1
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Mayfield JM, Hitefield NL, Czajewski I, Vanhye L, Holden L, Morava E, van Aalten DMF, Wells L. O-GlcNAc Transferase Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (OGT-CDG): Potential mechanistic targets revealed by evaluating the OGT interactome. J Biol Chem 2024:107599. [PMID: 39059494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is the sole enzyme responsible for the post-translational modification O-GlcNAc on thousands of target nucleocytoplasmic proteins. To date, nine variants of OGT that segregate with OGT Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (OGT-CDG) have been reported and characterized. Numerous additional variants have been associated with OGT-CDG, some of which are currently undergoing investigation. This disorder primarily presents with global developmental delay and intellectual disability (ID), alongside other variable neurological features and subtle facial dysmorphisms in patients. Several hypotheses aim to explain the etiology of OGT-CDG, with a prominent hypothesis attributing the pathophysiology of OGT-CDG to mutations segregating with this disorder disrupting the OGT interactome. The OGT interactome consists of thousands of proteins, including substrates as well as interactors that require noncatalytic functions of OGT. A key aim in the field is to identify which interactors and substrates contribute to the primarily neural-specific phenotype of OGT-CDG. In this review, we will discuss the heterogenous phenotypic features of OGT-CDG seen clinically, the variable biochemical effects of mutations associated with OGT-CDG, and the use of animal models to understand this disorder. Furthermore, we will discuss how previously identified OGT interactors causal for ID provide mechanistic targets for investigation that could explain the dysregulated gene expression seen in OGT-CDG models. Identifying shared or unique altered pathways impacted in OGT-CDG patients will provide a better understanding of the disorder as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan M Mayfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30605, United States of America
| | - Naomi L Hitefield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30605, United States of America
| | - Ignacy Czajewski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Lotte Vanhye
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Laura Holden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30605, United States of America
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, DK.
| | - Lance Wells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30605, United States of America.
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2
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Zhang CC, Li Y, Jiang CY, Le QM, Liu X, Ma L, Wang FF. O-GlcNAcylation mediates H 2O 2-induced apoptosis through regulation of STAT3 and FOXO1. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:714-727. [PMID: 38191912 PMCID: PMC10943090 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a critical post-translational modification that couples the external stimuli to intracellular signal transduction networks. However, the critical protein targets of O-GlcNAcylation in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that treatment with H2O2 inhibited O-GlcNAcylation, impaired cell viability, increased the cleaved caspase 3 and accelerated apoptosis of neuroblastoma N2a cells. The O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) inhibitor OSMI-1 or the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet-G enhanced or inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis, respectively. The total and phosphorylated protein levels, as well as the promoter activities of signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3) and Forkhead box protein O 1 (FOXO1) were suppressed by OSMI-1. In contrast, overexpressing OGT or treating with Thiamet-G increased the total protein levels of STAT3 and FOXO1. Overexpression of STAT3 or FOXO1 abolished OSMI-1-induced apoptosis. Whereas the anti-apoptotic effect of OGT and Thiamet-G in H2O2-treated cells was abolished by either downregulating the expression or activity of endogenous STAT3 or FOXO1. These results suggest that STAT3 or FOXO1 are the potential targets of O-GlcNAcylation involved in the H2O2-induced apoptosis of N2a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Research Unit of Addiction Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Research Unit of Addiction Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chang-You Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Research Unit of Addiction Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiu-Min Le
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Research Unit of Addiction Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Research Unit of Addiction Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lan Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Research Unit of Addiction Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei-Fei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Research Unit of Addiction Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai, 200032, China.
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3
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Dupas T, Lauzier B, McGraw S. O-GlcNAcylation: the sweet side of epigenetics. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:49. [PMID: 38093337 PMCID: PMC10720106 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Histones display a wide variety of post-translational modifications, including acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation. These epigenetic modifications can influence chromatin structure and function without altering the DNA sequence. Histones can also undergo post-translational O-GlcNAcylation, a rather understudied modification that plays critical roles in almost all biological processes and is added and removed by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase and O-GlcNAcase, respectively. This review provides a current overview of our knowledge of how O-GlcNAcylation impacts the histone code both directly and by regulating other chromatin modifying enzymes. This highlights the pivotal emerging role of O-GlcNAcylation as an essential epigenetic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dupas
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard‑Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Benjamin Lauzier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, L'institut du Thorax, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Serge McGraw
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard‑Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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4
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Alteen MG, Meek RW, Kolappan S, Busmann JA, Cao J, O’Gara Z, Chou Y, Derda R, Davies GJ, Vocadlo DJ. Phage display uncovers a sequence motif that drives polypeptide binding to a conserved regulatory exosite of O-GlcNAc transferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303690120. [PMID: 37819980 PMCID: PMC10589721 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303690120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of nucleocytoplasmic proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important regulator of cell physiology. O-GlcNAc is installed on over a thousand proteins by just one enzyme, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). How OGT is regulated is therefore a topic of interest. To gain insight into these questions, we used OGT to perform phage display selection from an unbiased library of ~109 peptides of 15 amino acids in length. Following rounds of selection and deep mutational panning, we identified a high-fidelity peptide consensus sequence, [Y/F]-x-P-x-Y-x-[I/M/F], that drives peptide binding to OGT. Peptides containing this sequence bind to OGT in the high nanomolar to low micromolar range and inhibit OGT in a noncompetitive manner with low micromolar potencies. X-ray structural analyses of OGT in complex with a peptide containing this motif surprisingly revealed binding to an exosite proximal to the active site of OGT. This structure defines the detailed molecular basis driving peptide binding and explains the need for specific residues within the sequence motif. Analysis of the human proteome revealed this motif within 52 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Collectively, these data suggest a mode of regulation of OGT by which polypeptides can bind to this exosite to cause allosteric inhibition of OGT through steric occlusion of its active site. We expect that these insights will drive improved understanding of the regulation of OGT within cells and enable the development of new chemical tools to exert fine control over OGT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Alteen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Richard W. Meek
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Subramania Kolappan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jil A. Busmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jessica Cao
- 48 Hour Discovery, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Edmonton, ABT6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Zoe O’Gara
- 48 Hour Discovery, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Edmonton, ABT6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Ying Chou
- 48 Hour Discovery, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Edmonton, ABT6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Ratmir Derda
- 48 Hour Discovery, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Edmonton, ABT6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
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5
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Shin H, Leung A, Costello KR, Senapati P, Kato H, Moore RE, Lee M, Lin D, Tang X, Pirrotte P, Bouman Chen Z, Schones DE. Inhibition of DNMT1 methyltransferase activity via glucose-regulated O-GlcNAcylation alters the epigenome. eLife 2023; 12:e85595. [PMID: 37470704 PMCID: PMC10390045 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA methyltransferase activity of DNMT1 is vital for genomic maintenance of DNA methylation. We report here that DNMT1 function is regulated by O-GlcNAcylation, a protein modification that is sensitive to glucose levels, and that elevated O-GlcNAcylation of DNMT1 from high glucose environment leads to alterations to the epigenome. Using mass spectrometry and complementary alanine mutation experiments, we identified S878 as the major residue that is O-GlcNAcylated on human DNMT1. Functional studies in human and mouse cells further revealed that O-GlcNAcylation of DNMT1-S878 results in an inhibition of methyltransferase activity, resulting in a general loss of DNA methylation that preferentially occurs at partially methylated domains (PMDs). This loss of methylation corresponds with an increase in DNA damage and apoptosis. These results establish O-GlcNAcylation of DNMT1 as a mechanism through which the epigenome is regulated by glucose metabolism and implicates a role for glycosylation of DNMT1 in metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon Shin
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Amy Leung
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Kevin R Costello
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Parijat Senapati
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Roger E Moore
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center DuarteDuarteUnited States
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Dimitri Lin
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Xiaofang Tang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center DuarteDuarteUnited States
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research InstitutePhoenixUnited States
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Dustin E Schones
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
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6
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Gasparella M, Cenzi C, Piccione M, Madia VN, Di Santo R, Tudino V, Artico M, Taurone S, De Ponte C, Costi R, Di Liddo R. Effects of Modified Glucosamine on the Chondrogenic Potential of Circulating Stem Cells under Experimental Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10397. [PMID: 37373540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosamine (GlcN) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) constituent in connective tissues. It is naturally produced by our body or consumed from diets. In the last decade, in vitro and in vivo trials have demonstrated that the administration of GlcN or its derivates has a protective effect on cartilage when the balance between catabolic and anabolic processes is disrupted and cells are no longer able to fully compensate for the loss of collagen and proteoglycans. To date, these benefits are still controversial because the mechanism of action of GlcN is not yet well clarified. In this study, we have characterized the biological activities of an amino acid (AA) derivate of GlcN, called DCF001, in the growth and chondrogenic induction of circulating multipotent stem cells (CMCs) after priming with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), a pleiotropic cytokine commonly expressed in chronic inflammatory joint diseases. In the present work, stem cells were isolated from the human peripheral blood of healthy donors. After priming with TNFα (10 ng/mL) for 3 h, cultures were treated for 24 h with DCF001 (1 μg/mL) dissolved in a proliferative (PM) or chondrogenic (CM) medium. Cell proliferation was analyzed using a Corning® Cell Counter and trypan blue exclusion technique. To evaluate the potentialities of DCF001 in counteracting the inflammatory response to TNFα, we measured the amount of extracellular ATP (eATP) and the expression of adenosine-generating enzymes CD39/CD73, TNFα receptors, and NF-κB inhibitor IκBα using flow cytometry. Finally, total RNA was extracted to perform a gene expression study of some chondrogenic differentiation markers (COL2A1, RUNX2, and MMP13). Our analysis has shed light on the ability of DCF001 to (a) regulate the expression of CD39, CD73, and TNF receptors; (b) modulate eATP under differentiative induction; (c) enhance the inhibitory activity of IκBα, reducing its phosphorylation after TNFα stimulation; and (d) preserve the chondrogenic potentialities of stem cells. Although preliminary, these results suggest that DCF001 could be a valuable supplement for ameliorating the outcome of cartilage repair interventions, enhancing the efficacy of endogenous stem cells under inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gasparella
- Local Health Unit Treviso, Department of Pediatric Surgery, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Carola Cenzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Piccione
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Noemi Madia
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Santo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Tudino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Samanta Taurone
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences-Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Ponte
- Department of Sensory Organs, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Costi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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7
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Griffin ME, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Tools for mammalian glycoscience research. Cell 2022; 185:2657-2677. [PMID: 35809571 PMCID: PMC9339253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular carbohydrates or glycans are critical mediators of biological function. Their remarkably diverse structures and varied activities present exciting opportunities for understanding many areas of biology. In this primer, we discuss key methods and recent breakthrough technologies for identifying, monitoring, and manipulating glycans in mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Linda C. Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 92115, USA,Correspondence: (L.C.H.W.)
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8
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Fenckova M, Muha V, Mariappa D, Catinozzi M, Czajewski I, Blok LER, Ferenbach AT, Storkebaum E, Schenck A, van Aalten DMF. Intellectual disability-associated disruption of O-GlcNAc cycling impairs habituation learning in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010159. [PMID: 35500025 PMCID: PMC9140282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible co-/post-translational modification involved in a multitude of cellular processes. The addition and removal of the O-GlcNAc modification is controlled by two conserved enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (OGA). Mutations in OGT have recently been discovered to cause a novel Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (OGT-CDG) that is characterized by intellectual disability. The mechanisms by which OGT-CDG mutations affect cognition remain unclear. We manipulated O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAc hydrolase activity in Drosophila and demonstrate an important role of O-GlcNAcylation in habituation learning and synaptic development at the larval neuromuscular junction. Introduction of patient-specific missense mutations into Drosophila O-GlcNAc transferase using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing leads to deficits in locomotor function and habituation learning. The habituation deficit can be corrected by blocking O-GlcNAc hydrolysis, indicating that OGT-CDG mutations affect cognition-relevant habituation via reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation. This study establishes a critical role for O-GlcNAc cycling and disrupted O-GlcNAc transferase activity in cognitive dysfunction, and suggests that blocking O-GlcNAc hydrolysis is a potential strategy to treat OGT-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Fenckova
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Villo Muha
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Mariappa
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Marica Catinozzi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ignacy Czajewski
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E. R. Blok
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Andrew T. Ferenbach
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Storkebaum
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Daan M. F. van Aalten
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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9
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Abstract
Post-translational modification with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a process referred to as O-GlcNAcylation, occurs on a vast variety of proteins. Mounting evidence in the past several decades has clearly demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation is a unique and ubiquitous modification. Reminiscent of a code, protein O-GlcNAcylation functions as a crucial regulator of nearly all cellular processes studied. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the developments in our understanding of myriad protein substrates modified by O-GlcNAcylation from a systems perspective. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive survey of O-GlcNAcylation in multiple species studied, including eukaryotes (e.g., protists, fungi, plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, murine, and human), prokaryotes, and some viruses. We evaluate features (e.g., structural properties and sequence motifs) of O-GlcNAc modification on proteins across species. Given that O-GlcNAcylation functions in a species-, tissue-/cell-, protein-, and site-specific manner, we discuss the functional roles of O-GlcNAcylation on human proteins. We focus particularly on several classes of relatively well-characterized human proteins (including transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and E3 ubiquitin-ligases), with representative O-GlcNAc site-specific functions presented. We hope the systems view of the great endeavor in the past 35 years will help demystify the O-GlcNAc code and lead to more fascinating studies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Chunyan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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10
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Bora S, Shankarrao Adole P. Carbonyl stress in diabetics with acute coronary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 520:78-86. [PMID: 34090879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) are increasing worldwide bringing with it a significantly higher rate of complications. Various mechanisms such as carbonyl stress, polyol pathway, oxidative stress, hexosamine pathways, diacylglycerol/protein kinase-C activation, etc., are responsible for the pathogenesis of DM and its complications. Persistent hyperglycaemia and inhibition of metabolising and detoxifying enzymes lead to the excessive synthesis of carbonyl compounds such as methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone, resulting in carbonyl stress. The substrates, metabolizing and detoxifying enzymes of carbonyl compounds are discussed. The mechanistic roles of carbonyl compounds and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, thrombogenicity, and endothelial dysfunction in animal and cell culture model of DM and patients with DM are summarised. Because of the essential role of carbonyl stress, therapeutics are aimed at scavenging, metabolizing, detoxifying, and inhibiting carbonyl compounds or AGEs so that their harmful effects are minimized. Clinically used drugs, plants extracts and miscellaneous chemical with antiglycation properties are used in an animal model of DM to alleviates the impact of carbonyl compounds. Extensive clinical trials with derivatisation of available antiglycation agents to increase the bioavailability and decrease side effects are warranted further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Bora
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605 006, India
| | - Prashant Shankarrao Adole
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605 006, India.
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11
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O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAc Cycling Regulate Gene Transcription: Emerging Roles in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071666. [PMID: 33916244 PMCID: PMC8037238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification (PTM) linking nutrient flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) to gene transcription. Mounting experimental and clinical data implicates aberrant O-GlcNAcylation in the development and progression of cancer. Herein, we discuss how alteration of O-GlcNAc-regulated transcriptional mechanisms leads to atypical gene expression in cancer. We discuss the challenges associated with studying O-GlcNAc function and present several new approaches for studies of O-GlcNAc-regulated transcription. Abstract O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar post-translational modification (PTM) of intracellular proteins linking nutrient flux through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) to the control of cis-regulatory elements in the genome. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is associated with the development, progression, and alterations in gene expression in cancer. O-GlcNAc cycling is defined as the addition and subsequent removal of the modification by O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) provides a novel method for cells to regulate various aspects of gene expression, including RNA polymerase function, epigenetic dynamics, and transcription factor activity. We will focus on the complex relationship between phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation in the regulation of the RNA Polymerase II (RNAP II) pre-initiation complex and the regulation of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNAP II via the synchronous actions of OGT, OGA, and kinases. Additionally, we discuss how O-GlcNAcylation of TATA-box binding protein (TBP) alters cellular metabolism. Next, in a non-exhaustive manner, we will discuss the current literature on how O-GlcNAcylation drives gene transcription in cancer through changes in transcription factor or chromatin remodeling complex functions. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges associated with studying O-GlcNAcylation and present several new approaches for studying O-GlcNAc regulated transcription that will advance our understanding of the role of O-GlcNAc in cancer.
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12
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Li J, Chen Y, Gu W, Xu F, Li H, Shan S, Sun X, Yin M, Yang G, Chen L. Characterization of a common carp intelectin gene with bacterial binding and agglutination activity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 108:32-41. [PMID: 33249124 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intelectin (ITLN) is a type of glycan-binding lectin involved in many physiological processes and some human diseases. Here we report a common carp intelectin (cITLN). Like other orthologs, cITLN also contains a conserved fibrinogen-related domain (FReD) and a unique intelectin domain, expresses in all the tissues tested with the highest level in the hindgut, and responds to bacterial challenge in the acute phase. We also expressed cITLN in Escherichia coli (E. coli) system, and the purified recombinant cITLN could neither affect the surface of bacteria nor inhibit the growth of bacteria, but it can agglutinate both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in a calcium-dependent manner. The cITLN's ability of agglutination of gram-positive bacteria is stronger than that of gram-negative bacteria. This is probably because recombinant cITLN could binding peptidoglycan (PGN) with a higher degree to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results of cITLN provided new insight into the function of intelectin in the intestinal mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Yanru Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Wei Gu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Microecological Preparation, Shandong Baolai-Leelai Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, No.28th, Chuangye Street, Taishan District, Tai'an, 271000, PR China
| | - Fojiao Xu
- Ramon V. del Rosario College of Business, G/F Faculty Center, 2401 Taft Avenue, 1004, Manila, Philippines
| | - Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Shijuan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Miao Yin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
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13
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Wang X, Lin Y, Liu S, Zhu Y, Lu K, Broering R, Lu M. O-GlcNAcylation modulates HBV replication through regulating cellular autophagy at multiple levels. FASEB J 2020; 34:14473-14489. [PMID: 32892442 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001168rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a form of posttranslational modification, and serves various functions, including modulation of location, stability, and activity for the modified proteins. O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies the cellular proteins with O-GlcNAc moiety. Early studies reported that the decreased O-GlcNAcylation regulates cellular autophagy, a process relevant for hepatitis B virus replication (HBV) and assembly. Therefore, we addressed the question how O-GlcNAcylation regulates cellular autophagy and HBV replication. Inhibition of OGT activity with a small molecule inhibitor OSMI-1 or silencing OGT significantly enhanced HBV replication and HBsAg production in hepatoma cells and primary human hepatocytes (PHHs). Western blotting analysis showed that inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cellular autophagy, two processes subsequently leading to enhanced HBV replication. Importantly, the numbers of autophagosomes and the levels of autophagic markers LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62 in hepatoma cells were elevated after inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation. Further analysis revealed that inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation blocked autophagosome-lysosome fusion and thereby prevented autophagic degradation of HBV virions and proteins. Moreover, OSMI-1 further promoted HBV replication by inducing autophagosome formation via inhibiting the O-GlcNAcylation of Akt and mTOR. In conclusion, decreased O-GlcNAcylation enhanced HBV replication through increasing autophagosome formation at multiple levels, including triggering ER-stress, Akt/mTOR inhibition, and blockade of autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Wang
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yong Lin
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi Liu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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14
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Alteen MG, Gros C, Meek RW, Cardoso DA, Busmann JA, Sangouard G, Deen MC, Tan H, Shen DL, Russell CC, Davies GJ, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A, Vocadlo DJ. A Direct Fluorescent Activity Assay for Glycosyltransferases Enables Convenient High‐Throughput Screening: Application to
O
‐GlcNAc Transferase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Alteen
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Christina Gros
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Richard W. Meek
- York Structural Biology Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of York York YO10 5DD UK
| | - David A. Cardoso
- Children's Medical Research Institute The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Jil A. Busmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Gontran Sangouard
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Matthew C. Deen
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Hong‐Yee Tan
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - David L. Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Cecilia C. Russell
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- York Structural Biology Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of York York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- Children's Medical Research Institute The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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15
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Alteen MG, Gros C, Meek RW, Cardoso DA, Busmann JA, Sangouard G, Deen MC, Tan H, Shen DL, Russell CC, Davies GJ, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A, Vocadlo DJ. A Direct Fluorescent Activity Assay for Glycosyltransferases Enables Convenient High‐Throughput Screening: Application toO‐GlcNAc Transferase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9601-9609. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Alteen
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Christina Gros
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Richard W. Meek
- York Structural Biology LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of York York YO10 5DD UK
| | - David A. Cardoso
- Children's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Jil A. Busmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Gontran Sangouard
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Matthew C. Deen
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Hong‐Yee Tan
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - David L. Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Cecilia C. Russell
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life SciencesThe University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- York Structural Biology LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of York York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- Children's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life SciencesThe University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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16
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Liu TW, Myschyshyn M, Sinclair DA, Vocadlo DJ. A Chemical Genetic Method for Monitoring Genome-Wide Dynamics of O-GlcNAc Turnover on Chromatin-Associated Proteins. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:663-670. [PMID: 31041386 PMCID: PMC6487452 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Advances in DNA sequencing are enabling new experimental modalities for studying chromatin. One emerging area is to use high-throughput DNA sequencing to monitor dynamic changes occurring to chromatin. O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a reversible protein modification found on many chromatin-associated proteins. The mechanisms by which O-GlcNAc regulates gene transcription are of high interest. Here we use DNA precipitation methods to enable monitoring time-dependent turnover of O-GlcNAc modified proteins associated with chromatin. Using an antibody-free chemical reporter strategy to map O-GlcNAc to the genome, we performed time course metabolic feeding experiments with wild-type Drosophila larvae alongside larvae lacking O-GlcNAc hydrolase (OGA), which are accordingly unable to remove O-GlcNAc. Analysis of resulting next-generation DNA sequencing data revealed that O-GlcNAc on chromatin-associated proteins at most genomic loci is processed with a half-life in hours. Notably, loss of OGA only increases this half-life by ∼3-fold. Interestingly, a small set of genomic loci are particularly sensitive to loss of OGA. In addition to these observations and new strategies to permit monitoring turnover of O-GlcNAc on chromatin, we also detail methods for coded blinding of samples alongside new normalization strategies to enable time-resolved, genome-wide analyses using chemical genetic methods. We envision these general methods will be applicable to diverse protein and nucleic acid modifications.
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17
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Abstract
In the early 1980s, while using purified glycosyltransferases to probe glycan structures on surfaces of living cells in the murine immune system, we discovered a novel form of serine/threonine protein glycosylation (O-linked β-GlcNAc; O-GlcNAc) that occurs on thousands of proteins within the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Prior to this discovery, it was dogma that protein glycosylation was restricted to the luminal compartments of the secretory pathway and on extracellular domains of membrane and secretory proteins. Work in the last 3 decades from several laboratories has shown that O-GlcNAc cycling serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate signaling, transcription, mitochondrial activity, and cytoskeletal functions. O-GlcNAc also has extensive cross-talk with phosphorylation, not only at the same or proximal sites on polypeptides, but also by regulating each other's enzymes that catalyze cycling of the modifications. O-GlcNAc is generally not elongated or modified. It cycles on and off polypeptides in a time scale similar to phosphorylation, and both the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc, the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), are highly conserved from C. elegans to humans. Both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes are essential in mammals and plants. Due to O-GlcNAc's fundamental roles as a nutrient and stress sensor, it plays an important role in the etiologies of chronic diseases of aging, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. This review will present an overview of our current understanding of O-GlcNAc's regulation, functions, and roles in chronic diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Hart
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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18
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Constable S, Lim JM, Vaidyanathan K, Wells L. O-GlcNAc transferase regulates transcriptional activity of human Oct4. Glycobiology 2018; 27:927-937. [PMID: 28922739 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Addition of this modification, by the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), is dynamic and inducible. One major class of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc is transcription factors. O-GlcNAc regulates transcription factor properties through a variety of different mechanisms including localization, stability and transcriptional activation. Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The action of Oct4 is modulated by the addition of several post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAc. Previous studies in mice found a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation. This study was designed to determine if this mechanism is conserved in humans. We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. Additionally, we uncovered a potential new role for OGT that does not include its catalytic function. These results confirm that human Oct4 activity is being regulated by OGT by a mechanism that is distinct from mouse Oct4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandii Constable
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jae-Min Lim
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-773, South Korea
| | - Krithika Vaidyanathan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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19
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Gélinas R, Dontaine J, Horman S, Beauloye C, Bultot L, Bertrand L. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and O-GlcNAcylation, Two Partners Tightly Connected to Regulate Key Cellular Processes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:519. [PMID: 30271380 PMCID: PMC6146136 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important cellular energy sensor. Its activation under energetic stress is known to activate energy-producing pathways and to inactivate energy-consuming pathways, promoting ATP preservation and cell survival. AMPK has been shown to play protective role in many pathophysiological processes including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Its action is multi-faceted and comprises short-term regulation of enzymes by direct phosphorylation as well as long-term adaptation via control of transcription factors and cellular events such as autophagy. During the last decade, several studies underline the particular importance of the interaction between AMPK and the post-translational modification called O-GlcNAcylation. O-GlcNAcylation means the O-linked attachment of a single N-acetylglucosamine moiety on serine or threonine residues. O-GlcNAcylation plays a role in multiple physiological cellular processes but is also associated with the development of various diseases. The first goal of the present review is to present the tight molecular relationship between AMPK and enzymes regulating O-GlcNAcylation. We then draw the attention of the reader on the putative importance of this interaction in different pathophysiological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselle Gélinas
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justine Dontaine
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Bultot
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Luc Bertrand
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20
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Lopez Aguilar A, Gao Y, Hou X, Lauvau G, Yates JR, Wu P. Profiling of Protein O-GlcNAcylation in Murine CD8 + Effector- and Memory-like T Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:3031-3038. [PMID: 29125738 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During an acute infection, antigenic stimulation leads to activation, expansion, and differentiation of naïve CD8+ T cells, first into cytotoxic effector cells and eventually into long-lived memory cells. T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) detect antigens on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the form of antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I)-encoded molecules and initiate TCR signal transduction network. This process is mediated by phosphorylation of many intracellular signaling proteins. Protein O-GlcNAc modification is another post-translational modification involved in this process, which often has either reciprocal or synergistic roles with phosphorylation. In this study, using a chemoenzymatic glycan labeling technique and proteomics analysis, we compared protein O-GlcNAcylation of murine effector and memory-like CD8+ T cells differentiated in vitro. By quantitative proteomics analysis, we identified 445 proteins that are significantly regulated in either effector- or memory-like T cell subsets. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative analysis identified highly regulated protein clusters that suggest involvement of this post-translational modification in specific cellular processes. In effector-like T cells, protein O-GlcNAcylation is heavily involved in transcriptional and translational processes that drive fast effector T cells proliferation. During the formation of memory-like T cells, protein O-GlcNAcylation is involved in a more specific, perhaps more targeted regulation of transcription, mRNA processing, and translation. Significantly, O-GlcNAc plays a critical role as part of the "histone code" in both CD8+ T cells subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aime Lopez Aguilar
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yu Gao
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Hou
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gregoire Lauvau
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - John R. Yates
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Peng Wu
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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21
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Hernández-Sánchez F, Guzmán-Beltrán S, Herrera MT, Gonzalez Y, Salgado M, Fabian G, Torres M. High glucose induces O-GlcNAc glycosylation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in THP1 cells and in human macrophages derived from monocytes. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:1065-1074. [PMID: 28710799 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia increases the carbon flux through the hexosamine pathway, allowing the accumulation of UDP-GlcNAc. UDP-GlcNAc is the sugar donor for the enzyme-mediated protein glycosylation event known as OGlcNAcylation. This posttranslational modification targets several transcription factors implicated in glucose toxicity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Vitamin D plays an important role in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion through transcriptional mechanisms mediated by its receptor (VDR). Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with higher susceptibility to bacterial diseases in diabetic patients. However, it has not been explored whether VDR is subject to OGlcNAcylation or whether high glucose affects its transcriptional or biological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyperglycemia on VDR OGlcNAcylation and its effects on vitamin D-mediated transcription. We predicted potential OGlcNAcylation sites using free software. Our results showed that hyperglycemia (30 mM) induces the OGlcNAcylation of VDR in THP1 cells and in human macrophages derived from monocytes (MDM). This condition did not hamper the vitamin D-dependent activation of LL-37 gene expression, and even did not impair the macrophage bactericidal activity. Our study provides new insight into vitamin D receptor posttranslational modification that may have relevance on the physiological responses of long-term hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Hernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City, Mexico, 1408
| | - Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City, Mexico, 1408
| | - María Teresa Herrera
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City, Mexico, 1408
| | - Yolanda Gonzalez
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City, Mexico, 1408
| | - Manuel Salgado
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City, Mexico, 1408
| | - Guadalupe Fabian
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City, Mexico, 1408
| | - Martha Torres
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City, Mexico, 1408
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22
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Lim JM, Wollaston-Hayden EE, Teo CF, Hausman D, Wells L. Quantitative secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin resistance. Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:20. [PMID: 24948903 PMCID: PMC4055909 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is both an energy storage depot and an endocrine organ. The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. The elevation of global O-GlcNAc levels is associated with the altered expression of many adipocytokines. We have previously characterized the rodent adipocyte secretome during insulin sensitive and insulin resistant conditions. Here, we characterize and quantify the secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels. Using a proteomic approach, we identify 190 secreted proteins and report a total of 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions. Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. We identify 91 N-glycosylation sites derived from 51 secreted proteins, as well as 155 and 29 released N- and O-glycans respectively. We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. Thus, our data support that the O-GlcNAc modification is involved in the regulation of adipocytokine secretion upon the induction of insulin resistance in human adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Lim
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, 30602-4712 Athens, Georgia ; Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, 30602 Athens, Georgia ; Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-773, South Korea
| | - Edith E Wollaston-Hayden
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, 30602-4712 Athens, Georgia ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, 30602 Athens, Georgia
| | - Chin Fen Teo
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, 30602-4712 Athens, Georgia ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, 30602 Athens, Georgia
| | - Dorothy Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 30602 Athens, Georgia
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, 30602-4712 Athens, Georgia ; Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, 30602 Athens, Georgia ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, 30602 Athens, Georgia
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Wollaston-Hayden EE, Harris RBS, Liu B, Bridger R, Xu Y, Wells L. Global O-GlcNAc Levels Modulate Transcription of the Adipocyte Secretome during Chronic Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:223. [PMID: 25657638 PMCID: PMC4302944 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and the corresponding increase in intracellular glycosylation of proteins via O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is sufficient to induce insulin resistance (IR) in multiple systems. Previously, our group used shotgun proteomics to identify multiple rodent adipocytokines and secreted proteins whose levels are modulated upon the induction of IR by indirectly and directly modulating O-GlcNAc levels. We have validated the relative levels of several of these factors using immunoblotting. Since adipocytokines levels are regulated primarily at the level of transcription and O-GlcNAc alters the function of many transcription factors, we hypothesized that elevated O-GlcNAc levels on key transcription factors are modulating secreted protein expression. Here, we show that upon the elevation of O-GlcNAc levels and the induction of IR in mature 3T3-F442a adipocytes, the transcript levels of multiple secreted proteins reflect the modulation observed at the protein level. We validate the transcript levels in male mouse models of diabetes. Using inguinal fat pads from the severely IR db/db mouse model and the mildly IR diet-induced mouse model, we have confirmed that the secreted proteins regulated by O-GlcNAc modulation in cell culture are likewise modulated in the whole animal upon a shift to IR. By comparing the promoters of similarly regulated genes, we determine that Sp1 is a common cis-acting element. Furthermore, we show that the LPL and SPARC promoters are enriched for Sp1 and O-GlcNAc modified proteins during insulin resistance in adipocytes. Thus, the O-GlcNAc modification of proteins bound to promoters, including Sp1, is linked to adipocytokine transcription during insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith E. Wollaston-Hayden
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ruth B. S. Harris
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bingqiang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert Bridger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- *Correspondence: Lance Wells, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA e-mail:
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Khoushab F, Yamabhai M. Chitin research revisited. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:1988-2012. [PMID: 20714419 PMCID: PMC2920538 DOI: 10.3390/md8071988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two centuries after the discovery of chitin, it is widely accepted that this biopolymer is an important biomaterial in many aspects. Numerous studies on chitin have focused on its biomedical applications. In this review, various aspects of chitin research including sources, structure, biosynthesis, chitinolytic enzyme, chitin binding protein, genetic engineering approach to produce chitin, chitin and evolution, and a wide range of applications in bio- and nanotechnology will be dealt with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feisal Khoushab
- School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; E-Mail:
| | - Montarop Yamabhai
- School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; E-Mail:
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