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He W, Li ZQ, Gu HY, Pan QL, Lin FX. Targeted Therapy of Spinal Cord Injury: Inhibition of Apoptosis Is a Promising Therapeutic Strategy. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4222-4239. [PMID: 38066400 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious disabling central nervous system injury that can lead to motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction below the injury level. SCI can be divided into primary injury and secondary injury according to pathological process. Primary injury is mostly irreversible, while secondary injury is a dynamic regulatory process. Apoptosis is an important pathological event of secondary injury and has a significant effect on the recovery of nerve function after SCI. Nerve cell death can further aggravate the microenvironment of the injured site, leading to neurological dysfunction and thus affect the clinical outcome of patients. Therefore, apoptosis plays a crucial role in the pathological progression of secondary SCI, while inhibiting apoptosis may be a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI. This review will summarize and explore the factors that lead to cell death after SCI, the influence of cross talk between signaling pathways and pathways involved in apoptosis and discuss the influence of apoptosis on SCI, and the therapeutic significance of targeting apoptosis on SCI. This review helps us to understand the role of apoptosis in secondary SCI and provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of SCI based on apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hou-Yun Gu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Lin Pan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Xiang Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), Jiangxi Province, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
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Hu B, Zhao Y, Chen C, Wu B, Zhang H, Liu B, Zheng R, Fang F. Research hotspots and trends of microRNAs in spinal cord injury: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1406977. [PMID: 38836004 PMCID: PMC11149023 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1406977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a nervous system disease leading to motor and sensory dysfunction below the injury level, and can result in paralysis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in SCI treatment, and related research provides insights for SCI diagnosis and treatment. Bibliometrics is an important tool for literature statistics and evaluation, objectively summarizing multidimensional information. This study comprehensively overviews the field through bibliometric analysis of miRNA and SCI research, providing contemporary resources for future collaboration and clinical treatment. Materials and methods In this study, we searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. After careful screening and data import, we extracted annual publications, citation counts, countries, institutions, authors, journals, highly cited articles, co-cited articles, keywords, and H-index. Bibliometrics and visualization analyses employed VOSviewer, CiteSpace, the R package "bibliometrix," and online analytic platforms. Using Arrowsmith, we determined miRNA-SCI relationships and discussed potential miRNA mechanisms in SCI. Results From 2008 to 2024, the number of related papers increased annually, reaching 754. The number of yearly publications remained high and entered a period of rapid development. Researchers from 50 countries/regions, 802 institutions, 278 journals, and 3,867 authors participated in the field. Currently, China has advantages in the number of national papers, citations, institutions, and authors. However, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation among different authors, institutions, and countries to promote the production of important academic achievements. The research in the field currently focuses on nerve injury, apoptosis, and gene expression. Future research directions mainly involve molecular mechanisms, clinical trials, exosomes, and inflammatory reactions. Conclusion Overall, this study comprehensively analyzes the research status and frontier of miRNAs in SCI. A systematic summary provides a complete and intuitive understanding of the relationship between SCI and miRNAs. The presented findings establish a basis for future research and clinical application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyang Hu
- Spinal Surgery, Tongliao People's Hospital, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Computer Network Information Center, Tongliao People's Hospital, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Spinal Surgery, Tongliao People's Hospital, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Spinal Surgery, Tongliao People's Hospital, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Spinal Surgery, Tongliao People's Hospital, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Spinal Surgery, Tongliao People's Hospital, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Runquan Zheng
- Bone Trauma Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Spinal Surgery, Tongliao People's Hospital, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
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Cai C, Li H, Tian Z, Liang Q, Shen R, Wu Z, Liu B, Yang Y. HGF secreted by hUC-MSCs mitigates neuronal apoptosis to repair the injured spinal cord via phosphorylation of Akt/FoxO3a pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149321. [PMID: 38056156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause severe and permanent neurological damage, and neuronal apoptosis could inhibit functional recovery of damaged spinal cord greatly. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have great potential to repair SCI because of a series of advantages, including inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and multiple differentiation. The former may play an important role. However, the detailed regulatory mechanism associated with the inhibition of neuronal apoptosis after hUC-MSCs administration has not been elucidated. In this study, proteomics analysis of precious human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from SCI subjects receiving hUC-MSCs delivery indicated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is largely involved in SCI repair. Furthermore, overexpression of HGF derived from hUC-MSCs could decrease reactive oxygen species to prevent neuron apoptosis to the maximum, and thus lead to significant recovery of spinal cord dysfunction. Moreover, HGF could promote phosphorylation of Akt/FoxO3a pathway to decrease reactive oxygen species to reduce neuron apoptosis. For the first time, our research revealed that HGF secreted by hUC-MSCs inhibits neuron apoptosis by phosphorylation of Akt/FoxO3a to repair SCI. This study provides important clues associated with drug selection for the effective treatment of SCI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Cai
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenming Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruoqi Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zizhao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Wang Y, Yi H, Song Y. miRNA Therapy in Laboratory Models of Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Rodents: A Meta-analysis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1147-1161. [PMID: 35648313 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
miRNA therapy is popularly investigated in treating acute spinal cord injury (SCI) and offers a significant prospect for the treatment of acute SCI. We aimed to provide pre-clinical validations of miRNA in the treatment of SCI. A systematic search of EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases was performed. Rats, which were the most used animals (70%, n = 46 articles), receiving miRNA therapy got prominent recovery in SCI models [BBB score, SMD 3.90, 95% CI 3.08-4.73, p < 0.01]. Locomotor function of fore and hind limbs in SCI mice receiving miRNA therapy (30%, n = 19 articles) [grip strength, SMD 3.22, 95% CI 2.14-4.26; p < 0.01; BBB score, SMD 3.47, 95% CI 2.38-4.56, p < 0.01; BMS, SMD 2.27, 95% CI 1.34-3.20, p < 0.01] also recovered better than mice in control group. Then, we conducted the subgroup analysis and did find that high-quality articles trended to report non-therapeutic effect of miRNA. Furtherly, we analyzed 46 miRNAs, including 9 miRNA families (miR-21-5p/34a-3p/124-3p/126-3p/223-3p/543-3p/30-3p/136-3p/15-5p), among which miR-30-3p/136-3p/15-5p family were not effective in recovering locomotor function of rats. Conclusively, miRNAs are curative drugs for SCI, however, appropriate miRNA carrier and which miRNA is the most efficacious for SCI should be furtherly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Hanxiao Yi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yancheng Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Electroacupuncture-Regulated miR-34a-3p/PDCD6 Axis Promotes Post-Spinal Cord Injury Recovery in Both In Vitro and In Vivo Settings. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9329494. [PMID: 36132985 PMCID: PMC9484976 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9329494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) could enhance neuroregeneration and posttraumatic conditions; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain ambiguous. PDCD6 (programmed cell death 6) is an established proapoptotic regulator which is responsible for motoneuronal death. However, its potential regulatory role in post-spinal cord injury (SCI) regeneration has remained largely unknown. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the involvement of PDCD6 post-SCI recovery and the underlying mechanisms. In our study, based on bioinformatics prediction, we found that miR-34a-3p might be an upstream regulator miRNA for PDCD6, which was subsequently validated through combined utilization of the qRT-PCR, western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter system. Our in vitro results showed that miR-34a-3p might promote the in vitro differentiation of neural stem cell (NSC) through suppressing PDCD6 and regulating other important neural markers such as fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), MAP1/2 (MAP kinase kinases 1/2), myelin basic protein (MBP), βIII-tubulin Class III β-tubulin (βIII tubulin), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Notably, in the post-SCI rat model, exogenous miR-34a-3p agomir obviously inhibited the expression of PDCD6 at the protein level and promoted neuronal proliferation, motoneurons regeneration, and axonal myelination. The restorations at cellular level might contribute to the improved hindlimbs functions of post-SCI rats, which was manifested by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor test. The impact of miR-34a-3p was further promoted by EA treatment in vivo. Conclusively, this paper argues that a miR-34a-3p/PDCD6 axis might be a candidate therapeutic target for treating SCI and that the therapeutic effect of EA is driven through this pathway.
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He X, Li Y, Deng B, Lin A, Zhang G, Ma M, Wang Y, Yang Y, Kang X. The PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in inflammation, cell death and glial scar formation after traumatic spinal cord injury: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13275. [PMID: 35754255 PMCID: PMC9436900 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objects Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) causes neurological dysfunction below the injured segment of the spinal cord, which significantly impacts the quality of life in affected patients. The phosphoinositide 3kinase/serine‐threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway offers a potential therapeutic target for the inhibition of secondary TSCI. This review summarizes updates concerning the role of the PI3K/AKT pathway in TSCI. Materials and Methods By searching articles related to the TSCI field and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, we summarized the mechanisms of secondary TSCI and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; we also discuss current and potential future treatment methods for TSCI based on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Results Early apoptosis and autophagy after TSCI protect the body against injury; a prolonged inflammatory response leads to the accumulation of pro‐inflammatory factors and excessive apoptosis, as well as excessive autophagy in the surrounding normal nerve cells, thus aggravating TSCI in the subacute stage of secondary injury. Initial glial scar formation in the subacute phase is a protective mechanism for TSCI, which limits the spread of damage and inflammation. However, mature scar tissue in the chronic phase hinders axon regeneration and prevents the recovery of nerve function. Activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway can inhibit the inflammatory response and apoptosis in the subacute phase after secondary TSCI; inhibiting this pathway in the chronic phase can reduce the formation of glial scar. Conclusion The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway has an important role in the recovery of spinal cord function after secondary injury. Inducing the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the subacute phase of secondary injury and inhibiting this pathway in the chronic phase may be one of the potential strategies for the treatment of TSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang He
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aixin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Miao Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
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Wang H, Chen M, Gao Z, Gong Y, Yu X, Wu H. Recombinant human erythropoietin protects long-term cultured ageing primary nerve cells by upregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Neuroreport 2022; 33:186-198. [PMID: 35143447 PMCID: PMC8834164 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have found that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) protects long-term cultured ageing primary nerve cells by enhancing the endogenous antioxidant capacity of cells; however, its signalling pathways are not clear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the rhEPO and PI3K/Akt pathways in the protection of senescent nerve cells at the cellular level. METHODS Primary nerve cells were cultured for 22 days to mimic the natural ageing process of nerve cells. rhEPO and LY294002 were administered as an intervention on the 11th day of culture. Western blot, immunochemistry, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, immunofluorescence double-labelling staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI double-labelling flow cytometry, and SA-β-gal staining experiments were used to observe the expression levels of erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) protein and the related indices of nerve cell senescence. RESULTS Western blot experiments showed that in ageing long-term cultured primary neurons, the EPOR and p-Akt decreased and rhEPO upregulated the expression levels of EPOR and p-Akt protein. The rest showed that the PI3K/Akt pathway blockade reduced the antioxidation capacity, cell viability, cell morphology, and ratio of apoptotic cells and senescent cells of rhEPO on ageing long-term cultured primary nerve cells. CONCLUSIONS This study explored the relationship between the rhEPO and PI3K/Akt pathways in the protection of ageing nerve cells at the cellular level and found that rhEPO protects long-term cultured ageing primary nerve cells by upregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings provide a theoretical basis and experimental evidence for the antiaeging mechanism of EPO in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Xiaorui Yu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haiqin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
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PDK1 Inhibitor BX795 Improves Cisplatin and Radio-Efficacy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Downregulating the PDK1/CD47/Akt-Mediated Glycolysis Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111492. [PMID: 34768921 PMCID: PMC8584253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a high prevalence and predicted global mortality rate of 67.1%, necessitating better therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the recurrence and resistance of OSCC after chemo/radioresistance remains a major bottleneck for its effective treatment. Molecular targeting is one of the new therapeutic approaches to target cancer. Among a plethora of targetable signaling molecules, PDK1 is currently rising as a potential target for cancer therapy. Its aberrant expression in many malignancies is observed associated with glycolytic re-programming and chemo/radioresistance. Methods: Furthermore, to better understand the role of PDK1 in OSCC, we analyzed tissue samples from 62 patients with OSCC for PDK1 expression. Combining in silico and in vitro analysis approaches, we determined the important association between PDK1/CD47/LDHA expression in OSCC. Next, we analyzed the effect of PDK1 expression and its connection with OSCC orosphere generation and maintenance, as well as the effect of the combination of the PDK1 inhibitor BX795, cisplatin and radiotherapy in targeting it. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that higher PDK1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in OSCC. The immunoprecipitation assay indicated PDK1/CD47 binding. PDK1 ligation significantly impaired OSCC orosphere formation and downregulated Sox2, Oct4, and CD133 expression. The combination of BX795 and cisplatin markedly reduced in OSCC cell’s epithelial-mesenchymal transition, implying its synergistic effect. p-PDK1, CD47, Akt, PFKP, PDK3 and LDHA protein expression were significantly reduced, with the strongest inhibition in the combination group. Chemo/radiotherapy together with abrogation of PDK1 inhibits the oncogenic (Akt/CD47) and glycolytic (LDHA/PFKP/PDK3) signaling and, enhanced or sensitizes OSCC to the anticancer drug effect through inducing apoptosis and DNA damage together with metabolic reprogramming. Conclusions: Therefore, the results from our current study may serve as a basis for developing new therapeutic strategies against chemo/radioresistant OSCC.
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Jiang B, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Chen Q, Tang J, Zhu G. Glibenclamide Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Promotes Neurological Recovery After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Aged Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:729652. [PMID: 34512312 PMCID: PMC8427510 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.729652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common disease in the elderly population. Inflammation following ICH plays a detrimental role in secondary brain injury, which is associated with a poor prognosis of patients with ICH, and no efficient pharmacological preventions are available. Here, we investigated the effects of glibenclamide (GLC) on neuroinflammation in an autoblood-induced aged rat (18 months old) model of ICH. Rats were randomized into the sham, vehicle, and GLC groups. First, we investigated the expression level of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1) surrounding the hematoma after ICH. Then, neurological scores were calculated, and water maze tests, brain water content analysis, western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays were implemented to detect the neuroprotective effect of GLC. The expression of the Sur1-Trpm4 channel was significantly increased in the perihematomal tissue following ICH in aged rats. The GLC administration effectively reduced brain edema and improved neurofunction deficits following ICH. In addition, GLC increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors and decreased the expression of proinflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6]. Moreover, GLC markedly reduced Ikappa-B (IκB) kinase (IKK) expression in microglia and nuclear factor (NF)-κB-P65 levels in perihematomal tissue. GLC ameliorated ICH-induced neuroinflammation and improved neurological outcomes in aged rats. In part, GLC may exert these effects by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway through the Sur1-Trpm4 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianwei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Wang D, Fei Z, Luo S, Wang H. MiR-335-5p Inhibits β-Amyloid (Aβ) Accumulation to Attenuate Cognitive Deficits Through Targeting c-jun-N-terminal Kinase 3 in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 17:93-101. [PMID: 32003672 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617666200128141938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known as senile dementia, is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and personality changes. Numerous evidences have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis and development of AD. However, the exact role of miR-335-5p in the progression of AD is still not clearly clarified. METHODS The protein and mRNA levels were measured by western blot and RNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. The relationship between miR-335-5p and c-jun-N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with APP mutant gene to establish the in vitro AD cell model. Flow cytometry and western blot were performed to evaluate cell apoptosis. The APP/PS1 transgenic mice were used as an in vivo AD model. Morris water maze test was performed to assess the effect of miR- 335-5p on the cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. RESULTS The JNK3 mRNA expression and protein levels of JNK3 and β-Amyloid (Aβ) were significantly up-regulated, and the mRNA expression of miR-335-5p was down-regulated in the brain tissues of AD patients. The expression levels of miR-335-5p and JNK3 were significantly inversely correlated. Further, the dual Luciferase assay verified the relationship between miR-335- 5p and JNK3. Overexpression of miR-335-5p significantly decreased the protein levels of JNK3 and Aβ and inhibited apoptosis in SH-SY5Y/APPswe cells, whereas the inhibition of miR-335-5p obtained the opposite results. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-335-5p remarkably improved the cognitive abilities of APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION The results revealed that the increased JNK3 expression, negatively regulated by miR-335-5p, may be a potential mechanism that contributes to Aβ accumulation and AD progression, indicating a novel approach for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hefei Binhu Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhifu Fei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yingshang County People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Song Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Beizavi Z, Gheibihayat SM, Moghadasian H, Zare H, Yeganeh BS, Askari H, Vakili S, Tajbakhsh A, Savardashtaki A. The regulation of CD47-SIRPα signaling axis by microRNAs in combination with conventional cytotoxic drugs together with the help of nano-delivery: a choice for therapy? Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5707-5722. [PMID: 34275112 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD47, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is an important "Don't Eat-Me" signal in phagocytosis process [clearance of apoptotic cells] as well as a regulator of the adaptive immune response. The lower level of CD47 on the cell surface leads to the clearance of apoptotic cells. Dysregulation of CD47 plays a critical role in the development of disorders, particularly cancers. In cancers, recognition of CD47 overexpression on the surface of cancer cells by its receptor, SIRPα on the phagocytic cells, inhibits phagocytosis of cancer cells. Thus, blocking of CD47-SIRPα signaling axis might be as a promising therapeutic target, which promotes phagocytosis of cancer cells, antigen-presenting cell function as well as adaptive T cell-mediated anti-cancer immunity. In this respect, it has been reported that CD47 expression can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs can regulate phagocytosis of macrophages apoptotic process, drug resistance, relapse of disease, radio-sensitivity, and suppress cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through post-transcriptional regulation of CD47-SIRPα signaling axis. Moreover, the regulation of CD47 expression by miRNAs and combination with conventional cytotoxic drugs together with the help of nano-delivery represent a valuable opportunity for effective cancer treatment. In this review, we review studies that evaluate the role of miRNAs in the regulation of CD47-SIRPα in disorders to achieve a novel preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategy.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct. Confirmed.Journal standard instruction requires a structured abstract; however, none was provided. Please supply an Abstract with subsections..Not confirmed. This is a review article. According to submission guidelines: "The abstract should be presented divided into subheadings (unless it is a mini or full review article)". Kindly check and confirm whether the corresponding authors and mail ID are correctly identified. Confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Beizavi
- Department of General Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hadis Moghadasian
- Laboratory of Common Basic Sciences, Mohammad Rasool Allah Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Zare
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Babak Shirazi Yeganeh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Askari
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Vakili
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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12
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Chen Y, Wei Z, Liu J, Xie H, Wang B, Wu J, Zhu Z, Fan Y. Long noncoding RNA ZFAS1 aggravates spinal cord injury by binding with miR-1953 and regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:104977. [PMID: 33524472 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel modulators in the development of many neurological diseases, including spinal cord injury (SCI). Recently, a novel lncRNA zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1) has been found to facilitate the development of many human diseases. However, the effect of ZFAS1 in SCI has not been explored. In the present study, we used the SCI mouse models and LPS-treated BV-2 cellular models to explore the role of ZFAS1 in SCI. Basso Mouse Scale score was applied to reveal locomotor function. Cresyl violet staining was used to reveal volume of spared myelin around the lesion in the injured cord. RIP and luciferase reporter assay were applied to detect binding capacity among RNAs. Next, ZFAS1 was identified to be upregulated in spinal cord tissues of SCI mice. ZFAS1 knockdown promoted functional recovery and inhibited cell apoptosis and the inflammatory response in SCI mice. ZFAS1 bound with microRNA 1953 (miR-1953), and miR-1953 was downregulated in spinal cord tissues of SCI mice. Furthermore, we confirmed that ZFAS1 promoted SCI progression via binding with miR-1953. In addition, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was verified to be a downstream target for miR-1953 in vitro, and PTEN was upregulated in spinal cord tissues of SCI mice. Finally, we illustrated that ZFAS1 inactivated the PI3K/AKT pathway through upregulation of PTEN. In conclusion, our study revealed that ZFAS1 facilitated SCI by binding with miR-1953 and regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, which may provide a potential novel insight for treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital), Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zijian Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China; Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zezhang Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China; Department of Spine Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuejun Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital), Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Gheibihayat SM, Cabezas R, Nikiforov NG, Jamialahmadi T, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. CD47 in the Brain and Neurodegeneration: An Update on the Role in Neuroinflammatory Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133943. [PMID: 34203368 PMCID: PMC8271744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD47 is a receptor belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and broadly expressed on cell membranes. Through interactions with ligands such as SIRPα, TSP-1, integrins, and SH2-domain bearing protein tyrosine phosphatase substrate-1 (SHPS-1), CD47 regulates numerous functions like cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, homeostasis, and the immune system. In this aspect, previous research has shown that CD47 modulates phagocytosis via macrophages, the transmigration of neutrophils, and the activation of T-cells, dendritic cells, and B-cells. Moreover, several studies have reported the increased expression of the CD47 receptor in a variety of diseases, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma (MM), bladder cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Gaucher disease, Multiple Sclerosis and stroke among others. The ubiquitous expression of the CD47 cell receptor on most resident cells of the CNS has previously been established through different methodologies. However, there is little information concerning its precise functions in the development of different neurodegenerative pathologies in the CNS. Consequently, further research pertaining to the specific functions and roles of CD47 and SIRP is required prior to its exploitation as a druggable approach for the targeting of various neurodegenerative diseases that affect the human population. The present review attempts to summarize the role of both CD47 and SIRP and their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8916188635, Iran;
| | - Ricardo Cabezas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá 111511, Colombia;
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan 19395/1495, Iran;
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran
| | - Thomas P. Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64131, USA;
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6907, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran
- Correspondence: or
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14
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MicroRNA-488 inhibits neural inflammation and apoptosis in spinal cord injury through restraint on the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1017-1026. [PMID: 34102644 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Secondary spinal cord injury (SCI), a reversible pathological change, involves neural inflammation and apoptosis. This study explored how microRNA (miR)-488, an inflammatory regulator as reported affected secondary SCI. METHODS In vivo, Wistar rats were clipped on the spinal cord for SCI induction. In vitro, PC-12 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce cell injuries to mimic the environment during the secondary SCI. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. The levels of inflammation-related factors (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) in the serum and PC-12 cells were determined by ELISA. The expressions of miR-488, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved caspase-3, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), phosphorylated (p)-p65 and total-p65 in rat spinal cord or PC-12 cells were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR or western blot. RESULTS After SCI induction, rats exhibited low Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores, promoted the release of inflammation-related factors and downregulated miR-488. LPS treatment decreased cell viability, enhanced apoptosis and downregulated miR-488. Upregulating miR-488 neutralized LPS-induced releases of inflammation-related factors and expressions of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and counteracted LPS-induced inhibition on Bcl-2 expression. MiR-488 directly targeted HMGB1 and miR-488 mimic decreased LPS-induced HMGB1 expression. Overexpressing HMGB1 counteracted miR-488 mimic-induced decreases in the expressions of TLR4 and p-p65 and the ratio of p-p65 to Total-p65 in LPS-treated PC-12 cells. CONCLUSION MiR-488 inhibited neural inflammation and apoptosis in SCI via its binding with HMGB1-mediated restraint on the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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15
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Baroncini A, Maffulli N, Eschweiler J, Tingart M, Migliorini F. Pharmacological management of secondary spinal cord injury. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1793-1800. [PMID: 33899630 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1918674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Secondary spinal cord injury (SCI) sets on immediately after trauma and, despite prompt treatment, may become chronic. SCI is a complex condition and presents numerous challenges to patients and physicians alike, also considering the lack of an approved pharmacological therapy.Areas covered: This review describes the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to secondary SCI to highlight possible targets for pharmacological therapy. Furthermore, an extensive search of the literature on different databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Embase, and Scopus) and of the current clinical trials (clinicaltrials.gov) was performed to investigate the current outlook for the pharmacological management of SCI. Only drugs with performed or ongoing clinical trials were considered.Expert opinion: Pharmacological therapy aims to improve motor and sensory function in patients. Overall, drugs are divided into neuroprotective compounds, which aim to limit the damage induced by the pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic milieu of SCI, and neuroregenerative drugs, which induce neuronal and axonal regrowth. While many compounds have been trialed with promising results, none has yet completed a stage III trial and has been approved for the pharmacological management of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Baroncini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Stoke on Trent, UK.,Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Tingart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Hu J, Rodemer W, Zhang G, Jin LQ, Li S, Selzer ME. Chondroitinase ABC Promotes Axon Regeneration and Reduces Retrograde Apoptosis Signaling in Lamprey. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653638. [PMID: 33842481 PMCID: PMC8027354 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paralysis following spinal cord injury (SCI) is due to failure of axonal regeneration. It is believed that axon growth is inhibited by the presence of several types of inhibitory molecules in central nervous system (CNS), including the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Many studies have shown that digestion of CSPGs with chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) can enhance axon growth and functional recovery after SCI. However, due to the complexity of the mammalian CNS, it is still unclear whether this involves true regeneration or only collateral sprouting by uninjured axons, whether it affects the expression of CSPG receptors such as protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPσ), and whether it influences retrograde neuronal apoptosis after SCI. In the present study, we assessed the roles of CSPGs in the regeneration of spinal-projecting axons from brainstem neurons, and in the process of retrograde neuronal apoptosis. Using the fluorochrome-labeled inhibitor of caspase activity (FLICA) method, apoptotic signaling was seen primarily in those large, individually identified reticulospinal (RS) neurons that are known to be “bad-regenerators.” Compared to uninjured controls, the number of all RS neurons showing polycaspase activity increased significantly at 2, 4, 8, and 11 weeks post-transection (post-TX). ChABC application to a fresh TX site reduced the number of polycaspase-positive RS neurons at 2 and 11 weeks post-TX, and also reduced the number of active caspase 3-positive RS neurons at 4 weeks post-TX, which confirmed the beneficial role of ChABC treatment in retrograde apoptotic signaling. ChABC treatment also greatly promoted axonal regeneration at 10 weeks post-TX. Correspondingly, PTPσ mRNA expression was reduced in the perikaryon. Previously, PTPσ mRNA expression was shown to correlate with neuronal apoptotic signaling at 2 and 10 weeks post-TX. In the present study, this correlation persisted after ChABC treatment, which suggests that PTPσ may be involved more generally in signaling axotomy-induced retrograde neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, ChABC treatment caused Akt activation (pAkt-308) to be greatly enhanced in brain post-TX, which was further confirmed in individually identified RS neurons. Thus, CSPG digestion not only enhances axon regeneration after SCI, but also inhibits retrograde RS neuronal apoptosis signaling, possibly by reducing PTPσ expression and enhancing Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Hu
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William Rodemer
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Li-Qing Jin
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shuxin Li
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael E Selzer
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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17
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Sun C, Li B, Duan H, Tao B, Zhao C, Li W, Pang Y, Fan B, Feng S. Cytokine expressions of spinal cord injury treated by neurotropin and nafamostat mesylate. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:489. [PMID: 33850886 PMCID: PMC8039678 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe physical disability and sensory dysfunction. Neurotropin (NTP) has been used clinically to alleviate neuropathic pain, while nafamostat mesylate (NM) used clinical on pancreatitis patients through inhibiting synthetic serine protease. Our previous studies showed that NTP and NM were able to repair SCI. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully explored after treatment with these 2 different drugs. Methods The drugs NTP and NM were administered on a contusion SCI Wistar rat model. Cytokine array analysis was performed to describe the changes of 67 proteins after acute SCI. Hierarchical clustering and volcano plot analysis were conducted to clarify protein change profiles. The differently expressed proteins related to biological processes were analyzed by functional protein association networks, Gene Ontology and pathway analysis. Flow cytometric analysis was detected to reflect the activation of immune system after drug intervention, while withdrawal threshold and BBB score were detected to evaluated the mechanical allodynia and functional recovery after SCI. Results HGF, β-NGF, and activin were the 3 most upregulated proteins, while the receptor for RAGE, IL-1α, and TNF-α were the 3 most downregulated proteins after NTP treatment. Adiponectin, decorin and CTACK were the 3 most upregulated proteins, while RAGE, IL-1α, and IL-1β were the 3 most downregulated proteins in the NM group. Number of lymphocytes was decreased while BBB score was increased both in NTP and NM group. But only NTP could improve mechanical pain threshold after SCI. Conclusions The PI3K-Akt, Jak-STAT signaling pathway and apoptosis might participate in SCI restoration by NTP, while the MAPK and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway may participated in repairing SCI with NM. We concluded that NTP regulated the microenvironment via a neuroprotective effect and inhibition of inflammation to repair SCI, while NM healed SCI through an anti-inflammatory effect. Both NTP and NM could down-regulate the activation of immune system and improve the functional recovery while only NTP could improve the pathological neuralgia after SCI. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of these 2 clinical drugs indicates that they their expected to be effective clinical treatment for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiquan Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yilin Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoyou Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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18
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Yuan D, Qian H, Guo T, Ye J, Jin C, Liu X, Jiang L, Wang X, Lin M, Yu H. LncRNA-ATB Promotes the Tumorigenesis of Ovarian Cancer via Targeting miR-204-3p. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:573-583. [PMID: 32021299 PMCID: PMC6980864 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s230552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer ranks fifth among the most prevalent cancer type in females all over the world. It is the second most frequent malignant tumor which accounts for 3% of cancer in females. Therefore, to explore the mechanism of carcinogenesis in ovarian cancer is important to develop new treatment methods. It has been previously found that lncRNA-ATB could promote the tumorigenesis of malignant tumors. However, the role of lncRNA-ATB during the progression of ovarian cancer remains unclear. Methods Gene expressions in tissues or cells were detected by using qRT-PCR. Western blot was performed to investigate the protein expressions in ovarian cancer cells. Cell apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry. Moreover, the correction between lncRNA-ATB and miR-204-3p was examined by Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pulldown. Cell proliferation and invasion were detected by CCK-8, Ki-67 staining and transwell assay, respectively. Finally, xenograft mice model was established to confirm the result of in vitro experiments. Results LncRNA-ATB silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. In addition, luciferase activity suggested that lncRNA-ATB negatively regulated miR-204-3p in ovarian cancer. Besides, Nidogen 1 (NID1) was the direct target of miR-204-3p. Overexpression of NID1 could notably reverse the inhibitory effect of lncRNA-ATB knockdown on the progression of ovarian cancer. Finally, lncRNA-ATB silencing notably attenuated the severity of ovarian cancer in vivo. Conclusion Downregulation of lncRNA-ATB significantly inhibited the tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo, which may serve as a potential novel target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglan Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Guo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ye
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Jin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Lin
- Scientific Research Office, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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