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Iqbal Y, Ahmed I, Irfan MF, Chatha SAS, Zubair M, Ullah A. Recent advances in chitosan-based materials; The synthesis, modifications and biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121318. [PMID: 37739510 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The attention to polymer-based biomaterials, for instance, chitosan and its derivatives, as well as the techniques for using them in numerous scientific domains, is continuously rising. Chitosan is a decomposable naturally occurring polymeric material that is mostly obtained from seafood waste. Because of its special ecofriendly, biocompatible, non- toxic nature as well as antimicrobial properties, chitosan-based materials have received a lot of interest in the field of biomedical applications. The reactivity of chitosan is mainly because of the amino and hydroxyl groups in its composition, which makes it further fascinating for various uses, including biosensing, textile finishing, antimicrobial wound dressing, tissue engineering, bioimaging, gene, DNA and drug delivery and as a coating material for medical implants. This study is an overview of the different types of chitosan-based materials which now a days have been fabricated by applying different techniques and modifications that include etherification, esterification, crosslinking, graft copolymerization and o-acetylation etc. for hydroxyl groups' processes and acetylation, quaternization, Schiff's base reaction, and grafting for amino groups' reactions. Furthermore, this overview summarizes the literature from recent years related to the important applications of chitosan-based materials (i.e., thin films, nanocomposites or nanoparticles, sponges and hydrogels) in different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Iqbal
- Lipid Utilization, Polymers/Materials Chemistry Group, Department of Agriculture Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Irfan
- Lipid Utilization, Polymers/Materials Chemistry Group, Department of Agriculture Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad Zubair
- Lipid Utilization, Polymers/Materials Chemistry Group, Department of Agriculture Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Aman Ullah
- Lipid Utilization, Polymers/Materials Chemistry Group, Department of Agriculture Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Chhabra J, Chopra H, Pahwa R, Raina N, Wadhwa K, Saini S, Negi P, Gupta M, Singh I, Dureja H, Emran TB. Potential of nanoemulsions for accelerated wound healing: innovative strategies. Int J Surg 2023; 109:2365-2377. [PMID: 37158143 PMCID: PMC10442146 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Wounds represent various significant health concerns for patients and also contribute major costs to healthcare systems. Wound healing comprises of overlapped and various coordinated steps such as homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. In response to the failure of many strategies in delivering intended results including wound closure, fluid loss control, and exhibiting properties such as durability, targeted delivery, accelerated action, along with histocompatibility, numerous nanotechnological advances have been introduced. To understand the magnitude of wound therapy, this systematic and updated review discussing the effectiveness of nanoemulsions has been undertaken. This review portrays mechanisms associated with wound healing, factors for delayed wound healing, and various technologies utilized to treat wounds effectively. While many strategies are available, nanoemulsions have attracted the tremendous attention of scientists globally for the research in wound therapy due to their long-term thermodynamic stability and bioavailability. Nanoemulsions not only aid in tissue repair, but are also considered as an excellent delivery system for various synthetic and natural actives. Nanotechnology provides several pivotal benefits in wound healing, including improved skin permeation, controlled release, and stimulation of fibroblast cell proliferation. The significant role of nanoemulsions in improved wound healing along with their preparation techniques has also been highlighted with special emphasis on mechanistic insights. This article illustrates recent research advancements for the utilization of nanoemulsions in wound treatment. An adequate literature search has been conducted using the keywords 'Nanoemulsions in wound healing', 'Wound therapy and nanoemulsions', 'Herbal actives in wound therapy', 'Natural oils and wounds treatment' etc., from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. Referred and original publications in the English language accessed till April 2022 has been included, whereas nonEnglish language papers, unpublished data, and nonoriginal papers were excluded from the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Chhabra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Pahwa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra
| | - Neha Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, New Delhi
| | - Karan Wadhwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana
| | - Swati Saini
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, New Delhi
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Abdullah Z, Ashraf MU, Barkat K, Badshah SF, Rehman U, Razzaq A, Mahmood A, Ulhaq F, Chopra H, Rashid S, Valko M, Alomar S, Kuca K, Sharma R. Formulation of pH-responsive highly swellable hydrogel scaffolds for controlled release of tramadol HCl: characterization and biocompatibility evaluation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1190322. [PMID: 37304144 PMCID: PMC10250648 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1190322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The objective of current project was to formulate a system for controlled delivery of Tramadol HCl (TRD), an opioid analgesic used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Methods: For this purpose, a pH responsive AvT-co-poly hydrogel network was formulated through free radical polymerization by incorporating natural polymers i.e., aloe vera gel and tamarind gum, monomer and crosslinker. Formulated hydrogels were loaded with Tramadol HCl (TRD) and evaluated for percent drug loading, sol-gel fraction, dynamic and equilibrium swelling, morphological characteristics, structural features and in-vitro release of Tramadol HCl. Results and Discussions: Hydrogels were proved to be pH sensitive as remarkable dynamic swelling response ranging within 2.94g/g-10.81g/g was noticed at pH 7.4 as compared to pH 1.2. Percent drug loading was in the range of 70.28%-90.64% for all formulations. Thermal stability and compatibility of hydrogel components were validated by DSC analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. Controlled release pattern of Tramadol HCl from the polymeric network was confirmed as maximum release of 92.22% was observed for over a period of 24 hours at pH 7.4. Moreover, oral toxicity studies were also conducted in rabbits to investigate the safety of hydrogels. No evidence of any toxicity, lesions and degeneration was reported, confirming the biocompatibility and safety of grafted system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kashif Barkat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Umaira Rehman
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Asma Razzaq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Pakistan
| | - Farid Ulhaq
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marian Valko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Alomar
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Chopra H, Islam MA, Sharun K, Emran TB, Al-Tawfiq JA, Dhama K. Recent advances in the treatment of biofilms induced surgical site infections. Int J Surg 2023; 109:65-67. [PMID: 36799798 PMCID: PMC10389243 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Patient Safety, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chopra H, Bibi S, Singh I, Kamal MA, Islam F, Alhumaydhi FA, Emran TB, Cavalu S. Nanomedicines in the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease: Current View and Future Prospects. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:879114. [PMID: 35875806 PMCID: PMC9304964 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.879114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a kind of dementia that creates serious challenges for sufferers’ memory, thinking, and behavior. It commonly targeting the aging population and decay the brain cells, despite attempts have been performed to enhance AD diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. Hence, AD remains incurable owing to its complex and multifactorial consequences and still there is lack of appropriate diagnostics/therapeutics option for this severe brain disorder. Therefore, nanotechnology is currently bringing new tools and insights to improve the previous knowledge of AD and ultimately may provide a novel treatment option and a ray of hope to AD patients. Here in this review, we highlighted the nanotechnologies-based findings for AD, in both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects and explained how advances in the field of nanotechnology/nanomedicine could enhance patient prognosis and quality of life. It is highly expected these emerging technologies could bring a research-based revolution in the field of neurodegenerative disorders and may assist their clinical experiments and develop an efficacious drug for AD also. The main aim of review is to showcase readers the recent advances in nanotechnology-based approaches for treatment and diagnosing of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Shabana Bibi,
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Talha Bin Emran,
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Simona Cavalu,
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Comparative Study of Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels: Rheological and Texture Properties and Ibuprofen Release. Gels 2022; 8:gels8030168. [PMID: 35323281 PMCID: PMC8951473 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are attractive gelling agents in pharmacy due to their safety, biocompatibility, biodegradability, relatively easy way of preparation, and low price. Due to their variable physical-chemical properties, polysaccharides have potentialities to be used for designing new drug delivery systems for controlled drug release. In this comparative study, rheological and texture properties as well as the in vitro release of model drug ibuprofen (IBU) with 11 polysaccharide-based hydrogels were investigated. The in vitro release of IBU significantly differed between (i) neutral (hydroxy/alkylcelluloses), (ii) anionic (carboxyalkylcellulose and its sodium salt, tragacanth, carrageenan, xanthan gum), and (iii) cationic (chitosans) hydrogels due to different contribution of provided interactions and viscosity within the hydrogel groups. The drug release kinetics of each hydrogel system was evaluated for five kinetic models. Several combinations of cationic hydrogels with neutral or anionic ones were performed to illustrate possibilities of providing modified IBU release profiles. In this context, chitosan was presented as an effective modifier of diffusion profiles for negatively charged drugs formulated into combined polymeric systems, providing their prolonged release. The most appropriate hydrogel for the topical application (i.e., providing favorable rheological and texture properties along with the highest drug release) was selected from a studied series of polysaccharide-based hydrogels.
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Chopra H, Bibi S, Kumar S, Khan MS, Kumar P, Singh I. Preparation and Evaluation of Chitosan/PVA Based Hydrogel Films Loaded with Honey for Wound Healing Application. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020111. [PMID: 35200493 PMCID: PMC8871709 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based honey hydrogel films were developed for potential wound healing application. The hydrogel films were developed by a solvent-casting method and were evaluated in terms of thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, moisture content and moisture uptake. The water vapor transmission rate was found to range between 1650.50 ± 35.86 and 2698.65 ± 76.29 g/m2/day. The tensile strength and elongation at break were found to range between 4.74 ± 0.83 and 38.36 ± 5.39 N, and 30.58 ± 3.64 and 33.51 ± 2.47 mm, respectively, indicating significant mechanical properties of the films. SEM images indicated smooth surface morphology of the films. FTIR, DSC and in silico analysis were performed, which highlighted the docking energies of the protein–ligand complex and binding interactions such as hydrogen bonding, Pi–Pi bonding, and Pi–H bonding between the selected compounds and target proteins; hence, we concluded, with the three best molecules (lumichrome, galagin and chitosan), that there was wound healing potential. In vitro studies pointed toward a sustained release of honey from the films. The antimicrobial performance of the films was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, the results signaled the potential application of chitosan/PVA based hydrogel films as wound dressings. Furthermore, in vivo experiments may be required to evaluate the clinical efficacy of honey-loaded chitosan/PVA hydrogel films in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India;
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- College of Pharmacy, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College, Ropar 140111, Punjab, India;
| | - Muhammad Saad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan;
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India;
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (I.S.)
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Sánchez-Cid P, Jiménez-Rosado M, Rubio-Valle JF, Romero A, Ostos FJ, Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia M, Perez-Puyana V. Biocompatible and Thermoresistant Hydrogels Based on Collagen and Chitosan. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:272. [PMID: 35054678 PMCID: PMC8781623 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are considered good biomaterials for soft tissue regeneration. In this sense, collagen is the most used raw material to develop hydrogels, due to its high biocompatibility. However, its low mechanical resistance, thermal stability and pH instability have generated the need to look for alternatives to its use. In this sense, the combination of collagen with another raw material (i.e., polysaccharides) can improve the final properties of hydrogels. For this reason, the main objective of this work was the development of hydrogels based on collagen and chitosan. The mechanical, thermal and microstructural properties of the hydrogels formed with different ratios of collagen/chitosan (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100) were evaluated after being processed by two variants of a protocol consisting in two stages: a pH change towards pH 7 and a temperature drop towards 4 °C. The main results showed that depending on the protocol, the physicochemical and microstructural properties of the hybrid hydrogels were similar to the unitary system depending on the stage carried out in first place, obtaining FTIR peaks with similar intensity or a more porous structure when chitosan was first gelled, instead of collagen. As a conclusion, the synergy between collagen and chitosan improved the properties of the hydrogels, showing good thermomechanical properties and cell viability to be used as potential biomaterials for Tissue Engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sánchez-Cid
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (P.S.-C.); (A.R.)
| | - Mercedes Jiménez-Rosado
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (P.S.-C.); (A.R.)
| | - José Fernando Rubio-Valle
- Pro2TecS-Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Centre, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Alberto Romero
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (P.S.-C.); (A.R.)
| | - Francisco J. Ostos
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (F.J.O.); (M.R.-E.-I.B.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Mohammed Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (F.J.O.); (M.R.-E.-I.B.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Victor Perez-Puyana
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (P.S.-C.); (A.R.)
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