1
|
Mohammed MA, Elzefzafy N, El-Khadragy MF, Alzahrani A, Yehia HM, Kachlicki P. Comprehensive Tools of Alkaloid/Volatile Compounds-Metabolomics and DNA Profiles: Bioassay-Role-Guided Differentiation Process of Six Annona sp. Grown in Egypt as Anticancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:103. [PMID: 38256936 PMCID: PMC10821326 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Trees of the Annona species that grow in the tropics and subtropics contain compounds that are highly valuable for pharmacological research and medication development and have anticancer, antioxidant, and migratory properties. Metabolomics was used to functionally characterize natural products and to distinguish differences between varieties. Natural products are therefore bioactive-marked and highly respected in the field of drug innovation. Our study aimed to evaluate the interrelationships among six Annona species. By utilizing six Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) and six Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers for DNA fingerprinting, we discovered polymorphism percentages of 45.16 and 35.29%, respectively. The comparison of the profiles of 78 distinct volatile oil compounds in six Annona species was accomplished through the utilization of GC-MS-based plant metabolomics. Additionally, the differentiation process of 74 characterized alkaloid compound metabolomics was conducted through a structural analysis using HPLC-ESI-MSn and UPLC-HESI-MS/MS, and antiproliferative activities were assessed on five in vitro cell lines. High-throughput, low-sensitivity LC/MS-based metabolomics has facilitated comprehensive examinations of alterations in secondary metabolites through the utilization of bioassay-guided differentiation processes. This has been accomplished by employing twenty-four extracts derived from six distinct Annona species, which were subjected to in vitro evaluation. The primary objective of this evaluation was to investigate the IC50 profile as well as the antioxidant and migration activities. It should be noted, however, that these investigations were exclusively conducted utilizing the most potent extracts. These extracts were thoroughly examined on both the HepG2 and Caco cell lines to elucidate their potential anticancer effects. In vitro tests on cell cultures showed a significant concentration cytotoxic effect on all cell lines (HepG2, HCT, Caco, Mcf-7, and T47D) treated with six essential oil samples at the exposure time (48 h). Therefore, they showed remarkable antioxidant activity with simultaneous cytotoxic effects. In total, 50% and 80% of the A. muricata extract, the extract with the highest migratory activity, demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of migration. It was strong on highly metastatic Caco cells 48 h after treatment and scraping the Caco cell sheet, with the best reduction in the migration of HepG2 cells caused by the 50% A. reticulata extract. Also, the samples showing a significant IC50 value showed a significant effect in stopping metastasis and invasion of various cancer cell lines, making them an interesting topic for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. Mohammed
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drugs Industries Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Nahla Elzefzafy
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11976, Egypt;
| | - Manal F. El-Khadragy
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulhakeem Alzahrani
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.M.Y.)
| | - Hany Mohamed Yehia
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.M.Y.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Helwan 11611, Egypt
| | - Piotr Kachlicki
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodrigues MT, Michelli APP, Caso GF, de Oliveira PR, Rodrigues-Junior DM, Morale MG, Machado Júnior J, Bortoluci KR, Tamura RE, da Silva TRC, Raminelli C, Chau E, Godin B, Calil-Silveira J, Rubio IGS. Lysicamine Reduces Protein Kinase B (AKT) Activation and Promotes Necrosis in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1687. [PMID: 38139812 PMCID: PMC10748177 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive form of thyroid cancer (TC), accounting for 50% of total TC-related deaths. Although therapeutic approaches against TC have improved in recent years, the survival rate remains low, and severe adverse effects are commonly reported. However, unexplored alternatives based on natural compounds, such as lysicamine, an alkaloid found in plants with established cytotoxicity against breast and liver cancers, offer promise. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the antineoplastic effects of lysicamine in papillary TC (BCPAP) and ATC (HTH83 and KTC-2) cells. Lysicamine treatment reduced cell viability, motility, colony formation, and AKT activation while increasing the percentage of necrotic cells. The absence of caspase activity confirmed apoptosis-independent cell death. Necrostatin-1 (NEC-1)-mediated necrosome inhibition reduced lysicamine-induced necrosis in KTC-2, suggesting necroptosis induction via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent mechanism. Additionally, in silico analysis predicted lysicamine target proteins, particularly those related to MAPK and TGF-β signaling. Our study demonstrated lysicamine's potential as an antineoplastic compound in ATC cells with a proposed mechanism related to inhibiting AKT activation and inducing cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Teixeira Rodrigues
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.T.R.); (A.P.P.M.); (G.F.C.); (P.R.d.O.); (J.C.-S.)
- Structural and Functional Biology Post-Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
| | - Ana Paula Picaro Michelli
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.T.R.); (A.P.P.M.); (G.F.C.); (P.R.d.O.); (J.C.-S.)
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
| | - Gustavo Felisola Caso
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.T.R.); (A.P.P.M.); (G.F.C.); (P.R.d.O.); (J.C.-S.)
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
| | - Paloma Ramos de Oliveira
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.T.R.); (A.P.P.M.); (G.F.C.); (P.R.d.O.); (J.C.-S.)
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
| | - Dorival Mendes Rodrigues-Junior
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Mirian Galliote Morale
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
| | - Joel Machado Júnior
- Biological Science Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09920-000, Brazil;
| | - Karina Ramalho Bortoluci
- Pharmacology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
- Biological Science Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09920-000, Brazil;
- Biology–Chemistry Post-Graduate Program, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09920-000, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Reissa Cipriano da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09920-000, Brazil; (T.R.C.d.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Cristiano Raminelli
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09920-000, Brazil; (T.R.C.d.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Eric Chau
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Biana Godin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.C.); (B.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jamile Calil-Silveira
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.T.R.); (A.P.P.M.); (G.F.C.); (P.R.d.O.); (J.C.-S.)
- Health Board III, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Ileana G. Sanchez Rubio
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.T.R.); (A.P.P.M.); (G.F.C.); (P.R.d.O.); (J.C.-S.)
- Structural and Functional Biology Post-Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
- Biological Science Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09920-000, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng Y, Zheng Y, Xin X, Guo Q, Hao Y, Li C, Zhang Q. Study on chemical constituents and fingerprints of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300151. [PMID: 37449326 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemical constituents from Phellodendron amurense Rupr. were characterized systematically by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry method for collecting mass spectrometry data, and the fingerprints method was established, providing reference for its quality control. The chromatographic column was ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and the compounds from P. amurense Rupr. were identified by Qualitative Analysis 10.0 software, reference substance, retention time, mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern and database retrieval. Meanwhile, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry fingerprint methods of P. amurense Rupr. and Phellodendron chinense Schneid. were established by using the similarity evaluation system of chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2012 edition), and the differences were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis methods. A total of 105 compounds were identified, including 102 alkaloids, two phenolic acids, and one lactone compound. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry fingerprint method was established with ideal precision, stability and repeatability, and 12 quality differential markers were recognized between the above two herbs. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method can be used for qualitative analysis of the constituents of Phellodendron amurense Rupr., providing reference for clarifying the material basis and promoting the clinical precision medication and quality evaluation of P. amurense Rupr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Guo
- Hebei TCM Formula Preparation Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Ying Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei TCM Formula Preparation Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
13C NMR spectroscopic data of aporphine alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2023; 89:39-171. [PMID: 36731967 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study involves aporphine alkaloids identified through 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data. For the present publication, articles were selected from several databases on aporphine alkaloids from 1994 to 2021. In this class, more than 700 compounds have been registered, with 221 were included in this section, among which 122 were characterized for the first time in the investigated period. The study also addresses their biosynthetic pathways, classifying substances according to their structural characteristics based on established literature. Furthermore, pharmacological activities related to the aporphine alkaloids highlighted in this section are also presented, giving an overview of the various applications of these compounds.
Collapse
|
5
|
Aporphine and isoquinoline derivatives block glioblastoma cell stemness and enhance temozolomide cytotoxicity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21113. [PMID: 36477472 PMCID: PMC9729571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common primary malignant brain tumor with limited available therapeutic approaches. Despite improvements in therapeutic options for GBM patients, efforts to develop new successful strategies remain as major unmet medical needs. Based on the cytotoxic properties of aporphine compounds, we evaluated the biological effect of 12 compounds obtained through total synthesis of ( ±)-apomorphine hydrochloride (APO) against GBM cells. The compounds 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(1-methylene-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)ethenone (A5) and ( ±)-1-(10,11-dimethoxy-6a,7-dihydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinolin-6(5H)-yl)ethenone (C1) reduced the viability of GBM cells, with 50% inhibitory concentration ranging from 18 to 48 μM in patient-derived GBM cultures. Our data show that APO, A5 or C1 modulate the expression of DNA damage and apoptotic markers, impair 3D-gliomasphere growth and reduce the expression of stemness markers. Potential activity and protein targets of A5, C1 or APO were predicted in silico based on PASS and SEA software. Dopamine receptors (DRD1 and 5), CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and ABCB1, whose transcripts were differentially expressed in the GBM cells, were among the potential A5 or C1 target proteins. Docking analyses (HQSAR and 3D-QSAR) were performed to characterize possible interactions of ABCB1 and CYP2C9 with the compounds. Notably, A5 or C1 treatment, but not temozolomide (TMZ), reduced significantly the levels of extracellular ATP, suggesting ABCB1 negative regulation, which was correlated with stronger cytotoxicity induced by the combination of TMZ with A5 or C1 on GBM cells. Hence, our data reveal a potential therapeutic application of A5 and C1 as cytotoxic agents against GBM cells and predicted molecular networks that can be further exploited to characterize the pharmacological effects of these isoquinoline-containing substances.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tran LTT, Pham LHD, Dang NYT, Nguyen Le NT, Nguyen HB, Nguyen TK. Phytochemicals Derived from Goniothalamus elegans Ast Exhibit Anticancer Activity by Inhibiting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221138435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health burden and a leading cause of death worldwide, with numerous new molecules being studied and developed as therapeutic agents. In this study, the cytotoxicity of compounds derived from Goniothalamus elegans was evaluated for possible anticancer activity. It was observed that the crude methanol extract of G. elegans exerted the strongest cytotoxic activity against SW-480, AGS, and SK-LU-1 cell lines. In addition, two isolated alkaloids—namely, lysicamine and liriodenine—also showed strong inhibitory ability against similar cancer cell lines. To further investigate the compounds’ mechanism of action, a molecular docking approach was utilized to evaluate the potential of the two candidates to interact with the epidermal growth factor receptor. This assay estimated that lysicamine and liriodenine acquired protein binding affinities of −8.8 and −9.7 kcal/mol, respectively. Finally, the stabilities of the ligand–protein complexes were evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations of 100 ns each.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thuy Thi Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue city, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam
| | - Long-Hung Dinh Pham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhi Yen Thi Dang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue city, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thao Nguyen Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue city, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam
| | - Huu Bao Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue city, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam
| | - Tan Khanh Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Dong A University, Da Nang city, Vietnam
- Scientific Management Department, Dong A University, Da Nang City, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elizondo-Luévano JH, Gomez-Flores R, Verde-Star MJ, Tamez-Guerra P, Romo-Sáenz CI, Chávez-Montes A, Rodríguez-Garza NE, Quintanilla-Licea R. In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Methanol Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Mexico against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212862. [PMID: 36365315 PMCID: PMC9659118 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are traditionally used in Mexico to treat diseases such as cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-hemolytic activity of 15 plants of ethnopharmacological use in Mexico. For this, plant methanol extracts were prepared by the Soxhlet method, after which their cytotoxic activity was evaluated against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HEP-G2) and monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction colorimetric assay. The selectivity index (SI) of each extract was then determined by the IC50 ratio of normal to tumor cells. We showed that Ruta chalepensis extract possessed an IC50 of 1.79 µg/mL and 522.08 µg/mL against HEP-G2 and Vero cells, respectively, resulting in an SI of 291.50. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique, where the best antioxidant potential was shown by the Heterotheca inuloides extract (IC50 = 19.24 µg/mL). Furthermore, the hemolytic potential was determined against human erythrocytes, which showed that the extracts with the highest anti-hemolytic activity were Smilax aspera (IC50 = 4.41 µg/mL) and Amphipterygium adstringens (IC50 = 5.35 µg/mL). In conclusion, we observed that R. chalepensis methanol extract possesses cytotoxic activity against HEP-G2 cells, without affecting non-tumorigenic Vero cells. Our results indicated the antitumor potential of medicinal plants used in Mexico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel H. Elizondo-Luévano
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.G.-F.); (R.Q.-L.); Tel.: +52-81-8020-7449 (R.G.-F.); +52-81-8376-3668 (ext. 1476) (R.Q.-L.)
| | - María J. Verde-Star
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - César I. Romo-Sáenz
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Abelardo Chávez-Montes
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Nancy E. Rodríguez-Garza
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.G.-F.); (R.Q.-L.); Tel.: +52-81-8020-7449 (R.G.-F.); +52-81-8376-3668 (ext. 1476) (R.Q.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El Mahdi O, Ouakil A, Lachkar M. Non-volatile constituents from Monimiaceae, Siparunaceae and Atherospermataceae plant species and their bioactivities: An up-date covering 2000-2021. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113291. [PMID: 35787353 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Monimiaceae, Siparunaceae, and Atherospermataceae, formerly included in the broad ''old'' Monimiaceae family, have long been known for their uses in traditional medicine and have proven to be rich sources of chemically diverse specialized metabolites with numerous potent biological and therapeutical properties. The progress made recently has expanded their phytochemistry and pharmacology albeit to different extents. This review focuses on the non-volatile constituents isolated from the three plant families during the last two decades and their emerging therapeutic potential. Based on the data collected from multiple databases without statistical analysis, approximately 93 components, of which 35 undescribed compounds including γ-lactones, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and homogentisic acid derivatives, have been reported. Moreover, diverse biological activities of pure isolated compounds such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiviral, and antibacterial activities have been evidenced. Besides offering new important perspectives for different diseases' management, the chemical and biological diversities among the isolated compounds, open promising avenues of research and contribute to renewed interest in these families needing further studies. This review provides an updated overview of their potential as sources of leads for drug discovery, while also highlighting ongoing challenges and future research opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ouafâa El Mahdi
- Laboratory of Natural Ressources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, B.P. 1223, Taza Gare, Morocco.
| | - Abdelmoughite Ouakil
- Faculty of Sciences Dhar Lmehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Lachkar
- Faculty of Sciences Dhar Lmehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
da Silva Mesquita R, Kyrylchuk A, Cherednichenko A, Costa Sá IS, Macedo Bastos L, Moura Araújo da Silva F, Saraiva Nunomura RDC, Grafov A. In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Cholinesterase Inhibition by Alkaloids Obtained from Branches of Abuta panurensis Eichler. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103138. [PMID: 35630611 PMCID: PMC9144276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are natural products known as ethnobotanicals that have attracted increasing attention due to a wide range of their pharmacological properties. In this study, cholinesterase inhibitors were obtained from branches of Abuta panurensis Eichler (Menispermaceae), an endemic species from the Amazonian rainforest. Five alkaloids were isolated, and their structure was elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, HPLC-MS, and high-resolution MS: Lindoldhamine isomer m/z 569.2674 (1), stepharine m/z 298.1461 (2), palmatine m/z 352.1616 (3), 5-N-methylmaytenine m/z 420.2669 (4) and the N-trans-feruloyltyramine m/z 314.1404 (5). The compounds 1, 3, and 5 were isolated from A. panurensis for the first time. Interaction of the above-mentioned alkaloids with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes was investigated in silico by molecular docking and molecular dynamics. The molecules under investigation were able to bind effectively with the active sites of the AChE and BChE enzymes. The compounds 1–4 demonstrated in vitro an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase with IC50 values in the range of 19.55 µM to 61.24 µM. The data obtained in silico corroborate the results of AChE enzyme inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelly da Silva Mesquita
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
| | - Andrii Kyrylchuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences—NAS, 5 Murmanska Str., 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine;
- Chemspace LLC, Of. 1, 85 Chervonotkatska Str., 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Cherednichenko
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006 Riga, Latvia;
- Institute of High Technologies, T. Shevchenko National University, 4-g Prosp. Glushkova, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ingrity Suelen Costa Sá
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
| | - Lílian Macedo Bastos
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
| | - Felipe Moura Araújo da Silva
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Saraiva Nunomura
- Analytical Central—Multidisciplinary Support Center—CAM, Federal University of Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil; (R.d.S.M.); (I.S.C.S.); (L.M.B.); (F.M.A.d.S.); (R.d.C.S.N.)
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Andriy Grafov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2-94150-221
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mazumder K, Aktar A, Roy P, Biswas B, Hossain ME, Sarkar KK, Bachar SC, Ahmed F, Monjur-Al-Hossain ASM, Fukase K. A Review on Mechanistic Insight of Plant Derived Anticancer Bioactive Phytocompounds and Their Structure Activity Relationship. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27093036. [PMID: 35566385 PMCID: PMC9102595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disorder that rigorously affects the human population worldwide. There is a steady demand for new remedies to both treat and prevent this life-threatening sickness due to toxicities, drug resistance and therapeutic failures in current conventional therapies. Researchers around the world are drawing their attention towards compounds of natural origin. For decades, human beings have been using the flora of the world as a source of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Currently, clinically approved anticancer compounds are vincristine, vinblastine, taxanes, and podophyllotoxin, all of which come from natural sources. With the triumph of these compounds that have been developed into staple drug products for most cancer therapies, new technologies are now appearing to search for novel biomolecules with anticancer activities. Ellipticine, camptothecin, combretastatin, curcumin, homoharringtonine and others are plant derived bioactive phytocompounds with potential anticancer properties. Researchers have improved the field further through the use of advanced analytical chemistry and computational tools of analysis. The investigation of new strategies for administration such as nanotechnology may enable the development of the phytocompounds as drug products. These technologies have enhanced the anticancer potential of plant-derived drugs with the aim of site-directed drug delivery, enhanced bioavailability, and reduced toxicity. This review discusses mechanistic insights into anticancer compounds of natural origins and their structural activity relationships that make them targets for anticancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (P.R.); (B.B.); (M.E.H.); (K.K.S.)
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: or (K.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Asma Aktar
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (P.R.); (B.B.); (M.E.H.); (K.K.S.)
| | - Priyanka Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (P.R.); (B.B.); (M.E.H.); (K.K.S.)
| | - Biswajit Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (P.R.); (B.B.); (M.E.H.); (K.K.S.)
| | - Md. Emran Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (P.R.); (B.B.); (M.E.H.); (K.K.S.)
| | - Kishore Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (P.R.); (B.B.); (M.E.H.); (K.K.S.)
| | - Sitesh Chandra Bachar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (S.C.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Firoj Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (S.C.B.); (F.A.)
| | - A. S. M. Monjur-Al-Hossain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Correspondence: or (K.M.); (K.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tran LTT, Dang NYT, Nguyen Le NT, Nguyen HT, Ho DV, Do TT, Tran MH, Nguyen TK, Pham PTV. In Silico and in Vitro Evaluation of Alkaloids from Goniothalamus elegans Ast. for Breast Cancer Treatment. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221088110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. In this study, liriodenine and lysicamine from Goniothalamus elegans Ast. were investigated for their anti-breast cancer activity based on their molecular interactions with three proteins related to breast cancer. Liriodenine had predicted binding affinities for BRCA1, BRCA2, and estrogen receptor alpha of −6.2, −7.9, and −8.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Lysicamine had predicted binding affinities of −5.8, −7.2, and 7.6 kcal/mol. To evaluate the biological activity of liriodenine and lysicamine, we studied their in vitro cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells. These alkaloids showed significant inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 33.31 and 70.03 µM. These results suggest that Goniothalamus elegans could be a promising medical plant for breast cancer treatment. Further studies are needed to understand the molecular mechanisms and improve the toxicity of liriodenine and lysicamine for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thuy Thi Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam
| | - Nhi Yen Thi Dang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thao Nguyen Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam
| | - Hoai Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam
| | - Duc Viet Ho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam
| | - Thao Thi Do
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, , Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manh Hung Tran
- UDA-Institute of Applied Life Sciences (UDA-IALS), Dong A University, Da Nang city, Vietnam
- Scientific Management Department, Dong A University, Da Nang city, Vietnam
| | - Tan Khanh Nguyen
- UDA-Institute of Applied Life Sciences (UDA-IALS), Dong A University, Da Nang city, Vietnam
- Scientific Management Department, Dong A University, Da Nang city, Vietnam
| | - Phu Tran Vinh Pham
- Faculty of Medicine, Dong A University, Da Nang city, Vietnam
- UDA-Institute of Applied Life Sciences (UDA-IALS), Dong A University, Da Nang city, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Heravi MM, Abedian‐Dehaghani N, Zadsirjan V, Rangraz Y. Catalytic Function of Cu (I) and Cu (II) in Total Synthesis of Alkaloids. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Neda Abedian‐Dehaghani
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Yalda Rangraz
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ali G, Cuny GD. 8-, 9-, and 11-Aryloxy Dimeric Aporphines and Their Pharmacological Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:4521. [PMID: 34361671 PMCID: PMC8347945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aporphines, a major group of aporphinoid alkaloids, exhibit interesting and diverse pharmacological activities. A set of dimeric aporphines with an aryloxy group at C8, C9, and C11 have been isolated from six genera and shown to elicit various biological activities such as antitumor, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antiplatelet aggregation, antifibrotic, immunosuppressive, and vasorelaxant properties. In this review, the nomenclature, chemical structures, botanical sources, pharmacological activities, and synthetic approaches of this set of dimeric alkaloids are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
| | - Gregory D. Cuny
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ganamé HT, Karanga Y, Tapsoba I, Dicato M, Diederich MF, Cerella C, Sawadogo RW. Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Acacia macrostachya. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071353. [PMID: 34371557 PMCID: PMC8309326 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acacia macrostachya is used in Burkina Faso folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation and cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of this plant. The cytotoxic effects of root (dichloromethane B1 and methanol B2) and stem (dichloromethane B3 and methanol B4) bark extracts of A. macrostachya were assessed on chronic K562 and acute U937 myeloid leukemia cancer cells using trypan blue, Hoechst, and MitoTracker Red staining methods. The antioxidant content of extracts was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) methods. The root bark extracts B1 and B2 of A. macrostachya demonstrated higher cytotoxicity with IC50 values in a low µg/mL range on both U937 and K562 cells, while the stem bark B4 extract selectively affected U937 cells. Overall, healthy proliferating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pPBMCs) were not or barely impacted in the range of concentrations cytotoxic to cancer cells. In addition, A. macrostachya exhibited significant antioxidant content with 646.06 and 428.08 µg ET/mg of extract for the B4 and B2 extracts, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids/steroids. The results of this study highlight the interest of A. macrostachya extracts for the isolation of anticancer molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamidou Têeda Ganamé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (H.T.G.); (Y.K.); (I.T.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Yssouf Karanga
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (H.T.G.); (Y.K.); (I.T.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux et de l’Environnement (LCME), Université Norbert ZONGO, Avce Maurice Yameogo, Koudougou BP 376, Burkina Faso
| | - Issa Tapsoba
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (H.T.G.); (Y.K.); (I.T.)
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | | | - Claudia Cerella
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (R.W.S.); Tel.: +352-2468-4050 (C.C.); +226-70-24-57-96 (R.W.S.)
| | - Richard Wamtinga Sawadogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou 03 BP 7192, Burkina Faso
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (R.W.S.); Tel.: +352-2468-4050 (C.C.); +226-70-24-57-96 (R.W.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Phytochemicals Targeting JAK-STAT Pathways in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights from Animal Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092824. [PMID: 34068714 PMCID: PMC8126249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that consists of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Cytokines are thought to be key mediators of inflammation-mediated pathological processes of IBD. These cytokines play a crucial role through the Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. Several small molecules inhibiting JAK have been used in clinical trials, and one of them has been approved for IBD treatment. Many anti-inflammatory phytochemicals have been shown to have potential as new drugs for IBD treatment. This review describes the significance of the JAK–STAT pathway as a current therapeutic target for IBD and discusses the recent findings that phytochemicals can ameliorate disease symptoms by affecting the JAK–STAT pathway in vivo in IBD disease models. Thus, we suggest that phytochemicals modulating JAK–STAT pathways are potential candidates for developing new therapeutic drugs, alternative medicines, and nutraceutical agents for the treatment of IBD.
Collapse
|
16
|
Experimental and theoretical study on spectral features, reactivity, solvation, topoisomerase I inhibition and in vitro cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells of guadiscine and guadiscidine aporphine alkaloids. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Yu L, Han S, Lang L, Song H, Zhang C, Dong L, Jia S, Zhang Y, Xiao D, Liu J, Xu Y, Zhang X. Oxocrebanine: A Novel Dual Topoisomerase inhibitor, Suppressed the Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7 by Inducing DNA Damage and Mitotic Arrest. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:153504. [PMID: 33611211 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA topoisomerase (Topo) inhibition plays key role in breast cancer treatment. Stephania hainanensis H. S. Lo et Y. Tsoong (S. hainanensis), a Li nationality plant that has abundant aporphine alkaloids, can inhibit Topo. PURPOSE To identify a dual Topo inhibitor, a deep and systematic study of active aporphine alkaloids in S. hainanensis and their mechanisms of inhibiting breast cancer proliferation and Topo activity are essential. STUDY DESIGN This study aimed to assess the anti-breast cancer and Topo inhibitory activities of oxocrebanine and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The growth inhibitory activities of 12 compounds in S. hainanensis were screened by MTT assay in MCF-7, SGC-7901, HepG-2 cells, and compared with the effects on human normal mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells as non cancer control cells. The Topo inhibitory activity was assessed by DNA relaxation and unwinding assays, kDNA decatenation assay and western blot. Cell cycle and autophagy analyses were carried out with flow cytometry and staining. Acridine orange staining and α-tubulin morphology were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Western blot was used to examine microtubule assembly dynamics and the expression levels of key proteins associated with DNA damage, autophagy and mitotic arrest. RESULTS Oxocrebanine was the anti-breast cancer active alkaloid in S. hainanensis. It exhibited the best inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 16.66 μmol/l, and had only weak effect on the proliferation of MCF-10A cells. Oxocrebanine inhibited Topo I and II α in a cell-free system and in MCF-7 cells. The DNA unwinding assay suggested that oxocrebanine intercalated with DNA as a catalytic inhibitor. Oxocrebanine regulated the levels of Topo I and IIα and DNA damage-related proteins. Oxocrebanine led to the mitotic arrest, and these effects occurred through both p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways. Oxocrebanine induced autophagy, abnormal α-tubulin morphology and stimulated enhanced microtubule dynamics. CONCLUSION Oxocrebanine was the anti-breast cancer active aporphine alkaloid in S. hainanensis. Oxocrebanine was a Topo I/IIα dual inhibitor, catalytic inhibitor and DNA intercalator. Oxocrebanine caused DNA damage, autophagy, and mitotic arrest in MCF-7 cells. Oxocrebanine also disrupted tubulin polymerization. Accordingly, oxocrebanine held a great potential for development as a novel dual Topo inhibitor for effective breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Shuang Han
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Lang Lang
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Hui Song
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - CaiYun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 57199, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 57199, China
| | - ShaoHua Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Di Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China.
| | - XiaoPo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 57199, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
da Silva Mesquita R, Kyrylchuk A, Costa de Oliveira R, Costa Sá IS, Coutinho Borges Camargo G, Soares Pontes G, Moura Araújo da Silva F, Saraiva Nunomura RDC, Grafov A. Alkaloids of Abuta panurensis Eichler: In silico and in vitro study of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239364. [PMID: 32991579 PMCID: PMC7523975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products obtained from species of the genus Abuta (Menispermaceae) are known as ethnobotanicals that are attracting increasing attention due to a wide range of their pharmacological properties. In this study, the alkaloids stepharine and 5-N-methylmaytenine were first isolated from branches of Abuta panurensis Eichler, an endemic species from the Amazonian rainforest. Structure of the compounds was elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and MS and HRMS spectrometric techniques. Interaction of the above-mentioned alkaloids with acetylcholinesterase enzyme and interleukins IL-6 and IL-8 was investigated in silico by molecular docking. The molecules under investigation were able to bind effectively with the active sites of the AChE enzyme, IL-6, and IL-8 showing affinity towards the proteins. Along with the theoretical study, acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory activity of the compounds were assessed by in vitro assays. The data obtained in silico corroborate the results of AChE enzyme inhibition, the IC50 values of 61.24μM for stepharine and 19.55μM for 5-N-methylmaytenine were found. The compounds showed cytotoxic activity against two tumor cell lines (K562 and U937) with IC50 values ranging from 11.77 μM to 28.48 μM. The in vitro assays revealed that both alkaloids were non-toxic to Vero and human PBMC cells. As for the immunomodulatory activity, both compounds inhibited the production of IL-6 at similar levels. Stepharine inhibited considerably the production of IL-8 in comparison to 5-N-methylmaytenine, which showed a dose dependent action (inhibitory at the IC50 dose, and stimulatory at the twofold IC50 one). Such a behavior may possibly be explained by different binding modes of the alkaloids to the interleukin structural fragments. Occurrence of the polyamine alkaloid 5-N-methylmaytenine was reported for the first time for the Menispermaceae family, as well as the presence of stepharine in A. panurensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrii Kyrylchuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences (NAS), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Regiane Costa de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, University of the State of Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, University of the State of Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Moura Araújo da Silva
- Analytical Center –Multidisciplinary Support Center (CAM), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Andriy Grafov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Carnevale Neto F, Andréo MA, Raftery D, Lopes JLC, Lopes NP, Castro-Gamboa I, Lameiro de Noronha Sales Maia BH, Costa EV, Vessecchi R. Characterization of aporphine alkaloids by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 3:e8533. [PMID: 31330071 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Aporphine alkaloids represent a large group of isoquinoline natural products with important roles in biological and biomedical areas. Their characterization by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) can contribute to their rapid identification in complex biological matrices. METHODS We report the fragmentation of protonated 7,7-dimethylaporphine alkaloids by ESI-MS/MS, and the putative annotation of aporphine alkaloids in plant extracts. We used low- and high-resolution MS/MS analyses to rationalize the fragmentation pathways, and employed the B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) density functional theory (DFT) model to provide thermochemical parameters and to obtain the reactive sites. RESULTS DFT calculations of a set of 7,7-dimethylaporphine alkaloids suggested the heterocyclic amino group as the most basic site due to the proton affinity of the nitrogen atom. Collision-induced dissociation experiments promoted • OCH3 elimination instead of the expected neutral loss of the heterocyclic amino group, pointing to the [M - 15 + H]•+ ion as the diagnostic fragment for 7,7-dimethylaporphine alkaloids. The analysis of plant extracts led to the annotation of 25 aporphine alkaloids. Their fragmentation initiated with the loss of the amino group followed by formation of a cyclic carbocation. Further reactions derived from consecutive charge-remote and/or charge-induced fragmentations of the substituents attached to the aromatic system. The mechanisms were re-examined based on plausible gas-phase ion chemistry reactions. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the diagnostic product ions and the series of radical and neutral eliminations provided information about the location of methylenedioxy, aromatic methoxy, and vicinal methoxy and hydroxy groups in aporphine alkaloids, assisting their characterization via MS/MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Carnevale Neto
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE), Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Adriano Andréo
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972270, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - João Luis Callegari Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ian Castro-Gamboa
- Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE), Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Emmanoel Vilaça Costa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vessecchi
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Di Marco N, Pungitore C, Lucero‐Estrada C. Aporphinoid alkaloids inhibit biofilm formation of
Yersinia enterocolitica
isolated from sausages. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1029-1042. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N.I. Di Marco
- Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química‐Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTEQUI‐ CONICET) San Luis Argentina
- Química Orgánica Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia Universidad Nacional de San Luis San Luis Argentina
| | - C.R. Pungitore
- Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química‐Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTEQUI‐ CONICET) San Luis Argentina
- Química Orgánica Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia Universidad Nacional de San Luis San Luis Argentina
| | - C.S.M. Lucero‐Estrada
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis‐Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMIBIO‐SL‐CONICET) San Luis Argentina
- Microbiología General Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia Universidad Nacional de San Luis San Luis Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cavallaro V, Murray AP, Pungitore CR, Gutiérrez LJ. Aporphinoid Alkaloids Derivatives as Selective Cholinesterases Inhibitors: Biological Evaluation and Docking Study. Mol Inform 2020; 39:e1900125. [PMID: 32048433 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201900125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's dementia is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the elderly population and causes memory impairment and cognitive deficit. Manifestation of this disease is associated to acetylcholine decrease; thus, Cholinesterase inhibition is the main therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, a series of aporphinoid alkaloids were tested as potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors in vitro. Alkaloids liriodenine (3) and cassythicine (10) were the best inhibitors of both cholinesterases with IC50 values lower than 10 μM. In addition, these alkaloids demonstrated better inhibition of BChE than reference drug galantamine. In addition, some alkaloids showed selective inhibition. Laurotetatine clorhydrate (13) selectively inhibit AChE over BChE. On the contrary, pachyconfine (7) interacted more efficiently with BChE active site. Molecular modelling studies were performed in order to illustrate key interactions between most active compounds and the enzymes and to explain their selectivity. These studies reveal that the benzodioxole moiety exhibits strong interactions due to hydrogen bonds that form with the Glu201 (AChE) and Tyr440 (BChE) residues, which is reflected in the IC50 values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cavallaro
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Murray
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Carlos Rodolfo Pungitore
- INTEQUI-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Almirante Brown 907, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Lucas Joel Gutiérrez
- IMIBIO-SL CONICET, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, República de Argentina, San Luis, Argentina, Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Lall N, Chrysargyris A, Lambrechts I, Fibrich B, Blom Van Staden A, Twilley D, de Canha MN, Oosthuizen CB, Bodiba D, Tzortzakis N. Sideritis Perfoliata (Subsp. Perfoliata) Nutritive Value and Its Potential Medicinal Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110521. [PMID: 31671566 PMCID: PMC6912803 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sideritis perfoliata L. subsp. perfoliata is an endemic species of the Eastern Mediterranean region with several uses in traditional medicine. The present study aims to explore the unknown properties of S. perfoliata investigating the nutritional content as well as the antioxidant, anticancer, antituberculosis, antiwrinkle, anti-acne, hyper/hypo-pigmentation and antibacterial activities. Mineral content, nutritional value, the composition and antioxidant properties of the essential oil, the antityrosinase, the antibacterial activity and anti-elastase potential of the extract, were evaluated. The antiproliferative activity of S. perfoliata against cervical cancer (HeLa), human melanoma (UCT-Mel-1), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) was investigated. Cytotoxic effects on normal human keratinocyte (HaCat) and kidney epithelial (Vero) cell lines were also determined. Sideritis perfoliata exhibited high nutritional value of proteins and minerals (K, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu). The most abundant components of the essential oil were found to be α-pinene, β-phelladrene, valeranone, β-pinene and sabinene. The ethanolic extract of S. perfoliata displayed moderate antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity against Prevotella intermedia. Noteworthy elastase and moderate anticancer potential against the human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) was observed with IC50 values of 57.18 ± 3.22 μg/mL and 64.27 ± 2.04 μg/mL respectively. The noteworthy in vitro activity of S. perfoliata could be due to the presence of flavonoids and phenols in the leaves, having high nutritional value. Sideritis perfoliata could potentially be useful to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and for the treatment of liver cancer. The moderate antibacterial, antioxidant and elastase activity of the plant can be linked to the traditional use of S. perfoliata for the treatment of wounds and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India.
| | - Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus.
| | - Isa Lambrechts
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Bianca Fibrich
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | | | - Danielle Twilley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Marco Nuno de Canha
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | | | - Dikonketso Bodiba
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Assessment of the cytotoxic effects of aporphine prototypes on head and neck cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:70-78. [PMID: 31102120 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Among alkaloids, abundant secondary metabolites in plants, aporphines constitute a class of compounds with interesting biological activities, including anticancer effects. The present study evaluated the anticancer activities of 14 substances, including four aporphine derivatives acquired through the biomonitoring of (±)-apomorphine hydrochloride total synthesis from 2-phenethylamine and 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods The cytotoxic effects of compounds against a panel of HNSCC cell lines were determined by PrestoBlue cell viability assay, while the genotoxicity of substances was evaluated by micronucleus test. Cell death was detected by flow cytometry (Annexin V/7AAD) and western blot analysis was used to detect the presence of cleaved Caspase-3 molecules. Results The aporphine and isoquinoline derivatives APO, C1, and A5 significantly reduced HNSCC cell viability and promoted DNA damages in these cells. Further, by activating the Caspase-3 pathway, these substances were able to induce apoptosis. Conclusion Our results revealed that APO, C1, and A5 exhibit cytotoxic effects in HNSCC cells. The mechanisms of action appear to be partly via the generation of DNA damages and apoptosis induction through Caspase-3 pathway activation. This study provides preclinical data that suggest a potential therapeutic role for APO, C1, and A5 against head and neck cancer cells.
Collapse
|
25
|
Branches ADS, Costa RA, Junior ESA, Bezzera DP, Soares MB, Costa EV, Oliveira KM. Theoretical and experimental study by DFT, molecular docking calculations and cytotoxicity assay of 7,7-dimethylaporphine alkaloids type isolated from Guatteria friesiana (Annonaceae). J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
26
|
Hekal MH, Abu El‐Azm FSM, Sallam HA. Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and
In Vitro
Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Isoquinolinone‐based Heterocycles as Potential Antitumor Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Hekal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Fatma S. M. Abu El‐Azm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Sallam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dong JW, Li XJ, Cai L, Shi JY, Li YF, Yang C, Li ZJ. Simultaneous determination of alkaloids dicentrine and sinomenine in Stephania epigeae by 1H NMR spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:330-335. [PMID: 30114611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
28
|
Liu B, Yu JX, Li Y, Li JH, He DL. Copper-Catalyzed Annulation Cascades of Alkyne-Tethered α-Bromocarbonyls with Alkynes: An Access to Heteropolycycles. Org Lett 2018; 20:2129-2132. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jiang-Xi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - De-Liang He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vetrova EV, Kurbatov SV, Borisenko SN, Lekar AV, Khizrieva SS, Borisenko NI, Minkin VI. Synthesis of Phenanthrene Alkaloids from Herbal Aporphine Alkaloids in Subcritical Water Using Synthesis of Seco-Glaucine as an Example. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793117080140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
30
|
do Santos RC, de Souza AV, Andrade-Silva M, Vera Cruz KC, Leite Kassuya CA, Lima Cardoso CA, Vieira MDC, Nazari Formagio AS. Antioxidant, anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory investigation of extract and dicentrinone from Duguetia furfuracea (A. St.-Hil.) Benth. & Hook. f. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:9-16. [PMID: 28942134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The preparations of teas and syrups using Duguetia furfuracea have been used in folk medicine to treat rheumatism and back pain. Several rheumatic diseases are anti-inflammatory and are treated with several anti-inflammatories. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this work were to evaluate the chemical investigation of methanolic extract obtained from leaves of D. furfuracea (MEDF) and test the MEDF, such as chloroform (CF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and hydromethanol (HMF) fractions and the alkaloid dicentrinone (DF-1) in vitro antioxidant effects and in vivo models of inflammation. MATERIAL AND METHODS MEDF and CF were analyzed by LC-PDA and the results revealed the presence of alkaloid aporphine and oxoaporphine. The concentrations of total phenols, flavonoids and flavonols were determined. Additionally, MEDF, fractions and dicentrinone were evaluated free radical scavenging activity 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and peroxidation β-carotene/linoleic acid and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. The anti-inflammatory effects of MEDF, fractions and dicentrinone were studied in carrageenan-induced paw edema. The anti-rheumatic potential was studied in air pouch model and zymosan-induced arthritis. RESULTS CF fractionation resulted in the isolation of the oxaporphine alkaloid dicentrinone (DF-1). The highest phenols (624.37mg GAE/g extract), flavonoids (580.51mg QE/g extract) and flavonols (254.44mg QE/g extract), concentration was found in extract. In antioxidant tests, MEDF exhibited the highest scavenging activity and lipoperoxidation. The extract (30-300mg/kg) and all tested fractions inhibited the edema induced by carrageenan. The oral administration of DF-1 inhibited both edema associated with carrageenan-induced inflammation in mice. In air pouch model of inflammation, MEDF (30-300mg/kg) and DF-1 (100mg/kg) inhibited leukocyte migration and plasmatic leakage induced by carrageenan in mice. Finally, MEDF (100mg/kg) did not alter zymozan-induced arthritis in mice. CONCLUSION The results showed that D. furfuracea exhibits antioxidant, anti-rheumatic potential and anti-inflammatory activity. The presence of the alkaloid dicentrinone in extract and CF fraction could be responsible, at least in part, for the observed effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magaiver Andrade-Silva
- Faculty of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Maria do Carmo Vieira
- Faculty of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xylopine Induces Oxidative Stress and Causes G 2/M Phase Arrest, Triggering Caspase-Mediated Apoptosis by p53-Independent Pathway in HCT116 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7126872. [PMID: 29362667 PMCID: PMC5736936 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7126872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Xylopine is an aporphine alkaloid that has cytotoxic activity to cancer cells. In this study, the underlying mechanism of xylopine cytotoxicity was assessed in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. Xylopine displayed potent cytotoxicity in different cancer cell lines in monolayer cultures and in a 3D model of cancer multicellular spheroids formed from HCT116 cells. Typical morphology of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, increased internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and increased phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase-3 activation were observed in xylopine-treated HCT116 cells. Moreover, pretreatment with a caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK), but not with a p53 inhibitor (cyclic pifithrin-α), reduced xylopine-induced apoptosis, indicating induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis by the p53-independent pathway. Treatment with xylopine also caused an increase in the production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), including hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide, but not superoxide anion, and reduced glutathione levels were decreased in xylopine-treated HCT116 cells. Application of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reduced the ROS levels and xylopine-induced apoptosis, indicating activation of ROS-mediated apoptosis pathway. In conclusion, xylopine has potent cytotoxicity to different cancer cell lines and is able to induce oxidative stress and G2/M phase arrest, triggering caspase-mediated apoptosis by the p53-independent pathway in HCT116 cells.
Collapse
|
32
|
Adedapo AA, Fagbohun OA, Dawurung C, Oyagbemi AA, Omobowale TO, Yakubu MA. The aqueous tuber extract of Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) D.C. caused cytotoxic effect on HT 29 cell lines with down regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 16:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2016-0119/jcim-2016-0119.xml. [PMID: 29045235 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2016-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Pueraria tuberosa (Willd) D.C. (Fabaceae) tubers are already used in traditional medicine by Ayurvedic physicians for the management of fertility disorders, general weakness, and also as anti-ageing therapies. Other known pharmacological properties include: anti-hyperglycemics, hepatoprotective, anti-hyperlipidemic, diuretic, nutritive, and anti-fertility agents in male rats. Methods The anti-proliferative effect of the aqueous tuberous root extract of Pueraria tuberosa on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell lines (HT-29) was investigated using the Cell Titer 96 MTT Proliferation Assay where the viable cells were seeded at a density of 5 × 104 (100 µL/well). For VSMC, log concentrations of the extract at 200 and 800 µg/mL were added and incubated for 24 and 48 h time points. Incubation of the extract in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and ET-1 was also conducted at different times. Concentrations of the extract (200, 400 and 700 µg/mL) were also added and incubated with the HT 29 cell lines for 24, 48 and 72 h time points. The effect of the tuber aqueous extract of the plant on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression after 2 h was also carried out using immunoblotting technique. Results The result showed that after 24 h, the effect of the extract in the presence of the mitogens and on the VSMC was more of proliferation. However, at 48 h, the 200 µg/mL dose, both alone and in the presence of VEGF caused 11.1% and 25.9% decreases respectively, in cell proliferation. In the HT 29 cytotoxic study the 200 µg/mL concentration caused the greatest cytotoxic effect at 77.1% cell inhibition followed by 400 µg/mL concentration at 71.4% after 72 h. The immunoblotting assay showed a down regulation of NF-κB expressions with 0.7 µg/mL concentration showing the greatest effect. NF-κB, a pro-inflammatory agent is increasingly recognized as a crucial player in many steps of cancer initiation and progression. Conclusions It could therefore be concluded that the aqueous root extract of Pueraria tuberosa possesses cytotoxic effect and could serve as a lead compound for anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun A Fagbohun
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Christianah Dawurung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technolog, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77074, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tripathi SK, Xu T, Feng Q, Avula B, Shi X, Pan X, Mask MM, Baerson SR, Jacob MR, Ravu RR, Khan SI, Li XC, Khan IA, Clark AM, Agarwal AK. Two plant-derived aporphinoid alkaloids exert their antifungal activity by disrupting mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16578-16593. [PMID: 28821607 PMCID: PMC5633121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.781773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eupolauridine and liriodenine are plant-derived aporphinoid alkaloids that exhibit potent inhibitory activity against the opportunistic fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans However, the molecular mechanism of this antifungal activity is unknown. In this study, we show that eupolauridine 9591 (E9591), a synthetic analog of eupolauridine, and liriodenine methiodide (LMT), a methiodide salt of liriodenine, mediate their antifungal activities by disrupting mitochondrial iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster synthesis. Several lines of evidence supported this conclusion. First, both E9591 and LMT elicited a transcriptional response indicative of iron imbalance, causing the induction of genes that are required for iron uptake and for the maintenance of cellular iron homeostasis. Second, a genome-wide fitness profile analysis showed that yeast mutants with deletions in iron homeostasis-related genes were hypersensitive to E9591 and LMT. Third, treatment of wild-type yeast cells with E9591 or LMT generated cellular defects that mimicked deficiencies in mitochondrial Fe-S cluster synthesis including an increase in mitochondrial iron levels, a decrease in the activities of Fe-S cluster enzymes, a decrease in respiratory function, and an increase in oxidative stress. Collectively, our results demonstrate that E9591 and LMT perturb mitochondrial Fe-S cluster biosynthesis; thus, these two compounds target a cellular pathway that is distinct from the pathways commonly targeted by clinically used antifungal drugs. Therefore, the identification of this pathway as a target for antifungal compounds has potential applications in the development of new antifungal therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Xu
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
| | - Qin Feng
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
| | | | - Xiaomin Shi
- the Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Xuewen Pan
- the Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Melanie M Mask
- the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - Scott R Baerson
- the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677
| | | | | | - Shabana I Khan
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
- the Divisions of Pharmacognosy and
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
- the Divisions of Pharmacognosy and
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
- the Divisions of Pharmacognosy and
| | - Alice M Clark
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
- the Divisions of Pharmacognosy and
| | - Ameeta K Agarwal
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research,
- Pharmacology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Melzer BC, Bracher F. A novel approach to oxoisoaporphine alkaloids via regioselective metalation of alkoxy isoquinolines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1564-1571. [PMID: 28904605 PMCID: PMC5564254 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxoisoaporphine alkaloids are conveniently prepared via direct ring metalation of alkoxy-substituted isoquinolines at C-1, followed by reaction with iodine. Subsequent Suzuki cross-coupling of the resulting 1-iodoisoquinolines to methyl 2-(isoquinolin-1-yl)benzoates and intramolecular acylation of the corresponding carboxylic acids with Eaton's reagent afforded five alkaloids of the oxoisoaporphine type. The yield of the cyclization step strongly depends on the electrophilic properties of ring B. An alternative cyclization protocol via directed remote metalation of ester and amide intermediates was investigated thoroughly, but found to be not feasible. Two of the alkaloids showed strong cytotoxicity against the HL-60 tumor cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt C Melzer
- Department für Pharmazie - Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department für Pharmazie - Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kuete V, Fokou FW, Karaosmanoğlu O, Beng VP, Sivas H. Cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts of Elephantopus mollis, Kalanchoe crenata and 4 other Cameroonian medicinal plants towards human carcinoma cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:280. [PMID: 28545532 PMCID: PMC5445369 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer still constitutes one of the major health concerns globally, causing serious threats on patients, their families, and the healthcare system. METHODS In this study, the cytotoxicity of the methanol extract of Elephantopus mollis whole plant (EMW), Enantia chlorantha bark (ECB), Kalanchoe crenata leaves (KCL), Lophira alata bark (LAB), Millettia macrophylla leaves (MML) and Phragmanthera capitata leaves (PCL) towards five human solid cancer cell lines and normal CRL2120 fibroblasts, was evaluated. Extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical screening of their secondary metabolite contents using standard methods. The cytotoxicity of samples was evaluated using neutral red uptake (NR) assay meanwhile caspase activation was detected by caspase-Glo assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) whilst spectrophotometry was used to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of polyphenols, triterpenes and sterols in all extracts. The IC50 values of the best samples ranged from 3.29 μg/mL (towards DLD-1 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells) to 24.38 μg/mL (against small lung cancer A549 cells) for EMW, from 2.33 μg/mL (mesothelioma SPC212 cells) to 28.96 μg/mL (HepG2 hepatocarcinoma) for KCL, and from 0.04 μg/mL (towards SPC212 cells) to 0.55 μg/mL (towards A549 cells) for doxorubicin. EMW induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells mediated by MMP loss and increased ROS production whilst KCL induced apoptosis via ROS production. CONCLUSION This study provides evidences of the cytotoxicity of the tested plant extract and highlights the good activity of Elephantopus mollis and Kalanchoe crenata. They deserve more exploration to develop novel cytotoxic drugs.
Collapse
|
36
|
Rayanil KO, Prempree C, Nimgirawath S. The first total syntheses of (±)-norphoebine, dehydrophoebine, oxophoebine, dehydrocrebanine, oxocrebanine and uthongine and their cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2016; 18:1042-1056. [PMID: 27146697 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1177025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The first total syntheses of (±)-norphoebine, dehydrophoebine, oxophoebine, dehydrocrebanine, oxocrebanine and uthongine have been achieved. The crucial step involved the formation of ring C by a microwave-assisted direct biaryl coupling to produce the aporphine skeleton in high yields. The synthetic alkaloids were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines MCF7, KB and NCI-H187. The results showed that uthongine was the best candidate of the series and it exhibited cytotoxicity against a human breast cancer MCF7 line with an IC50 = 3.05 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanok-On Rayanil
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Silpakorn University , Nakorn Pathom , Thailand
| | - Cholthicha Prempree
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Silpakorn University , Nakorn Pathom , Thailand
| | - Surachai Nimgirawath
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Silpakorn University , Nakorn Pathom , Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
An improved water-soluble/stereospecific biotransformation of aporphine alkaloids in Stephania epigaea to 4 R -hydroxyaporphine alkaloids by Clonostachys rogersoniana. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
38
|
Marvibaigi M, Amini N, Supriyanto E, Abdul Majid FA, Kumar Jaganathan S, Jamil S, Hamzehalipour Almaki J, Nasiri R. Antioxidant Activity and ROS-Dependent Apoptotic Effect of Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser Methanol Extract in Human Breast Cancer Cell MDA-MB-231. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158942. [PMID: 27410459 PMCID: PMC4943642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser is one of the mistletoe species belonging to Loranthaceae family, which grows on the branches of many deciduous trees in tropical countries. This study evaluated the antioxidant activities of S. ferruginea extracts. The cytotoxic activity of the selected extracts, which showed potent antioxidant activities, and high phenolic and flavonoid contents, were investigated in human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and non-cancer human skin fibroblast cells (HSF-1184). The activities and characteristics varied depending on the different parts of S. ferruginea, solvent polarity, and concentrations of extracts. The stem methanol extract showed the highest amount of both phenolic (273.51 ± 4.84 mg gallic acid/g extract) and flavonoid contents (163.41 ± 4.62 mg catechin/g extract) and strong DPPH• radical scavenging (IC50 = 27.81 μg/mL) and metal chelation activity (IC50 = 80.20 μg/mL). The stem aqueous extract showed the highest ABTS•+ scavenging ability. The stem methanol and aqueous extracts exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 of 19.27 and 50.35 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the extracts inhibited the migration and colony formation of MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Morphological observations revealed hallmark properties of apoptosis in treated cells. The methanol extract induced an increase in ROS generation and mitochondrial depolarization in MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting its potent apoptotic activity. The present study demonstrated that the S. ferruginea methanol extract mediated MDA-MB-231 cell growth inhibition via induction of apoptosis which was confirmed by Western blot analysis. It may be a potential anticancer agent; however, its in vivo anticancer activity needs to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Marvibaigi
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Center, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Neda Amini
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Center, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Center, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Fadzilah Adibah Abdul Majid
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Saravana Kumar Jaganathan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Center, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Shajarahtunnur Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Javad Hamzehalipour Almaki
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Nasiri
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Costa EV, Pinheiro MLB, Maia BHLNS, Marques FA, Ruiz ALTG, Marchetti GM, Carvalho JED, Soares MBP, Costa COS, Galvão AFC, Lopes NP, Koolen HHF, Bezerra DP, Barison A. 7,7-Dimethylaporphine and Other Alkaloids from the Bark of Guatteria friesiana. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1524-1531. [PMID: 27300257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the bark of Guatteria friesiana afforded 12 new aporphines (1-12), along with nine known alkaloids (13-21). The structures of the new alkaloids were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds against a small panel of tumor cell lines was assessed using the Alamar blue assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanoel V Costa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas , Manaus 69077-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco A Marques
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia T G Ruiz
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center/CPQBA, University of Campinas , Paulínia 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Marchetti
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center/CPQBA, University of Campinas , Paulínia 13083-970, Brazil
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center/CPQBA, University of Campinas , Paulínia 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Milena B P Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/CPqGM-FIOCRUZ , Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
- Biotechnology and Cell Therapy Center, São Rafael Hospital , Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Cinara O S Costa
- Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/CPqGM-FIOCRUZ , Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F C Galvão
- Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/CPqGM-FIOCRUZ , Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Norberto P Lopes
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Hector H F Koolen
- DeMpSter Mass Spectrometry Group, Amazonas State University , Manaus 69050-010, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/CPqGM-FIOCRUZ , Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Andersson Barison
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba 81531-990, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Karker M, Falleh H, Msaada K, Smaoui A, Abdelly C, Legault J, Ksouri R. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of the medicinal halophyte Reaumuria vermiculata. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:297-307. [PMID: 27298615 PMCID: PMC4897625 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Reaumuria vermiculata is a xero-halophytic specie widely distributed in the south of Tunisia. In the current study, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of Reaumuria vermiculata shoot extracts as well as its phenolic compounds were investigated in different solvent extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water). Results showed a strong antioxidant activity, using the ORAC method and a cell based-assay, in methanol extract as well as an important phenolic composition (117.12 mg GAE/g). Hexane and dichloromethane proved an interesting anticancer activity against A-549 lung carcinoma cells, with IC50 values of 17 and 23 µg/ml, respectively. Besides, dichloromethane extract displayed the utmost anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting NO release over 100 % at 80 µg/ml in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7. Taken together, these finding suggest that R. vermiculata exhibited an interesting biological activities which may be related to the phenolic composition of this plant. Moreover, the identification of phenolic compounds in R. vermiculata dichloromethane extract using RP-HPLC revealed that myricetin was the major molecule. These results allow us to propose R. vermiculata as a valuable source for bioactive and natural compounds exhibiting interesting biological capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manel Karker
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology center of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Falleh
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology center of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Msaada
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology center of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Abderrazak Smaoui
- Extêmophiles Plants Laboratory, Biotechnology center of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Extêmophiles Plants Laboratory, Biotechnology center of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Jean Legault
- LASEVE Laboratory, Québec University in Chicoutimi, 555 University Boulevard, G7H 2B1Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology center of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Andreazza NL, Caramano de Lourenço C, Hernandez-Tasco ÁJ, Pinheiro MLB, Alves Stefanello MÉ, Vilaça Costa E, Salvador MJ. Antimicrobial photodynamic effect of extracts and oxoaporphine alkaloid isomoschatoline from Guatteria blepharophylla. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 160:154-62. [PMID: 27107335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy, a tumor therapy idealized at the beginning of the last century, emerges nowadays as a promising treatment alternative against infectious diseases. In this study we report a bioguided study of Guatteria blepharophylla phytoderivatives for antimicrobial PDT. Crude extracts and fraction from the species bark were obtained and further fractionated for substances isolation. All samples were evaluated in relation to their photophysical (absorbance and fluorescence) and photochemical properties (1,3-DPBF bleaching method). Then, bioassays were conducted using as biological models bacteria and yeast strains and a diode laser as a light source. Phytochemical analyses lead to the isolation of 5 isoquinoline alkaloids from oxoaporphine subclass, denominated GB1 to GB5. Photophysical and photochemical analysis showed that extracts, fraction and GB1 (isomoschatoline) presented absorption profile with bands at 600-700nm and were positive for singlet oxygen production. Photobiological assays indicate that these samples presented photodynamic antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial and some Candida ssp. yeast strains at sub-inhibitory concentrations. The susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria was significantly enhanced when CaCl2 or MgCl2 were employed. Greater energy doses and double sample's dosage also decreased microbial survival. It is suggested that GB1 photodynamic activity happens through both types I and II photochemical mechanisms, but with a predominance of the latter. Phytoderivatives of G. blepharophylla promoted antimicrobial effect, however more detailed study concerning chemical composition of the crude extracts and fractions as also photophysical and photochemical characteristics of GB1 are necessary to ensure their potential as photosensitizers at antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Luiza Andreazza
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, PPG BTPB and PPG BV, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Caramano de Lourenço
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, PPG BTPB and PPG BV, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Álvaro José Hernandez-Tasco
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, PPG BTPB and PPG BV, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia B Pinheiro
- Departamento de Quıímica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Mini-Campus, Avenida General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Coroado, 69077-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Emmanoel Vilaça Costa
- Departamento de Quıímica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Mini-Campus, Avenida General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Coroado, 69077-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Salvador
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, PPG BTPB and PPG BV, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kwan TK, Shipton F, Azman NSN, Hossan S, Jin KT, Wiart C. Cytotoxic Aporphines from Artabotrys Crassifolius. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artabotrys crassifolius Hook. f. & Thomson is a medicinal plant used in Malaysia. The cytotoxic effects of the hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts of the leaves and bark were examined in vitro against MCF-7, MDA-468 and HCT-116 cells. The chloroform extract of the bark inhibited the growth of all cell lines with GI50 values ranging from 4.2 μg/mL to 9.4 μg/mL. Silica gel column chromatography of this extract yielded artabotrine, liridine, atherospermidine and lysicamine. Artabotrine and lysicamine inhibited the growth of HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells with GI50 values ranging from 3.3 μM to 3.9 μM. These alkaloids were not toxic to human embryonic kidney cells (HEK297) up to a concentration of 50 μg/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tan Kok Kwan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fiona Shipton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Syafiqah Nor Azman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shahadat Hossan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khoo Ten Jin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Christophe Wiart
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ndi CP, Sykes MJ, Claudie DJ, McKinnon RA, Semple SJ, Simpson BS. Antiproliferative Aporphine Alkaloids from Litsea glutinosa and Ethnopharmacological Relevance to Kuuku I’yu Traditional Medicine. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Australian Aboriginal people have a long history of relying on plants for the treatment of various ailments and illnesses. Our ongoing collaborative research project initiated by Chuulangun Aboriginal Corporation (Cape York, Australia) has recently focussed on revealing whether Kuuku I’yu plant medicines possess anticancer-related activities and the chemistry responsible for this. Here, we present results from a study of the plant Litsea glutinosa, used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Four known aporphine alkaloids N-methylactinodaphnine (1), boldine (2), N-methyllaurotetanine (3), and isoboldine (4) were isolated by activity-guided fractionation and tested for cytotoxicity against HT29, SKMEL28, and primary human keratinocytes. Compound 1 was the most cytotoxic and this observation may be explained by the presence of a 1,2-methylenedioxy group. In silico docking revealed that a plausible mechanism for the observed cytotoxicity is the stabilization of a topoisomerase II (β) DNA–enzyme complex. The ethnopharmacological relevance of this study is discussed in the context of researching and using traditional knowledge in biomolecular discovery.
Collapse
|
45
|
A convenient formation of aporphine core via benzyne chemistry: conformational analysis and synthesis of (R)-aporphine. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
46
|
Rossini AFC, Muraca ACA, Casagrande GA, Raminelli C. Total Syntheses of Aporphine Alkaloids via Benzyne Chemistry: An Approach to the Formation of Aporphine Cores. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10033-40. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan F. C. Rossini
- Instituto
de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina A. Muraca
- Instituto
de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Gleison A. Casagrande
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Raminelli
- Instituto
de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ahmed Y, Yaakob Z, Akhtar P, Rahman M, Islam F. In vitro Antibacterial and in vivo Brine Shrimp Lethal Active Compounds Isolated from the Leaves of Saurauia roxburghii. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.821.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
48
|
Khunnawutmanotham N, Sahakitpichan P, Chimnoi N, Techasakul S. Divergent Total Syntheses to Azafluoranthene and Dehydroaporphine Alkaloids. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
49
|
Chen Y, Yan Q, Zhong M, Zhao Q, Liu J, Di D, Liu J. Study on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the isocorydine derivative (AICD) in rats by HPLC-DAD method. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:238-45. [PMID: 26579452 PMCID: PMC4629263 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and effective high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection method coupled with a liquid-liquid extraction pretreatment has been developed for determining the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of a novel structurally modified derivative (8-acetamino-isocorydine) of isocorydine. According to the in vivo experiments data calculations by DAS 2.0 software, a two-compartment metabolic model was suitable for describing the pharmacokinetic of 8-acetamino-isocorydine in rats. 8-Acetamino-isocorydine was absorbed well after oral administration, and the absolute bioavailability was 76.5%. The half-life of 8-acetamino-isocorydine after intravenous and oral administration was 2.2 h and 2.0 h, respectively. In vivo, 8-acetamino-isocorydine was highly distributed in the lungs, kidney and liver; however, relatively little entered the brain, suggesting that 8-acetamino-isocorydine could not easily pass through the blood brain barrier. Our work describes the first characterization of the pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution of 8-acetamino-isocorydine. The acquired data will provide useful information for the in vivo pharmacology of 8-acetamino-isocorydine, and can be applied to new drug research.
Collapse
Key Words
- 8-Acetamino-isocorydine
- AICD, 8-acetamino-isocorydine
- AUC, area under concentration-time curve
- Alkaloids
- F, absolute bioavailability
- HPLC-DAD, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection
- HPLC-UV, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection
- High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection
- ICD, isocorydine
- IS, internal standard
- LC-ESI-MS/MS, high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
- LLE, liquid-liquid extraction
- LLOQ, lower limit of quantification
- LOD, limit of detection
- Pharmacokinetics
- QC, quality control
- RE, relative error
- RP, reverse phase
- RSD, relative standard deviation
- SD, standard deviation.
- Tissue distribution
Collapse
|
50
|
African flora has the potential to fight multidrug resistance of cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:914813. [PMID: 25961047 PMCID: PMC4413252 DOI: 10.1155/2015/914813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Continuous efforts from scientists of diverse fields are necessary not only to better understand the mechanism by which multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells occur, but also to boost the discovery of new cytotoxic compounds to fight MDR phenotypes. Objectives. The present review reports on the contribution of African flora in the discovery of potential cytotoxic phytochemicals against MDR cancer cells. Methodology. Scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge were used to retrieve publications related to African plants, isolated compounds, and drug resistant cancer cells. The data were analyzed to highlight cytotoxicity and the modes of actions of extracts and compounds of the most prominent African plants. Also, thresholds and cutoff points for the cytotoxicity and modes of action of phytochemicals have been provided. Results. Most published data related to the antiproliferative potential of African medicinal plants were from Cameroon, Egypt, Nigeria, or Madagascar. The cytotoxicity of phenolic compounds isolated in African plants was generally much better documented than that of terpenoids and alkaloids. Conclusion. African flora represents an enormous resource for novel cytotoxic compounds. To unravel the full potential, efforts should be strengthened throughout the continent, to meet the challenge of a successful fight against MDR cancers.
Collapse
|