compared to a Mestizo population previously studied by our group. This difference might be due to the influence of the genetic admixture and differing dietary and lifestyle habits. The males in the indigenous population exhibited increased LINE-1 methylation in comparison to the females. Sex and alcohol consumption showed positive associations with LINE-1 methylation, while weight, current work in the field, current pesticide usage, and folate intake exhibited negative associations with LINE-1 methylation. The results suggest that ethnicity, as well as other internal and environmental factors, might influence LINE-1 methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marcela Paredes-Céspedes
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. C.P, 6300, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. C.P, 6300, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. C.P, 6300, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Kenneth S Ramos
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 121 W. Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030 m EE,UU, USA
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. C.P, 6300, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Briscia Socorro Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. C.P, 6300, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Cyndia Azucena González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. C.P, 6300, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Yael Yvette Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. C.P, 6300, Tepic, Nayarit, México.
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Manasa P, Sidhanth C, Krishnapriya S, Vasudevan S, Ganesan TS. Oncogenes in high grade serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Genes Cancer 2020; 11:122-136. [PMID: 33488950 PMCID: PMC7805537 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by relatively few mutations occurring at low frequency, except in TP53. However other genetic aberrations such as copy number variation alter numerous oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes are positive regulators of tumorigenesis and play a critical role in cancer cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Accumulating evidence suggests that they are crucial for the development and the progression of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Though many oncogenes have been identified, no successful inhibitors targeting these molecules and their associated pathways are available. This review discusses oncogenes that have been identified recently in HGSOC using different screening strategies. All the genes discussed in this review have been functionally characterized both in vitro and in vivo and some of them are able to transform immortalized ovarian surface epithelial and fallopian tube cells upon overexpression. However, it is necessary to delineate the molecular pathways affected by these oncogenes for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pacharla Manasa
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Chirukandath Sidhanth
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Syama Krishnapriya
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Sekar Vasudevan
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Trivadi S Ganesan
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
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45
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Cui Y, Hunt A, Li Z, Birkin E, Lane J, Ruge F, Jiang WG. Lead DEAD/H box helicase biomarkers with the therapeutic potential identified by integrated bioinformatic approaches in lung cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:261-278. [PMID: 33425256 PMCID: PMC7779375 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DEAD/H box helicases are implicated in lung cancer but have not been systematically investigated for their clinical significance and function. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of DEAD/H box helicases as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer by integrated bioinformatic analysis of multivariate large-scale databases. Survival and differential expression analysis of these helicases enabled us to identify four biomarkers with the most significant alterations. These were found to be the negative prognostic factors DDX11, DDX55 and DDX56, and positive prognostic factor DDX5. Pathway enrichment analysis indicates that MYC signalling is negatively associated with expression levels of the DDX5 gene while positively associated with that of DDX11, DDX55 and DDX56. High expression levels of the DDX5 gene is associated with low mutation levels of TP53 and MUC16, the two most frequently mutated genes in lung cancer. In contrast, high expression levels of DDX11, DDX55 and DDX56 genes are associated with high levels of TP53 and MUC16 mutation. The tumour-infiltrated CD8 + T and B cells positively correlate with levels of DDX5 gene expression, while negatively correlate with that of the other three DEAD box helicases, respectively. Moreover, the DDX5-associated miRNA profile is distinguished from the miRNA profiles of DDX11, DDX55 and DDX56, although each DDX has a different miRNA signature. The identification of these four DDX helicases as biomarkers will be valuable for prognostic prediction and targeted therapeutic development in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Cui
- Cardiff China Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Adam Hunt
- Cardiff China Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Zhilei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Emily Birkin
- Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Jane Lane
- Cardiff China Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Fiona Ruge
- Cardiff China Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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Shi S, Xu M, Xi Y. Molecular subtypes based on DNA promoter methylation predict prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23917-23930. [PMID: 33237038 PMCID: PMC7762488 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) makes the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease difficult. Gene silencing of DNA methylation is an important mechanism of tumorigenesis. A combination of methylation and clinical features can improve the classification of LADC heterogeneity. RESULTS We investigated the prognostic significance of 335 specimen subgroups of Lung adenocarcinoma based on the DNA methylation level. The differences in DNA methylation levels were related to the TNM stage classification, age, gender, and prognostic values. Seven subtypes were determined using 774 CpG sites that significantly affected the survival rate based on the consensus clustering. Finally, we constructed a prognostic model that performed well and further verified it in our test group. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that classification based on DNA methylation might aid in demonstrating heterogeneity within formerly characterized LADC molecular subtypes, assisting in the development of efficient, personalized therapy. METHODS Methylation data of lung adenocarcinoma were downloaded from the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) cancer browser, and the clinical patient information and RNA-seq archives were acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). CpG sites were identified based on the significant correlation with the prognosis and used further to cluster the cases uniformly into several subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanping Shi
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mingjun Xu
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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47
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Rossi F, Noren H, Jove R, Beljanski V, Grinnemo KH. Differences and similarities between cancer and somatic stem cells: therapeutic implications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:489. [PMID: 33208173 PMCID: PMC7672862 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the cancer survival rate has increased due to personalized therapies, the discovery of targeted therapeutics and novel biological agents, and the application of palliative treatments. Despite these advances, tumor resistance to chemotherapy and radiation and rapid progression to metastatic disease are still seen in many patients. Evidence has shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs), a sub-population of cells that share many common characteristics with somatic stem cells (SSCs), contribute to this therapeutic failure. The most critical properties of CSCs are their self-renewal ability and their capacity for differentiation into heterogeneous populations of cancer cells. Although CSCs only constitute a low percentage of the total tumor mass, these cells can regrow the tumor mass on their own. Initially identified in leukemia, CSCs have subsequently been found in cancers of the breast, the colon, the pancreas, and the brain. Common genetic and phenotypic features found in both SSCs and CSCs, including upregulated signaling pathways such as Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog, and TGF-β. These pathways play fundamental roles in the development as well as in the control of cell survival and cell fate and are relevant to therapeutic targeting of CSCs. The differences in the expression of membrane proteins and exosome-delivered microRNAs between SSCs and CSCs are also important to specifically target the stem cells of the cancer. Further research efforts should be directed toward elucidation of the fundamental differences between SSCs and CSCs to improve existing therapies and generate new clinically relevant cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Rossi
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Hunter Noren
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Richard Jove
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Vladimir Beljanski
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA.
| | - Karl-Henrik Grinnemo
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Uppsala University, Akademiska University Hospital, Akademiska sjukhuset, ingång 50, 4 tr, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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48
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Autophagy and Redox Homeostasis in Parkinson's: A Crucial Balancing Act. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8865611. [PMID: 33224433 PMCID: PMC7671810 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8865611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated primarily from endogenous biochemical reactions in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and peroxisomes. Typically, ROS/RNS correlate with oxidative damage and cell death; however, free radicals are also crucial for normal cellular functions, including supporting neuronal homeostasis. ROS/RNS levels influence and are influenced by antioxidant systems, including the catabolic autophagy pathways. Autophagy is an intracellular lysosomal degradation process by which invasive, damaged, or redundant cytoplasmic components, including microorganisms and defunct organelles, are removed to maintain cellular homeostasis. This process is particularly important in neurons that are required to cope with prolonged and sustained operational stress. Consequently, autophagy is a primary line of protection against neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson's is caused by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs), resulting in progressive disruption of the nigrostriatal pathway, leading to motor, behavioural, and cognitive impairments. Mitochondrial dysfunction, with associated increases in oxidative stress, and declining proteostasis control, are key contributors during mDAN demise in Parkinson's. In this review, we analyse the crosstalk between autophagy and redoxtasis, including the molecular mechanisms involved and the detrimental effect of an imbalance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's.
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Bian J, Long JY, Yang X, Yang XB, Xu YY, Lu X, Sang XT, Zhao HT. Signature based on molecular subtypes of deoxyribonucleic acid methylation predicts overall survival in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:6414-6430. [PMID: 33244202 PMCID: PMC7656213 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i41.6414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Epigenetic alterations contribute to tumor heterogeneity in early stages.
AIM To identify the specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation sites that influence the prognosis of GC patients and explore the prognostic value of a model based on subtypes of DNA methylation.
METHODS Patients were randomly classified into training and test sets. Prognostic DNA methylation sites were identified by integrating DNA methylation profiles and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas GC cohort. In the training set, unsupervised consensus clustering was performed to identify distinct subgroups based on methylation status. A risk score model was built based on Kaplan-Meier, least absolute shrinkage and selector operation, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A test set was used to validate this model.
RESULTS Three subgroups based on DNA methylation profiles in the training set were identified using 1061 methylation sites that were significantly associated with survival. These methylation subtypes reflected differences in T, N, and M category, age, stage, and prognosis. Forty-one methylation sites were screened as specific hyper- or hypomethylation sites for each specific subgroup. Enrichment analysis revealed that they were mainly involved in pathways related to carcinogenesis, tumor growth, and progression. Finally, two methylation sites were chosen to generate a prognostic model. The high-risk group showed a markedly poor prognosis compared to the low-risk group in both the training [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-3.92, P < 0.001] and test (HR = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.19-3.78, P = 0.002) datasets.
CONCLUSION DNA methylation-based classification reflects the epigenetic heterogeneity of GC and may contribute to predicting prognosis and offer novel insights for individualized treatment of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Bian
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jun-Yu Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yi-Yao Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin-Ting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Hypomethylation of the XRE -1383 site is associated with the upregulation of CYP1A1 in gastric adenocarcinoma. Gene 2020; 769:145216. [PMID: 33069801 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its broad substrate specificity of mainly xenobiotics and its preferential extrahepatic expression, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is a principle member of the CYP detoxifying enzyme superfamily involving in carcinogenesis. Methylation status of 93 CpG sites, densely scattered within approximately 1.5 kb 5' regulatory region of CYP1A1, and its association with gene transcription was analyzed in tissue cohorts dissected from 40 patients with gastric cancer. Bisulfite sequencing and the resulting methylation percentages revealed dynamically methylated CpG sites located within or around xenobiotic response elements (XRE) 4-10, and a region of consistent hypermethylation located near proximal promoter, encompassing XRE2-3. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences of the methylation percentages at the CpG sites -1415 (0.032) and -1524 (P = 0.041) (located at the close upstream region of XRE10) between cancerous and normal gastric tissues as well as between those with and without lymphatic involvement. Quantitative real time PCR analysis showed that the CYP1A1 gene expression significantly increases in cancerous tissues compared to their normal tissue cohort, and is significantly associated with hypomethylation at the CpG site -1383 (P = 0.018) within the XRE10 motif. These data suggest that the variably methylated CpG site from the 5' regulatory region of CYP1A1, corresponding with the XRE10 regulatory region, is associated with its gene upregulation thus, is likely involved in gastric cancer incidence and metastasis. Methylation analysis of the CpG sites located within or around the XRE10 motif of the CYP1A1 promoter can be used as a potential marker to evaluate individual susceptibility to gastric cancer.
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