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Johnson LT, Zhang D, Zhou K, Lee SM, Liu S, Dilliard SA, Farbiak L, Chatterjee S, Lin YH, Siegwart DJ. Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Chemistry Can Endow Unique In Vivo RNA Delivery Fates within the Liver That Alter Therapeutic Outcomes in a Cancer Model. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3973-3986. [PMID: 36154076 PMCID: PMC9888001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Within the field of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for RNA delivery, the focus has been mainly placed on organ level delivery, which can mask cellular level effects consequential to therapeutic applications. Here, we studied a pair of LNPs with similar physical properties and discovered how the chemistry of the ionizable amino lipid can control the endogenous LNP identity, affecting cellular uptake in the liver and altering therapeutic outcomes in a model of liver cancer. Although most LNPs accumulate in the liver after intravenous administration (suggesting that liver delivery is straightforward), we observed an unexpected behavior when comparing two similar LNP formulations (5A2-SC8 and 3A5-SC14 LNPs) that resulted in distinct RNA delivery within the organ. Despite both LNPs possessing similar physical properties, ability to silence gene expression in vitro, strong accumulation within the liver, and a shared pKa of 6.5, only 5A2-SC8 LNPs were able to functionally deliver RNA to hepatocytes. Factor VII (FVII) activity was reduced by 87%, with 5A2-SC8 LNPs carrying FVII siRNA (siFVII), while 3A5-SC14 LNPs carrying siFVII produced baseline FVII activity levels comparable to the nontreatment control at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg. Protein corona analysis indicated that 5A2-SC8 LNPs bind apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which can drive LDL-R receptor-mediated endocytosis in hepatocytes. In contrast, the surface of 3A5-SC14 LNPs was enriched in albumin but depleted in ApoE, which likely led to Kupffer cell delivery and detargeting of hepatocytes. In an aggressive MYC-driven liver cancer model relevant to hepatocytes, 5A2-SC8 LNPs carrying let-7g miRNA were able to significantly extend survival up to 121 days. Since disease targets exist in an organ- and cell-specific manner, the clinical development of RNA LNP therapeutics will require an improved understanding of LNP cellular tropism within organs. The results from our work illustrate the importance of understanding the cellular localization of RNA delivery and incorporating further checkpoints when choosing nanoparticles beyond biochemical and physical characterization, as small changes in the chemical composition of LNPs can have an impact on both the biofate of LNPs and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay T Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Kejin Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Sang M Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Sean A Dilliard
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Lukas Farbiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Sumanta Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Daniel J Siegwart
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
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Ghaemi S, Fekrirad Z, Zamani N, Rahmani R, Arefian E. Non-coding RNAs Enhance the Apoptosis Efficacy of Therapeutic Agents Used for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiform. J Drug Target 2022; 30:589-602. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2047191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Ghaemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Fekrirad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nina Zamani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Rahmani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Cell Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Reda El Sayed S, Cristante J, Guyon L, Denis J, Chabre O, Cherradi N. MicroRNA Therapeutics in Cancer: Current Advances and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112680. [PMID: 34072348 PMCID: PMC8198729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a complex disease associated with deregulation of numerous genes. In addition, redundant cellular pathways limit efficiency of monotarget drugs in cancer therapy. MicroRNAs are a class of gene expression regulators, which often function by targeting multiple genes. This feature makes them a double-edged sword (a) as attractive targets for anti-tumor therapy and concomitantly (b) as risky targets due to their potential side effects on healthy tissues. As for conventional antitumor drugs, nanocarriers have been developed to circumvent the problems associated with miRNA delivery to tumors. In this review, we highlight studies that have established the pre-clinical proof-of concept of miRNAs as relevant therapeutic targets in oncology. Particular attention was brought to new strategies based on nanovectorization of miRNAs as well as to the perspectives for their applications. Abstract The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993 has challenged the dogma of gene expression regulation. MiRNAs affect most of cellular processes from metabolism, through cell proliferation and differentiation, to cell death. In cancer, deregulated miRNA expression leads to tumor development and progression by promoting acquisition of cancer hallmark traits. The multi-target action of miRNAs, which enable regulation of entire signaling networks, makes them attractive tools for the development of anti-cancer therapies. Hence, supplementing downregulated miRNA by synthetic oligonucleotides or silencing overexpressed miRNAs through artificial antagonists became a common strategy in cancer research. However, the ultimate success of miRNA therapeutics will depend on solving pharmacokinetic and targeted delivery issues. The development of a number of nanocarrier-based platforms holds significant promises to enhance the cell specific controlled delivery and safety profile of miRNA-based therapies. In this review, we provide among the most comprehensive assessments to date of promising nanomedicine platforms that have been tested preclinically, pertaining to the treatment of selected solid tumors including lung, liver, breast, and glioblastoma tumors as well as endocrine malignancies. The future challenges and potential applications in clinical oncology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Reda El Sayed
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
| | - Justine Cristante
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Service d’Endocrinologie, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Guyon
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
| | - Josiane Denis
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
| | - Olivier Chabre
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Service d’Endocrinologie, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nadia Cherradi
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-38783501; Fax: +33-(0)4-38785058
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Li F, Zhang K, Xu T, Du W, Yu B, Liu Y, Nie H. Exosomal microRNA-29a mediates cardiac dysfunction and mitochondrial inactivity in obesity-related cardiomyopathy. Endocrine 2019; 63:480-488. [PMID: 30264370 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Present study aims to explore the pathophysiological role of microRNA (miR)-29a in the process of obesity-related cardiomyopathy in human subjects and mice. METHODS The expression level of circulating exosomal miR-29a was measured in 37 lean and 30 obese human subjects, and correlated with cardiac parameters. The effects of miR-29a on mitochondrial activity and cardiac function were investigated by treatment of miR-29a sponge in primary mouse cardiomyocytes and diet-induced obesity-related cardiomyopathy in mice. RESULTS The increased circulating miR-29a level was closely associated with impaired human cardiac function, including ejection fraction (r = -0.2663, p < 0.05) and NT-proBNP levels (r = 0.4270, p < 0.001). Exosomes from obese human plasma mediated cardiomyocyte mitochondrial inactivity, but pre-treatment with miR-29a sponge attenuated the exosomal miR-29a-induced reduction of ATP production (p < 0.001), basal oxygen consumption (p < 0.01) and mitochondrial complex I activity (p < 0.01). In vivo mouse study, high fat diet damaged cardiac function, normal structure, and mitochondrial activity, whereas miR-29a sponge improved the cardiac status. CONCLUSIONS Present study uncovered the correlation between circulating miR-29a and cardiac parameters in human subjects, and provided solid evidence of the therapeutic application of miR-29a sponge in combating obesity-mediated cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kuikui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Youbin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Honggang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Exosomal microRNA-194 causes cardiac injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in obese mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:3174-3179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zeng X, Yuan Y, Wang T, Wang H, Hu X, Fu Z, Zhang G, Liu B, Lu G. Targeted imaging and induction of apoptosis of drug-resistant hepatoma cells by miR-122-loaded graphene-InP nanocompounds. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:9. [PMID: 28114997 PMCID: PMC5260086 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, graphene oxide has attracted growing attention as a drug delivery system due to its unique characteristics. Furthermore, utilization of microRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic strategies would be particularly attractive because of their biological mechanisms and relatively low toxicity. Therefore, we have developed functionalized nanocompounds consisted of graphene oxide, quantum dots and microRNA, which induced cancer cells apoptosis along with targeted imaging. RESULTS In the present study, we synthesized a kind of graphene-P-gp loaded with miR-122-InP@ZnS quantum dots nanocomposites (GPMQNs) that, in the presence of glutathione, provides controlled release of miR-122. The miR-122 actively targeted liver tumor cells and induced their apoptosis, including drug-resistant liver tumor cells. We also explored the near-infrared fluorescence and potential utility for targeting imaging of InP@ZnS quantum dots. To further understand the molecular mechanism of GPMQNs-induced apoptosis of drug-resistant HepG2/ADM hepatoma cells, the relevant apoptosis proteins and signal pathways were explored in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, near-infrared GPMQNs, which exhibited reduced photon scattering and auto-fluorescence, were applied for tumor imaging in vivo to allow for deep tissue penetration and three-dimensional imaging. CONCLUSION In conclusion, techniques using GPMQNs could provide a novel targeted treatment for liver cancer, which possessed properties of targeted imaging, low toxicity, and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zeng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jingling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing Universtiy, Nanjing, 210002 China
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004 China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Xianyun Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000 China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004 China
| | - Gen Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jingling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing Universtiy, Nanjing, 210002 China
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MicroRNA-221 sponge therapy attenuates neointimal hyperplasia and improves blood flows in vein grafts. Int J Cardiol 2016; 208:79-86. [PMID: 26828387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vein graft failure due to neointimal hyperplasia remains an important and unresolved problem of cardiovascular surgery. MicroRNA-221 (miR-221) has been shown to play a major role in regulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and phenotype transformation. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine whether adenovirus mediated miR-221 sponge gene therapy could inhibit vein graft neointimal hyperplasia. METHODS Adenovirus encoding miR-221 sponge (Ad-miR-221-SP) was used to inhibit VSMC proliferation in vitro and neointimal formation in vivo. Expression of miRNA-221 was evaluated in cultured VSMC and in rat vein graft models following transduction with Ad-miR-221-SP, Ad-Control-SP (without miR-221 antisense binding sites), or Ad-GFP (control). To accelerate the transfer of miR-221 sponge gene to the vein grafts, 20% poloxamer F-127 gel was used to extend virus contact time and 0.25% trypsin to increase virus penetration. RESULTS miR-221 sponges can significantly decrease the expression of miR-221 and proliferation in cultured VSMC. Cellular proliferation rates were significantly reduced in miR-221 sponge treated grafts as compared with controls at 6 weeks after bypass surgery (19.8% versus 43.6%, P=0.0028). miR-221 sponge gene transfer reduced the neointimal area (210.75 ± 24.13 versus 67.01 ± 12.02, P<0.0001), neointimal thickness (171.86 ± 27.87 versus 64.13 ± 16.23, P<0.0001) and neointima/media ratio (0.74 ± 0.21 versus 1.95 ± 0.25, P<0.0001) in vein grafts versus controls. miR-21 sponge treatment was also improved hemodynamics in vein grafts. We have further identified that p27 (Kip1) is a potential target gene of miR-221 in vein grafts. CONCLUSION miR-221 sponge therapy can significantly reduce miR-221 activity and inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in vein grafts. Locally adventitial delivery of adenoviruses mediated miRNA sponges may be promising gene therapies to prevent vein graft failure.
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Zhang W, Peng F, Zhou T, Huang Y, Zhang L, Ye P, Lu M, Yang G, Gai Y, Yang T, Ma X, Xiang G. Targeted delivery of chemically modified anti-miR-221 to hepatocellular carcinoma with negatively charged liposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4825-36. [PMID: 26251599 PMCID: PMC4524461 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s79598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Gene therapy was established as a new strategy for treating HCC. To explore the potential delivery system to support the gene therapy of HCC, negatively charged liposomal delivery system was used to deliver miR-221 antisense oligonucleotide (anti-miR-221) to the transferrin (Tf) receptor over expressed HepG2 cells. The liposome exhibited a mean particle size of 122.5 nm, zeta potential of −15.74 mV, anti-miR-221 encapsulation efficiency of 70%, and excellent colloidal stability at 4°C. Anti-miR-221-encapsulated Tf-targeted liposome demonstrated a 15-fold higher delivery efficiency compared to nontargeted liposome in HepG2 cells in vitro. Anti-miR-221 Tf-targeted liposome effectively delivered anti-miR-221 to HepG2 cells, upregulated miR-221 target genes PTEN, P27kip1, and TIMP3, and exhibited greater silencing efficiency over nontargeted anti-miR-221 liposome. After intravenous injection into HepG2 tumor-bearing xenografted mice with Cy3-labeled anti-miR-221 Tf-targeted liposome, Cy3-anti-miR-221 was successfully delivered to the tumor site and increased the expressions of PTEN, P27kip1, and TIMP3. Our results demonstrate that the Tf-targeted negatively charged liposome could be a potential therapeutic modality in the gene therapy of human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendian Zhang
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqi Peng
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Taotao Zhou
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Lu
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Yang
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ma
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangya Xiang
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Chong CCN, Chen GG, Lai PBS. A Seven-microRNA Expression Signature Predicts Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128628. [PMID: 26046780 PMCID: PMC4457814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth common cancer. The differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been associated with the prognosis of various cancers. However, limited information is available regarding genome-wide miRNA expression profiles in HCC to generate a tumor-specific miRNA signature of prognostic values. In this study, the miRNA profiles in 327 HCC patients, including 327 tumor and 43 adjacent non-tumor tissues, from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) were analyzed. The associations of the differentially expressed miRNAs with patient survival and other clinical characteristics were examined with t-test and Cox proportional regression model. Finally, a tumor-specific miRNA signature was generated and examined with Kaplan-Meier survival, univariate\multivariate Cox regression analyses and KEGG pathway analysis. Results showed that a total of 207 miRNAs were found differentially expressed between tumor and adjacent non-tumor HCC tissues. 78 of them were also discriminatively expressed with gender, race, tumor grade and AJCC tumor stage. Seven miRNAs were significantly associated with survival (P value <0.001). Among the seven significant miRNAs, six (hsa-mir-326, hsa-mir-3677, hsa-mir-511-1, hsa-mir-511-2, hsa-mir-9-1, and hsa-mir-9-2) were negatively associated with overall survival (OS), while the remaining one (hsa-mir-30d) was positively correlated. A tumor-specific 7-miRNAs signature was generated and validated as an independent prognostic predictor. Collectively, we have identified and validated an independent prognostic model based on the expression of seven miRNAs, which can be used to assess patients' survival. Additional work is needed to translate our model into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Charing C. N. Chong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - George G. Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail: (GGC); (PBSL)
| | - Paul B. S. Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail: (GGC); (PBSL)
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Serum interferon-related microRNAs as biomarkers to predict the response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121524. [PMID: 25811198 PMCID: PMC4374907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) infection is common in the Middle East and Africa, with an extraordinarily high prevalence in Egypt. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in various diseases, including HCV infection. The aim of the present study was to assess serum miR-122, miR-221 and miR-21 expression profiles in HCV-4 patients prior to treatment with HCV-4 combination therapy (pegylated alpha interferon and ribavirin) and to determine whether the miRNAs were associated with the drug response. Methods RNA was extracted from pretreatment serum samples, and miR-122, miR-221 and miR-21 levels were measured by quantitative PCR. The results were compared among patients with sustained virological responses (SVR) and non-responders (NR). Results The expression levels of miR-21 and miR-122 were significantly different between the SVR and NR groups. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of miR-21 were 82.2%, 77.3% and 88.1%, respectively, with a cut-off value of 1.7. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of miR-122 were 68.9%, 59.1% and 77.5%, respectively, with a cut-off value of 3.5. Conclusion and Significance miR-21 and miR-122 might be useful predictors for SVR in HCV-4 patients prior to the administration of combination therapy. A higher predictive response power was obtained for miR-21 than for miR-122. These results should reduce ineffective treatments.
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Ding CL, Xu G, Ren H, Zhao LJ, Zhao P, Qi ZT, Wang W. HCV infection induces the upregulation of miR-221 in NF-κB dependent manner. Virus Res 2014; 196:135-9. [PMID: 25433287 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The upregulation of miR-221 has been reported in variety of cancer, including HCV associated HCC, the mechanism of upregulation of miR-221 however remains unclear. In this study, it was found that miR-221 was significantly upregulated in serum of patients with HCV associated chronic hepatitis (cHCV), which suggested the possible biological significance of miR-221 in HCV infection. Important, the upregulated miR-221 was positive correlation with serum miR-122, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), which are reported as biomarkers for liver injuries. Further studies indicated that HCVcc infection activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the upregulation of miR-221 by HCVcc infection could totally blocked by NF-κB inhibitor (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, PDTC). In conclusion, HCVcc infection could upregulate the expression of miR-221 in NF-κB dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ling Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhong-Tian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Xu G, Yang F, Ding CL, Wang J, Zhao P, Wang W, Ren H. MiR-221 accentuates IFN׳s anti-HCV effect by downregulating SOCS1 and SOCS3. Virology 2014; 462-463:343-50. [PMID: 25019494 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MiR-221 was reported to be upregulated and play roles in tumorigenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of miR-221 in HCV infection remains unknown. In this study, it was found that miR-221 was upregulated in serum of HCV chronic hepatitis patients and Huh7.5.1 cells infected with HCVcc. Further studies indicated that miR-221 mimic could accentuate anti-HCV effect of IFN-α in HCVcc model, miR-221 mimic could further repressed 10% HCV RNA expression and 35-42% HCV core or NS5A protein expression in HCVcc infected Huh7.5.1 cells treated with 100IU/mL IFN-α, and miR-221 inhibitor resulted in the reverse effects. Furthermore, two members of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family, SOCS1 and SOCS3, which are well established inhibitory factors on IFN/JAK/STAT pathway, were identified as the targets of miR-221 and were involved in the effect of miR-221. In conclusion, miR-221 could accentuate IFN׳s anti-HCV effect by targeting SOCS1 and SOCS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Cui-Ling Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hao Ren
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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13
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Bhaskaran M, Mohan M. MicroRNAs: history, biogenesis, and their evolving role in animal development and disease. Vet Pathol 2014; 51:759-74. [PMID: 24045890 PMCID: PMC4013251 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813502820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993 followed by developments and discoveries in small RNA biology have redefined the biological landscape by significantly altering the longstanding dogmas that defined gene regulation. These small RNAs play a significant role in modulation of an array of physiological and pathological processes ranging from embryonic development to neoplastic progression. Unique miRNA signatures of various inherited, metabolic, infectious, and neoplastic diseases have added a new dimension to the studies that look at their pathogenesis and highlight their potential to be reliable biomarkers. Also, altering miRNA functionality and the development of novel in vivo delivery systems to achieve targeted modulation of specific miRNA function are being actively pursued as novel approaches for therapeutic intervention in many diseases. Here we review the current body of knowledge on the role of miRNAs in development and disease and discuss future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhaskaran
- Infectious Disease Aerobiology, Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - M Mohan
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
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14
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Swart M, Dandara C. Genetic variation in the 3'-UTR of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, NR1I2, and UGT2B7: potential effects on regulation by microRNA and pharmacogenomics relevance. Front Genet 2014; 5:167. [PMID: 24926315 PMCID: PMC4044583 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pharmacogenomics research has concentrated on variation in genes coding for drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters and nuclear receptors. However, variation affecting microRNA could also play a role in drug response. This project set out to investigate potential microRNA target sites in 11 genes and the extent of variation in the 3′-UTR of six selected genes; CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, NR1I2, and UGT2B7. Methods: Fifteen microRNA target prediction algorithms were used to identify microRNAs predicted to regulate 11 genes. The 3′-UTR of the 6 genes which topped the list of potential microRNA targets was sequenced in 30 black South Africans. In addition, genetic variants within these genes were investigated for interference with mRNA-microRNA interactions. Potential effects of observed variants were determined using in silico prediction tools. Results: The 11 genes coding for DMEs, transporters and nuclear receptors were predicted to be targets of microRNAs with CYP2B6, NR1I2 (PXR), CYP3A4, and CYP1A2, interacting with the most microRNAs. The majority of identified genetic variants were predicted to interfere with microRNA regulation. For example, the variant, rs1054190C in NR1I2 was predicted to result in the presence of a binding site for the microRNA miR-1250-5p, while the variant rs1054191G was predicted to result in the absence of a recognition site for miR-371b-3p, miR-4258 and miR-4707-3p. Fifteen of the seventeen, novel variants occurred within microRNA target sequences. Conclusion: The 3′-UTR harbors variation that is likely to influence regulation of specific genes by microRNA. In silico prediction followed by functional validation could aid in decoding the contribution of variation in the 3′-UTR, to some unexplained heritability that affects drug response. Understanding the specific role of each microRNA may lead to identification of markers for targeted therapy and therefore improve personalized drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marelize Swart
- Pharmacogenetics and Cancer Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Pharmacogenetics and Cancer Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa
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15
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Akkiz H. The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2014; 4:45-50. [PMID: 29264318 PMCID: PMC5736955 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common malignancy and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Recent epidemiological data have demonstrated that liver cancer incidence is continuously rising and will continue to do so for more than a decade, not only South Africa and Mainland China but also in North America and Europe. Molecular profiling of changes in gene expression has improved our understanding of the HCC mechanism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs that function to modulate protein expression. This control allows for fine-tuning of the cellular phenotype, including regulation of proliferation, cell signaling and apoptosis. Recently, investigators have demonstrated decreased or increased expression of particular miRNAs in hepatobiliary cancer cells. Many studies have highlighted the role of miRNA in physiological processes and cancer development. Several studies have reported that some miRNAs may play a role in the development and progression of HCC. Recent investigations have suggested that the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in miRNA genes, their processing machinery and target binding sites affect cancer risk, treatment efficacy and patient prognosis. This review will discuss the emerging critical role of miRNAs in hepatocarcinogenesis, HCC progression and clinical outcome. How to cite this article: Akkiz H. The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2014;4(1):45-50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Akkiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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16
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Wang G, Dong X, Tian W, Lu Y, Hu J, Liu Y, Yuchi J, Wu X. Evaluation of miR-122-regulated suicide gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in an orthotopic mouse model. Chin J Cancer Res 2014; 25:646-55. [PMID: 24385691 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2013.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intratumoral administration of adenoviral vector encoding herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase (TK) gene (Ad-TK) followed by systemic ganciclovir (GCV) is an effective approach in treating experimental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, hepatotoxicity due to unwanted vector spread and suicide gene expression limited the application of this therapy. miR-122 is an abundant, liver-specific microRNA whose expression is decreased in human primary HCC and HCC-derived cell lines. These different expression profiles provide an opportunity to induce tumor-specific gene expression by miR-122 regulation. METHODS By inserting miR-122 target sequences (miR-122T) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of TK gene, we constructed adenovirus (Ad) vectors expressing miR-122-regulated TK (Ad-TK-122T) and report genes. After intratumoral administration of Ad vectors into an orthotopic miR-122-deficient HCC mouse model, we observed the miR-122-regulated transgene expression and assessed the antitumor activity and safety of Ad-TK-122T. RESULTS Insertion of miR-122T specifically down-regulated transgene expression in vitro and selectively protected the miR-122-positive cells from killing by TK/GCV treatment. Insertion of miR-122T led to significant reduction of tansgene expression in the liver without inhibition of its expression in tumors in vivo, resulting in an 11-fold improvement of tumor-specific transgene expression. Intratumoral injection of Ad vectors mediated TK/GCV system led to a vector dosage-dependent regression of tumor. The insertion of miR-122T does not influence the antitumor effects of suicide gene therapy. Whereas mice administrated with Ad-TK showed severe lethal hepatotoxicity at the effective therapeutic dose, no liver damage was found in Ad-TK-122T group. CONCLUSIONS miR-122-regulated TK expression achieved effective anti-tumor effects and increased the safety of intratumoral delivery of adenovirus-mediated TK/GCV gene therapy for miR-122-deficient HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Beijing FivePlus Molecular Medicine Institute, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Wenhong Tian
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China; ; School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Jianyan Hu
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Yunfan Liu
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Jie Yuchi
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China; ; Beijing Yizhuang International Biomedical Investment & Management Co., Ltd., Beijing 100111, China
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17
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Moshiri F, Callegari E, D'Abundo L, Corrà F, Lupini L, Sabbioni S, Negrini M. Inhibiting the oncogenic mir-221 by microRNA sponge: toward microRNA-based therapeutics for hepatocellular carcinoma. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2014; 7:43-54. [PMID: 25436097 PMCID: PMC4017557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the capability of "microRNA sponges" in sequestering and inhibiting the over-expressed miR-221 in HCC cell lines. BACKGROUND Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious public health problem, with no effective cure at present. It has been demonstrated that the deregulation of microRNAs expression contributes to tumorigenesis. In HCC, miR-221 was shown to be up-regulated in more than 70% of the cases and was associated with higher tumor stage, metastasis and a shorter time to recurrence after surgery, suggesting an important pathogenic role. A tumor promoting function of miR-221 was proved in a transgenic mouse model, which was predisposed to the development of liver cancers. These findings suggested that miR-221 could represent a potential target for anti-tumor approaches. MATERIAL AND METHODS Novel adeno and adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) were developed: they were genetically modified to drive the expression of multiple binding sites for miR-221, the "miR-221 sponge", which was designed to sequester miR-221 cellular molecules. RESULTS Analysis of viral vectors activity in HCC cells revealed their capability to reduce miR-221 endogenous levels, which was accompanied by the increase in CDKN1B/ p27 protein, a known target of miR-221. An increase in apoptosis was also measured in Hep3B cells after infection with any of the two viral vectors in comparison with control vectors, with stronger effects induced by adenovirus compared to AAV vectors. CONCLUSION The depletion of oncogenic microRNAs represents a potential anti-cancer approach that needs to be tested for safety and efficacy. Here, we describe the development of novel "miR-221 sponge" vectors, which can reduce miR-221 activity in vitro and may be used for in vivo delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Moshiri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Dipartimento di Morfologia, Chirurgia e Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Callegari
- Dipartimento di Morfologia, Chirurgia e Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucilla D'Abundo
- Dipartimento di Morfologia, Chirurgia e Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Corrà
- Dipartimento di Morfologia, Chirurgia e Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Lupini
- Dipartimento di Morfologia, Chirurgia e Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabbioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Dipartimento di Morfologia, Chirurgia e Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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18
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Zhang GH, Cai LJ, Wang YF, Zhou YH, An YF, Liu YC, Peng Y, Chen ZF, Liang H. Novel compound PS-101 exhibits selective inhibition in non-small-cell lung cancer cell by blocking the EGFR-driven antiapoptotic pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1721-30. [PMID: 24161785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the anticancer effect of a novel compound PS-101 in human lung cancer cells. By phenotype screening, PS-101 exhibited highly selective inhibition in EGFR-overexpressed non-small cell lung cancer cells NCI-H460 and A549 while displaying no obvious toxicity to normal hepatic cell HL-7702, lung fibroblast cell WI-38, liver cancer cell BEL-7404 and gastric cancer cell MCG-803. A combination of cell viability assay, immunoblotting, and RNA interference revealed that PS-101 induced EGFR-dependent inhibition selectivity. Further studies showed that PS-101 caused cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, changed cell size, induced apoptosis and led to cell death by increasing the proportion of sub-G1 cells. Molecular mechanism studies suggested that blocking the EGFR-driven antiapoptotic pathway is essential for PS-101-induced apoptosis. The contribution of blocking the EGFR-driven antiapoptotic pathway was verified through examines abundance of likely candidate proteins and RNA interference. The root cause for increase in BAD and decrease in Bcl-2 which altogether initiated caspase-dependent apoptosis were predominantly due to down-regulation the expression of EGFR after PS-101 treatment. PS-101 strongly down-regulated the EGFR expression to trigger proapototic protein BAD increase and antiproapototic protein Bcl-2 decrease, which altogether actived effector caspase-3/9 to initiate cell apoptisis. Taken together, these results suggest that PS-101 may be a potential candidate for cancer therapy against human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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19
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Dweep H, Sticht C, Gretz N. In-Silico Algorithms for the Screening of Possible microRNA Binding Sites and Their Interactions. Curr Genomics 2013; 14:127-36. [PMID: 24082822 PMCID: PMC3637677 DOI: 10.2174/1389202911314020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a recently discovered class of small, non-coding RNA molecules of 21-25 nucleotides in length that regulate the gene expression by base-pairing with the transcripts of their targets i.e. protein-coding genes, leading to down-regulation or repression of the target genes. However, target gene activation has also been described. miRNAs are involved in diverse regulatory pathways, including control of developmental timing, apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, modulation of immune response to macrophages, and organ development and are associated with many diseases, such as cancer. Computational prediction of miRNA targets is much more challenging in animals than in plants, because animal miRNAs often perform imperfect base-pairing with their target sites, unlike plant miRNAs which almost always bind their targets with near perfect complementarity. In the past years, a large number of target prediction programs and databases on experimentally validated information have been developed for animal miRNAs to fulfil the need of experimental scientists conducting miRNA research. In this review we first succinctly describe the prediction criteria (rules or principles) adapted by prediction algorithms to generate possible miRNA binding site interactions and introduce most relevant algorithms, and databases. We then summarize their applications with the help of some previously published studies. We further provide experimentally validated functional binding sites outside 3’-UTR region of target mRNAs and the resources which offer such predictions. Finally, the issue of experimental validation of miRNA binding sites will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Dweep
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
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20
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MicroRNA-429 Modulates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis and Tumorigenesis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013; 2013:804128. [PMID: 24204382 PMCID: PMC3800573 DOI: 10.1155/2013/804128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-429 (miR-429) may modify the development and progression of cancers; however, the role of this microRNA in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well elaborated. Here, we tested miR-429 expression in 138 pathology-diagnosed HCC cases and SMMC-7721 cells. We found that miR-429 was upregulated in HCC tumor tissues and that the high expression of miR-429 was significantly correlated with larger tumor size (odd ratio (OR), 2.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.28–5.56) and higher aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts (OR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.47–6.67). Furthermore, this microRNA overexpression modified the recurrence-free survival and overall survival of HCC patients. Functionally, miR-429 overexpression progressed tumor cells proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. These results indicate for the first time that miR-429 may modify HCC prognosis and tumorigenesis and may be a potential tumor therapeutic target.
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21
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Paulmurugan R, Oronsky B, Brouse CF, Reid T, Knox S, Scicinski J. Real time dynamic imaging and current targeted therapies in the war on cancer: a new paradigm. Theranostics 2013; 3:437-47. [PMID: 23781290 PMCID: PMC3677414 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In biology, as every science student is made to learn, ontology recapitulates phylogeny. In medicine, however, oncology recapitulates polemology, the science of warfare: The medical establishment is transitioning from highly toxic poisons that kill rapidly dividing normal and malignant cells with little specificity to tailored therapies that target the tumors with the lethality of the therapeutic warhead. From the advent of the information age with the incorporation of high-tech intelligence, reconnaissance, and surveillance has resulted in "data fusion" where a wide range of information collected in near real-time can be used to redesign most of the treatment strategies currently used in the clinic. The medical community has begun to transition from the 'black box' of tumor therapy based solely on the clinical response to the 'glass box' of dynamic imaging designed to bring transparency to the clinical battlefield during treatment, thereby informing the therapeutic decision to 'retreat or repeat'. The tumor microenvironment is dynamic, constantly changing in response to therapeutic intervention, and therefore the therapeutic assessment must map to this variable and ever-changing landscape with dynamic and non-static imaging capabilities. The path to personalized medicine will require incorporation and integration of dynamic imaging at the bedside into clinical practice for real-time, interactive assessment of response to targeted therapies. The application of advanced real time imaging techniques along with current molecularly targeted anticancer therapies which alter cellular homeostasis and microenvironment can enhance therapeutic interventions in cancer patients and further improve the current status in clinical management of patients with advanced cancers.
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Li J, Ghazwani M, Zhang Y, Lu J, Li J, Fan J, Gandhi CR, Li S. miR-122 regulates collagen production via targeting hepatic stellate cells and suppressing P4HA1 expression. J Hepatol 2013; 58. [PMID: 23178710 PMCID: PMC3619187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be involved in many biological processes by affecting their target gene expression. miR-122 has been extensively studied in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the role of miR-122 in liver fibrosis remains unknown. METHODS The mRNA expression levels of miR-122, prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 (P4HA1), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) were assessed by real-time PCR. The protein expression levels of P4HA1, C/EBPα and collagen, type I, alpha 1 (COL1A1) were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. MTT assay was used to assess cell proliferation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to examine the binding activity of C/EBPα to miR-122 promoter. RESULTS miR-122 expression was significantly reduced in transactivated HSCs and in the livers of mice treated with CCl(4). Overexpression of miR-122 inhibited the proliferation of LX2 cells. We also demonstrated that P4HA1 was a target gene of miR-122. The mRNA expression level of PAHA1 inversely correlated with that of miR-122 in HSCs and in the mouse liver. Overexpression of miR-122 markedly attenuated the expression of P4HA1 via targeting a binding site located at 3'-UTR of P4HA1 mRNA. We further showed that miR-122 overexpression led to decreased collagen maturation and ECM production. Finally, the binding activity of C/EBPα to miR-122 promoter was significantly decreased in activated HSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that miR-122 may play an important role in negatively regulating collagen production in HSCs and that targeted expression of miR-122 in HSCs may represent a new strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
| | - Mohammed Ghazwani
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Jilong Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Chandrashekhar R. Gandhi
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States,Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States,Corresponding authors. Addresses: Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 637 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States. Tel.: +1 412 648 8540; fax: +1 412 648 1664 (J. Li). Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 639 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States. Tel.: +1 412 383 7976; fax: +1 412 648 1664 (S. Li). (J. Li), (S. Li)
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23
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miR-122 regulates collagen production via targeting hepatic stellate cells and suppressing P4HA1 expression. J Hepatol 2013. [PMID: 23178710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be involved in many biological processes by affecting their target gene expression. miR-122 has been extensively studied in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the role of miR-122 in liver fibrosis remains unknown. METHODS The mRNA expression levels of miR-122, prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 (P4HA1), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) were assessed by real-time PCR. The protein expression levels of P4HA1, C/EBPα and collagen, type I, alpha 1 (COL1A1) were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. MTT assay was used to assess cell proliferation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to examine the binding activity of C/EBPα to miR-122 promoter. RESULTS miR-122 expression was significantly reduced in transactivated HSCs and in the livers of mice treated with CCl(4). Overexpression of miR-122 inhibited the proliferation of LX2 cells. We also demonstrated that P4HA1 was a target gene of miR-122. The mRNA expression level of PAHA1 inversely correlated with that of miR-122 in HSCs and in the mouse liver. Overexpression of miR-122 markedly attenuated the expression of P4HA1 via targeting a binding site located at 3'-UTR of P4HA1 mRNA. We further showed that miR-122 overexpression led to decreased collagen maturation and ECM production. Finally, the binding activity of C/EBPα to miR-122 promoter was significantly decreased in activated HSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that miR-122 may play an important role in negatively regulating collagen production in HSCs and that targeted expression of miR-122 in HSCs may represent a new strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Sethupathy P. Illuminating microRNA Transcription from the Epigenome. Curr Genomics 2013; 14:68-77. [PMID: 23997652 PMCID: PMC3580781 DOI: 10.2174/138920213804999183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular gene expression is governed by a complex, multi-faceted network of regulatory interactions. In the last decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical components of this network. miRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules that serve as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Although there has been substantive progress in our understanding of miRNA-mediated gene regulation, the mechanisms that control the expression of the miRNAs themselves are less well understood. Identifying the factors that control miRNA expression will be critical for further characterizing miRNA function in normal physiology and pathobiology. We describe recent progress in the efforts to map genomic regions that control miRNA transcription (such as promoters). In particular, we highlight the utility of large-scale "-omic" data, such as those made available by the ENCODE and the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics consortiums, for the discovery of transcriptional control elements that govern miRNA expression. Finally, we discuss how integrative analysis of complementary genetic datasets, such as the NHGRI Genome Wide Association Studies Catalog, can predict novel roles for transcriptional mis-regulation of miRNAs in complex disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Sethupathy
- 5091 Genetic Medicine Building, 120 Mason Farm Road, Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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25
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miRNA-mediated tumor specific delivery of TRAIL reduced glioma growth. J Neurooncol 2013; 112:27-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-1033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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26
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Li A, Song W, Qian J, Li Y, He J, Zhang Q, Li W, Zhai A, Kao W, Hu Y, Li H, Wu J, Ling H, Zhong Z, Zhang F. MiR-122 modulates type I interferon expression through blocking suppressor of cytokine signaling 1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:858-65. [PMID: 23348614 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MiR-122 is a liver-specific miRNA. Recent studies demonstrated that the interferon (IFN) therapy efficacy is poor in the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with lower miR-122 abundance in the livers. The hepatocarcinoma patients also have low miR-122 levels in their livers. We previously found that the IFN expression was reduced when miR-122 was knocked down in human oligodendrocytes. The mechanism is unclear. In this study, the miR-122-abundant cell Huh7 was used to explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-122 on type I IFN expression. We found that miR-122 significantly increased the type I IFN expression in Huh7 cells, while knocking down miR-122 decreased the type I IFN expression. By screening potential miR-122 targets among the negative regulators in IFN signaling pathways, we found that there were putative miR-122 targets in the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) mRNA. Over-expressing miR-122 decreased the SOCS1 expression by 50.55% in Huh7 cells, while knocking down miR-122 increased SOCS1 expression by 62.56%. Using a green fluorescence protein (EGFP) fused SOCS1-expressing plasmid, the SOCS1-EGFP fluorescence intensity and protein were lower in miR-122 mimic-treated cells than those in mock-miRNA-treated cells, while miR-122 knockdown significantly increased the SOCS1-EGFP fluorescence intensity and protein expression. Mutations in the nt359-nt375 region abandoned the impact of miR-122 on SOCS1-EGFP expression. Taken together, SOCS1 is a target of miR-122. MiR-122 can regulate the type I IFN expression through modulating the SOCS1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Li
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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27
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Abstract
As an important regulator in eukaryote, miRNAs could be in the animal body fluids, including serum, blood plasma, saliva, urine and so on. More recently, it was reported that miRNAs were also in the breast milk of human or cow, which indicates that miRNAs could probably be transferred into the body of the next generation by lactation and play their key roles. This might be the prelude of studies on the regulation function of miRNAs in generations. Here, we introduced the process of finding miRNAs in mammal milk, the format of miRNAs in milk and the method for isolating miRNAs, and reviewed the main functions of several miRNAs in milk. We also discussed the research task and challenge associated with miRNAs in milk at the next.
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28
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Bettazzi F, Hamid-Asl E, Esposito CL, Quintavalle C, Formisano N, Laschi S, Catuogno S, Iaboni M, Marrazza G, Mascini M, Cerchia L, De Franciscis V, Condorelli G, Palchetti I. Electrochemical detection of miRNA-222 by use of a magnetic bead-based bioassay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:1025-34. [PMID: 23099529 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are naturally occurring small RNAs (approximately 22 nucleotides in length) that have critical functions in a variety of biological processes, including tumorigenesis. They are an important target for detection technology for future medical diagnostics. In this paper we report an electrochemical method for miRNA detection based on paramagnetic beads and enzyme amplification. In particular, miR 222 was chosen as model sequence, because of its involvement in brain, lung, and liver cancers. The proposed bioassay is based on biotinylated DNA capture probes immobilized on streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads. Total RNA was extracted from the cell sample, enriched for small RNA, biotinylated, and then hybridized with the capture probe on the beads. The beads were then incubated with streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and exposed to the appropriate enzymatic substrate. The product of the enzymatic reaction was electrochemically monitored. The assay was finally tested with a compact microfluidic device which enables multiplexed analysis of eight different samples with a detection limit of 7 pmol L(-1) and RSD = 15 %. RNA samples from non-small-cell lung cancer and glioblastoma cell lines were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bettazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy
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29
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Klase Z, Houzet L, Jeang KT. MicroRNAs and HIV-1: complex interactions. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:40884-90. [PMID: 23043098 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r112.415448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi plays important roles in many biological processes, including cellular defense against viral infection. Components of the RNAi machinery are widely conserved in plants and animals. In mammals, microRNAs (miRNAs) represent an abundant class of cell encoded small noncoding RNAs that participate in RNAi-mediated gene silencing. Here, findings that HIV-1 replication in cells can be regulated by miRNAs and that HIV-1 infection of cells can alter cellular miRNA expression are reviewed. Lessons learned from and questions outstanding about the complex interactions between HIV-1 and cellular miRNAs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Klase
- Molecular Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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30
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Karakatsanis A, Papaconstantinou I, Gazouli M, Lyberopoulou A, Polymeneas G, Voros D. Expression of microRNAs, miR-21, miR-31, miR-122, miR-145, miR-146a, miR-200c, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-223 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and its prognostic significance. Mol Carcinog 2011; 52:297-303. [PMID: 22213236 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of non-coding molecules found to regulate a variety of cellular functions in health and disease. Dysregulation of microRNAs is involved in liver disease, especially hepatocarcinogenesis. Since primary hepatic malignancies are typically characterized by late diagnosis, frequent recurrence, and poor response to adjuvant therapy, there is a need for the discovery of novel biomarkers in order to achieve earlier diagnosis, predict tumor aggressiveness and response to adjuvant therapy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression of certain microRNAs (miR-21, -31, -122, -145, -146a, - 200c, -221, -222 and -223) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), as well as to assess their prognostic significance. Micro-RNA expression was assessed by reverse transcription and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Clinicopathological data and survival rates were retrieved and analyzed. According to our results, miR-21, miR-31, miR-122, miR-221, miR-222 were significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues, whereas miR-145, miR-146a, miR-200c, and miR-223 were found to be down-regulated. Concerning ICC samples, miR-21, miR-31, and miR-223 were found to be over-expressed, whereas miR-122, miR-145, miR-200c, miR-221, and miR-222 were down-regulated. Additionally, expression of miR-21, miR-31, miR-122, and miR-221 in HCC correlated with cirrhosis, while miR-21 and miR-221 associated with tumor stage and poor prognosis. In ICC tissues, miR-21, miR-31, and miR-223 were found to be over-expressed, but no correlation with clinicopathological features was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Karakatsanis
- Aretaieion Hospital, Surgical Department, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece
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31
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Role of microRNAs in endothelial inflammation and senescence. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:4509-18. [PMID: 21952822 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The functionality of endothelial cells is fundamental for the homoeostasis of the vascular system. Increasing evidence shows that endothelial inflammation and senescence contribute greatly to multiple vascular diseases including atherosclerosis. However, little is known regarding the complex upstream regulators of gene expression and translation involved in these responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of endogenous, small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate over 30% of genes in a cell via degradation or translational inhibition of their target mRNAs. During the past few years, miRNAs have emerged as key regulators for endothelial biology and function. Endothelial inflammation is critically regulated by miRNAs such as miR-126 and miR-10a in vitro and in vivo. Endothelial aging is additionally controlled by miR-217 and miR-34a. In this review, we summarize the role of miRNAs and their target genes in endothelial inflammation and senescence, and discuss their applicability as drug targets.
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