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Romero-Velarde E, Córdova-García KG, Robles-Robles LC, Ventura-Gómez IJ, Chávez-Palencia C. Neck Circumference and Its Relation with Body Fat Percentage in Children 5-10 Years Old. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:868. [PMID: 39062317 DOI: 10.3390/children11070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neck circumference (NC) has been proposed as an indicator of upper trunk adiposity and a potential indicator of metabolic risk. The objective was to evaluate NC and its correlation with body fat percentage (BF%) and other indicators of adiposity in children with normal weight, overweight, and obesity. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 112 children 5 to 10 years of age were included in the outpatient clinic from a public hospital. Measures of weight and height to calculate BMI (kg/m2), NC, mid-upper arm circumference, waist circumference, and tricipital skinfold thickness. Body composition measurements were performed using an electrical bioimpedance device (BIA). The relationship between anthropometric variables and BF% obtained by BIA was determined using Spearman correlation tests. Multivariate models were constructed with BF% as the dependent variable and anthropometric parameters as independent. RESULTS In the entire group, there was a direct correlation between NC and BF% (r = 0.50, p < 0.001), but lost statistical significance in the case of normal weight. The relationship maintained its significance in subjects from the overweight and obesity groups. In multivariate models, BMI exhibited the highest correlation with BF%, followed by waist circumference and mid-upper arm circumference; for NC, the R2 value was 0.30 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Neck circumference is useful in the screening of population groups with the advantage of not requiring any specialized instruments for its measurement other than a tape measure. BMI and waist circumference were the best indicators of general and central adiposity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Romero-Velarde
- Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- División de Pediatría, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Karen G Córdova-García
- División de Pediatría, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Laura C Robles-Robles
- División de Pediatría, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ingrid J Ventura-Gómez
- Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Clío Chávez-Palencia
- División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico
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Brouwer ECJ, Floyd WN, Jensen ET, O'Connell N, Shaltout HA, Washburn LK, South AM. Risk of Obesity and Unhealthy Central Adiposity in Adolescents Born Preterm With Very Low Birthweight Compared to Term-Born Peers. Child Obes 2024. [PMID: 38387005 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2023.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Background: Early-life factors such as preterm birth or very low birthweight (VLBW) are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, it remains unknown whether this is due to an increased risk of obesity (unhealthy central adiposity) because studies have predominantly defined obesity based on BMI, an imprecise adiposity measure. Objective: Investigate if adolescents born preterm with VLBW have a higher risk of unhealthy central adiposity compared to term-born peers. Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of data from a prospective cohort study of 177 individuals born preterm with VLBW (<1500 g) and 51 term-born peers (birthweight ≥2500 g). Individuals with congenital anomalies, genetic syndromes, or major health conditions were excluded. Height, weight, waist circumference, skin fold thickness, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition were measured at age 14 years. We calculated BMI percentiles and defined overweight/obesity as BMI ≥85th percentile for age and sex. We estimated the preterm-term differences in overweight/obesity prevalence and adiposity distribution with multivariable generalized linear models. Results: There was no difference in small for gestational age status or overweight/obesity prevalence. Compared to term, youth born preterm with VLBW had lower BMI z-score [β -0.38, 95% confidence limits (CL) -0.75 to -0.02] but no differences in adiposity apart from subscapular-to-triceps ratio (STR; β 0.18, 95% CL 0.08 to 0.28). Conclusions: Adolescents born preterm with VLBW had smaller body size than their term-born peers and had no differences in central adiposity except greater STR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Whitney N Floyd
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nathaniel O'Connell
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hossam A Shaltout
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lisa K Washburn
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Andrew M South
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Brenner Children's, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Center on Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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Ferrero-Hernández P, Farías-Valenzuela C, Ferrari G, Espoz-Lazo S, Álvarez-Arangua S, Valdivia-Moral P. Cut-off points for isometric handgrip and low limb explosive strength in relation to indicators of overweight/obesity in people with intellectual disabilities: analysis by age groups. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2023; 67:1124-1135. [PMID: 37574777 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight/obesity has been increasing globally and in people with Intellectual Disabilities (IDs), this problem is exacerbated even more, which added to a low physical condition that contributes to the deterioration of functionality and increases the risk of developing chronic diseases in the course of life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish cut-off points for levels of isometric handgrip and low limb explosive strength in children, adolescents and adults, which identify overweight/obesity in people with IDs and their respective associations. METHODS The sample was made up of 131 individuals with IDs, belonging to four special and community educational centres in the city of Santiago, Chile. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) were used as indicators of overweight/obesity. Handgrip strength was used as a measure of isometric strength, and countermovement jump was used as a measure of low limb explosive strength. For the comparison of variables by age group, the analysis of Ancova, Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests were used. The total area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of isometric handgrip and low limb explosive strength was identified as an indicator of overweight/obesity according to age groups. A logistic regression model was used to quantify the effect that strength categories below the cut-off point have on the risk of overweight and obesity. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the age groups for body weight, height, BMI and WHR, as well as in the levels of absolute handgrip strength and vertical jump with countermovement (P ≤ 0.05). Children showed the lowest cut-off points for absolute and relative strength. The adolescent group showed the highest cut-off points for relative strength and countermovement jump and adults showed the highest value for absolute strength as indicators of overweight/obesity. Different associations between cut-off points with BMI and WHR were found. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents showed the highest cut-off point for relative strength and countermovement jump, and adults showed the highest value for absolute strength, according to overweight/obesity indicators (BMI and WHR). It is suggested to adjust resistance training programmes according to age categories for the prevention of overweight/obesity in people with IDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ferrero-Hernández
- Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Farías-Valenzuela
- Instituto del Deporte, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - G Ferrari
- Sciences of Physical Activity, Sports and Health School, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - S Espoz-Lazo
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Instituto del Deporte y Bienestar, Universidad Andres Bello, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Álvarez-Arangua
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Valdivia-Moral
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Hu J, Jiang Y, Shen H, Ding L, Xu X, Wu W. What is the best anthropometry index to evaluate the risk of metabolic abnormalities in Chinese adults? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3580. [PMID: 36210641 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity, defined by body mass index (BMI), is a heterogeneous condition with varying metabolic manifestations, and the best index for predicting metabolic abnormalities remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the most suitable anthropometry index for predicting metabolic abnormalities in Chinese adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using the data obtained from 9517 Chinese adults who underwent physical examination, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and laboratory examinations between March 2018 and March 2022. Participants were further divided into eight subgroups according to age, BMI, and sex. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden index values were calculated to identify the best predictor of metabolic abnormalities in Chinese adults. RESULTS The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) had the largest area under the curve for predicting metabolic abnormalities in men of any age and women aged 18-49 years. However, BMI showed the highest accuracy in predicting metabolic abnormalities in women aged 50 years and older. Based on the highest Youden index, the optimal WHtR threshold was 0.51 in women and 0.53 in men. CONCLUSIONS The WHtR was the most effective index for predicting metabolic abnormalities in most Chinese adults, whereas BMI showed a higher accuracy only in elderly women. This observation supports WHtR as a novel adiposity marker for screening metabolic abnormalities and shows value for public health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Department of Health Management Center, Huadong Sanatorium, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongbin Jiang
- Department of Health Management Center, Huadong Sanatorium, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Health Management Center, Huadong Sanatorium, Jiangsu, China
| | - Limin Ding
- Department of Health Management Center, Huadong Sanatorium, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaopao Xu
- Department of Health Management Center, Huadong Sanatorium, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
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Causative Mechanisms of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity Leading to Adult Cardiometabolic Disease: A Literature Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have shown a worrisome increase in the prevalence of obesity and its related illnesses. This increasing burden has a noteworthy impact on overall worldwide mortality and morbidity, with significant economic implications as well. The same trend is apparent regarding pediatric obesity. This is a particularly concerning aspect when considering the well-established link between cardiovascular disease and obesity, and the fact that childhood obesity frequently leads to adult obesity. Moreover, most obese adults have a history of excess weight starting in childhood. In addition, given the cumulative character of both time and severity of exposure to obesity as a risk factor for associated diseases, the repercussions of obesity prevalence and related morbidity could be exponential in time. The purpose of this review is to outline key aspects regarding the current knowledge on childhood and adolescent obesity as a cardiometabolic risk factor, as well as the most common etiological pathways involved in the development of weight excess and associated cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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