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Ribeiro HG, Galdino OA, de Souza KSC, Rosa Neta AP, Lin-Wang HT, Cunha-Neto E, de Rezende AA, Silbiger VN. Unraveling the role of miRNAs as biomarkers in Chagas cardiomyopathy: Insights into molecular pathophysiology. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011865. [PMID: 38300899 PMCID: PMC10833550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas cardiomyopathy (ChCM) is a severe form of Chagas disease and a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The dysregulation of the immune response leads to cardiac remodeling and functional disruptions, resulting in life-threatening complications. Conventional diagnostic methods have limitations, and therapeutic response evaluation is challenging. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), important regulators of gene expression, show potential as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. AIM This review aims to summarize experimental findings on miRNA expression in ChCM and explore the potential of these miRNAs as biomarkers of Chagas disease. METHODS The search was conducted in the US National Library of Medicine MEDLINE/PubMed public database using the terms "Chagas cardiomyopathy" OR "Chagas disease" AND "microRNA" OR "miRNA" OR "miR." Additionally, bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate miRNA-target interactions and explore enrichment pathways of gene ontology biological processes and molecular functions. RESULTS The miR-21, miR-146b, miR-146a, and miR-155 consistently exhibited up-regulation, whereas miR-145 was down-regulated in ChCM. These specific miRNAs have been linked to fibrosis, immune response, and inflammatory processes in heart tissue. Moreover, the findings from various studies indicate that these miRNAs have the potential as biomarkers for the disease and could be targeted in therapeutic strategies for ChCM. CONCLUSION In this review, we point out miR-21, miR-146b, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-145-5p role in the complex mechanisms of ChCM. These miRNAs have been shown as potential biomarkers for precise diagnosis, reliable prognostic evaluation, and effective treatment strategies in the ChCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heriks Gomes Ribeiro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ony Araújo Galdino
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Antonia Pereira Rosa Neta
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Hui Tzu Lin-Wang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Vivian Nogueira Silbiger
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Nappi F, Avtaar Singh SS, Jitendra V, Alzamil A, Schoell T. The Roles of microRNAs in the Cardiovascular System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14277. [PMID: 37762578 PMCID: PMC10531750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of miRNAs and their role in disease represent a significant breakthrough that has stimulated and propelled research on miRNAs as targets for diagnosis and therapy. Cardiovascular disease is an area where the restrictions of early diagnosis and conventional pharmacotherapy are evident and deserve attention. Therefore, miRNA-based drugs have significant potential for development. Research and its application can make considerable progress, as seen in preclinical and clinical trials. The use of miRNAs is still experimental but has a promising role in diagnosing and predicting a variety of acute coronary syndrome presentations. Its use, either alone or in combination with currently available biomarkers, might be adopted soon, particularly if there is diagnostic ambiguity. In this review, we examine the current understanding of miRNAs as possible targets for diagnosis and treatment in the cardiovascular system. We report on recent advances in recognising and characterising miRNAs with a focus on clinical translation. The latest challenges and perspectives towards clinical application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France; (A.A.); (T.S.)
| | | | - Vikram Jitendra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK;
| | - Almothana Alzamil
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France; (A.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Thibaut Schoell
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France; (A.A.); (T.S.)
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Chimenti C, Magnocavallo M, Vetta G, Alfarano M, Manguso G, Ajmone F, Ballatore F, Costantino J, Ciaramella P, Severino P, Miraldi F, Lavalle C, Vizza CD. The Role of MicroRNA in the Myocarditis: a Small Actor for a Great Role. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11886-023-01888-5. [PMID: 37269474 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium secondary to a variety of agents such as infectious pathogens, toxins, drugs, and autoimmune disorders. In our review, we provide an overview of miRNA biogenesis and their role in the etiology and pathogenesis of myocarditis, evaluating future directions for myocarditis management. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in genetic manipulation techniques allowed to demonstrate the important role of RNA fragments, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), in cardiovascular pathogenesis. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the post-transcriptional gene expression. Advances in molecular techniques allowed to identify miRNA's role in pathogenesis of myocarditis. miRNAs are related to viral infection, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, making them not only promising diagnostic markers but also prognostics and therapeutic targets in myocarditis. Of course, further real-world studies will be needed to assess the diagnostic accuracy and applicability of miRNA in the myocarditis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Chimenti
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele Magnocavallo
- Cardiology Division, Arrhythmology Unit, S. Giovanni Calibita Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Vetta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology Unit, University of Messina, Mesina, Italy
| | - Maria Alfarano
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Manguso
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ajmone
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Ballatore
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Costantino
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Piera Ciaramella
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Severino
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Lavalle
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Dario Vizza
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Raghav PK, Mann Z, Ahluwalia SK, Rajalingam R. Potential treatments of COVID-19: Drug repurposing and therapeutic interventions. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 152:1-21. [PMID: 37059487 PMCID: PMC9930377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The infection is caused when Spike-protein (S-protein) present on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with human cell surface receptor, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This binding facilitates SARS-CoV-2 genome entry into the human cells, which in turn causes infection. Since the beginning of the pandemic, many different therapies have been developed to combat COVID-19, including treatment and prevention. This review is focused on the currently adapted and certain other potential therapies for COVID-19 treatment, which include drug repurposing, vaccines and drug-free therapies. The efficacy of various treatment options is constantly being tested through clinical trials and in vivo studies before they are made medically available to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Raghav
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | - Simran Kaur Ahluwalia
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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5
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Metallo-antiviral aspirants: Answer to the upcoming virusoutbreak. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY REPORTS 2023; 8:100104. [PMID: 37035854 PMCID: PMC10070197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2023.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
In light of the current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, about one million research papers (articles, reviews, communications, etc.) were published in the last one and a half years. It was also noticed that in the past few years; infectious diseases, mainly those of viral origin, burdened the public health systems worldwide. The current wave of the Covid-19 pandemic has unmasked critical demand for compounds that can be swiftly mobilized for the treatment of re-emerging or emerging viral infections. With the potential chemical and structural characteristics of organic motifs, the coordination compounds might be a promising and flexible option for drug development. Their therapeutic consequence may be tuned by varying metal nature and its oxidation number, ligands characteristics, and stereochemistry of the species formed. The emerging successes of cisplatin in cancer chemotherapy inspire researchers to make new efforts for studying metallodrugs as antivirals. Metal-based compounds have immense therapeutic potential in terms of structural diversity and possible mechanisms of action; therefore, they might offer an excellent opportunity to achieve new antivirals. This review is an attempt to summarize the current status of antiviral therapies against SARS-CoV-2 from the available literature sources, discuss the specific challenges and solutions in the development of metal-based antivirals, and also talk about the possibility to accelerate discovery efforts in this direction.
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Juárez-Luis J, Canseco-Ocaña M, Cid-Soto MA, Castro-Martínez XH, Martínez-Hernández A, Orozco L, Hernández-Zavala A, Córdova EJ. Single nucleotide variants in microRNA biosynthesis genes in Mexican individuals. Front Genet 2023; 14:1022912. [PMID: 36968598 PMCID: PMC10037310 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1022912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators in a variety of biological processes, and their dysregulation is associated with multiple human diseases. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in genes involved in the processing of microRNAs may alter miRNA regulation and could present high allele heterogeneity in populations from different ethnic groups. Thus, the aim of this study was to genotype 15 SNVs in eight genes involved in the miRNA processing pathway in Mexican individuals and compare their frequencies across 21 populations from five continental groups.Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from 399 healthy Mexican individuals. SNVs in AGO2 (rs2293939 and rs4961280), DGCR8 (rs720012), DICER (rs3742330 and rs13078), DROSHA (rs10719 and rs6877842), GEMIN3 (rs197388 and rs197414), GEMIN4 (rs7813, rs2740349, and rs4968104), TNRC6B (rs9611280), and XP05 (rs11077 and rs34324334) were genotyped using TaqMan probes. The minor allele frequency of each SNV was compared to those reported in the 1,000 Genomes database using chi-squared. Sankey plot was created in the SankeyMATIC package to visualize the frequency range of each variant in the different countries analyzed.Results: In Mexican individuals, all 15 SNVs were found in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with frequencies ranging from 0.04 to 0.45. The SNVs rs4961280, rs2740349, rs34324334, and rs720012 in Mexican individuals had the highest minor allele frequencies worldwide, whereas the minor allele frequencies of rs197388, rs10719, rs197414, and rs1107 were among the lowest in Mexican individuals. The variants had high allele heterogeneity among the sub-continental populations, ranging from monomorphic, as was the case for rs9611280 and rs34324334 in African groups, to >0.50, which was the case for variants rs11077 and rs10719 in most of the populations. Importantly, the variants rs197388, rs720012, and rs197414 had FST values > 0.18, indicating a directional selective process. Finally, the SNVs rs13078 and rs10719 significantly correlated with both latitude and longitude.Conclusion: These data indicate the presence of high allelic heterogeneity in the worldwide distribution of the frequency of SNVs located in components of the miRNA processing pathway, which could modify the genetic susceptibility associated with human diseases in populations with different ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Juárez-Luis
- Section of Research and Postgraduate, Superior School of Medicine, National Institute Polytechnique, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Canseco-Ocaña
- Oncogenomics Consortium Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Cid-Soto
- Oncogenomics Consortium Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xochitl H. Castro-Martínez
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurogenerative diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Martínez-Hernández
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Hernández-Zavala
- Section of Research and Postgraduate, Superior School of Medicine, National Institute Polytechnique, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emilio J. Córdova
- Oncogenomics Consortium Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Emilio J. Córdova,
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7
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Avtaar Singh SS, Nappi F. Pathophysiology and Outcomes of Endothelium Function in Coronary Microvascular Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Multicenter Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123010. [PMID: 36551766 PMCID: PMC9775403 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary macrovascular disease is a concept that has been well-studied within the literature and has long been the subject of debates surrounding coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) vs. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). ISCHEMIA trial reported no statistical difference in the primary clinical endpoint between initial invasive management and initial conservative management, while in the ORBITA trial PCI did not improve angina frequency score significantly more than placebo, albeit PCI resulted in more patient-reported freedom from angina than placebo. However, these results did not prove the superiority of the PCI against OMT, therefore do not indicate the benefit of PCI vs. the OMT. Please rephrase the sentence. We reviewed the role of different factors responsible for endothelial dysfunction from recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and multicentre studies. METHODS A detailed search strategy was performed using a dataset that has previously been published. Data of pooled analysis include research articles (human and animal models), CABG, and PCI randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Details of the search strategy and the methods used for data pooling have been published previously and registered with Open-Source Framework. RESULTS The roles of nitric oxide (NO), endothelium-derived contracting factors (EDCFs), and vasodilator prostaglandins (e.g., prostacyclin), as well as endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) factors, are crucial for the maintenance of vasomotor tone within the coronary vasculature. These homeostatic mechanisms are affected by sheer forces and other several factors that are currently being studied, such as vaping. The role of intracoronary testing is crucial when determining the effects of therapeutic medications with further studies on the horizon. CONCLUSION The true impact of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is perhaps underappreciated, which supports the role of medical therapy in determining outcomes. Ongoing trials are underway to further investigate the role of therapeutic agents in secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord of Saint-Denis, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(14)-9334104; Fax: +33-149334119
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Hsa_circ_0070194 targets the miR-384/HDAC2 axis to enhance proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion of trophoblast cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wei K, Ma Z, Yang F, Zhao X, Jiang W, Pan C, Li Z, Pan X, He Z, Xu J, Wu W, Xia Y, Chen L. M2 macrophage-derived exosomes promote lung adenocarcinoma progression by delivering miR-942. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:205-216. [PMID: 34838826 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major components of the tumor microenvironment that contribute to metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The potential of TAM-derived exosomes for biomarker discovery in tumor initiation and progression has been recently reported. However, studies on macrophage-derived exosomes in LUAD remain limited. We investigated the role of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes in LUAD both in vivo and in vitro and its underlying mechanism. We showed that the infiltration of M2 macrophages was positively correlated with LUAD metastasis. M2 macrophage-derived exosomes could be taken up by LUAD cells to promote cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, miR-942 could be packaged into exosomes secreted by M2 macrophages. Mechanistically, exosomal miR-942 regulates FOXO1 protein expression by binding to the 3'-UTR region of FOXO1 and further alleviates β-catenin inhibition in LUAD cells. Collectively, we demonstrated that M2 macrophage-derived miRNA-containing exosomes promote LUAD cell invasion and migration and facilitate angiogenesis, thereby providing a new therapeutic target for metastatic LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijian Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengming Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunfeng Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianglong Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhicheng He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Abu-Izneid T, AlHajri N, Ibrahim AM, Javed MN, Salem KM, Pottoo FH, Kamal MA. Micro-RNAs in the regulation of immune response against SARS CoV-2 and other viral infections. J Adv Res 2021; 30:133-145. [PMID: 33282419 PMCID: PMC7708232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Micro-RNAs (miRNAS) are non-coding, small RNAs that have essential roles in different biological processes through silencing genes, they consist of 18-24 nucleotide length RNA molecules. Recently, miRNAs have been viewed as important modulators of viral infections they can function as suppressors of gene expression by targeting cellular or viral RNAs during infection. Aim of review We describe the biological roles and effects of miRNAs on SARS-CoV-2 life-cycle and pathogenicity, and we discuss the modulation of the immune system with micro-RNAs which would serve as a new foundation for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections. Key scientific concepts of review miRNAs are the key players that regulate the expression of the gene in the post-transcriptional phase and have important effects on viral infections, thus are potential targets in the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of viral infections. Besides, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) modulation of immune-pathogenesis responses to viral infection is one of the most-known indirect effects, which leads to suppressing of the interferon (IFN-α/β) signalling cascade or upregulation of the IFN-α/β production another IFN-stimulated gene (ISGs) that inhibit replication of the virus. These virus-mediated alterations in miRNA levels lead to an environment that might either enhance or inhibit virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noora AlHajri
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Khalifa University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdallah Mohammad Ibrahim
- Fundamentals of Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Noushad Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New-Delhi, India
| | - Khairi Mustafa Salem
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing/Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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Yuan X, Bian X, Wei W, Bao Q, Liu P, Jiang W. miR-34a regulates phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells in intracranial aneurysm by targeting CXCR3 and MMP-2. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200124. [PMID: 33901269 PMCID: PMC8075123 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation is tightly related to diseases including tumor,
neuro disease and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the
potential biological effects of miR-34a and its target CXCR3 in phenotypic
modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of intracranial aneurysms
(IAs). MiR-34a was found to be down-regulated in IAs patients tested by
Real-time PCR and decreased in GEO data. Meanwhile, our study also showed
miR-34a inhibited matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and migration of VSMCs.
Besides, CXCR3 is a direct target of miR-34a identified via luciferase assay.
CXCR3 showed inhibitory effect on SM-MHC, SM22 while promoted MMPs expression,
cell proliferation and migration in VSMCs. MiR-34a reversed the effect of CXCR3
in VSMCs. In addition, MMP-2 is a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of CXCR3
sharing common miR-34a target. CXCR3 increased MMP-2 level through competitive
endogenous RNA regulation by sponging endogenous miR-34a. In conclusion, miR-34a
is down-regulated in IAs while CXCR3 is the direct target of miR-34a that
regulates phenotypic modulation of VSMCs. CXCR3 increased MMP-2 level through
competitive endogenous RNA regulation by sharing common miR-34a targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Yuan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Bian
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Wei
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou, China
| | - Qing Bao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhou, China
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Talukder P, Chanda S. RNAi Technology and Investigation on Possible Vaccines to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1744-1756. [PMID: 33826068 PMCID: PMC8024446 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, taking place globally, occurs as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection which has caused death of innumerable numbers of people and is responsible for a massive drop in the global economy. Millions of people are infected, and the death rate is also quite high in different countries. So, there is an urgent requirement of the invention of some effective and efficient drugs that can be effective against this deadly viral infection. The invention of new drugs and vaccine has become a matter of utmost importance to stop the mayhem of coronavirus pandemic. In the middle of such a deadly pandemic, the necessity of development of a vaccine is of high importance in this context. Among all the popular methods of vaccine development, the mRNA vaccines turned out to be the one of the most versatile vaccine with quick responses. However, in this review, we have explained all the possible types of vaccines available including DNA vaccines, RNA vaccines, and live and attenuated vaccines. Their effectiveness, importance, and application of the vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been discussed. Research is also being conducted in the field of gene silencing, and one of the best possible ways to combat the virus at the molecular level is by applying RNAi technology. The modified siRNA molecules can be used to silence the gene expression of the virus. A summarization of the virus’s behavior, characteristics, and the methods by which RNAi technology can be administered to control the virus is depicted in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Talukder
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India.
| | - Sounak Chanda
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
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13
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Li K, Zhang J, Zhang M, Wu Y, Lu X, Zhu Y. miR-378a-5p inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by downregulating CDK1. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:54. [PMID: 33608020 PMCID: PMC7896405 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02166-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in tumor occurrence. The role of miR-378a-5p and CDK1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated in this study. METHODS Investigation of TCGA database and the detection of miR-378a-5p expression in colorectal cancer pathological tissues and colorectal cancer cell lines were undertaken by using qRT-PCR. We performed cell function experiments (CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, cell apoptosis assessment, and cell cycle assessment) and nude mouse tumor formation experiments to evaluate the effects of miR-378a-5p on proliferation, metastasis, and invasion to explore the role of miR-378a-5p in vivo and in vitro. Next, through TCGA database, immunohistochemical staining of pathological tissues, and cell function experiments, the role of the target gene CDK1 of miR-378a-5p was verified by database prediction, and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments in colorectal cancer cells were performed. Finally, whether upregulation of CDK1 restores the inhibitory effect of overexpression of miR-378a-5p on the proliferation of CRC cells was studied by overexpression of CDK1. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis showed significant downregulation of miR-378a-5p levels in colorectal cancer (CRC). Cell function experiments and tumor xenograft mouse models confirmed the low expression of miR-378a-5p within CRC tissues, which indicated the tumor suppressive role of miR-378a-5p in CRC. To better explore the regulation of miR-378a-5p in CRC, we predicted and validated cell cycle-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDK1) as the miR-378a-5p target gene and observed that miR-378a-5p suppressed CRC cell proliferation by targeting CDK1. CONCLUSION The results of this study help to elucidate the mechanism by which miR-378a-5p can be used as a tumor marker to inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer and CDK1, which is related to the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. MiR-378a-5p inhibits CRC cell proliferation by suppressing CDK1 expression, which may become a possible therapeutic target for treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.,Department of Clinical medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Jieling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.,Department of Clinical medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Mingkang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Yaohua Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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14
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Laugier L, Ferreira LRP, Ferreira FM, Cabantous S, Frade AF, Nunes JP, Ribeiro RA, Brochet P, Teixeira PC, Santos RHB, Bocchi EA, Bacal F, Cândido DDS, Maso VE, Nakaya HI, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E, Chevillard C. miRNAs may play a major role in the control of gene expression in key pathobiological processes in Chagas disease cardiomyopathy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008889. [PMID: 33351798 PMCID: PMC7787679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC), an especially aggressive inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy caused by lifelong infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major cause of cardiomyopathy in Latin America. Although chronic myocarditis may play a major pathogenetic role, little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for its severity. The aim of this study is to study the genes and microRNAs expression in tissues and their connections in regards to the pathobiological processes. To do so, we integrated for the first time global microRNA and mRNA expression profiling from myocardial tissue of CCC patients employing pathways and network analyses. We observed an enrichment in biological processes and pathways associated with the immune response and metabolism. IFNγ, TNF and NFkB were the top upstream regulators. The intersections between differentially expressed microRNAs and differentially expressed target mRNAs showed an enrichment in biological processes such as Inflammation, inflammation, Th1/IFN-γ-inducible genes, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and mitochondrial/oxidative stress/antioxidant response. MicroRNAs also played a role in the regulation of gene expression involved in the key cardiomyopathy-related processes fibrosis, hypertrophy, myocarditis and arrhythmia. Significantly, a discrete number of differentially expressed microRNAs targeted a high number of differentially expressed mRNAs (>20) in multiple processes. Our results suggest that miRNAs orchestrate expression of multiple genes in the major pathophysiological processes in CCC heart tissue. This may have a bearing on pathogenesis, biomarkers and therapy. Chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC), an aggressive dilated cardiomyopathy caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major cause of cardiomyopathy in Latin America. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for its severity. Authors study the possible role of microRNAs in the regulation of gene expression in relevant pathways and pathobiological processes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) -small RNAs that can regulate gene expression—associated to severe cardiomyopathy development. The inflammatory mediator Interferon-γ was the most likely inducer of gene expression in CCC, and most genes belonged to the immune response, fibrosis, hypertrophy and mitochondrial metabolism. A discrete number of differentially expressed mRNAs targeted a high number of differentially expressed mRNAs in multiple processes. Moreover, several pathways had multiple targets regulated by microRNAs, suggesting synergic effect. Results suggest that microRNAs orchestrate expression of multiple genes in the major pathophysiological processes in CCC heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Laugier
- Aix Marseille Université, Génétique et Immunologie des Maladies Parasitaires, Unité Mixte de Recherche S906, Marseille, France; INSERM, U906, Marseille, France
| | - Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico Moraes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandrine Cabantous
- Aix Marseille Université, Génétique et Immunologie des Maladies Parasitaires, Unité Mixte de Recherche S906, Marseille, France; INSERM, U906, Marseille, France
| | - Amanda Farage Frade
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao Paulo Nunes
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Almeida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pauline Brochet
- Aix Marseille Université, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Inserm, INSERM, UMR_1090, Marseille, France
| | - Priscila Camillo Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edimar A Bocchi
- Division of Transplantation, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bacal
- Division of Transplantation, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Darlan da Silva Cândido
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Escolano Maso
- Department of Pathophysiology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Pathophysiology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christophe Chevillard
- Aix Marseille Université, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Inserm, INSERM, UMR_1090, Marseille, France
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15
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Cannabinoid Receptor 1/miR-30b-5p Axis Governs Macrophage NLRP3 Expression and Inflammasome Activation in Liver Inflammatory Disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:725-738. [PMID: 32408051 PMCID: PMC7225604 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nod-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) has been regarded as an important initiator or promoter in multiple inflammatory diseases. However, the relationship between cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome and the corresponding molecular mechanism in liver inflammation remain unclear. Mouse liver injury models were induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or methionine-choline-deficient and high fat (MCDHF) diet. Human liver tissues were obtained from patients with different chronic liver diseases. CB1 expression was increased in liver tissue and macrophages of CCl4- and MCDHF-treated mice, positively correlated with NLRP3. CB1 agonist ACEA (Arachiodonyl-2’-Chloroethylamide) promoted NLRP3 expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. CB1 blockade with its antagonist AM281 reduced NLRP3 expression, inflammasome activation, and liver inflammation in CCl4- and MCDHF-treated mice. MicroRNA-30b-5p (miR-30b-5p), screened by the intersection of bioinformatics databases and downregulated miRNAs in injured liver, negatively correlated with NLRP3 in mouse and human liver. miR-30b-5p was involved in CB1-mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages by directly targeting NLRP3. Importantly, administration of miR-30b-5p agomir targeted NLRP3 and attenuated liver inflammation in the injured liver. Altogether, CB1/miR-30b-5p axis modulates NLRP3 expression and NLPR3 inflammasome activation in macrophages during liver inflammation, which provides a potential target for liver disease.
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16
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Tang R, Long T, Lui KO, Chen Y, Huang ZP. A Roadmap for Fixing the Heart: RNA Regulatory Networks in Cardiac Disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:673-686. [PMID: 32380417 PMCID: PMC7210385 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous development of RNA biology and massive genome-wide transcriptome analysis, more and more RNA molecules and their functions have been explored in the last decade. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that RNA-related regulatory networks play an important role in a variety of human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on RNA regulatory networks in heart disease, most of which are devastating conditions with no known cure. We systemically summarize recent discoveries of important new components of RNA regulatory networks, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, as well as multiple regulators that affect the activity of these networks in cardiac physiology and pathology. In addition, this review covers emerging micropeptides, which represent short open reading frames (sORFs) in long non-coding RNA transcripts that may modulate cardiac physiology. Based on the current knowledge of RNA regulatory networks, we think that ongoing discoveries will not only provide us a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie heart disease, but will also identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Long
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Wang J, Han B. Dysregulated CD4+ T Cells and microRNAs in Myocarditis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:539. [PMID: 32269577 PMCID: PMC7109299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is a polymorphic disease complicated with indeterminate etiology and pathogenesis, and represents one of the most challenging clinical problems lacking specific diagnosis and effective therapy. It is caused by a complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors, and causal links between dysregulated microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and myocarditis have also been supported by recent epigenetic researches. Both dysregulated CD4+ T cells and miRNAs play critical roles in the pathogenesis of myocarditis, and the classic triphasic model of its pathogenesis consists of the acute infectious, subacute immune, and recovery/chronic myopathic phase. CD4+ T cells are key pathogenic factors underlying the development and progression of myocarditis, and the effector and regulatory subsets, respectively, promote and inhibit autoimmune responses. Furthermore, the reciprocal interplay of these subsets influences the pathogenesis as well. Dysregulated miRNAs along with their mRNA and protein targets have been identified in heart biopsies (intracellular miRNAs) and body fluids (circulating miRNAs) during myocarditis. These miRNAs show phase-dependent changes, and correlate with viral infection, immune status, fibrosis, destruction of cardiomyocytes, arrhythmias, cardiac functions, and outcomes. Thus, miRNAs are promising diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in myocarditis. In this review, we review myocarditis with an emphasis on its pathogenesis, and present a summary of current knowledge of dysregulated CD4+ T cells and miRNAs in myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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18
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Liu C, Zhou Q, Li Y, Garner LV, Watkins SP, Carter LJ, Smoot J, Gregg AC, Daniels AD, Jervey S, Albaiu D. Research and Development on Therapeutic Agents and Vaccines for COVID-19 and Related Human Coronavirus Diseases. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:315-331. [PMID: 32226821 PMCID: PMC10467574 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 815] [Impact Index Per Article: 203.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Liu
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yingzhu Li
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Linda V. Garner
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Steve P. Watkins
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Linda J. Carter
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jeffrey Smoot
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Anne C. Gregg
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Angela D. Daniels
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Susan Jervey
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dana Albaiu
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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19
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Agiannitopoulos K, Samara P, Papadopoulou M, Efthymiadou A, Papadopoulou E, Tsaousis GN, Mertzanos G, Babalis D, Lamnissou K. miRNA polymorphisms and risk of premature coronary artery disease. Hellenic J Cardiol 2020; 62:278-284. [PMID: 32092393 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several microRNA (miRNA) polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to specific health disorders, including cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether four well-studied miRNA polymorphisms in non-Caucasian populations, namely miR146a G>C (rs2910164), miR149 C>T (rs2292832), miR196a2 C>T (rs11614913) and miR499 A>G (rs3746444), contribute to the risk for the development of premature Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in the Greek population. METHODS We used a case-control study to examine these associations in 400 individuals: 200 CAD patients [including a subgroup of myocardial infraction (MI) patients] and 200 healthy controls, all of Greek origin. MiRNA polymorphisms were genotyped using three different assays: Polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), High resolution Melting (HRM) and Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Two of these polymorphisms, miR196a2 C>T (rs11614913) and miR499 A>G (rs3746444) were found to be strongly associated with increased risk for CAD (p=0.0388 and p=0.0013, respectively) and for MI (p=0.0281 and p=0.0273, respectively). Furthermore, miR146C-miR149C-miR196T-miR499G allele combination appeared to be significantly related to CAD (p=0.0185) and MI (p=0.0337) prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that at least two of the studied polymorphisms, miR196a2 C>T (rs11614913) and miR499 A>G (rs3746444), as well as the miR146C-miR149C-miR196T-miR499G allele combination could represent useful biomarkers of CAD and/or MI susceptibility in the Greek population. These special genetic characteristics, in combination with environmental factors and personal habits, might contribute to CAD and/or MI prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Agiannitopoulos
- Division of Genetics & Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Pinelopi Samara
- Division of Genetics & Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Miranta Papadopoulou
- Division of Genetics & Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Astradeni Efthymiadou
- Division of Genetics & Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - George Mertzanos
- Department of Cardiology, "KAT" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Klea Lamnissou
- Division of Genetics & Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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20
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Morgan R, Pandha HS. PBX3 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020431. [PMID: 32069812 PMCID: PMC7072649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PBX3 is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor of the pre-B cell leukemia (PBX) family, members of which have extensive roles in early development and some adult processes. A number of features distinguish PBX3 from other PBX proteins, including the ability to form specific and stable interactions with DNA in the absence of cofactors. PBX3 has frequently been reported as having a role in the development and maintenance of a malignant phenotype, and high levels of PBX3 tumor expression have been linked to shorter overall survival in cancer. In this review we consider the similarities and differences in the function of PBX3 in different cancer types and draw together the core signaling pathways involved to help provide a better insight into its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Morgan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1274-233225; Fax: +44-1274-233234
| | - Hardev S Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
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21
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Yu Y. Bioactive Small Molecules: Promising Novel Therapies in Cardiovascular Diseases – PART II. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1877. [DOI: 10.2174/156802661921191024120954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Xin Hua Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
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