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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Xun X, Ma Y, Liu Y, Wang Q. Homologous Design and Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Acaricidal 2,4-Diphenyloxazolines Containing Different Heteroatoms and Alkyl Chains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13431-13438. [PMID: 38815265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In order to speculate the three-dimensional structure of the potential binding pocket of the chitin synthase inhibitor, a series of 2,4-diphenyloxazoline derivatives with different lengths of alkyl chains and heteroatoms were designed and synthesized by a homologous strategy. The bioassay results indicate that both the length of the alkyl chains and the type of substituents can affect the acaricidal activity against mite eggs. Compounds containing chloropropyl, alkoxyalkyl, and para-substituted phenoxyalkyl or phenylthioalkyl groups exhibit good activity, while those containing steric hindrance substituents or carbonyl substituents on the benzene ring exhibit reduced activity. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study showed that there may be a narrow hydrophobic region deep in the pocket, and the steric effect plays a more important role than the electrostatic effect. The current work will provide assistance for future molecular design and target binding research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiwei Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
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2
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Krishnan A, Kamaraj S. Direct Access to Quinone-Fused 5-Substituted-1,4-Benzodiazepine Scaffolds from Azidoquinones with/without [1,2]-Azide-Nitrogen Migration: Mechanistic Insights. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16315-16329. [PMID: 37966974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Seven-membered nitrogen heterocycles have a strong influence in drug discovery due to their inherent 3D character, which allows the ability to explore a vast conformational space with a biological target. Notably, the privileged 1,4-benzodiazepine scaffold is dominant in treating the central nervous system due to its binding affinity with the GABAA receptor. Herein, we report a protocol for the transformation of azidoquinones to p-quinone fused 5-substituted-1,4-benzodiazepines (p-QBZDs) from InCl3-catalyzed intermolecular tandem cycloannulation of azidoquinones with amines and aldehydes. Detailed mechanistic studies reveal that the EDA complex between azidoquinones and InCl3 is crucial in determining the reaction pathway. In the absence of EDA complex formation, the reaction proceeds via the intermediacy of 2,3-bridged-2H-azirine followed by regiospecific addition of an amine to C═N/ring opening/cyclization to deliver p-QBZD with 1,2-azide-nitrogen migration. In the case of EDA complex formation, the reaction proceeds through regioselective aza-Michael addition/nitrene insertion with aldehyde and subsequent cyclization to deliver p-QBZD and p-quinone fused imidazole as a secondary product without 1,2-azide-nitrogen migration. This protocol provides straightforward access to redox-active quinone embedded 5-substituted-1,4-benzodiazepines from azidoquinones with diverse substrate scopes that would find potential applications in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashokkumar Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sriraghavan Kamaraj
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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Zhang R, Yu T, Dong G. Rhodium catalyzed tunable amide homologation through a hook-and-slide strategy. Science 2023; 382:951-957. [PMID: 37995236 PMCID: PMC11102777 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of diverse homologs from lead compounds has been a common and important practice in medicinal chemistry. However, homologation of carboxylic acid derivatives, particularly amides, remains challenging. Here we report a hook-and-slide strategy for homologation of tertiary amides with tunable lengths of the inserted carbon chain. Alkylation at the α-position of the amide (hook) is followed by highly selective branched-to-linear isomerization (slide) to effect amide migration to the end of the newly introduced alkyl chain; thus, the choice of alkylation reagent sets the homologation length. The key step involves a carbon-carbon bond activation process by a carbene-coordinated rhodium complex with assistance from a removable directing group. The approach is demonstrated for introduction of chains as long as 16 carbons and is applicable to derivatized carboxylic acids in complex bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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4
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Malik M, Senatore R, Langer T, Holzer W, Pace V. Base-mediated homologative rearrangement of nitrogen-oxygen bonds of N-methyl- N-oxyamides. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10140-10146. [PMID: 37772102 PMCID: PMC10530184 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03216g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the well known reactivity of C(O)-N functionalities towards canonical C1-homologating agents (e.g. carbenoids, diazomethane, ylides), resulting in the extrusion of the N-centered fragment en route to carbonyl compounds, formal C1-insertions within N-O bonds still remain obscure. Herein, we document the homologative transformation of N-methyl-N-oxyamides - with high tolerance for diverse O-substituents - into N-acyl-N,O-acetals. Under controlled basic conditions, the N-methyl group of the same starting materials acts as a competent precursor of the methylene synthon required for the homologation. The logic is levered on the formation of an electrophilic iminium ion (via N-O heterolysis) susceptible to nucleophilic attack by the alkoxide previously expulsed. The procedure documents genuine chemocontrol and flexibility, as judged by the diversity of substituents placed on both amide and nitrogen linchpins. The mechanistic rationale was validated through experiments conducted on D-labeled materials which unambiguously attributed the origin of the methylene fragment to the N-methyl group of the starting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin Via Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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Pinheiro PDSM, Franco LS, Fraga CAM. The Magic Methyl and Its Tricks in Drug Discovery and Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1157. [PMID: 37631072 PMCID: PMC10457765 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key scientific aspects of small-molecule drug discovery and development is the analysis of the relationship between its chemical structure and biological activity. Understanding the effects that lead to significant changes in biological activity is of paramount importance for the rational design and optimization of bioactive molecules. The "methylation effect", or the "magic methyl" effect, is a factor that stands out due to the number of examples that demonstrate profound changes in either pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic properties. In many cases, this has been carried out rationally, but in others it has been the product of serendipitous observations. This paper summarizes recent examples that provide an overview of the current state of the art and contribute to a better understanding of the methylation effect in bioactive small-molecule drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro de Sena Murteira Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (P.d.S.M.P.); (L.S.F.)
| | - Lucas Silva Franco
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (P.d.S.M.P.); (L.S.F.)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Manssour Fraga
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (P.d.S.M.P.); (L.S.F.)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
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Medeiros Silva RN, Nóbrega da Rocha MA, Silva EP, Moura-Mendes J, Ribeiro-Filho J, de Sousa GR, de Souza-Ferrari J, Barbosa-Filho JM, de Oliveira Pereira F. In vitro and ex vivo antibiofilm activity of riparin 1, and its nor and dinor homologs, against dermatophytes. Mycologia 2023; 115:206-215. [PMID: 36848618 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2170209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is one of the most frequent superficial mycoses in the world. They are mainly caused by the dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis. Biofilm production is an essential factor in the pathogenesis of dermatophytes; it confers drug resistance and significantly impairs antifungal effectiveness. Therefore, we evaluated the antibiofilm activity of an alkamide-type alkaloid called riparin 1 (RIP1) against clinically relevant dermatophytes. We also produced synthetic nor (NOR1) and dinor (DINOR1) homologs for pharmacological evaluation, with a 61-70% yield. We used in vitro (96-well polystyrene plates) and ex vivo (hair fragments) models to verify the effects of these compounds on the formation and viability of biofilms. RIP1 and NOR1 showed antifungal activity against strains of T. rubrum and M. canis, but DINOR1 showed no significant antifungal activity against the dermatophytes. Furthermore, RIP1 and NOR1 significantly reduced the viability of biofilms in vitro and ex vivo (P < 0.05). RIP1 was more potent than NOR1, possibly due to the distance between the p-methoxyphenyl and the phenylamide moieties in these compounds. Due to the significant antifungal and antibiofilm activities observed for RIP1 and NOR1, we suggest that they could be useful in the treatment of dermatophytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risley Nikael Medeiros Silva
- Fungi Research Group, Biochemistry Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Antônio Nóbrega da Rocha
- Fungi Research Group, Biochemistry Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Pereira Silva
- Fungi Research Group, Biochemistry Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Juliana Moura-Mendes
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - Gabriela Ribeiro de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - José Maria Barbosa-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Fillipe de Oliveira Pereira
- Fungi Research Group, Biochemistry Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
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Design, Synthesis and Phenotypic Profiling of Simplified Gedatolisib Analogues. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted antitumour therapy has revolutionized the treatment of several types of tumours. Among the validated targets, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) deserves to be highlighted. Several PI3K inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of cancer, including gedatolisib (4). This inhibitor was elected as a prototype and molecular modifications were planned to design a new series of simplified gedatolisib analogues (5a-f). The analogues were synthesised, and the comparative cytotoxic activity profile was studied in phenotypic models employing solid and nonadherent tumour cell lines. Compound 5f (LASSBio-2252) stood out as the most promising of the series, showing good aqueous solubility (42.38 μM (pH = 7.4); 39.33 μM (pH = 5.8)), good partition coefficient (cLogP = 2.96), cytotoxic activity on human leukemia cell lines (CCRF-CEM, K562 and MOLT-4) and an excellent metabolic stability profile in rat liver microsomes (t1/2 = 462 min; Clapp = 0.058 mL/min/g). The ability of 5f to exert its cytotoxic effect through modulation of the PI3K pathway was demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis in a comparative manner to gedatolisib.
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8
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Lai A, Schaub J, Steinbeck C, Schymanski EL. An algorithm to classify homologous series within compound datasets. J Cheminform 2022; 14:85. [PMID: 36510332 PMCID: PMC9746203 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-022-00663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous series are groups of related compounds that share the same core structure attached to a motif that repeats to different degrees. Compounds forming homologous series are of interest in multiple domains, including natural products, environmental chemistry, and drug design. However, many homologous compounds remain unannotated as such in compound datasets, which poses obstacles to understanding chemical diversity and their analytical identification via database matching. To overcome these challenges, an algorithm to detect homologous series within compound datasets was developed and implemented using the RDKit. The algorithm takes a list of molecules as SMILES strings and a monomer (i.e., repeating unit) encoded as SMARTS as its main inputs. In an iterative process, substructure matching of repeating units, molecule fragmentation, and core detection lead to homologous series classification through grouping of identical cores. Three open compound datasets from environmental chemistry (NORMAN Suspect List Exchange, NORMAN-SLE), exposomics (PubChemLite for Exposomics), and natural products (the COlleCtion of Open NatUral producTs, COCONUT) were subject to homologous series classification using the algorithm. Over 2000, 12,000, and 5000 series with CH2 repeating units were classified in the NORMAN-SLE, PubChemLite, and COCONUT respectively. Validation of classified series was performed using published homologous series and structure categories, including a comparison with a similar existing method for categorising PFAS compounds. The OngLai algorithm and its implementation for classifying homologues are openly available at: https://github.com/adelenelai/onglai-classify-homologues .
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelene Lai
- grid.16008.3f0000 0001 2295 9843Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg ,grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessing Strasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonas Schaub
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessing Strasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Steinbeck
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessing Strasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Emma L. Schymanski
- grid.16008.3f0000 0001 2295 9843Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Barbosa G, Gelves LGV, Costa CMX, Franco LS, de Lima JAL, Aparecida-Silva C, Teixeira JD, Mermelstein CDS, Barreiro EJ, Lima LM. Discovery of Putative Dual Inhibitor of Tubulin and EGFR by Phenotypic Approach on LASSBio-1586 Homologs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080913. [PMID: 35893736 PMCID: PMC9394307 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4, 1) is an antimicrotubule agent used as a prototype for the design of several synthetic analogues with anti-tubulin activity, such as LASSBio-1586 (2). A series of branched and unbranched homologs of the lead-compound 2, and vinyl, ethinyl and benzyl analogues, were designed and synthesized. A comparison between the cytotoxic effect of these homologs and 2 on different human tumor cell lines was performed from a cell viability study using MTT with 48 h and 72 h incubations. In general, the compounds were less potent than CA-4, showing CC50 values ranging from 0.030 μM to 7.53 μM (MTT at 72 h) and 0.096 μM to 8.768 μM (MTT at 48 h). The antimitotic effect of the target compounds was demonstrated by cell cycle analysis through flow cytometry, and the cellular mechanism of cytotoxicity was determined by immunofluorescence. While the benzyl homolog 10 (LASSBio-2070) was shown to be a microtubule stabilizer, the lead-compound 2 (LASSBio-1586) and the methylated homolog 3 (LASSBio-1735) had microtubule destabilizing behavior. Molecular docking studies were performed on tubulin protein to investigate their binding mode on colchicine and taxane domain. Surprisingly, the benzyl homolog 10 was able to modulate EGFR phosphorylate activity in a phenotypic model. These data suggest LASSBio-2070 (10) as a putative dual inhibitor of tubulin and EGFR. Its binding mode with EGFR was determined by molecular docking and may be useful in lead-optimization initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Barbosa
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (G.B.); (L.G.V.G.); (C.M.X.C.); (L.S.F.); (J.A.L.d.L.); (C.A.-S.); (E.J.B.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis Gabriel Valdivieso Gelves
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (G.B.); (L.G.V.G.); (C.M.X.C.); (L.S.F.); (J.A.L.d.L.); (C.A.-S.); (E.J.B.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Marques Xavier Costa
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (G.B.); (L.G.V.G.); (C.M.X.C.); (L.S.F.); (J.A.L.d.L.); (C.A.-S.); (E.J.B.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva Franco
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (G.B.); (L.G.V.G.); (C.M.X.C.); (L.S.F.); (J.A.L.d.L.); (C.A.-S.); (E.J.B.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Alberto Lins de Lima
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (G.B.); (L.G.V.G.); (C.M.X.C.); (L.S.F.); (J.A.L.d.L.); (C.A.-S.); (E.J.B.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aparecida-Silva
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (G.B.); (L.G.V.G.); (C.M.X.C.); (L.S.F.); (J.A.L.d.L.); (C.A.-S.); (E.J.B.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - John Douglas Teixeira
- Laboratório de Diferenciação Muscular e Citoesqueleto, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (J.D.T.); (C.d.S.M.)
| | - Claudia dos Santos Mermelstein
- Laboratório de Diferenciação Muscular e Citoesqueleto, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (J.D.T.); (C.d.S.M.)
| | - Eliezer J. Barreiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (G.B.); (L.G.V.G.); (C.M.X.C.); (L.S.F.); (J.A.L.d.L.); (C.A.-S.); (E.J.B.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lidia Moreira Lima
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (G.B.); (L.G.V.G.); (C.M.X.C.); (L.S.F.); (J.A.L.d.L.); (C.A.-S.); (E.J.B.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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10
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de Souza HMR, Guedes JS, Freitas RHCN, Gelves LGV, Fokoue HH, Sant’Anna CMR, Barreiro EJ, Lima LM. Comparative chemical and biological hydrolytic stability of homologous esters and isosteres. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:718-727. [PMID: 35156494 PMCID: PMC8856110 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2027933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hygor M. R. de Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Jéssica S. Guedes
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Rosana H. C. N. Freitas
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Luis G. V. Gelves
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Harold H. Fokoue
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos – Farmanguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Carlos Mauricio R. Sant’Anna
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Brasil
| | - Eliezer J. Barreiro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Lidia M. Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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11
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da Silva ET, da Silva Santos L, de Andrade GF, Rosa EJR, de Souza MVN. Camphor nitroimine: a key building block in unusual transformations and its applications in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Mol Divers 2022; 26:3463-3483. [PMID: 34982358 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of new drugs requires a lot of time and high financial investments. It involves a research network in which there is the participation of several researchers from different areas. For a new drug to reach the market, thousands of substances must be evaluated. There are several tools for this and the use of suitable building blocks can facilitate the process by allowing a lead compound to have suitable parameters. These compounds are key structures containing special functional groups that also permit adequate synthetic transformations, leading to several structures of interest in a short period of time. In this review, the use of camphor nitroimine as a potential key building block is explored. Derived from camphor, an abundant natural product present in various plant species, this nitroimine has proved to be quite versatile, allowing the access to substances with miscellaneous biological activities, ligands to asymmetric catalysis, asymmetric oxidants, O-N transfer agents and other applications. Its easy conversion to camphecene and other derivatives is described, as well as their applications in medicinal chemistry. Druglikeness analyses were performed on these studied agents as well as on their bioactive derivatives in order to assess their use in the development of potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Teixeira da Silva
- Laboratório de Síntese de Substâncias contra Doenças Tropicais-SSCDT, Departamento de Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano da Silva Santos
- Laboratório de Síntese de Substâncias contra Doenças Tropicais-SSCDT, Departamento de Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Acadêmico Translacional Em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Fernandes de Andrade
- Laboratório de Síntese de Substâncias contra Doenças Tropicais-SSCDT, Departamento de Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emerson Joaquim Rodrigues Rosa
- Laboratório de Síntese de Substâncias contra Doenças Tropicais-SSCDT, Departamento de Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Nora de Souza
- Laboratório de Síntese de Substâncias contra Doenças Tropicais-SSCDT, Departamento de Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação Acadêmico Translacional Em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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12
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Soor HS, Diaz DB, Tsui KY, Calvopiña K, Bielinski M, Tantillo DJ, Schofield CJ, Yudin AK. Synthesis and Application of Constrained Amidoboronic Acids Using Amphoteric Boron-Containing Building Blocks. J Org Chem 2021; 87:94-102. [PMID: 34898194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amidoboronic acid-containing peptidomimetics are an important class of scaffolds in chemistry and drug discovery. Despite increasing interest in boron-based enzyme inhibitors, constrained amidoboronic acids have received little attention due to the limited options available for their synthesis. We describe a new methodology to prepare both α- and β-amidoboronic acids that impose restrictions on backbone angles. Lewis acid-promoted Boyer-Schmidt-Aube lactam ring expansions using an azidoalkylboronate enabled generation of constrained α-amidoboronic acid derivatives, whereas assembly of the homologous β-amidoboronic acids was achieved through a novel boronic acid-mediated lactamization process stemming from an α-boryl aldehyde. The results of quantum chemical calculations suggest carboxylate-boron coordination to be rate-limiting for small ring sizes, whereas the tetrahedral intermediate formation is rate limiting in the case of larger rings. As part of this study, an application of β-amidoboronic acid derivatives as novel VIM-2 metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjeet S Soor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Diego B Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ka Yi Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Karina Calvopiña
- Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Marcin Bielinski
- Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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13
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Hell SM, Meyer CF, Ortalli S, Sap JBI, Chen X, Gouverneur V. Hydrofluoromethylation of alkenes with fluoroiodomethane and beyond. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12149-12155. [PMID: 34667580 PMCID: PMC8457377 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A process for the direct hydrofluoromethylation of alkenes is reported for the first time. This straighforward silyl radical-mediated reaction utilises CH2FI as a non-ozone depleting reagent, traditionally used in electrophilic, nucleophilic and carbene-type chemistry, but not as a CH2F radical source. By circumventing the challenges associated with the high reduction potential of CH2FI being closer to CH3I than CF3I, and harnessing instead the favourable bond dissociation energy of the C–I bond, we demonstrate that feedstock electron-deficient alkenes are converted into products resulting from net hydrofluoromethylation with the intervention of (Me3Si)3SiH under blue LED activation. This deceptively simple yet powerful methodology was extended to a range of (halo)methyl radical precursors including ICH2I, ICH2Br, ICH2Cl, and CHBr2F, as well as CH3I itself; this latter reagent therefore enables direct hydromethylation. This versatile chemistry was applied to 18F-, 13C-, and D-labelled reagents as well as complex biologically relevant alkenes, providing facile access to more than fifty products for applications in medicinal chemistry and positron emission tomography. Herein, we report the direct hydro(halo)methylation of alkenes from a variety of (halo)methyl iodides (including F-18, C-13, D-2 isotopologues), enabling the incorporation of a plethora of C-1 fragments into complex biologically active molecules.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine M Hell
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Claudio F Meyer
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Sebastiano Ortalli
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jeroen B I Sap
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Xuanxiao Chen
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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14
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Lima LM, da Silva TF, da Silva Monteiro CE, Aparecida-Silva C, Bispo Júnior W, de Queiroz AC, Alexandre-Moreira MS, Zapata-Sudo G, Barreiro EJ. Design and Synthesis In Silico Drug-like Prediction and Pharmacological Evaluation of Cyclopolymethylenic Homologous of LASSBio-1514. Molecules 2021; 26:4828. [PMID: 34443416 PMCID: PMC8399892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylhydrazones are still an important framework to the design of new bioactive compounds. As treatment of chronic pain represents a clinical challenge, we decided to modify the structure of LASSBio-1514 (1), previously described as anti-inflammatory and analgesic prototype. Applying the homologation as a strategy for molecular modification, we designed a series of cyclopentyl- (2a-e), cyclobutyl- (3a-e), and cyclopropylacylhydrazones (4a-e) that were synthetized and evaluated in murine models of inflammation and pain. A comparison of their in silico physicochemical and drug-like profile was conducted, as well as their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Compounds 4a (LASSBio-1755) and 4e (LASSBio-1757) displayed excellent in silico drug-like profiles and were identified as new analgesic lead-candidates in acute and chronic model of pain, through oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Moreira Lima
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil; (T.F.d.S.); (C.A.-S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (C.E.d.S.M.); (G.Z.-S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fernandes da Silva
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil; (T.F.d.S.); (C.A.-S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (C.E.d.S.M.); (G.Z.-S.)
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aparecida-Silva
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil; (T.F.d.S.); (C.A.-S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (C.E.d.S.M.); (G.Z.-S.)
| | - Walfrido Bispo Júnior
- LaFI—Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; (W.B.J.); (A.C.d.Q.); (M.S.A.-M.)
| | - Aline Cavalcanti de Queiroz
- LaFI—Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; (W.B.J.); (A.C.d.Q.); (M.S.A.-M.)
| | - Magna Suzana Alexandre-Moreira
- LaFI—Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; (W.B.J.); (A.C.d.Q.); (M.S.A.-M.)
| | - Gisele Zapata-Sudo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (C.E.d.S.M.); (G.Z.-S.)
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliezer J. Barreiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil; (T.F.d.S.); (C.A.-S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (C.E.d.S.M.); (G.Z.-S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
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15
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Pennington LD, Muegge I. Holistic drug design for multiparameter optimization in modern small molecule drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:128003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Ielo L, Pillari V, Miele M, Holzer W, Pace V. Consecutive C1‐Homologation / Displacement Strategy for Converting Thiosulfonates into
O,S‐
Oxothioacetals. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Veronica Pillari
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Margherita Miele
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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17
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Manssour Fraga CA. Strategies and Tactics in Medicinal Chemistry. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1677-1678. [DOI: 10.2174/156802661919191021122941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Manssour Fraga
- Full Professor of Medicinal Chemistry at LASSBio Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, 21941902, Brazil
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