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Kushawaha SK, Ashawat MS, Soni D, Kumar P, Rimpi, Baldi A. Aurothioglucose encapsulated nanoparticles fostered neuroprotection in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148906. [PMID: 38570152 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Alzherimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent ubiquitous ailment worldwide with limited therapies that only alleviate the symptoms of AD but do not cure them entirely because of the restricted blood-brain barrier passage of the drug. Hence with new advanced technology, nanoparticles can offer an opportunity as the active candidate to overcome the above limitations. Aurothioglucose, a synthetic glucose derivative of the gold compound, has been clinically proven to be an effective anti-inflammatory drug for rheumatic arthritis. Recently, several scientific groups have developed gold nanoparticle preparations and tested them for the treatment of dementia. This study was planned to prepare the PLGA nanoparticles of aurothioglucose (ATG) and check the neuroprotective potential against STZ-induced AD in rats. The nanoparticles were prepared using the double emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized for various parameters such as drug-excipient interaction, particle size, zeta potential, and morphology. Then, rats were injected STZ (3 mg/kg/i.c.v., days 1 and 3) and ATG (5 and 10 mg/kg/s.c.), ATG NPs (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/s.c.) and donepezil (2 mg/kg/p.o) from 15th to 29th day. Behavior parameters were performed using an actophotometer, MWM, and ORT. On the 30th day, all the animals were sacrificed, and the brains were isolated for estimating biochemical, neurochemical, and proinflammatory markers. It was observed that ATG NPs significantly restored all behavior and neurotransmitter alterations caused by STZ. Also, it increased antioxidant levels and decreased inflammatory cytokines significantly, then ATG alone. Thus, the study suggests that ATG loaded PLGA NPs could be used as a novel therapeutic strategy to slow the process of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar Kushawaha
- Pharma Innovation Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Mahendra Singh Ashawat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Distt. Kangra, Himanchal Pradesh 176031, India
| | - Divya Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India.
| | - Rimpi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE College, Baddowal, Ludhiana 141021, India
| | - Ashish Baldi
- Pharma Innovation Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda 151001, India.
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Anand P, Kaur A, Singh S. Fucoxanthin mitigates valproic acid-induced autistic behavior through modulation of the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176335. [PMID: 38331341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of fucoxanthin, a natural compound found in seaweed, on various aspects of autism using a rat model induced by valproic acid (VPA). Pregnant rats were administered VPA (600 mg/kg) on gestational day 12.5, and male pups were orally administered fucoxanthin at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg beginning on post-natal day (PND) 23-43. Behavioral assessments were conducted on PND 45-53, and on PND 54, the animals were sacrificed for further biochemical analyses (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO)) via UV spectroscopy. Inflammatory markers (IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-1β) were also analyzed by sandwich ELISA, and the molecular parameters were evaluated through ELISA. The results revealed that, compared with VPA, fucoxanthin improved behavior and neuronal morphology. Specifically, fucoxanthin administration was found to enhance spatial memory, reduce pain sensitivity, and improve social interaction, locomotor activity, balance, and motor coordination. Fucoxanthin also exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as indicated by the restoration of SOD and GSH levels and reduced inflammatory cytokine levels. Molecular analyses revealed that fucoxanthin restored the levels of GSK-3β and AKT. Furthermore, fucoxanthin regulates neurotransmitters, which are related to increasing GABA and reducing glutamate levels in the cortex and cerebellum. The therapeutic effects were dose-dependent, with higher doses (200 mg/kg) showing greater efficacy than lower doses (100 mg/kg) in improving behavioral, biochemical, neurotransmitter, and molecular parameters. Fucoxanthin is a potential treatment for autism, but further research, including clinical trials, is necessary to determine its effectiveness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Anand
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Arshbir Kaur
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Yan J, Li Z, Liang Y, Yang C, Ou W, Mo H, Tang M, Chen D, Zhong C, Que D, Feng L, Xiao H, Song X, Yang P. Fucoxanthin alleviated myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury through inhibition of ferroptosis via the NRF2 signaling pathway. Food Funct 2023; 14:10052-10068. [PMID: 37861458 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02633g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a severe complication of revascularization therapy in patients with myocardial infarction. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement to find more therapeutic solutions for MIRI. Recently, ferroptosis, which is characterized by lipid peroxidation, was considered a critical contributor to MIRI. Fucoxanthin (FX), a natural antioxidant carotenoid, which is abundant in brown seaweed, exerts protective effects under various pathological conditions. However, whether FX alleviates MIRI is unclear. This study aims to clarify the effects of FX on MIRI. Methods: Mice with left anterior descending artery ligation and reperfusion were used as in vivo models. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) induced with hypoxia and reperfusion were used as in vitro models. TTC-Evans blue staining was performed to validate the infarction size. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to detect mitochondrial injury in cardiomyocytes. In addition, 4 weeks after MIRI, echocardiography was performed to measure cardiac function; fluorescent probes and western blots were used to detect ferroptosis. Results: TTC-Evans blue staining showed that FX reduced the infarction size induced by MIRI. Transmission electron microscopy showed that FX ameliorated the MIRI-induced myofibril loss and mitochondrion shrinkage. Furthermore, FX improved LVEF and LVFS and inhibited myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis after 4 weeks in mice with MIRI. In the in vitro study, calcein AM/PI staining and TUNEL staining showed that FX reduced cell death caused by hypoxia and reperfusion treatment. DCFH-DA and MitoSOX probes indicated that FX inhibited cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, C11-BODIPY 581/591 staining, ferro-orange staining, MDA assay, Fe2+ assay, 4-hydroxynonenal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot were performed and the results revealed that FX ameliorated ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo, as indicated by inhibiting lipid ROS and Fe2+ release, as well as by modulating ferroptosis hallmark FTH, TFRC, and GPX4 expression. Additionally, the protective effects of FX were eliminated by the NRF2 inhibitor brusatol, as observed from western blotting, C11-BODIPY 581/591 staining, and calcein AM/PI staining, indicating that FX exerted cardio-protective effects on MIRI through the NRF2 pathway. Conclusion: Our study showed that FX alleviated MIRI through the inhibition of ferroptosis via the NRF2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zehua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaobo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaqiang Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Deshu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chongbin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongdong Que
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyun Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xudong Song
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Pingzhen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
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Aran KR, Gupta GD, Singh S. Cladribine induces apoptosis, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial oxidative stress, tau phosphorylation and Aβ (1-42) pathway in the hippocampus: An in vivo approach. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 133:102340. [PMID: 37708945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Cladribine is a purine nucleoside found to enhance toxic amyloid protein and cause memory impairment. Patients following chemotherapy treatment commonly suffer from cognitive deficits more prevalent in the elderly than adults. A previous research study revealed that cladribine has a high affinity to the brain, increases the level of amyloid precursor protein, and results in learning deficits. The study was designed to validate an animal model of cladribine administration to rats through mitochondrial oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, tau phosphorylation, and amyloid-β (1-42) accumulation. In this study, all rats were orally given cladribine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) for 28 days, resulting in impaired spatial memory confirmed by behavioural activity. On day 29, all rats were euthanized, and the hippocampal tissues were isolated and used for the estimation of neuroinflammatory markers, biochemicals parameters (glutathione, catalase, lipid peroxidation, and nitrite), amyloid-β (1-42) level, neurotransmitters, and nuclear factor kappa B analysis. Cladribine administration significantly elevated cytokines release, dysbalanced neurotransmitter concentration, and promoted the Aβ accumulation and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Our study outcome confirmed that cladribine produces cognitive impairment via activation of Nuclear factor kappa B, mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysbalanced of the endogenous antioxidant defence system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadga Raj Aran
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga, Punjab 142001, India; I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India
| | - G D Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga, Punjab 142001, India.
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Hong DD, Thom LT, Ha NC, Thu NTH, Hien HTM, Tam LT, Dat NM, Duc TM, Tru NV, Hang NTM, Ambati RR. Isolation of Fucoxanthin from Sargassum oligocystum Montagne, 1845 Seaweed in Vietnam and Its Neuroprotective Activity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2310. [PMID: 37626806 PMCID: PMC10452663 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin extracted and purified from Vietnamese Sargassum oligocystum Montagne, 1845 exhibits various biological activities. In this study, the ability of fucoxanthin to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the antioxidant activities, and the expression of antioxidant enzymes were investigated. Fucoxanthin isolated from Vietnamese S. oligocystum showed no cytotoxic effects; moreover, it exhibited AChE inhibitory activity (with an IC50 value of 130.12 ± 6.65 μg mL-1) and antioxidant activity (with an IC50 value of 3.42 ± 0.15 mg mL-1). At concentrations of 50 and 100 µg mL-1, fucoxanthin provided protection against amyloid β-protein fragment 25-35-induced neurotoxicity in a C6 neuronal cell line, and the survival of C6 cells was higher than 81.01% and 80.98%, respectively, compared to the control group (59%). Moreover, antioxidant enzyme activity and quantitative PCR analysis suggested that the neuroprotective effect of fucoxanthin resulted from regulation of the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and GPx) and ER pathways (caspase-3 and Bax), as well as the promotion of expression of genes involved in PI3K/Akt signaling (GSK-3β), autophagy (p62 and ATG5), and the biosynthesis of ACh (VAChT and ChAT). Therefore, fucoxanthin extracted from the seaweed S. oligocystum in Vietnam is a potential feedstock source for the production of health foods that exert neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Diem Hong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Thom
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Nguyen Cam Ha
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Ngo Thi Hoai Thu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Hoang Thi Minh Hien
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Luu Thi Tam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Nguyen Manh Dat
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Tran Mai Duc
- Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang 57100, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen Van Tru
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Minh Hang
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Ranga Rao Ambati
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to Be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur 522213, India;
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Singh L, Singh S. Neuroprotective potential of Honokiol in ICV-STZ induced neuroinflammation, Aβ (1-42) and NF-kB expression in experimental model of rats. Neurosci Lett 2023; 799:137090. [PMID: 36690059 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a most common and prevalent age related insidious neurological condition characterised by formation of Aβ (1-42) plaques and NFT in the hippocampus. Major symptoms of AD include memory and cognitive loss caused by neuroinflammation, Aβ (1-42) plaques, and NFT accumulation in the brain. Intracerebroventricular administration of STZ up-regulates the level of Aβ (1-42) plaques, and NFT by activating NF-kB pathway. All animals were trained for behaviour analysis before infusion of ICV-STZ bilaterally, at a dose of 3 mg/kg; icv. The stereotaxic surgery was performed in target region with coordinates -2 mm [AP], 1.6 mm [MR], and1.5 mm [DV]. On day 1 and day 3 after surgery HS (hamilton syringe) was used to infuse STZ at the target region of brain. Morris Water Maze (MWM), and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) tests were performed to check spatial and learning memory in all groups. ICV-STZ infusion produced memory impairment by increasing the activity of AchE, oxidative markers (LPO, GSH, and nitrite), neurotransmitters levels (AchE, GABA, and glutamate), and release of neuroinflammatory markers (NF-kB, IL-6, and IL-1β). The treatment with Honokiol (Bioactive polyphenolic compound) significantly ameliorated the behavioural changes at a dose of 5, and 10 mg/kg; i.p on day 7, 14, and 21. After behavioural analysis rats were sacrificed on day 22, and the hippocampus tissue was collected to investigate the biochemical, neuroinflammatory, neurotransmitters, histopathological, and immunohistopathological changes. Here, we have found Honokiol significantly down regulates the Aβ plaques via NF-kB inhibition and also reduced neuroinflammation in the brain of rats. Further inhibits the NF-kB expression confirmed for immunohistochemistry analysis. It was observed that Honokiol (5, and 10 mg/kg; i.p) dose-dependently ameliorated AchE level restored neurotransmitters concentrations in hippocampal region, and prevented neuronal loss confirmed from histopathology studies. We concluded that Honokiol drastically produced protective effect in AD model via antioxidant, reducing inflammation, AchE level, restoration of neurofibrillary tangles and preventing NF-kB as well as histopathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovekesh Singh
- Neuropharmacology division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India.
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7
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Dong X, Zhou S, Nao J. Kaempferol as a therapeutic agent in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from preclinical studies. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101910. [PMID: 36924572 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and seriously affects human life and health. Kaempferol (KMP) is a common flavonoid, that is mainly derived from the rhizomes of Kaempferol galanga L. and is widely found in various fruits and vegetables. Previous studies have suggested that KMP has multiple pharmacological activities. However, the anti-AD mechanism of KMP has not been elucidated. METHODS This systematic review aims to summarize the existing preclinical experiments on KMP, further confirm the therapeutic effect of KMP in an AD model, and summarize the possible mechanism by which KMP exerts anti-AD effects. Electronic databases, including PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Academic, and Wanfang, were searched using the keywords of 'Kaempferol,' 'KMP,' 'pharmacology,' and 'Alzheimer's disease'. RESULTS We evaluated the reliability of the 12 included studies, and the results showed that the anti-AD mechanism of KMP was reliable and that the prospect of KMP in the treatment of cognitive impairment was promising. We comprehensively assessed the neuroprotective effects of KMP in in vivo and in vitro models of AD. These studies shown that KMP ameliorated AD through several mechanisms, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-acetylcholinesterase effects. CONCLUSION KMP may exert anti-AD effects through various mechanisms and is a potential drug with broad prospects for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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Chen Y, Lu H, Ding Y, Liu S, Ding Y, Lu B, Xiao J, Zhou X. Dietary Protective Potential of Fucoxanthin as an Active Food Component on Neurological Disorders. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3599-3619. [PMID: 36802555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular, and psychiatric diseases and other neurological disorders has increased dramatically worldwide. Fucoxanthin is an algal pigment with many biological functions, and there is rising evidence that fucoxanthin plays a preventive and therapeutic role in neurological disorders. This review focuses on the metabolism, bioavailability, and blood-brain barrier penetration of fucoxanthin. Furthermore, the neuroprotective potential of fucoxanthin in neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and psychiatric diseases as well as other neurological disorders such as epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and brain tumors by acting on multiple targets will be summarized. The multiple targets include regulating apoptosis, reducing oxidative stress, activating the autophagy pathway, inhibiting Aβ aggregation, improving dopamine secretion, reducing α-synuclein aggregation, attenuating neuroinflammation, modulating gut microbiota, and activating brain-derived neurotrophic factor, etc. Additionally, we look forward to brain-targeted oral transport systems due to the low bioavailability and blood-brain barrier permeability of fucoxanthin. We also propose exploring the systemic mechanisms of fucoxanthin metabolism and transport through the gut-brain process and envision new therapeutic targets for fucoxanthin to act on the central nervous system. Finally, we propose dietary fucoxanthin delivery interventions to achieve preventive effects on neurological disorders. This review provides a reference for the application of fucoxanthin in the neural field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hao Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yicheng Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shulai Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yuting Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Xuxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Rehman MU, Sehar N, Dar NJ, Khan A, Arafah A, Rashid S, Rashid SM, Ganaie MA. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases: An update on current advances and impediments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104961. [PMID: 36395982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and Huntington disease (HD) represent a major socio-economic challenge in view of their high prevalence yet poor treatment outcomes affecting quality of life. The major challenge in drug development for these NDs is insufficient clarity about the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation are common pathways that are linked to neuronal abnormalities and initiation of these diseases. Thus, elucidating the shared initial molecular and cellular mechanisms is crucial for recognizing novel remedial targets, and developing therapeutics to impede or stop disease progression. In this context, use of multifunctional compounds at early stages of disease development unclogs new avenues as it acts on act on multiple targets in comparison to single target concept. In this review, we summarize overview of the major findings and advancements in recent years focusing on shared mechanisms for better understanding might become beneficial in searching more potent pharmacological interventions thereby reducing the onset or severity of various NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nouroz Sehar
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nawab John Dar
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78992 USA
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzada Mudasir Rashid
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Majid Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Arjmandi-rad S, Zarrindast MR, Shadfar S, Nasehi M. The role of sleep deprivation in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer’s disease-like sporadic dementia in rats with respect to the serum level of oxidative and inflammatory markers. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:3259-3270. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Li N, Gao X, Zheng L, Huang Q, Zeng F, Chen H, Farag MA, Zhao C. Advances in fucoxanthin chemistry and management of neurodegenerative diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154352. [PMID: 35917771 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic, currently incurable, diseases of the elderly, which are characterized by protein misfolding and neuronal damage. Fucoxanthin, derived from marine brown algae, presents a promising candidate for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. HYPOTHESIS AND PURPOSE The relationship between neurodegenerative disease management and fucoxanthin has not yet been clarified. This study focuses on the fundamental mechanisms and targets of fucoxanthin in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease management, showing that communication between the brain and the gut contributes to neurodegenerative diseases and early diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases. This paper also presents, new insights for future therapeutic directions based on the integrated application of artificial intelligence. CONCLUSION Fucoxanthin primarily binds to amyloid fibrils with spreading properties such as Aβ, tau, and α-synuclein to reduce their accumulation levels, alleviate inflammatory factors, and restore mitochondrial membranes to prevent oxidative stress via Nrf2 and Akt signaling pathways, involving reduction of specific secretases. In addition, fucoxanthin may serve as a preventive diagnosis for neurodegenerative diseases through ophthalmic disorders. It can modulate gut microbes and has potential for the alleviation and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lingjun Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qihui Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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12
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Patel B, Sheth D, Vyas A, Shah S, Parmar S, Patel C, Patel S, Beladiya J, Pande S, Modi K. Amelioration of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced cognitive dysfunction by Ocimum sanctum L. through the modulation of inflammation and GLP-1 levels. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2533-2543. [PMID: 35900690 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
DPP-4 inhibitors have been shown to reverse amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with cognitive impairment. Ocimum sanctum L. leaves reported the presence of important phytoconstituents which are reported to have DPP-4 inhibitory activity. To investigate the effects of petroleum ether extract of Ocimum sanctum L. (PEOS) in Intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) induced AD rats. ICV-STZ (3 mg/kg) was injected bilaterally into male Wistar rats, while sham animals received the artificial CSF. The ICV-STZ-induced rats were administered with three doses of PEOS (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) for thirty days. All experimental rats were subjected to behaviour parameters (radial arm maze task and novel object recognition test), neurochemical parameters such as GLP-1, Aβ42, and TNF-α levels, and histopathological examination (Congo red staining) of the left brain hemisphere. PEOS significantly reversed the spatial learning and memory deficit exhibited by ICV-STZ-induced rats. Furthermore, PEOS also shows promising results in retreating Aβ deposition, TNF α, and increasing GLP-1 levels. The histopathological study also showed a significant dose-dependent reduction in amyloid plaque formation and dense granule in PEOS -treated rats as compared to the ICV-STZ induced rats (Negative control). The results show that extract of Ocimum sanctum L. attenuated ICV-STZ-induced learning and memory deficits in rats and has the potential to be employed in the therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bansy Patel
- B. K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Rajkot, 360003, Gujarat, India
| | - Devang Sheth
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabdad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Amit Vyas
- B. K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Rajkot, 360003, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunny Shah
- B. K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Rajkot, 360003, Gujarat, India
| | - Sachin Parmar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360003, Gujarat, India
| | - Chirag Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabdad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabdad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Jayesh Beladiya
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabdad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonal Pande
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabdad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Ketan Modi
- Government Pharmacy College, Gandhinagar, 382026, Gujarat, India
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13
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Souza LC, Andrade MK, Azevedo EM, Ramos DC, Bail EL, Vital MABF. Andrographolide Attenuates Short-Term Spatial and Recognition Memory Impairment and Neuroinflammation Induced by a Streptozotocin Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1440-1454. [PMID: 36029454 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically manifested by a gradual cognitive decline. Intracerebroventricular injection (ICV) of streptozotocin (STZ), a model of sporadic AD (sAD), shows many aspects of sAD abnormalities (i.e., neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, protein aggregation), resulting in memory impairment. Andrographolide (ANDRO), a natural diterpene lactone, has numerous bioactivities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Studies in rodents revealed that ANDRO has neuroprotective properties and restores cognitive impairment. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ANDRO in the ICV-STZ model relative to short-term spatial memory (object location test (OLT) and Y maze test), short-term recognition memory (object recognition test (ORT)), locomotor activity (open field test (OFT)), expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and activation of astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression) and microglia (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1) immunohistochemistry) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). Wistar rats were injected ICV with STZ (3 mg/kg) or vehicle and treated with ANDRO (2 mg/kg, i.p.; three times per week). After four weeks, ANDRO attenuated the impairments of the Y maze and ORT performances, and the increase of astrocyte activation in the PFC induced by the ICV-STZ model. In addition, ANDRO decreased the number of activated microglia cells in the HIP of STZ-injected rats. The APP expression was not altered, neither by the STZ nor ANDRO. ANDRO showed a beneficial effect on memory impairment and neuroinflammation in the STZ model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo C Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Marcos K Andrade
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Evellyn M Azevedo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele C Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ellen L Bail
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria A B F Vital
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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14
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Mohibbullah M, Haque MN, Sohag AAM, Hossain MT, Zahan MS, Uddin MJ, Hannan MA, Moon IS, Choi JS. A Systematic Review on Marine Algae-Derived Fucoxanthin: An Update of Pharmacological Insights. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:279. [PMID: 35621930 PMCID: PMC9146768 DOI: 10.3390/md20050279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, belonging to the xanthophyll class of carotenoids, is a natural antioxidant pigment of marine algae, including brown macroalgae and diatoms. It represents 10% of the total carotenoids in nature. The plethora of scientific evidence supports the potential benefits of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical uses of fucoxanthin for boosting human health and disease management. Due to its unique chemical structure and action as a single compound with multi-targets of health effects, it has attracted mounting attention from the scientific community, resulting in an escalated number of scientific publications from January 2017 to February 2022. Fucoxanthin has remained the most popular option for anti-cancer and anti-tumor activity, followed by protection against inflammatory, oxidative stress-related, nervous system, obesity, hepatic, diabetic, kidney, cardiac, skin, respiratory and microbial diseases, in a variety of model systems. Despite much pharmacological evidence from in vitro and in vivo findings, fucoxanthin in clinical research is still not satisfactory, because only one clinical study on obesity management was reported in the last five years. Additionally, pharmacokinetics, safety, toxicity, functional stability, and clinical perspective of fucoxanthin are substantially addressed. Nevertheless, fucoxanthin and its derivatives are shown to be safe, non-toxic, and readily available upon administration. This review will provide pharmacological insights into fucoxanthin, underlying the diverse molecular mechanisms of health benefits. However, it requires more activity-oriented translational research in humans before it can be used as a multi-target drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mohibbullah
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
- Seafood Research Center, Silla University, #605, Advanced Seafood Processing Complex, Wonyang-ro, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49277, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Md. Nazmul Haque
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.N.H.); (I.S.M.)
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.A.M.S.); (M.T.H.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Md. Tahmeed Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.A.M.S.); (M.T.H.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Md. Sarwar Zahan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (M.S.Z.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Md. Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (M.S.Z.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.A.M.S.); (M.T.H.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.N.H.); (I.S.M.)
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Seafood Research Center, Silla University, #605, Advanced Seafood Processing Complex, Wonyang-ro, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49277, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
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15
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Ashok A, Andrabi SS, Mansoor S, Kuang Y, Kwon BK, Labhasetwar V. Antioxidant Therapy in Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Clinical Translation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020408. [PMID: 35204290 PMCID: PMC8869281 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are formed as a part of normal metabolic activities but are neutralized by the endogenous antioxidants present in cells/tissue, thus maintaining the redox balance. This redox balance is disrupted in certain neuropathophysiological conditions, causing oxidative stress, which is implicated in several progressive neurodegenerative diseases. Following neuronal injury, secondary injury progression is also caused by excessive production of free radicals. Highly reactive free radicals, mainly the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), damage the cell membrane, proteins, and DNA, which triggers a self-propagating inflammatory cascade of degenerative events. Dysfunctional mitochondria under oxidative stress conditions are considered a key mediator in progressive neurodegeneration. Exogenous delivery of antioxidants holds promise to alleviate oxidative stress to regain the redox balance. In this regard, natural and synthetic antioxidants have been evaluated. Despite promising results in preclinical studies, clinical translation of antioxidants as a therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases remains elusive. The issues could be their low bioavailability, instability, limited transport to the target tissue, and/or poor antioxidant capacity, requiring repeated and high dosing, which cannot be administered to humans because of dose-limiting toxicity. Our laboratory is investigating nanoparticle-mediated delivery of antioxidant enzymes to address some of the above issues. Apart from being endogenous, the main advantage of antioxidant enzymes is their catalytic mechanism of action; hence, they are significantly more effective at lower doses in detoxifying the deleterious effects of free radicals than nonenzymatic antioxidants. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of antioxidant therapy, challenges in their clinical translation, and the role nanoparticles/drug delivery systems could play in addressing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushruti Ashok
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Syed Suhail Andrabi
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Saffar Mansoor
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youzhi Kuang
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada;
| | - Vinod Labhasetwar
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence:
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