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The emerging diagnostic and therapeutic roles of small nucleolar RNAs in lung diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114519. [PMID: 36906975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules that range from 60 to 300 nucleotides in length and are primarily located in the nucleoli of cells. They play a critical role in modifying ribosomal RNA and can also regulate alternative splicing and posttranscriptional modification of mRNA. Alterations in snoRNA expression can affect numerous cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and inflammation, making them a promising target for diagnostics and treatment of various human pathologies. Recent evidence suggests that abnormal snoRNA expression is strongly associated with the development and progression of several lung diseases, such as lung cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary hypertension, as well as COVID-19. While few studies have shown a causal relationship between snoRNA expression and disease onset, this research field presents exciting opportunities for identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung disease. This review discusses the emerging role and molecular mechanisms of snoRNAs in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, focusing on research opportunities, clinical studies, biomarkers, and therapeutic potential.
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Shirazi-Tehrani E, Chamasemani A, Firouzabadi N, Mousaei M. ncRNAs and polyphenols: new therapeutic strategies for hypertension. RNA Biol 2022; 19:575-587. [PMID: 35438046 PMCID: PMC9037439 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2066335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have gained significant attention in protecting several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Accumulating evidence indicates that polyphenols have potential protective roles for various CVDs. Hypertension (HTN) is among the hazardous CVDs accounting for nearly 8.5 million deaths worldwide. HTN is a complex and multifactorial disease and a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors play major roles in its development. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still elusive. Polyphenols have shown to cause favourable and beneficial effects in the management of HTN. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as influential mediators in modulating the biological properties of polyphenols, have shown significant footprints in CVDs. ncRNAs control basic functions in virtually all cell types relevant to the cardiovascular system and, thus, a direct link with blood pressure (BP) regulation is highly probable. Recent evidence suggests that a number of ncRNAs, including main small ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), play crucial roles with respect to the antihypertensive effects of polyphenols. Indeed, targeting lncRNAs by polyphenols will be a novel and promising strategy in the management of HTN. Herein, we reviewed the effects of polyphenols in HTN. Additionally, we emphasized on the potential effects of polyphenols on regulations of main ncRNAs, which imply the role of polyphenols in regulating ncRNAs in order to exert protective effects and thus proposing them as new targets for HTN treatment.Abbreviations : CVD: cardiovascular disease; BP: blood pressure; HTN: hypertension, lncRNAs: long noncoding RNAs; p38-MAPK: p38-mitogenactivated protein kinase; OPCs: oligomeric procyanidins; GTP: guanosine triphosphate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; SGC: soluble guanylate cyclase; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; cGMP: Cyclic GMP; eNOS: endothelial NO synthase; ERK ½: extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½; L-Arg: L-Arginine; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinases; NO: Nitric oxide; P: Phosphorus; PDK1: Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1; PI3-K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PIP2: Phosphatidylinositol diphosphate; ncRNAs: non-protein-coding RNA; miRNAs: microRNAs; OPCs: oligomeric procyanidins; RES: resveratrol; GE: grape extract; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor-alpha; NF-κB: nuclear factor NF-kappa-B; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; PARP1: poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1; HIF1a: Hypoxia-inducible-factor 1A; NFATc2: nuclear factor of activated T cells 2; PAD: peripheral artery disease; SHR: spontaneously hypertensive rat; RAAS: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; AT1R: angiotensin type-1 receptor; Nox: NADPH oxidase; HO-1: haem oxygenase-1; JAK/STAT: Janus kinase/signal transducers/activators of the transcription; PNS: panax notoginseng saponin; snoRNA: small nucleolar RNA; hnRNA: heterogeneous nuclear RNA; VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells; irf7: interferon regulatory factor 7; limo2: LIM only domain 2; GWAS: genome-wide association study; GAS5: Growth arrest-specific 5; Asb3, Ankyrin repeat and SPCS box containing 3; Chac2: cation transport regulator homolog 2; Pex11b: peroxisomal membrane 11B; Sp5: Sp5 transcription factor; EGCG: epigallocatechin gallate; ApoE: Apo lipoprotein E; ERK-MAP kinase: extracellular signal-regulated kinases-mitogen-activated protein kinase; PAH: pulmonary artery hypertension; PAP: pulmonary arterial pressure; HIF1a: hypoxia-inducible-factor 1A; NFATc2: nuclear factor of activated T cells 2; HMEC-1: Human microvascular endothelial cells; stat2: signal transducers and activators of transcription 2; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; iNOS: inducible NO synthase. SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; CAD: coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shirazi-Tehrani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Chamasemani
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mousaei
- Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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MiRNAs, lncRNAs, and circular RNAs as mediators in hypertension-related vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction. Hypertens Res 2020; 44:129-146. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-00553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4
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Su X, Lv L, Li Y, Fang R, Yang R, Li C, Li T, Zhu D, Li X, Zhou Y, Shan H, Liang H. lncRNA MIRF Promotes Cardiac Apoptosis through the miR-26a-Bak1 Axis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:841-850. [PMID: 32464547 PMCID: PMC7256443 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Identifying the pathways that block cardiac cell death is a therapeutic strategy for ischemic heart disease. We found that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) myocardial infarction-regulatory factor (MIRF) promoted ischemic myocardial injury by regulating autophagy through targeting miR-26a. However, the role of MIRF-miR-26a in apoptosis during AMI has not been delineated. In this study, we found the downregulation of miR-26a both in the heart of myocardial infarction (MI) mice and in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes. miR-26a silencing resulted in apoptosis, whereas overexpression of miR-26a attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis through promoting mitochondrial ATP content and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Moreover, forced expression of miR-26a protected against MI-induced cardiac injury and attenuated cardiac apoptosis. Further studies showed that miR-26a inhibited apoptosis through regulation of Bak1. Furthermore, MIRF decreased ATP content and MMP through regulating miR-26a, which then promoted the cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In contrast, deficiency of MIRF promoted mitochondrial ATP content and increased MMP, and then inhibited MI or H2O2-induced cardiac apoptosis, which was abolished by miR-26a inhibitor. Taken together, these results suggested that MIRF contributed to cardiomyocyte apoptosis through modulating Bak1 by regulation of miR-26a, which can be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Su
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Lifang Lv
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China; The Centre of Functional Experiment Teaching, Department of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Fang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Shan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China; Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Haihai Liang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China; Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China.
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Abstract
Advances in molecular genetics have identified several species of RNA that fail to translate - hence the non-coding RNAs. The two major groups within this class of nucleic acids are microRNAs (miRNA) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). There is growing body of evidence supporting the view that these molecules have regulatory effect on both DNA and RNA. The objective of this brief review is to explain the molecular genetic of these molecules, to summarize their potential as mediators of disease, and to highlight their value as diagnostic markers and as tools in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Waller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Kingston, London, UK
| | - A D Blann
- Institute of Biomedical Science, London, UK
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Wu Y, Zhang Z, Ren S, Li K, Ning Q, Jiang X. Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs in the serum and myocardium of spontaneous hypertensive rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6399-6404. [PMID: 31549370 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Circulating long noncoding RNAs as biomarkers of diseases have attracted increasing attention recently. However, circulating lncRNAs in hypertension is still unexplored niche. The levels of lncRNAs GAS5, NR024118, MRAK134679, AX765700 and MRNR026574 were measured in the serum and myocardium of hypertensive rats and normal controls with real time PCR. The levels of GAS5 were significantly higher both in the myocardium (P = 0.0067) and serum (P < 0.0001) of hypertensive rats compared with controls. The levels of NR024118 were remarkably higher in the myocardium of hypertensive rats (P = 0.0202) while the levels of serum NR024118 were not statistically significant in two groups (P = 0.6926). The levels of serum AX765700 (P = 0.0644) and cardiac AX765700 (P = 0.1938) were not statistically significant in hypertensive rats and controls. The levels of MRAK134679 were not different in the myocardium of two groups (P = 0.1692) and were too low in the serum to be detected. The levels of MRNR026574 were significantly higher in the myocardium of hypertensive rats compared with controls (P < 0.0001) and were too low in the serum to be detected. In conclusions, the levels of GAS5, NR024118 and MRNR026574 were increased in the myocardium of hypertensive rats, suggesting that they participate in the pathogenesis of hypertensive cardiac remodeling. Although, the levels of GAS5 in the serum and heart tissue were both significantly increased in SH rats, the potential biomarker capacity of GAS5 for HT needs to be further explored on larger human cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Wu
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shufan Ren
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qilan Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Integrative Analysis of the lncRNA and mRNA Transcriptome Revealed Genes and Pathways Potentially Involved in the Anther Abortion of Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10120947. [PMID: 31756984 PMCID: PMC6947465 DOI: 10.3390/genes10120947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton plays an important role in the economy of many countries. Many studies have revealed that numerous genes and various metabolic pathways are involved in anther development. In this research, we studied the differently expressed mRNA and lncRNA during the anther development of cotton between the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line, C2P5A, and the maintainer line, C2P5B, using RNA-seq analysis. We identified 17,897 known differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, and 865 DE long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that corresponded to 1172 cis-target genes at three stages of anther development using gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment of DE mRNAs; and cis-target genes of DE lncRNAs probably involved in the degradation of tapetum cells, microspore development, pollen development, and in the differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of the anther cell wall in cotton. Of these DE genes, LTCONS_00105434, LTCONS_00004262, LTCONS_00126105, LTCONS_00085561, and LTCONS_00085561, correspond to cis-target genes Ghir_A09G011050.1, Ghir_A01G005150.1, Ghir_D05G003710.2, Ghir_A03G016640.1, and Ghir_A12G005100.1, respectively. They participate in oxidative phosphorylation, flavonoid biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, fatty acid biosynthesis, and MAPK signaling pathway in plants, respectively. In summary, the transcriptomic data indicated that DE lncRNAs and DE mRNAs were related to the anther development of cotton at the pollen mother cell stage, tetrad stage, and microspore stage, and abnormal expression could lead to anther abortion, resulting in male sterility of cotton.
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Erdbrügger U, Le TH. Extracellular vesicles as a novel diagnostic and research tool for patients with HTN and kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F641-F647. [PMID: 31313949 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00071.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) affects one in three adults in the United States and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and kidney failure. There is emerging evidence that more intense blood pressure lowering reduces mortality in patients with kidney disease who are at risk of cardiovascular disease and progression to end-stage renal disease. However, the ideal blood pressure threshold for patients with kidney disease remains a question of debate. Novel tools to more precisely diagnose HTN, tailor treatment, and predict the risk of end-organ damage such as kidney disease are needed. Analysis of circulating and urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their cargo (protein and RNA) has the potential to identify novel noninvasive biomarkers that can also reflect a specific pathological mechanism of different HTN phenotypes. We will discuss the use of extracellular vesicles as markers of HTN severity and explain their profile change with antihypertensive medicine and potential to detect early end-organ damage. However, more studies with enhanced rigor in this field are needed to define the blood pressure threshold to prevent or delay kidney disease progression and decrease cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Erdbrügger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Thu H Le
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
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Correlation between miRNA target site polymorphisms in the 3' UTR of AVPR1A and the risk of hypertension in the Chinese Han population. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182232. [PMID: 31053625 PMCID: PMC6522731 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the relationship between rs11174811 and rs3803107 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA target sites of the 3' UTR in the arginine vasopressin receptor 1a gene (AVPR1A) and the risk of hypertension in the Chinese Han population. The genotypes at rs11174811 and rs3803107 were analyzed by direct sequencing in 425 Chinese Han patients with hypertension and 425 healthy subjects. AVPR1A expression was investigated by transfecting miR-526b, miR-375, and miR-186 mimics into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) containing AVPR1A rs11174811 CC, CA/AA and AVPR1A rs3803107 GG, GA/AA genotypes. The A alleles of rs11174811 (adjusted OR = 1.424, 95% CI: 1.231-1.599, P<0.001) and rs3803107 (adjusted OR = 1.222, 95% CI: 1.092-1.355; P=0.001) were high risk factors for hypertension. Plasma levels of miR-526b, miR-375, and miR-186 were higher in the study group than in the control group (P<0.001). The expression levels of AVPR1A mRNA in AVPR1A rs11174811 and rs3803107 mutant HUVECs were higher than those in wild-type cells (t = 8.811, 4.068 and P=0.001, 0.015, respectively). The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs11174811 and rs3803107 in the AVPR1A gene are associated with an increased risk of hypertension in the Chinese Han population. This may be related to the effect of these variants on the regulation of AVPR1A expression by miRNAs.
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Long non-coding RNA and mRNA analysis of Ang II-induced neuronal dysfunction. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3233-3246. [PMID: 30945068 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The sustained activation of Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces the remodelling of neurovascular units, inflammation and oxidative stress reactions in the brain. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial regulatory role in the pathogenesis of hypertensive neuronal damage. The present study aimed to substantially extend the list of potential candidate genes involved in Ang II-related neuronal damage. This study assessed apoptosis and energy metabolism with Annexin V/PI staining and a Seahorse assay after Ang II exposure in SH-SY5Y cells. The expression of mRNA and lncRNA was investigated by transcriptome sequencing. The integrated analysis of mRNA and lncRNAs and the molecular mechanism of Ang II on neuronal injury was analysed by bioinformatics. Ang II increased the apoptosis rate and reduced the energy metabolism of SH-SY5Y cells. The data showed that 702 mRNAs and 821 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in response to Ang II exposure (244 mRNAs and 432 lncRNAs were upregulated, 458 mRNAs and 389 lncRNAs were downregulated) (fold change ≥ 1.5, P < 0.05). GO and KEGG analyses showed that both DE mRNA and DE lncRNA were enriched in the metabolism, differentiation, apoptosis and repair of nerve cells. This is the first report of the lncRNA-mRNA integrated profile of SH-SY5Y cells induced by Ang II. The novel targets revealed that the metabolism of the vitamin B group, the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and glycosphingolipids are involved in the Ang II-related cognitive impairment. Sphingolipid metabolism, the Hedgehog signalling pathway and vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption play important roles in nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengze Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology/Physiology.The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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Zhang HN, Xu QQ, Thakur A, Alfred MO, Chakraborty M, Ghosh A, Yu XB. Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes and hypertension: Role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. Life Sci 2018; 213:258-268. [PMID: 30342074 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium acts as a barrier between the blood flow and the inner lining of the vessel wall, and it functions as a filtering machinery to filter out any unwanted transfer of materials from both sides (i.e. the blood and the surrounding tissues). It is evident that diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension disturb the normal endothelial functions in humans and lead to endothelial dysfunction, which may further precede to the development of atherosclerosis. Long non-coding RNAs and micro RNAs both are types of non-coding RNAs which, in the recent years, have increasingly been studied in the pathophysiology of many diseases including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, and others. Recent findings have pointed out important aspects on their relevance to endothelial function as well as dysfunction of the system which may arise from presence of diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Diabetes or hypertension-mediated endothelial dysfunction show characteristics such as reduced nitric oxide synthesis through suppression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in endothelial cells, reduced sensitivity of nitric oxide in smooth muscle cells, and inflammation - all of which have been either shown to be directly caused by gene regulatory mechanisms of non-coding RNAs or shown to be having a correlation with them. In this review, we aim to discuss such findings on the role of these non-coding RNAs in diabetes or hypertension-associated endothelial dysfunction and the related mechanisms that may pave the way for alleviating endothelial dysfunction and its related complications such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Martin Omondi Alfred
- Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manas Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Arunima Ghosh
- Department of Medical Coding Analysis - Emblem Health, Cognizant Technology Solutions India Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Xu-Ben Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Leimena C, Qiu H. Non-Coding RNA in the Pathogenesis, Progression and Treatment of Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E927. [PMID: 29561765 PMCID: PMC5979335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a complex, multifactorial disease that involves the coexistence of multiple risk factors, environmental factors and physiological systems. The complexities extend to the treatment and management of hypertension, which are still the pursuit of many researchers. In the last two decades, various genes have emerged as possible biomarkers and have become the target for investigations of specialized drug design based on its risk factors and the primary cause. Owing to the growing technology of microarrays and next-generation sequencing, the non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have increasingly gained attention, and their status of redundancy has flipped to importance in normal cellular processes, as well as in disease progression. The ncRNA molecules make up a significant portion of the human genome, and their role in diseases continues to be uncovered. Specifically, the cellular role of these ncRNAs has played a part in the pathogenesis of hypertension and its progression to heart failure. This review explores the function of the ncRNAs, their types and biology, the current update of their association with hypertension pathology and the potential new therapeutic regime for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Leimena
- Department of Basic Sciences, Physiological Division, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324, USA.
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Physiological Division, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324, USA.
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Gangwar RS, Rajagopalan S, Natarajan R, Deiuliis JA. Noncoding RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathological Relevance and Emerging Role as Biomarkers and Therapeutics. Am J Hypertens 2018; 31:150-165. [PMID: 29186297 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) include a diverse range of functional RNA species-microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) being most studied in pathophysiology. Cardiovascular morbidity is associated with differential expression of myriad miRNAs; miR-21, miR-155, miR-126, miR-146a/b, miR-143/145, miR-223, and miR-221 are the top 9 most reported miRNAs in hypertension and atherosclerotic disease. A single miRNA may have hundreds of messenger RNA targets, which makes a full appreciation of the physiologic ramifications of such broad-ranging effects a challenge. miR-21 is the most prominent ncRNA associated with hypertension and atherosclerotic disease due to its role as a "mechano-miR", responding to arterial shear stresses. "Immuno-miRs", such as miR-155 and miR-223, affect cardiovascular disease (CVD) via regulation of hematopoietic cell differentiation, chemotaxis, and activation in response to many pro-atherogenic stimuli. "Myo-miRs", such as miR-1 and miR-133, affect cardiac muscle plasticity and remodeling in response to mechanical overload. This in-depth review analyzes observational and experimental reports of ncRNAs in CVD, including future applications of ncRNA-based strategies in diagnosis, prediction (e.g., survival and response to small molecule therapy), and biologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopesh S Gangwar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Deiuliis
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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