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Melkis K, Jakubczyk K. The Chemical Profiles and Antioxidant Properties of Live Fruit or Vegetable Vinegars Available on the Polish Food Market. Foods 2024; 13:1488. [PMID: 38790788 PMCID: PMC11119752 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Live vinegar is a product formed through a two-step fermentation process of a sugar substrate that has not been subjected to filtration or pasteurization. This is considered to preserve all nutrients and biologically active microorganisms, making it a product with a valuable composition and beneficial properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the selected vinegars available on the Polish food market. The material in the study consisted of four live (naturally turbid, unfiltered, unpasteurized) fruit or vegetable vinegars: apple, pear, rhubarb, and lemon. Spectrophotometric, HPLC, and GC methods were used. Among the vinegars tested, lemon vinegar had the highest vitamin C content-15.95 mg/100 mL. Apple vinegar proved to be the best source of polyphenols and flavonoids (TPC-191.97 mg GAE/L, TFC-70.22 mg RE/L). All of the vinegars contained dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, and myricetin. The acetic acid content of the tested vinegars ranged from 29.180 to 38.125 mM/L. The pH values ranged from 3.14 to 3.41. In conclusion, the most promising nutraceutical with potentially beneficial health-promoting properties seems to be apple vinegar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Jakubczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 24 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
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Huang X, Yang L, Lyu Y, Ma H, Zhou X, Ye K, Feng J. Dried lemon slices improve bowel cleansing quality of polyethylene glycol for colonoscopy preparation: randomized controlled trial. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2024; 116:7-13. [PMID: 37539523 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2023.9676/2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND adequate bowel preparation is related to the quality of colonoscopy. Dried lemon slices can increase gastrointestinal peristalsis, which has shown potential as an adjuvant of bowel preparation. We hypothesized that the combination of dried lemon slices and polyethylene glycol (PEG) could improve the efficacy of bowel preparation and be more acceptable to participants. AIM to investigate the effectiveness of lemon slices combined with PEG for colonoscopy preparation. METHODS a prospective, single-center, randomized, controlled trial was performed of 521 patients randomly assigned to two groups. A total of 254 patients were given lemon slices based on conventional 4-L PEG treatment for the bowel, while 267 patients received only 4-L PEG treatment. Patients' basic information, procedure-related parameters, adverse effects, and subjective feelings were collected by questionnaires. Intestinal tract cleanliness was scored according to the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) by experienced endoscopists. Data were analyzed by the two-sample t-test or the Chi-squared test. RESULTS the BBPS scores were significantly higher in the PEG + lemon slice group (p < 0.05). The taste acceptability, satisfaction, and willingness to repeat bowel preparation were significantly higher in the PEG+ lemon slice group (p < 0.05). However, a larger proportion of patients from the PEG+ lemon slice group (30.7 %) suffered abdominal distension compared with the PEG group (20.6 %), while the incidence of other adverse effects was comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSION the addition of dried lemon slices to conventional PEG showed its superiority for bowel preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiawei Huang
- Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital. College of Medicine. Zhejiang University
| | - Liping Yang
- Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital. College of Medicine. Zhejiang University
| | - Yingbo Lyu
- Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital. College of Medicine. Zhejiang University
| | - Han Ma
- Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital. College of Medicine. Zhejiang University
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital. College of Medicine. Zhejiang University
| | - Kexin Ye
- Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital. College of Medicine. Zhejiang University
| | - Jiehui Feng
- Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital. College of Medicine. Zhejiang University, China
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Bao Y, Zeng Z, Yao W, Chen X, Jiang M, Sehrish A, Wu B, Powell CA, Chen B, Xu J, Zhang X, Zhang M. A gap-free and haplotype-resolved lemon genome provides insights into flavor synthesis and huanglongbing (HLB) tolerance. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad020. [PMID: 37035858 PMCID: PMC10076211 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The lemon (Citrus limon; family Rutaceae) is one of the most important and popular fruits worldwide. Lemon also tolerates huanglongbing (HLB) disease, which is a devastating citrus disease. Here we produced a gap-free and haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome assembly of the lemon by combining Pacific Biosciences circular consensus sequencing, Oxford Nanopore 50-kb ultra-long, and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture technologies. The assembly contained nine-pair chromosomes with a contig N50 of 35.6 Mb and zero gaps, while a total of 633.0 Mb genomic sequences were generated. The origination analysis identified 338.5 Mb genomic sequences originating from citron (53.5%), 147.4 Mb from mandarin (23.3%), and 147.1 Mb from pummelo (23.2%). The genome included 30 528 protein-coding genes, and most of the assembled sequences were found to be repetitive sequences. Several significantly expanded gene families were associated with plant-pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transduction, and the biosynthesis of major active components, such as terpenoids and flavor compounds. Most HLB-tolerant genes were expanded in the lemon genome, such as 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)/Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase and constitutive disease resistance 1, cell wall-related genes, and lignin synthesis genes. Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that phloem regeneration and lower levels of phloem plugging are the elements that contribute to HLB tolerance in lemon. Our results provide insight into lemon genome evolution, active component biosynthesis, and genes associated with HLB tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Mengwei Jiang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Akbar Sehrish
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Computing, Clemson University, 821 McMillan Rd, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | | | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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The Employment of Genera Vaccinium, Citrus, Olea, and Cynara Polyphenols for the Reduction of Selected Anti-Cancer Drug Side Effects. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081574. [PMID: 35458136 PMCID: PMC9025632 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most widespread diseases globally and one of the leading causes of death. Known cancer treatments are chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, targeted hormonal therapy, or a combination of these methods. Antitumor drugs, with different mechanisms, interfere with cancer growth by destroying cancer cells. However, anticancer drugs are dangerous, as they significantly affect both cancer cells and healthy cells. In addition, there may be the onset of systemic side effects perceived and mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and further carcinogenicity. Many polyphenolic extracts, taken on top of common anti-tumor drugs, can participate in the anti-proliferative effect of drugs and significantly reduce the side effects developed. This review aims to discuss the current scientific knowledge of the protective effects of polyphenols of the genera Vaccinium, Citrus, Olea, and Cynara on the side effects induced by four known chemotherapy, Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Tamoxifen, and Paclitaxel. In particular, the summarized data will help to understand whether polyphenols can be used as adjuvants in cancer therapy, although further clinical trials will provide crucial information.
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Li C, Cai Q, Wu X, Tan Z, Huang S, Wei C, Zhang W, Chen Z, Zhang L, Xiang H. Variation in compositions and biological activities of essential oils from four Citrus species: Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, Citrus paradisi, and Citrus reticulata. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100910. [PMID: 35143705 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Species of the genus Citrus are cultivated in many regions of China and are widely used for medicinal purposes. In the present study, essential oils (EOs) were extracted from four different Citrus species using steam distillation. The chemical components of these four essential oils were separated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 56 compounds were confirmed. D-limonene was found to be the most abundant compound. All four essential oils demonstrated varied but remarkable radical scavenging capacity (IC50; 0.77-13.9%). Citrus paradisi essential oil exhibited excellent antioxidant activity. Compared to ibuprofen, topical application of the four Citrus spp. essential oils significantly inhibited ear edema formation in mice. Furthermore, essential oils from the four Citrus species reduced the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear transcription factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB) to different degrees. The cytotoxicity of the four essential oils on BV2 microglial cells was determined using the MTT assay (IC50; 321.37-1558.87 μg/mL), wherein Citrus limon essential oil showed the lowest cytotoxicity. The essential oils of Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata, and Citrus paradisi had an inhibitory effect on the lung cancer cell line H1299 by inducing a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Cluster and principal component analyses were used to determine the relationship among the Citrus species. These results suggest that the four Citrus essential oils have potential for use as active ingredients in functional foods or cosmeceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Li
- Guangdong University of Technology School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 100 Huanxi Road, University City, Panyu District, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Qiuyang Cai
- Guangdong University of Technology School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 100 Huanxi Road, University City, Panyu District, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Xianyi Wu
- Guangdong University of Technology School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 100 Huanxi Road, University City, Panyu District, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Zekai Tan
- Guangdong University of Technology School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 100 Huanxi Road, University City, Panyu District, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Shiyuan Huang
- Guangdong University of Technology School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 100 Huanxi Road, University City, Panyu District, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Chuqi Wei
- Guangdong University of Technology - University Town Campus: Guangdong University of Technology, School of Materials and Energ, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Weicheng Zhang
- Guangdong University of Technology School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 100 Huanxi Road, University City, Panyu District, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Zhuoyu Chen
- Guangdong University of Technology School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 100 Huanxi Road, University City, Panyu District, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- Guangdong University of Technology, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 100 Huanxi Road, University City, Panyu District, 510006, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Hongping Xiang
- Guangdong University of Technology School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, 100 Huanxi Road, University City, Panyu District, Guangzhou, CHINA
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Sharma B. Meet the Editorial Board Member. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/157488551602210604092815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry University of Allahabad, Allahabad-UP, India
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Bhardwaj JK, Paliwal A, Saraf P. Effects of heavy metals on reproduction owing to infertility. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22823. [PMID: 34051019 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive performance of most of the species is adversely affected by hazardous heavy metals like lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, zinc, and copper. Heavy metals are liberated in the environment by natural sources like rock weathering, volcanic eruption, and other human activities like industrial discharge, mineral mining, automobile exhaust, and so forth. Heavy metals alter several reproductive functions in both males and females like a decrease in sperm count, motility, viability, spermatogenesis, hormonal imbalance, follicular atresia, and delay in oocyte maturation, and so forth, and thus, forms an important aspect of reproductive toxicology. The present review compiles toxicity aspects of various heavy metals and their efficacy and mechanism of action in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender K Bhardwaj
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Aakansha Paliwal
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Saraf
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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Behl T, Kaur G, Sehgal A, Zengin G, Singh S, Ahmadi A, Bungau S. Flavonoids, the Family of Plant-derived Antioxidants making inroads into Novel Therapeutic Design against IR-induced Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:324-343. [PMID: 34030619 PMCID: PMC9413797 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210524152817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ionizing radiation from telluric sources is unceasingly an unprotected pitfall to humans. Thus, the foremost contributors to human exposure are global and medical radiations. Various evidences assembled during preceding years reveal the pertinent role of ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in the progression of neurodegenerative insults, such as Parkinson’s disease, which have been contributing to increased proliferation and generation of reactive oxygen species. Objective: This review delineates the role of ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease and proposes novel therapeutic interventions of flavonoid family, offering effective management and slowing down the progression of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Published papers were searched in MEDLINE, PubMed, etc., published to date for in-depth database collection. Results: The oxidative damage may harm the non-targeted cells. It can also modulate the functions of the central nervous system, such as protein misfolding, mitochondria dysfunction, increased levels of oxidized lipids, and dopaminergic cell death, which accelerate the progression of Parkinson’s disease at the molecular, cellular, or tissue levels. In Parkinson’s disease, reactive oxygen species exacerbate the production of nitric oxides and superoxides by activated microglia, rendering death of dopaminergic neuronal cell through different mechanisms. Conclusion: Rising interest has extensively engrossed in the clinical trial designs based on the plant-derived family of antioxidants. They are known to exert multifarious impact on neuroprotection via directly suppressing ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production or indirectly increasing the dopamine levels and activating the glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari. Iran
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea. Romania
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Oyibo A, Gbadegesin MA, Odunola OA. Ethanol extract of Vitellaria paradoxa (Gaertn, F) leaves protects against sodium arsenite - induced toxicity in male wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:774-784. [PMID: 33854955 PMCID: PMC8027566 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The inadvertent exposure to arsenic has been associated with diverse diseases such as cancers. Vitellaria paradoxa is a medicinal plant with antidiabetic and antiproliferative properties. Here, we assessed the ameliorative role of Ethanol Leaf extract of Vitellaria paradoxa (ELVp) in Sodium Arsenite (SA) - induced toxicity in rats after oral treatment for two weeks as follows: Group 1 (Control, distilled water), Group 2 (Vitamin E, 100 mg/kg), Groups 3 and 4 (ELVp, 100 & 200 mg/kg respectively), Group 5 (SA, 2.5 mg/kg), Group 6 (SA + Vit E) and Group 7 (SA + ELVp (100 mg/kg) and Group 8 (SA + ELVp (200 mg/kg). The results indicated that SA significantly increased liver and kidney function markers and elevated platelet, white blood cell (WBC) count and malondialdehyde levels in rats. Additionally, SA decreased Red Blood Cell (RBC), Hemoglobin (HGB) and Hematocrit (HCT) levels in rats (p < 0.05). Sodium arsenite caused mild expression of BCL-2 protein> NF-Kb = p53 in the kidney of rats. However, ELVp ameliorated SA-induced toxicity in the liver and kidney of rats with respect to these markers. Overall, ELVp has hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and apoptotic properties against sodium arsenite-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghogho Oyibo
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael A. Gbadegesin
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oyeronke A. Odunola
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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