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Alsayed RKME, Sheikhan KSAM, Alam MA, Buddenkotte J, Steinhoff M, Uddin S, Ahmad A. Epigenetic programing of cancer stemness by transcription factors-non-coding RNAs interactions. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:74-83. [PMID: 37054905 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer 'stemness' is fundamental to cancer existence. It defines the ability of cancer cells to indefinitely perpetuate as well as differentiate. Cancer stem cell populations within a growing tumor also help evade the inhibitory effects of chemo- as well as radiation-therapies, in addition to playing an important role in cancer metastases. NF-κB and STAT-3 are representative transcription factors (TFs) that have long been associated with cancer stemness, thus presenting as attractive targets for cancer therapy. The growing interest in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the recent years has provided further insight into the mechanisms by which TFs influence cancer stem cell characteristics. There is evidence for a direct regulation of TFs by ncRNAs, such as, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as well as circular RNAs (circRNAs), and vice versa. Additionally, the TF-ncRNAs regulations are often indirect, involving ncRNA-target genes or the sponging of other ncRNA species by individual ncRNAs. The information is rapidly evolving and this review provides a comprehensive review of TF-ncRNAs interactions with implications on cancer stemness and in response to therapies. Such knowledge will help uncover the many levels of tight regulations that control cancer stemness, providing novel opportunities and targets for therapy in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khaled M E Alsayed
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | | | - Majid Ali Alam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Jorg Buddenkotte
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Medical School, Doha, 24144, Qatar; Dept. of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar.
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Khan SU, Fatima K, Aisha S, Hamza B, Malik F. Redox balance and autophagy regulation in cancer progression and their therapeutic perspective. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:12. [PMID: 36352310 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cellular ROS production participates in various cellular functions but its accumulation decides the cell fate. Malignant cells have higher levels of ROS and active antioxidant machinery, a characteristic hallmark of cancer with an outcome of activation of stress-induced pathways like autophagy. Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process that produces alternative raw materials to meet the energy demand of cells and is influenced by the cellular redox state thus playing a definite role in cancer cell fate. Since damaged mitochondria are the main source of ROS in the cell, however, cancer cells remove them by upregulating the process of mitophagy which is known to play a decisive role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Chemotherapy exploits cell machinery which results in the accumulation of toxic levels of ROS in cells resulting in cell death by activating either of the pathways like apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis or autophagy in them. So understanding these redox and autophagy regulations offers a promising method to design and develop new cancer therapies that can be very effective and durable for years. This review will give a summary of the current therapeutic molecules targeting redox regulation and autophagy for the treatment of cancer. Further, it will highlight various challenges in developing anticancer agents due to autophagy and ROS regulation in the cell and insights into the development of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ullah Khan
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sanat Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sanat Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shariqa Aisha
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Baseerat Hamza
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sanat Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Iron: Not Just a Passive Bystander in AITD. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214682. [PMID: 36364944 PMCID: PMC9658435 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most prevalent autoimmune disease all over the world and the most frequent cause of hypothyroidism in areas of iodine sufficiency. The pathogenesis of AITD is multifactorial and depends on complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, with epigenetics being the crucial link. Iron deficiency (ID) can reduce the activities of thyroid peroxidase and 5′-deiodinase, inhibit binding of triiodothyronine to its nuclear receptor, and cause slower utilization of T3 from the serum pool. Moreover, ID can disturb the functioning of the immune system, increasing the risk of autoimmune disorders. ID can be responsible for residual symptoms that may persist in patients with AITD, even if their thyrometabolic status has been controlled. The human lifestyle in the 21st century is inevitably associated with exposure to chemical compounds, pathogens, and stress, which implies an increased risk of autoimmune disorders and thyroid dysfunction. To summarize, in our paper we discuss how iron deficiency can impair the functions of the immune system, cause epigenetic changes in human DNA, and potentiate tissue damage by chemicals acting as thyroid disruptors.
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Meerson A, Khatib S, Mahajna J. Natural Products Targeting Cancer Stem Cells for Augmenting Cancer Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313044. [PMID: 34884848 PMCID: PMC8657727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) have been identified in several types of solid tumors. In some cases, CSC may be the source of all the tumor cells, the cause of the tumor's resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, and the source of metastatic cells. Thus, a combination therapy targeting non-CSC tumor cells as well as specifically targeting CSCs holds the potential to be highly effective. Natural products (NPs) have been a historically rich source of biologically active compounds and are known for their ability to influence multiple signaling pathways simultaneously with negligible side effects. In this review, we discuss the potential of NPs in targeting multiple signaling pathways in CSC and their potential to augment the efficacy of standard cancer therapy. Specifically, we focus on the anti-CSC activities of flavonoids, FDA-approved drugs originating from natural sources. Additionally, we emphasize the potential of NPs in targeting microRNA-mediated signaling, given the roles of microRNA in the maintenance of the CSC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Meerson
- Department of Natural Products and Nutrition, MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; (A.M.); (S.K.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Tel Hai Academic College, Qiryat Shemona 12208, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Natural Products and Nutrition, MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; (A.M.); (S.K.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Tel Hai Academic College, Qiryat Shemona 12208, Israel
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- Department of Natural Products and Nutrition, MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; (A.M.); (S.K.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Tel Hai Academic College, Qiryat Shemona 12208, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Cai W, Yin L, Jiang H, Weizmann Y, Wang X. Intelligent Bio-Responsive Fluorescent Au-shRNA Complexes for Regulated Autophagy and Effective Cancer Bioimaging and Therapeutics. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11110425. [PMID: 34821640 PMCID: PMC8615530 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MALAT1 acts as an oncogene. RNA interference (RNAi) is an effective method to control the expression of specific genes and can be used for the treatment of tumors, but an effective and safe carrier system is a significant obstacle to gene therapy. Herein, we explored the possibility of constructing an in situ bio-responsive self-assembled fluorescent gold-short hairpin RNA nanocomplex (Au-shRNA NCs) delivery system by co-incubating gold and MALAT1-shRNA for precise hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) imaging and treatment. Due to the characteristics of the cancer microenvironment, Au-shRNA NCs self-assembled in HCC cells (HepG2) but did not occur in control cells (L02) under the same conditions. The in situ bio-responsive self-assembled Au-shRNA NCs delivery system can realize cancer cell bioimaging and promote cell uptake and endosomal escape mechanism, thereby realizing effective transfection. They effectively silenced target gene MALAT1, and with the downregulation of MALAT1, we found that several molecules involved in autophagic flux were also regulated. In vitro and tumor-bearing mouse model experiments demonstrated that the as-prepared fluorescent Au-shRNA NCs can readily realize tumor bioimaging and effectively silence the target gene MALAT1, and those autophagy-related pathway molecules were significantly downregulated, thereby exerting a tumor suppressor efficiency. This raises the possibility of realizing accurate multi-scale bio-imaging from the molecular-level with targeted gene-recognition to cancer cell imaging as well as in vivo tumor tissue imaging for the simultaneous precise cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (W.C.); (H.J.)
| | - Liang Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde 528300, China;
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (W.C.); (H.J.)
| | - Yossi Weizmann
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (W.C.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (X.W.)
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Semcheddine F, El Islem Guissi N, Liu W, Gang L, Jiang H, Wang X. Rapid and label-free cancer theranostics via in situ bio-self-assembled DNA-gold nanostructures loaded exosomes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2771-2784. [PMID: 34605844 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00880c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemically engineered nanomaterials have been extensively used in early tumor detection and cancer therapy. Despite the promise shown, their chemical or exogenous nature hinders their application due to their unknown adverse effects. Herein, using a cancer cell environment, fluorescent DNA-gold nanostructures were bio-self-assembled through simple incubation of DNA and Au solutions with cancer cells. In situ, ex vivo, bio-responsive self-assembly of ring-shaped DNA-Au nanostructures is reported for the first time. Subsequently, the exosomes released by the above-mentioned cancer cells were found to carry the self-assembled DNA-Au nanostructures, exhibiting strong in vivo dual fluorescence properties. Interestingly, these exosomes could be immediately taken up in vitro by their parent cells, reaching the nucleus within 10 min after incubation. Taking advantage of the unique endogenous properties of exosomes, and their advanced cargo delivery capacity, we further exploited the DNA-Au nanostructure loaded exosomes with mitoxantrone for accurate cancer theranostics. The in vitro and in vivo results showed that the exosomes could effectively deliver the drug cargo to cancerous cells, hence, displaying an enhanced targeting effect towards parent cancer cells, and a synergistic tumor inhibition effect, while showing great biocompatibility towards normal cells and vital organs. Hence, exosomes carrying the in situ bio-self-assembled DNA-Au nanostructures could be an outstanding delivery system for dye-free targeted cancer detection and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouk Semcheddine
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China.
| | - Nida El Islem Guissi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China.
| | - Lv Gang
- Mathematical & Physical Science School, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, P. R. China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China.
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China.
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Matsumoto Y, Fukumitsu N, Ishikawa H, Nakai K, Sakurai H. A Critical Review of Radiation Therapy: From Particle Beam Therapy (Proton, Carbon, and BNCT) to Beyond. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080825. [PMID: 34442469 PMCID: PMC8399040 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the role of particle therapy—a novel radiation therapy (RT) that has shown rapid progress and widespread use in recent years—in multidisciplinary treatment. Three types of particle therapies are currently used for cancer treatment: proton beam therapy (PBT), carbon-ion beam therapy (CIBT), and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). PBT and CIBT have been reported to have excellent therapeutic results owing to the physical characteristics of their Bragg peaks. Variable drug therapies, such as chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy, are combined in various treatment strategies, and treatment effects have been improved. BNCT has a high dose concentration for cancer in terms of nuclear reactions with boron. BNCT is a next-generation RT that can achieve cancer cell-selective therapeutic effects, and its effectiveness strongly depends on the selective 10B accumulation in cancer cells by concomitant boron preparation. Therefore, drug delivery research, including nanoparticles, is highly desirable. In this review, we introduce both clinical and basic aspects of particle beam therapy from the perspective of multidisciplinary treatment, which is expected to expand further in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Matsumoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (K.N.); (H.S.)
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-853-7100
| | | | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- National Institute of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology Hospital, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Kei Nakai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (K.N.); (H.S.)
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakurai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (K.N.); (H.S.)
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan
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Li X, Wang X, Liu G, Xu Y, Wu X, Yi R, Jin F, Sa C, Su X. Antioxidant stress and anticancer activity of peptide‑chelated selenium in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:153. [PMID: 34165159 PMCID: PMC8219521 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between selenium and peptide in gastric cancer is an important research topic. The present study reported the facile synthesis of anticancer bioactive peptide (ACBP)-functionalized selenium (ACBP-S-Se) particles with enhanced anticancer activities and a detailed mechanistic evaluation of their ability to regulate oxidative stress in vitro. Structural and chemical characterizations were revealed by ultraviolet absorption, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron, nuclear magnetic resonance carbon and hydrogen, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, as well as scanning electron microscopy. Sulfhydrylation modifications of ACBP were achieved with Sacetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride via chemical absorption. After the polypeptide was modified by sulfhydrylation, the ACBP chain was linked to sulfhydryl groups by amide bonds to form the ACBP-chelated selenium complex. Two gastric cancer cell lines (MKN-45 and MKN-74 cells) demonstrated high susceptibility to ACBP-S-Se particles and displayed significantly decreased proliferation ability following treatment. The results suggested that the bioactive peptide-chelated selenium particles effectively inhibited the proliferation of MKN-45 and MKN-74 cells in vitro. The genes encoding CDK inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), cyclin B1, thioredoxin (TXN) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 are associated with regulation of oxidative stress, while CDKN1A and TXN protect cells by decreasing oxidative stress and promoting cell growth arrest. Therefore, ACBP-S-Se may be an ideal chemotherapeutic candidate for human cancer, especially gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology in Inner Mongolia, Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xianjue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology in Inner Mongolia, Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology in Inner Mongolia, Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology in Inner Mongolia, Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - Ru Yi
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - Chula Sa
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology in Inner Mongolia, Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
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Addeo M, Di Paola G, Verma HK, Laurino S, Russi S, Zoppoli P, Falco G, Mazzone P. Gastric Cancer Stem Cells: A Glimpse on Metabolic Reprogramming. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698394. [PMID: 34249759 PMCID: PMC8262334 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most widespread causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Recently, emerging implied that gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) play an important role in the initiation and progression of GC. This subpopulation comprises cells with several features, such as self-renewal capability, high proliferating rate, and ability to modify their metabolic program, which allow them to resist current anticancer therapies. Metabolic pathway intermediates play a pivotal role in regulating cell differentiation both in tumorigenesis and during normal development. Thus, the dysregulation of both anabolic and catabolic pathways constitutes a significant opportunity to target GCSCs in order to eradicate the tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about metabolic phenotype that supports GCSC proliferation and we overview the compounds that selectively target metabolic intermediates of CSCs that can be used as a strategy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Addeo
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Di Paola
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,IEOS-CNR, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" - National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Laurino
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-centro di riferimento oncologico della basilicata (CROB), Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Sabino Russi
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-centro di riferimento oncologico della basilicata (CROB), Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-centro di riferimento oncologico della basilicata (CROB), Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Geppino Falco
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,IEOS-CNR, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" - National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-centro di riferimento oncologico della basilicata (CROB), Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Mazzone
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
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10
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Liu Q, Yang Y, Li X, Zhang S. Implications of Habitual Alcohol Intake With the Prognostic Significance of Mean Corpuscular Volume in Stage II-III Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:681406. [PMID: 34195083 PMCID: PMC8236820 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.681406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the prognostic significance of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), with implications of habitual alcohol intake in stage II-III colorectal cancer (CRC). Background MCV had the potential to become an ideal prognostic biomarker and be put into clinical application. Few studies, however, have explored whether habitual alcohol intake which greatly increased the value of MCV would affect the prognostic role of MCV. Methods Eligible patients were identified from the CRC database of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) between January 2012 and December 2013. Survival analyses were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method to evaluate the survival time distribution, and the log-rank test was used to determine the survival differences. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were built to calculate the hazard ratios of different prognostic factors. Results A total of 694 patients diagnosed with stage II-III CRC between January 2012 and December 2013 were identified from FUSCC. Low pretreatment MCV was independently associated with 72.0% increased risk of overall mortality compared with normal MCV (HR = 1.720, 95%CI =1.028-2.876, P =0.039, using normal MCV as the reference). In patients with habitual alcohol intake, however, pretreatment MCV positively correlated with the mortality (P = 0.02) and tumor recurrence (P = 0.002) after adjusting for other known prognostic factors. Conclusions In CRC patients without habitual alcohol intake, low (<80 fL) level of pretreatment MCV was a predictor of poor prognosis. In patients with habitual alcohol intake, however, pretreatment MCV showed the opposite prognostic role, which would elicit many fundamental studies to elucidate the mechanisms behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Raghav PK, Mann Z. Cancer stem cells targets and combined therapies to prevent cancer recurrence. Life Sci 2021; 277:119465. [PMID: 33831426 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) control the dynamics of tumorigenesis by self-renewal ability and differentiation potential. These properties contribute towards tumor malignancy, metastasis, cellular heterogeneity, and immune escape, which are regulated by multiple signaling pathways. The CSCs are chemoresistant and cause cancer recurrence, generally recognized as a small side-population that eventually leads to tumor relapse. Despite many treatment options available, none can be considered entirely efficient due to a lack of specificity and dose limitation. This review primarily highlights the processes involved in CSCs development and maintenance. Secondly, the current effective therapies based on stem cells, cell-free therapies that involve exosomes and miRNAs, and photodynamic therapy have been discussed. Also, the inhibitors that specifically target various signaling pathways, which can be used in combination to control CSCs kinetics have been highlighted. Conclusively, this comprehensive review is a detailed study of recently developed novel treatment strategies that will facilitate in coming up with better-targeted approaches against CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoya Mann
- Independent Researcher, New Delhi, India
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12
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Aksan A, Farrag K, Aksan S, Schroeder O, Stein J. Flipside of the Coin: Iron Deficiency and Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635899. [PMID: 33777027 PMCID: PMC7991591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, is the most frequent hematological manifestation in individuals with cancer, and is especially common in patients with colorectal cancer. Iron is a vital micronutrient that plays an essential role in many biological functions, in the context of which it has been found to be intimately linked to cancer biology. To date, however, whereas a large number of studies have comprehensively investigated and reviewed the effects of excess iron on cancer initiation and progression, potential interrelations of iron deficiency with cancer have been largely neglected and are not well-defined. Emerging evidence indicates that reduced iron intake and low systemic iron levels are associated with the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, suggesting that optimal iron intake must be carefully balanced to avoid both iron deficiency and iron excess. Since iron is vital in the maintenance of immunological functions, insufficient iron availability may enhance oncogenicity by impairing immunosurveillance for neoplastic changes and potentially altering the tumor immune microenvironment. Data from clinical studies support these concepts, showing that iron deficiency is associated with inferior outcomes and reduced response to therapy in patients with colorectal cancer. Here, we elucidate cancer-related effects of iron deficiency, examine preclinical and clinical evidence of its role in tumorigenesis, cancer progression and treatment response. and highlight the importance of adequate iron supplementation to limit these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegül Aksan
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Interdisziplinäres Crohn Colitis Centrum, Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karima Farrag
- Interdisziplinäres Crohn Colitis Centrum, Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany.,DGD Kliniken Sachsenhausen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sami Aksan
- Interdisziplinäres Crohn Colitis Centrum, Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany.,DGD Kliniken Sachsenhausen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Schroeder
- Interdisziplinäres Crohn Colitis Centrum, Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany.,DGD Kliniken Sachsenhausen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jürgen Stein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Interdisziplinäres Crohn Colitis Centrum, Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany.,DGD Kliniken Sachsenhausen, Frankfurt, Germany
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13
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Jiang ZB, Ma BQ, Feng Z, Liu SG, Gao P, Yan HT. miR-365 inhibits the progression of gallbladder carcinoma and predicts the prognosis of Gallbladder carcinoma patients. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:308-319. [PMID: 33459111 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1874694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is one of the most common fatal biliary tract tumors in the world. Its 3-year survival rate is 30% and the recurrence rate remains very high. miR-365 was downregulated in numerous tumors and worked as tumor suppressor gene. However, the role of miR-365 in GBC was unclear. In this study, our results found that the expression of miR-365 in GBC tissues was reduced rather than that in non-cancerous tissues. miR-365 overexpression inhibited the proliferation, metastasis and expansion of GBC CSCs. Mechanically, bioinformatic and luciferase reporter analysis identified Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) as a direct target of miR-365. Overexpression of miR-365 in GBC cells reduced the RAC1 mRNA and protein expression. The special RAC1 inhibitor EHop-106 abolished the discrepancy of growth, metastasis and self-renewal ability between miR-365-overexpression GBC cells and their control cells, which further demonstrated that RAC1 was involved in miR-365-disrupted GBC cells growth, metastasis and self-renewal. More importantly, reduced expression of miR-365 was a predictor of poor prognosis of GBC patients. In conclusion, miR-365 inhibited GBC cell growth, metastasis and self-renewal capacity by directly targeting RAC1, and may therefore prove to be a novel prognosis biomarker for GBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Bin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital , Gansu, China
| | - Bing-Qiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital , Gansu, China
| | - Zongfeng Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Cao County People's Hospital , Heze, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shao-Guang Liu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital , Gansu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital , Gansu, China
| | - Hui-Ting Yan
- Department of Nursing Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital , Gansu, China
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14
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Indolepropionic Acid, a Metabolite of the Microbiome, Has Cytostatic Properties in Breast Cancer by Activating AHR and PXR Receptors and Inducing Oxidative Stress. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092411. [PMID: 32854297 PMCID: PMC7565149 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncobiotic transformation of the gut microbiome may contribute to the risk of breast cancer. Recent studies have provided evidence that the microbiome secretes cytostatic metabolites that inhibit the proliferation, movement, and metastasis formation of cancer cells. In this study, we show that indolepropionic acid (IPA), a bacterial tryptophan metabolite, has cytostatic properties. IPA selectively targeted breast cancer cells, but it had no effects on non-transformed, primary fibroblasts. In cell-based and animal experiments, we showed that IPA supplementation reduced the proportions of cancer stem cells and the proliferation, movement, and metastasis formation of cancer cells. These were achieved through inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inducing oxidative and nitrosative stress, and boosting antitumor immune response. Increased oxidative/nitrosative stress was due to the IPA-mediated downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and enhanced mitochondrial reactive species production. Increased oxidative/nitrosative stress led to cytostasis and reductions in cancer cell stem-ness. IPA exerted its effects through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) receptors. A higher expression of PXR and AHR supported better survival in human breast cancer patients, highlighting the importance of IPA-elicited pathways in cytostasis in breast cancer. Furthermore, AHR activation and PXR expression related inversely to cancer cell proliferation level and to the stage and grade of the tumor. The fecal microbiome’s capacity for IPA biosynthesis was suppressed in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer, especially with stage 0. Bacterial indole biosynthesis showed correlation with lymphocyte infiltration to tumors in humans. Taken together, we found that IPA is a cytostatic bacterial metabolite, the production of which is suppressed in human breast cancer. Bacterial metabolites, among them, IPA, have a pivotal role in regulating the progression but not the initiation of the disease.
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15
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Zhang X, Wang L, Li H, Zhang L, Zheng X, Cheng W. Crosstalk between noncoding RNAs and ferroptosis: new dawn for overcoming cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:580. [PMID: 32709863 PMCID: PMC7381619 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression including proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance has become a serious hindrance to cancer therapy. This phenomenon mainly derives from the innate insensitive or acquired resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered mechanism of programmed cell death characterized by peroxidation of the lipid membrane induced by reactive oxygen species. Ferroptosis has been confirmed to eliminate cancer cells in an apoptosis-independent manner, however, the specific regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis is still unknown. The use of ferroptosis for overcoming cancer progression is limited. Noncoding RNAs have been found to play an important roles in cancer. They regulate gene expression to affect biological processes of cancer cells such as proliferation, cell cycle, and cell death. Thus far, the functions of ncRNAs in ferroptosis of cancer cells have been examined, and the specific mechanisms by which noncoding RNAs regulate ferroptosis have been partially discovered. However, there is no summary of ferroptosis associated noncoding RNAs and their functions in different cancer types. In this review, we discuss the roles of ferroptosis-associated noncoding RNAs in detail. Moreover, future work regarding the interaction between noncoding RNAs and ferroptosis is proposed, the possible obstacles are predicted and associated solutions are put forward. This review will deepen our understanding of the relationship between noncoding RNAs and ferroptosis, and provide new insights in targeting noncoding RNAs in ferroptosis associated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiulan Zheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
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16
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Aramini B, Masciale V, Haider KH. Defining lung cancer stem cells exosomal payload of miRNAs in clinical perspective. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:406-421. [PMID: 32742559 PMCID: PMC7360993 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i6.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first publication regarding the existence of stem cells in cancer [cancer stem cells (CSCs)] in 1994, many studies have been published providing in-depth information about their biology and function. This research has paved the way in terms of appreciating the role of CSCs in tumour aggressiveness, progression, recurrence and resistance to cancer therapy. Targeting CSCs for cancer therapy has still not progressed to a sufficient degree, particularly in terms of exploring the mechanism of dynamic interconversion between CSCs and non-CSCs. Besides the CSC scenario, the problem of cancer dissemination has been analyzed in-depth with the identification and isolation of microRNAs (miRs), which are now considered to be compelling molecular markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of tumours in general and specifically in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Paracrine release of miRs via “exosomes” (small membrane vesicles (30-100 nm), the derivation of which lies in the luminal membranes of multi-vesicular bodies) released by fusion with the cell membrane is gaining popularity. Whether exosomes play a significant role in maintaining a dynamic equilibrium state between CSCs and non-CSCs and their mechanism of activity is as yet unknown. Future studies on CSC-related exosomes will provide new perspectives for precision-targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Aramini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41124, Italy
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41124, Italy
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17
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lncRNA ZFAS1 Improves Neuronal Injury and Inhibits Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis by Sponging miR-582 and Upregulating NOS3 Expression in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Inflammation 2020; 43:1337-1350. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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18
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Wang M, Chen Y, Cai W, Feng H, Du T, Liu W, Jiang H, Pasquarelli A, Weizmann Y, Wang X. In situ self-assembling Au-DNA complexes for targeted cancer bioimaging and inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:308-316. [PMID: 31843938 PMCID: PMC6955332 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915512116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases to treat. For accurate cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy, it is important to assess the localization of the affected area of cancers. The general approaches for cancer diagnostics include pathological assessments and imaging. However, these methods only generally assess the tumor area. In this study, by taking advantage of the unique microenvironment of cancers, we effectively utilize in situ self-assembled biosynthetic fluorescent gold nanocluster-DNA (GNC-DNA) complexes to facilitate safe and targeted cancer theranostics. In in vitro and in vivo tumor models, our self-assembling biosynthetic approach allowed for precise bioimaging and inhibited cancer growth after one injection of DNA and gold precursors. These results demonstrate that in situ bioresponsive self-assembling GNC-PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) complexes could be an effective noninvasive technique for accurate cancer bioimaging and treatment, thus providing a safe and promising cancer theranostics platform for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Weijuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Alberto Pasquarelli
- Institute of Electron Devices and Circuits, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yossi Weizmann
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China;
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19
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Lu W, Ma YY, Shao QQ, Liang J, Qi TT, Huang Y, Wang QJ. ROS/p53/miR‑335‑5p/Sp1 axis modulates the migration and epithelial to mesenchymal transition of JEG‑3 cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:1208-1216. [PMID: 31894323 PMCID: PMC7003020 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential expression of microRNA (miR)-335-5p, a key tumor suppressor, has been detected in pre-eclampsia (PE) placentas. However, the role of miR-335-5p in the pathogenesis of PE and the factor modulating its aberrant expression remain unknown. The present study used JEG-3 cells in vitro to investigate these mechanisms. The role of miR-335-5p in proliferation, apoptosis and migration of JEG-3 cells was investigated using MTT, Annexin V-FITC/PI, Transwell migration and wound healing assays, respectively. miR-335-5p expression levels were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and p53 were assessed using western blot analysis. Cell viability analysis was performed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using a 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay. The present results suggested that miR-335-5p did not affect the proliferation or apoptotic rate of JEG-3 cells. Overexpression of miR-335-5p significantly inhibited the migration of JEG-3 cells, decreased the expression levels of Sp1, N-cadherin and Snail, and increased E-cadherin expression. Sp1 silencing produced similar results in JEG-3 cells. H2O2 significantly increased the intracellular ROS levels and miR-335-5p expression, whereas N-acetyl-cysteine pretreatment prior to H2O2 treatment reversed the increases in miR-335-5p expression. Knockdown of p53 significantly decreased the expression levels of miR-335-5p in JEG-3 cells and in H2O2-treated cells. The present results suggested that miR-335-5p expression levels in trophoblast cells could be increased by ROS in a p53-dependent manner, leading to the downregulation of Sp1 and subsequent inhibition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cell migration. The present results may provide novel evidence on the etiology of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Yan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- Central Sterile Supply Department, People's Hospital of Fangzi, Weifang, Shandong 261200, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Tong Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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20
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Targeting the SPHK1/HIF1 Pathway to Inhibit Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Niche. J Gastrointest Cancer 2019; 51:716-717. [DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Son YW, Cheon MG, Kim Y, Jang HH. Prx2 links ROS homeostasis to stemness of cancer stem cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:260-267. [PMID: 30611866 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) with low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are resistant to conventional chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) is a redox regulatory protein that plays a key role in maintaining ROS homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment. However, despite the role of Prx2 in ROS-mediated signal transduction, the association of Prx2 with stemness via ROS in CSC has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we investigated the link between Prx2 and CSC stemness through regulation of ROS levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. ROS induced CSC stemness reduction and downregulated stem cell markers in Huh7 and SK-HEP1 cells. Prx2 knockdown decreased CSC sphere formation and expression of stem cell makers with increasing intracellular ROS levels. This effect was reversed by the ROS scavengers NAC and GSH in Prx2 knockdown cells. Conversely, we found that Prx2 overexpression promotes CSC stemness and the peroxidase activity of Prx2 is essential for CSC stemness using peroxidase inactive mutant, Prx2C51/172S. More importantly, the hyperoxidation-resistant mutant (Prx2ΔYF), which has a constant ROS scavenging activity even at high concentrations of ROS, increased the CSC stemness and expression of stem cell markers more than Prx2WT under oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Prx2 links ROS homeostasis to CSC stemness; Prx2 is a mediator between ROS homeostasis and CSC stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Won Son
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Min Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yosup Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ho Hee Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.
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22
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Riemann A, Reime S, Wollny P, Sangerhausen C, Gekle M, Thews O. Expression of MicroRNAs in Fibroblasts and Macrophages Is Regulated by Hypoxia-Induced Extracellular Acidosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1072:207-211. [PMID: 30178347 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91287-5_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Under pathological conditions like inflammation, ischemia or in solid tumors, parameters of the microenvironment like local oxygenation and extracellular pH show marked changes when compared to healthy tissue. The altered microenvironment affects cellular phenotype of omnipresent fibroblasts and immune cells. Recently, the impact of the microenvironment on the expression patterns of microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression on a post-transcriptional level, was discussed. Therefore, microRNAs might be the link between altered microenvironmental parameters and changes in cellular phenotype. In this study, the effect of hypoxia-induced extracellular acidosis (24 h pH 6.6) on microRNA expression in fibroblasts and macrophages was analyzed. MicroRNAs in rat fibroblasts (NRK-49F) were examined with the miScript miRNA PCR Array and changes in the expression validated by TaqMan qPCR. Subsequently, the identified microRNAs were analyzed in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Nine out of 84 tested microRNAs were found to be acidosis-regulated in fibroblasts by miRNA PCR array, most of them up-regulated. Of those, the pH dependency could be validated by TaqMan qPCR for five of these nine microRNAs. When comparing these microRNAs in terms of their expression in macrophages, profound differences were observed. Thus, acidosis-induced alterations in the expression of microRNAs seem to be cell-type specific. Only the up-regulation of the miR-133b by low pH was seen in all normal cells, but not in tumor cells. As the identified microRNAs are involved in the regulation of proliferation, cell death and migration (amongst others), acidosis-induced changes in their expression might affect cellular behavior of fibroblasts and macrophages under pathological conditions. For instance the proto-oncogene c-Jun, which is a target of the miR-133b, was shown to be acidosis-regulated. Acidosis could regulate the biological behavior via miRNA-133b and c-Jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Riemann
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | - S Reime
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - P Wollny
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - C Sangerhausen
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - M Gekle
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - O Thews
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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23
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Maccalli C, Rasul KI, Elawad M, Ferrone S. The role of cancer stem cells in the modulation of anti-tumor immune responses. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:189-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Jiang ZB, Ma BQ, Liu SG, Li J, Yang GM, Hou YB, Si RH, Gao P, Yan HT. miR-365 regulates liver cancer stem cells via RAC1 pathway. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:55-65. [PMID: 30182377 PMCID: PMC6585981 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) were involved in tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence, and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). miR-365 was downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and inhibited HCC cell proliferation and invasion. However, the role of miR-365 in liver cancer stem cells was unknown. Herein, we observed a remarkable decrease of miR-365 expression in CD133 or EpCAM-positive liver CSCs as well as in CSC-enriched hepatoma spheres. Up-regulated miR-365 suppressed liver CSC expansion by inhibiting the dedifferentiation of hepatoma cells and decreasing the self-renewal ability of liver CSCs. Mechanistically, bioinformatic and luciferase reporter analysis identified Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) as a direct target of miR-365. Overexpression of miR-365 in hepatoma cells downregulated the RAC1 mRNA and protein expression. RAC1 also could promote the expansion of liver CSCs. The special RAC1 inhibitor EHop-106 or RAC1 overexpression abolished the discrepancy in liver CSC proportion and the self-renewal capacity between miR-365 overexpression hepatoma cells and control cells, which further confirmed that RAC1 was required in miR-365-suppressed liver CSCs expansion. miR-365 was downregulated in liver CSCs and could inhibit HCC cells dedifferentiation and liver CSCs expansion by targeting RAC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Bin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Bing-Qiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Shao-Guang Liu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Guang-Ming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Ya-Bo Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Ruo-Huang Si
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Hui-Ting Yan
- Department of Nursing Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
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Cheng Q, Chen A, Du Q, Liao Q, Shuai Z, Chen C, Yang X, Hu Y, Zhao J, Liu S, Wen GR, An J, Jing H, Tuo B, Xie R, Xu J. Novel insights into ion channels in cancer stem cells (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1435-1441. [PMID: 30066845 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are immortal cells in tumor tissues that have been proposed as the driving force of tumorigenesis and tumor invasion. Previously, ion channels were revealed to contribute to cancer cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that ion channels are present in various CSCs; however, the functions of ion channels and their mechanisms in CSCs remain unknown. The present review aimed to focus on the roles of ion channels in the regulation of CSC behavior and the CSC-like properties of cancer cells. Evaluation of the relationship between ion channels and CSCs is critically important for understanding malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijiao Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Anhai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qiushi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Zhangli Shuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Changmei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xinrong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yaxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Ju Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Songpo Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Guo Rong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Hai Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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Zohora F, Bidad K, Pourpak Z, Moin M. Biological and Immunological Aspects of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Cancer Development: A Narrative Review. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:546-556. [PMID: 29697284 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1460685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is a universal health problem and a risk factor for the development of cancer. IDA changes the microenvironment of the human body by affecting both the biological and immunological systems. It increases DNA damage and genomic instability by different mechanisms. IDA is one of the leading causes of the imbalance between different antioxidant enzymes as well as enzymes involved in DNA damage and DNA repair systems of the body. It can affect the biogenesis/expression of microRNAs. IDA interrupts the oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism and intestinal Cytochrome-P450 systems. It also disturbs multicellular signaling pathways involved in cell survival and helps in tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, IDA is also responsible for the functional deterioration of innate and adaptive immune systems that lead to immunological dysfunctions against invading pathogens. Genomic instability and immunological dysfunctions are the hallmarks of cancer development. In this review, we will review the evidence linking IDA to increased cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Zohora
- a Immunology, Asthma & Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Katayoon Bidad
- a Immunology, Asthma & Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Pourpak
- a Immunology, Asthma & Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mostafa Moin
- a Immunology, Asthma & Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
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Lleonart ME, Abad E, Graifer D, Lyakhovich A. Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Autophagy Defines the Fate of Cancer Stem Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1066-1079. [PMID: 28683561 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: A fraction of tumorigenic cells, also known as tumor initiating or cancer stem cells (CSCs), is thought to drive tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. However, little is known regarding mechanisms that convey relevant pathways contributing to their self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation abilities. Recent Advances: Recent works on CSCs provide evidence on the role of redox disruption and regulation of autophagic flux. This has been linked to increased DNA repair capacity and chemoresistance. Critical Issues: The current review summarizes the most recent studies assessing the role of redox homeostasis, autophagy, and chemoresistance in CSCs, including some novel findings on microRNAs and their role in horizontal transfer within cancer cell populations. Future Directions: Rational anticancer therapy and prevention should rely on the fact that cancer is a redox disease with the CSCs being the apex modulated by redox-mediated autophagy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1066-1079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde E Lleonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Etna Abad
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dmitry Graifer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia.,ICRC-FNUSA, International Clinical Research Center and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Xu M, Luo J. Alcohol and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9110158. [PMID: 29156633 PMCID: PMC5704176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy alcohol consumption has been associated with increased risk of several cancers, including cancer of the colon, rectum, female breast, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, liver, and esophagus. It appears that alcohol exposure not only promotes carcinogenesis but also enhances the progression and aggressiveness of existing cancers. The molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol tumor promotion, however, remain unclear. Cancer stem cells (CSC), a subpopulation of cancer cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacity, play an important role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and therapy resistance. The recent research evidence suggests that alcohol increases the CSC population in cancers, which may underlie alcohol-induced tumor promotion. This review discusses the recent progress in the research of alcohol promotion of CSC and underlying cellular/molecular mechanisms. The review will further explore the therapeutic potential of CSC inhibition in treating alcohol-induced tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1095 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Lefranc F, Tabanca N, Kiss R. Assessing the anticancer effects associated with food products and/or nutraceuticals using in vitro and in vivo preclinical development-related pharmacological tests. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:14-32. [PMID: 28602819 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This review is part of a special issue entitled "Role of dietary pattern, foods, nutrients and nutraceuticals in supporting cancer prevention and treatment" and describes a pharmacological strategy to determine the potential contribution of food-related components as anticancer agents against established cancer. Therefore, this review does not relate to chemoprevention, which is analysed in several other reviews in the current special issue, but rather focuses on the following: i) the biological events that currently represent barriers against the treatment of certain types of cancers, primarily metastatic cancers; ii) the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological pre-clinical tests that can be used to analyse the potential anticancer effects of food-related components; and iii) several examples of food-related components with anticancer effects. This review does not represent a catalogue-based listing of food-related components with more or less anticancer activity. By contrast, this review proposes an original pharmacological strategy that researchers can use to analyse the potential anticancer activity of any food-related component-e.g., by considering the crucial characteristics of cancer biological aggressiveness. This review also highlights that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy should restrict the use of "food complements" without supervision by a medical nutritionist. By contrast, an equilibrated diet that includes the food-related components listed herein would be beneficial for cancer patients who are not undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- U.S Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station,13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA.
| | - Robert Kiss
- Retired-formerly at the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium), 5 rue d'Egmont, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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Cree IA, Charlton P. Molecular chess? Hallmarks of anti-cancer drug resistance. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:10. [PMID: 28056859 PMCID: PMC5214767 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of resistance is a problem shared by both classical chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Patients may respond well at first, but relapse is inevitable for many cancer patients, despite many improvements in drugs and their use over the last 40 years. Review Resistance to anti-cancer drugs can be acquired by several mechanisms within neoplastic cells, defined as (1) alteration of drug targets, (2) expression of drug pumps, (3) expression of detoxification mechanisms, (4) reduced susceptibility to apoptosis, (5) increased ability to repair DNA damage, and (6) altered proliferation. It is clear, however, that changes in stroma and tumour microenvironment, and local immunity can also contribute to the development of resistance. Cancer cells can and do use several of these mechanisms at one time, and there is considerable heterogeneity between tumours, necessitating an individualised approach to cancer treatment. As tumours are heterogeneous, positive selection of a drug-resistant population could help drive resistance, although acquired resistance cannot simply be viewed as overgrowth of a resistant cancer cell population. The development of such resistance mechanisms can be predicted from pre-existing genomic and proteomic profiles, and there are increasingly sophisticated methods to measure and then tackle these mechanisms in patients. Conclusion The oncologist is now required to be at least one step ahead of the cancer, a process that can be likened to ‘molecular chess’. Thus, as well as an increasing role for predictive biomarkers to clinically stratify patients, it is becoming clear that personalised strategies are required to obtain best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Cree
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK. .,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.
| | - Peter Charlton
- Imperial Innovations, 52 Princes Gate, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2PG, UK
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Aboukameel A, Muqbil I, Senapedis W, Baloglu E, Landesman Y, Shacham S, Kauffman M, Philip PA, Mohammad RM, Azmi AS. Novel p21-Activated Kinase 4 (PAK4) Allosteric Modulators Overcome Drug Resistance and Stemness in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:76-87. [PMID: 28062705 PMCID: PMC5221563 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) is a key downstream effector of the Rho family GTPases and is found to be overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells but not in normal human pancreatic ductal epithelia (HPDE). Gene copy number amplification studies in PDAC patient cohorts confirmed PAK4 amplification making it an attractive therapeutic target in PDAC. We investigated the antitumor activity of novel PAK4 allosteric modulators (PAM) on a panel of PDAC cell lines and chemotherapy-resistant flow-sorted PDAC cancer stem cells (CSC). The toxicity and efficacy of PAMs were evaluated in multiple subcutaneous mouse models of PDAC. PAMs (KPT-7523, KPT-7189, KPT-8752, KPT-9307, and KPT-9274) show antiproliferative activity in vitro against different PDAC cell lines while sparing normal HPDE. Cell growth inhibition was concurrent with apoptosis induction and suppression of colony formation in PDAC. PAMs inhibited proliferation and antiapoptotic signals downstream of PAK4. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed disruption of PAK4 complexes containing vimentin. PAMs disrupted CSC spheroid formation through suppression of PAK4. Moreover, PAMs synergize with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in vitro KPT-9274, currently in a phase I clinical trial (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02702492), possesses desirable pharmacokinetic properties and is well tolerated in mice with the absence of any signs of toxicity when 200 mg/kg daily is administered either intravenously or orally. KPT-9274 as a single agent showed remarkable antitumor activity in subcutaneous xenograft models of PDAC cell lines and CSCs. These proof-of-concept studies demonstrated the antiproliferative effects of novel PAMs in PDAC and warrant further clinical investigations. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(1); 76-87. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.
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3,6-dihydroxyflavone suppresses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28858. [PMID: 27345219 PMCID: PMC4921838 DOI: 10.1038/srep28858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical developmental program in cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance and in cancer metastasis. Here, our study found that 3,6-DHF could effectively inhibit EMT in BC cells in vitro and in vivo. 3,6-DHF effectively inhibits the formation and proliferation of BCSCs, and consequently reduces the tumor-initiating capacity of tumor cells in NOD/SCID mice. Optical in vivo imaging of cancer metastasis showed that 3,6-DHF administration suppresses the lung metastasis of BC cells in vivo. Further studies indicated that 3,6-DHF down-regulates Notch1, NICD, Hes-1 and c-Myc, consequently decreasing the formation of the functional transcriptional unit of NICD-CSL-MAML, causing Notch signaling inactivation in BC cells. Over-expression of Notch1 or inhibition of miR-34a significantly reduced the inhibitory effects of 3,6-DHF on EMT, CSCs, as well as cells migration and invasion in BC cells. These data indicated that 3,6-DHF effectively inhibits EMT and CSCs, as well as cells migration and invasion in BC cells, in which miR-34a-mediated Notch1 down-regulation plays a crucial role.
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Li L, Chen F. Oxidative stress, epigenetics, and cancer stem cells in arsenic carcinogenesis and prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:57-63. [PMID: 27134817 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-016-0049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The carcinogenic role of arsenic has been extensively studied for more than half century. How arsenic causes human cancer, however, remains to be fully elucidated. In this brief review, we focus our attentions on the most recent discoveries by us and others on the capabilities of arsenic in inducing generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the generation of the cancer stem cells. We believe that these new understandings on the mechanisms of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis will shed light on the prevention and treatment of human cancers resulted from environmental or occupational arsenic exposure. Furthermore, these latest findings on arsenic-induced cellular responses will also have an important impact on the investigation of the carcinogenic effects of other environmental or occupational carcinogens or hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201
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Lyakhovich A, Lleonart ME. Bypassing Mechanisms of Mitochondria-Mediated Cancer Stem Cells Resistance to Chemo- and Radiotherapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:1716341. [PMID: 26697128 PMCID: PMC4677234 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1716341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapeutic regimes. Therefore, the multiple drug resistance (MDR) of cancer is most likely due to the resistance of CSCs. Such resistance can be attributed to some bypassing pathways including detoxification mechanisms of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RO/NS) formation or enhanced autophagy. Unlike in normal cells, where RO/NS concentration is maintained at certain threshold required for signal transduction or immune response mechanisms, CSCs may develop alternative pathways to diminish RO/NS levels leading to cancer survival. In this minireview, we will focus on elaborated mechanisms developed by CSCs to attenuate high RO/NS levels. Gaining a better insight into the mechanisms of stem cell resistance to chemo- or radiotherapy may lead to new therapeutic targets thus serving for better anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lyakhovich
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A7, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matilde E. Lleonart
- Oncology and Pathology Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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JIAO GENLONG, PAN BIN, ZHOU ZHIGANG, ZHOU LIN, LI ZHIZHONG, ZHANG ZIYONG. MicroRNA-21 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in H2O2-stimulated rat spinal cord neurons. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7011-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Redox Regulation in Cancer Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:750798. [PMID: 26273424 PMCID: PMC4529979 DOI: 10.1155/2015/750798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-dependent (redox regulation) signaling pathways and transcriptional activities are thought to be critical in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation during growth and organogenesis. Aberrant ROS burst and dysregulation of those ROS-dependent cellular processes are strongly associated with human diseases including many cancers. ROS levels are elevated in cancer cells partially due to their higher metabolism rate. In the past 15 years, the concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been gaining ground as the subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties and characteristics have been identified in various cancers. CSCs possess low levels of ROS and are responsible for cancer recurrence after chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Unfortunately, how CSCs control ROS production and scavenging and how ROS-dependent signaling pathways contribute to CSCs function remain poorly understood. This review focuses on the role of redox balance, especially in ROS-dependent cellular processes in cancer stem cells (CSCs). We updated recent advances in our understanding of ROS generation and elimination in CSCs and their effects on CSC self-renewal and differentiation through modulating signaling pathways and transcriptional activities. The review concludes that targeting CSCs by manipulating ROS metabolism/dependent pathways may be an effective approach for improving cancer treatment.
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Díaz-Carballo D, Gustmann S, Jastrow H, Acikelli AH, Dammann P, Klein J, Dembinski U, Bardenheuer W, Malak S, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Schultheis B, Aldinger C, Strumberg D. Atypical cell populations associated with acquired resistance to cytostatics and cancer stem cell features: the role of mitochondria in nuclear encapsulation. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:749-74. [PMID: 25126674 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, acquired resistance to cytostatics had mostly been attributed to biochemical mechanisms such as decreased intake and/or increased efflux of therapeutics, enhanced DNA repair, and altered activity or deregulation of target proteins. Although these mechanisms have been widely investigated, little is known about membrane barriers responsible for the chemical imperviousness of cell compartments and cellular segregation in cytostatic-treated tumors. In highly heterogeneous cross-resistant and radiorefractory cell populations selected by exposure to anticancer agents, we found a number of atypical recurrent cell types in (1) tumor cell cultures of different embryonic origins, (2) mouse xenografts, and (3) paraffin sections from patient tumors. Alongside morphologic peculiarities, these populations presented cancer stem cell markers, aberrant signaling pathways, and a set of deregulated miRNAs known to confer both stem-cell phenotypes and highly aggressive tumor behavior. The first type, named spiral cells, is marked by a spiral arrangement of nuclei. The second type, monastery cells, is characterized by prominent walls inside which daughter cells can be seen maturing amid a rich mitochondrial environment. The third type, called pregnant cells, is a giant cell with a syncytium-like morphology, a main nucleus, and many endoreplicative functional progeny cells. A rare fourth cell type identified in leukemia was christened shepherd cells, as it was always associated with clusters of smaller cells. Furthermore, a portion of resistant tumor cells displayed nuclear encapsulation via mitochondrial aggregation in the nuclear perimeter in response to cytostatic insults, probably conferring imperviousness to drugs and long periods of dormancy until nuclear eclosion takes place. This phenomenon was correlated with an increase in both intracellular and intercellular mitochondrial traffic as well as with the uptake of free extracellular mitochondria. All these cellular disorders could, in fact, be found in untreated tumor cells but were more pronounced in resistant entities, suggesting a natural mechanism of cell survival triggered by chemical injury, or a primitive strategy to ensure stemming, self-renewal, and differentiation under adverse conditions, a fact that may play a significant role in chemotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz-Carballo
- 1 Institute of Molecular Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Marienhospital Herne, Ruhr University of Bochum Medical School , Herne, Germany
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Xu Y, Luo F, Liu Y, Shi L, Lu X, Xu W, Liu Q. Exosomal miR-21 derived from arsenite-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells promotes cell proliferation associated with arsenite carcinogenesis. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1071-82. [PMID: 24912785 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communications within the cancer microenvironment coordinate the assembly of various cell types. Exosomes are mediators of intercellular communication in immune signaling, tumor promotion, stress responses, and angiogenesis. The present research aimed to determine whether miRNAs secreted from human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells transformed by 1.0 μM arsenite are transferred into normal HBE cells and are functionally active in the recipient cells. The results show that miR-21 is involved in exosome-mediated intercellular communication between neoplastic and normal HBE cells. Exosomes derived from transformed HBE cells stimulated proliferation of normal HBE cells, whereas exosomes from miR-21 depleted cells failed to stimulate proliferation. In normal HBE cells, the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog, a target gene for miR-21, was increased by exosomal miR-21, indicating that exogenous miRNAs, via exosomal transport, function-like endogenous miRNAs. Concordantly, specific reduction of miR-21 content in exosome-producing transformed cells abolished the stimulation of proliferation by exosomes. Collectively, the data indicate that transformed HBE cells release exosomes containing miR-21, stimulating proliferation in neighboring normal HBE cells and supporting the concept that exosomal miRNAs are involved in cell-cell communication during carcinogenesis induced by environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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