1
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Thomas P, Peele EE, Yopak KE, Sulikowski JA, Kinsey ST. Lectin binding to pectoral fin of neonate little skates reared under ambient and projected-end-of-century temperature regimes. J Morphol 2024; 285:e21698. [PMID: 38669130 PMCID: PMC11064730 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The glycosylation of macromolecules can vary both among tissue structural components and by adverse conditions, potentially providing an alternative marker of stress in organisms. Lectins are proteins that bind carbohydrate moieties and lectin histochemistry is a common method to visualize microstructures in biological specimens and diagnose pathophysiological states in human tissues known to alter glycan profiles. However, this technique is not commonly used to assess broad-spectrum changes in cellular glycosylation in response to environmental stressors. In addition, the binding of various lectins has not been studied in elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays). We surveyed the binding tissue structure specificity of 14 plant-derived lectins, using both immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, in the pectoral fins of neonate little skates (Leucoraja erinacea). Skates were reared under present-day or elevated (+5°C above ambient) temperature regimes and evaluated for lectin binding as an indicator of changing cellular glycosylation and tissue structure. Lectin labeling was highly tissue and microstructure specific. Dot blots revealed no significant changes in lectin binding between temperature regimes. In addition, lectins only detected in the elevated temperature treatment were Canavalia ensiformis lectin (Concanavalin A) in spindle cells of muscle and Ricinus communis agglutinin in muscle capillaries. These results provide a reference for lectin labeling in elasmobranch tissue that may aid future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Thomas
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - Emily E. Peele
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - Kara E. Yopak
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - James A. Sulikowski
- 2030 SE Marine Science Drive, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97365, USA
| | - Stephen T. Kinsey
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
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2
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Brooks S. Lectins as versatile tools to explore cellular glycosylation. Eur J Histochem 2024; 68:3959. [PMID: 38285057 PMCID: PMC11059468 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2024.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Lectins are naturally occurring carbohydrate-binding proteins that are ubiquitous in nature and highly selective for their, often incompletely characterised, binding partners. From their discovery in the late 1880s to the present day, they have provided a broad palette of versatile tools for exploring the glycosylation of cells and tissues and for uncovering the myriad functions of glycosylation in biological systems. The technique of lectin histochemistry, used to map the glycosylation of tissues, has been instrumental in revealing the changing profile of cellular glycosylation in development, health and disease. It has been especially enlightening in revealing fundamental alterations in cellular glycosylation that accompany cancer development and metastasis, and has facilitated the identification of glycosylated biomarkers that can predict prognosis and may have utility in development of early detection and screening, Moreover, it has led to insights into the functional role of glycosylation in healthy tissues and in the processes underlying disease. Recent advances in biotechnology mean that our understanding of the precise binding partners of lectins is improving and an ever-wider range of lectins are available, including recombinant human lectins and lectins with enhanced, engineered properties. Moreover, use of traditional histochemistry to support a broad range of cutting-edge technologies and the development of high throughout microarray platforms opens the way for ever more sophisticated mapping - and understanding - of the glycome.
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3
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Sundaram TS, Addis MF, Giromini C, Rebucci R, Pisanu S, Pagnozzi D, Baldi A. Comprehensive proteomic analysis reveals omega-3 fatty acids to counteract endotoxin-stimulated metabolic dysregulation in porcine enterocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21595. [PMID: 38062040 PMCID: PMC10703801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), such as the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are reported to beneficially affect the intestinal immunity. The biological pathways modulated by n-3 PUFA during an infection, at the level of intestinal epithelial barrier remain elusive. To address this gap, we investigated the proteomic changes induced by n-3 PUFA in porcine enterocyte cell line (IPEC-J2), in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stress conditions using shotgun proteomics analysis integrated with RNA-sequencing technology. A total of 33, 85, and 88 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified in cells exposed to n-3 PUFA (DHA:EPA), LPS, and n-3 PUFA treatment followed by LPS stimulation, respectively. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of DAPs revealed the modulation of central carbon metabolism, including the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, and oxidative phosphorylation processes. Specifically, LPS caused metabolic dysregulation in enterocytes, which was abated upon prior treatment with n-3 PUFA. Besides, n-3 PUFA supplementation facilitated enterocyte development and lipid homeostasis. Altogether, this work for the first time comprehensively described the biological pathways regulated by n-3 PUFA in enterocytes, particularly during endotoxin-stimulated metabolic dysregulation. Additionally, this study may provide nutritional biomarkers in monitoring the intestinal health of human and animals on n-3 PUFA-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil Selvi Sundaram
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giromini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rebucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pisanu
- Porto Conte Ricerche S.R.L, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Loc. Tramariglio 15, 07041, Alghero, Italy
| | - Daniela Pagnozzi
- Porto Conte Ricerche S.R.L, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Loc. Tramariglio 15, 07041, Alghero, Italy
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
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4
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Mitry MMA, Boateng SY, Greco F, Osborn HMI. Bioorthogonal activation of prodrugs, for the potential treatment of breast cancer, using the Staudinger reaction. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1537-1548. [PMID: 37593579 PMCID: PMC10429771 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00137g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective prodrug activation at a tumor site is crucial to maximise the efficiency of chemotherapy approaches and minimise side effects due to off-site activation. In this paper, a new prodrug activation strategy is reported based on the bioorthogonal Staudinger reaction. The feasibility of this prodrug activation strategy was initially demonstrated using 9-azido sialic acid 4 as a trigger and two novel triphenylphosphine-modified N-mustard-PRO 10 and doxorubicin-PRO 12 prodrugs in an HPLC-monitored release study. Then, the azide reporter group was introduced on cancer cells' surfaces through metabolic glycoengineering of sialic acid-rich surface glycans using azide-modified monosaccharides (9-azido sialic acid 4, tetra-O-acetylated-9-azido sialic acid 5 and tetra-O-acetyl azidomannosamine). Next, the N-mustard-PRO 10 and doxorubicin-PRO 12 prodrugs were employed in vitro with the bioengineered cells, and activation of the prodrugs, which allowed selective release of the cytotoxic moiety at the tumour cell, was assessed. Release of the parent drugs from the prodrugs was shown to be dependent on the level of metabolic labelling, where tetra-O-acetyl azidomannosamine allowed the highest level of azide reporter generation in tumor cells and led to full recovery of the parent cytotoxic drug's potency. The selectivity of azide expression on breast cancer MCF-7 cells versus normal fibroblast L929 cells was also probed, with the 9-azido sialic acid and tetra-O-acetylated-9-azido sialic acid showing ∼17-fold higher azide expression on the former. Taken together, these data demonstrate the feasibility of the Staudinger reaction for selective activation of prodrugs targeted to the MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna M A Mitry
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AD UK
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Samuel Y Boateng
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading Whiteknights Reading RG6 6ES UK
| | - Francesca Greco
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AD UK
| | - Helen M I Osborn
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AD UK
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5
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Silva MLS. Capitalizing glycomic changes for improved biomarker-based cancer diagnostics. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:366-395. [PMID: 37455827 PMCID: PMC10344901 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer serum biomarkers are valuable or even indispensable for cancer diagnostics and/or monitoring and, currently, many cancer serum markers are routinely used in the clinic. Most of those markers are glycoproteins, carrying cancer-specific glycan structures that can provide extra-information for cancer monitoring. Nonetheless, in the majority of cases, this differential feature is not exploited and the corresponding analytical assays detect only the protein amount, disregarding the analysis of the aberrant glycoform. Two exceptions to this trend are the biomarkers α-fetoprotein (AFP) and cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), which are clinically monitored for their cancer-related glycan changes, and only the AFP assay includes quantification of both the protein amount and the altered glycoform. This narrative review demonstrates, through several examples, the advantages of the combined quantification of protein cancer biomarkers and the respective glycoform analysis, which enable to yield the maximum information and overcome the weaknesses of each individual analysis. This strategy allows to achieve higher sensitivity and specificity in the detection of cancer, enhancing the diagnostic power of biomarker-based cancer detection tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luísa S. Silva
- Unidade de Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida, Universidade Aberta, 1269-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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6
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Yue Z, Yu Y, Gao B, Wang D, Sun H, Feng Y, Ma Z, Xie X. Advances in protein glycosylation and its role in tissue repair and regeneration. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:355-373. [PMID: 37097318 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
After tissue damage, a series of molecular and cellular events are initiated to promote tissue repair and regeneration to restore its original structure and function. These events include inter-cell communication, cell proliferation, cell migration, extracellular matrix differentiation, and other critical biological processes. Glycosylation is the crucial conservative and universal post-translational modification in all eukaryotic cells [1], with influential roles in intercellular recognition, regulation, signaling, immune response, cellular transformation, and disease development. Studies have shown that abnormally glycosylation of proteins is a well-recognized feature of cancer cells, and specific glycan structures are considered markers of tumor development. There are many studies on gene expression and regulation during tissue repair and regeneration. Still, there needs to be more knowledge of complex carbohydrates' effects on tissue repair and regeneration, such as glycosylation. Here, we present a review of studies investigating protein glycosylation in the tissue repair and regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Boyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Du Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongxiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
- GeWu Medical Research Institute (GMRI), Xi'an, China.
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7
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Höti N, Clark DJ, Chen SY, Zhang H. The next "sweet" spot for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Glycoprotein for early detection. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:822-843. [PMID: 34766650 PMCID: PMC9095761 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common neoplastic disease of the pancreas, accounting for more than 90% of all pancreatic malignancies. As a highly lethal malignancy, PDAC is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a 5-year overall survival of less than 8%. The efficacy and outcome of PDAC treatment largely depend on the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis. Surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy remains the only possibly curative therapy, yet 80%-90% of PDAC patients present with nonresectable PDAC stages at the time of clinical presentation. Despite our advancing knowledge of PDAC, the prognosis remains strikingly poor, which is primarily due to the difficulty of diagnosing PDAC at the early stages. Recent advances in glycoproteomics and glycomics based on mass spectrometry have shown that aberrations in protein glycosylation plays a critical role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, metastasis, chemoresistance, and immuno-response of PDAC and other types of cancers. A growing interest has thus been placed upon protein glycosylation as a potential early detection biomarker for PDAC. We herein take stock of the advancements in the early detection of PDAC that were carried out with mass spectrometry, with special focus on protein glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuefan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Naseruddin Höti
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David J Clark
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shao-Yung Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Gu Y, Duan B, Sha J, Zhang R, Fan J, Xu X, Zhao H, Niu X, Geng Z, Gu J, Huang B, Ren S. Serum IgG N-glycans enable early detection and early relapse prediction of colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:536-547. [PMID: 36121650 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops mainly from colorectal advanced adenomas (AA), which are considered precancerous lesions. Novel early diagnostic biomarkers are urgently needed to distinguish CRC and AA from healthy control (HC). Alternative glycosylation of serum IgG has been shown to be closely associated with CRC. We aimed to explore the potential of IgG N-glycan as biomarkers in the early differential diagnosis of CRC. The study population was strictly matched to the exclusion criteria process. Serum IgG N-glycan profiles were analyzed by a robust and reliable relative quantitative method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Relative quantification and classification performance of IgG N-glycans were evaluated by Mann-Whitney U tests and ROC curve based on directly detected and derived glycan traits, respectively. Six and 14 directly detected glycan traits were significantly changed in AA and CRC, respectively, compared with HC. GP1 and GP3 were able to accurately distinguish AA from HC for early precancerous lesions screening. GP4 and GP14 provided a high value in discriminating CRC from HC. A novel combined index named GlycoF, including GP1, GP3, GP4, GP14 and CEA was developed to provide a potential early diagnostic biomarker in discriminating simultaneously AA (AUC = 0.847) and CRC (AUC = 0.844) from HC. GlycoF also demonstrated a superior CRC detection rate across CRC all stages and conspicuous prediction ability of risk of relapse. Serum IgG N-glycans analysis provided powerful early screening biomarkers that can efficiently differentiate CRC and AA from HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bensong Duan
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jichen Sha
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiteng Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Niu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Geng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifang Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Brooks SA. Lectin Histochemistry: Historical Perspectives, State of the Art, and Future Directions. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2566:65-84. [PMID: 36152243 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2675-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lectins, discovered more than 100 years ago and defined by their ability to selectively recognize specific carbohydrate structures, are ubiquitous in living organisms. Their precise functions are as yet under-explored and incompletely understood but they are clearly involved, through recognition of their binding partners, in a myriad of biological mechanisms involved in cell identity, adhesion, signaling, and growth regulation in health and disease. Understanding the complex "sugar code" represented by the "glycome" is a major challenge and at the forefront of current biological research. Lectins have been widely employed in histochemical studies to map glycosylation in cells and tissues. Here, a brief history of the discovery of lectins and early developments in their use is presented along with a selection of some of the most interesting and significant discoveries to emerge from the use of lectin histochemistry. Further, an evaluation of the next generation of lectin-based technologies is presented, including the potential for designing recombinant lectins with more precisely defined binding characteristics, linking lectin-based studies with other technologies to answer fundamental questions in glycobiology and approaches to exploring the interactions of lectins with their binding partners in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ann Brooks
- Department of Biological & Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
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10
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Zarrineh M, Ashrafian S, Jensen P, Nawrocki A, Ansari AM, Rezadoost H, Ghassempour A, Larsen MR. Comprehensive proteomics and sialiomics of the anti-proliferative activity of safranal on triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. J Proteomics 2022; 259:104539. [PMID: 35240313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with no efficient treatment. Researchers have indicated the importance of quantitative approaches on proteome and different post-translation modifications studies both in diagnosis and treatment purposes. Sialic acid-containing glycopeptides (the sialiome) is one of these modifications which can be used as a tool in cancer diagnosis or therapeutic strategies since the sialylation is strongly associated with cancer migration and metastasis. Based on our study, safranal, which is a non-toxic compound in orally intakes, exhibits a significant cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB-231 in comparison to normal cells. We conducted a comprehensive proteomics and sialiomics analysis of safranal treated MDA-MB-231 cells by using a combination of TMT labeling and titanium dioxide enrichment of sialylated N-linked glycopeptides to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism behind safranal-induced apoptosis. Safranal has main effect on the inhibition of metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. It regulates proteins considered as activator of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis mediators. Moreover, safranal regulates sialylation of glycoproteins involving in cellular adhesion, migration and survival. It suppresses cell survival and metastasis through the alteration of the sialylation level on important signaling receptors. These results highlight the impact of safranal as a potent anticancer compound on TNBCs which also can be strongly used in daily diets. SIGNIFICANCE: In first step, we evaluated the cell viability of MDA-MB-231 cell lines against the purified saffron components (total crocin, picrocrocin, crocin I and safranal). Safranal was the only compound demonstrated the anti-proliferation effect. In order to obtain an understanding of safranal cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB-231, we designed the three set of treated cell lines in 30 min, 12 h and 24 h time-points in three replicates and a combination of TMT-based labeling quantitative proteomics and titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based enrichment of sialylated N-linked glycopeptides for sialiomics analysis as a strategy to follow the more detailed mechanisms of safranal effect. The results of bioinformatics analysis revealed the multifunction role of safranal on MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Safranal mainly dysregulates mitochondrial function, inhibits metabolism and starts initial signaling of apoptosis which lead to DNA fragmentation. Moreover, safranal caused the majority of down-regulation in sialylation profile in all time-points. Safranal also declines the cell survival, adhesion and migration by dysregulation of the sialylation level in important proteins including integrins, tumor necrosis factor receptor and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). The results provide a set of therapeutic targets for triple negative breast cancer which can help designing of effective anticancer drugs specially in targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Zarrineh
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Shahrbanou Ashrafian
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Pia Jensen
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Arkadiusz Nawrocki
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Alireza Madjid Ansari
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963113, Iran.
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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11
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A
Phaseolus vulgaris
Leukoagglutinin Biosensor as a Selective Device for the Detection of Cancer‐associated
N
‐glycans with Increased β1→6 Branching. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Yun J, Jo JY, Tuomivaara ST, Lim JM. Isotope labeling strategies of glycans for mass spectrometry-based quantitative glycomics. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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García Y, Úsuga BA, Campos CH, Alderete JB, Jiménez VA. NanoMIPs Design for Fucose and Mannose Recognition: A Molecular Dynamics Approach. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:2048-2061. [PMID: 33784106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale molecularly imprinted polymers (nanoMIPs) are powerful molecular recognition tools with broad applications in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of complex diseases. In this work, fully atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to assist the design of nanoMIPs with recognition capacity toward l-fucose and d-mannose as prototype disease biomarkers. MD simulations were conducted on prepolymerization mixtures containing different molar ratios of the monomers N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), methacrylamide (MAM), and (4-acrylamidophenyl)(amino)methaniminium acetate (AB) and fixed molar ratios of the cross-linker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in explicit acetonitrile as the porogenic solvent. Prepolymerization mixtures containing ternary mixtures of NIPAM (50%), MAM (25%), and AB (25%) exhibit the best imprinting potential for both l-fucose and d-mannose, as they maximize (i) the stability of template-monomer plus template-cross-linker interactions, (ii) the number of functional monomers plus cross-linkers organized around the template, and (iii) the number of hydrogen bonds participating in template recognition. The studied prepolymerization mixtures exhibit an overall increased recognition capacity toward d-mannose over l-fucose, which is attributed to the higher hydrogen-bonding capacity of the former template. Our results are valuable to guide the synthesis of efficient nanoMIPs for sugar recognition and provide a computational framework extensible to any other template, monomer, or cross-linker combination, thus constituting a promising strategy for the rational design of molecularly imprinted materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadiris García
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay S/N, Talca, Chile 3460000
| | - Brandon A Úsuga
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano, Chile 4300866
| | - Cristian H Campos
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción, Chile 4070371
| | - Joel B Alderete
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay S/N, Talca, Chile 3460000
| | - Verónica A Jiménez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano, Chile 4300866
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14
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Forssten SD, Laitila A, Maukonen J, Ouwehand AC. Probiotic triangle of success; strain production, clinical studies and product development. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:fnaa167. [PMID: 33049046 PMCID: PMC7578568 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful development of probiotic foods and dietary supplements rests on three pillars; each with their specific challenges and opportunities. First, strain production; this depends on selecting the right strain with promising technological properties and safety profile. Further the manufacturing of the strain in a stable format at sufficiently high yield, following regulatory and customer requirements on culture media ingredients and other processing aids. The second pillar are the preclinical and clinical studies to document that the strain is a probiotic and exerts a health benefit on the host, the consumer. Especially when aiming for a regulator approved health claim, clinical studies need to be thoroughly performed; following appropriate ethical, scientific and regulatory guidelines. Finally, the probiotic will need to be incorporated in a product that can be brought to the consumer; a dietary supplement or a functional food. Because of the live nature of probiotics, specific challenges may need to be dealt with. Although experience from other strains is helpful in the process, the development is strain specific. Commercialisation and marketing of probiotics are strictly but differently regulated in most jurisdictions; defining what can and cannot be claimed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia D Forssten
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Arja Laitila
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Johanna Maukonen
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
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15
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Amon R, Rosenfeld R, Perlmutter S, Grant OC, Yehuda S, Borenstein-Katz A, Alcalay R, Marshanski T, Yu H, Diskin R, Woods RJ, Chen X, Padler-Karavani V. Directed Evolution of Therapeutic Antibodies Targeting Glycosylation in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102824. [PMID: 33007970 PMCID: PMC7601599 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We generated a platform for designing optimized functional therapeutic antibodies against cancer glycans. The target tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen is commonly expressed in colon and pancreatic cancers. We developed a system for selection of potent antibodies by yeast surface display against this carbohydrate antigen, then showed that elite clones have potent affinity, specificity, cancer cell binding, and therapeutic efficacy. These tools have broad utility for manipulating and engineering antibodies against carbohydrate antigens, and provide major innovative avenues of research in the field of cancer therapy and diagnostics. Abstract Glycosylation patterns commonly change in cancer, resulting in expression of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA). While promising, currently available anti-glycan antibodies are not useful for clinical cancer therapy. Here, we show that potent anti-glycan antibodies can be engineered to acquire cancer therapeutic efficacy. We designed yeast surface display to generate and select for therapeutic antibodies against the TACA SLea (CA19−9) in colon and pancreatic cancers. Elite clones showed increased affinity, better specificity, improved binding of human pancreatic and colon cancer cell lines, and increased complement-dependent therapeutic efficacy. Molecular modeling explained the structural basis for improved antibody functionality at the molecular level. These new tools of directed molecular evolution and selection for effective anti-glycan antibodies, provide insights into the mechanisms of cancer therapy targeting glycosylation, and provide major methodological advances that are likely to open up innovative avenues of research in the field of cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Amon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (R.A.); (S.P.); (S.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Ronit Rosenfeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel; (R.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Shahar Perlmutter
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (R.A.); (S.P.); (S.Y.); (T.M.)
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Oliver C. Grant
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA; (O.C.G.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Sharon Yehuda
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (R.A.); (S.P.); (S.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Aliza Borenstein-Katz
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (A.B.-K.); (R.D.)
| | - Ron Alcalay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel; (R.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Tal Marshanski
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (R.A.); (S.P.); (S.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Ron Diskin
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (A.B.-K.); (R.D.)
| | - Robert J. Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA; (O.C.G.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (R.A.); (S.P.); (S.Y.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-640-6737
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16
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Sundaram TS, Giromini C, Rebucci R, Baldi A. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Counteract Inflammatory and Oxidative Damage of Non-Transformed Porcine Enterocytes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060956. [PMID: 32486441 PMCID: PMC7341267 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Farm animals frequently suffer from chronic inflammatory diseases due to certain physiological or pathophysiological conditions such as weaning, the periparturient period and infections. Traditionally, antibiotics were added to animal diets to counteract inflammation and enhance growth. However, this leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial species which causes potential health hazards. Over several decades, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been known to exhibit a multitude of beneficial effects in animal health and are regarded as a functional food with therapeutic potential. We accessed the bioactivity of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in pig intestinal epithelium under different stress conditions in an in vitro set-up. Our results demonstrated the proliferative and cytoprotective properties of the two fatty acids, which are fundamental to determining the cellular mechanism for efficient utilization in pig diets. Abstract Marine and plant-based omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are widely added to animal diets to promote growth and immunity. We tested the hypothesis that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their 1:2 combination could counteract acute or long-term damage of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell line-J2 (IPEC-J2). The results showed that 24 h treatment with EPA or DHA exhibited proliferative effects in IPEC-J2 cells at low to moderate concentrations (6.25–50 μM) (p < 0.05). Further, 24 h pretreatment with individual DHA (3.3 µM), EPA (6.7 µM) or as DHA:EPA (1:2; 10 µM) combination increased the mitochondrial activity or cell membrane integrity post-LPS (24 h), DSS (24 h) and H2O2 (1 h) challenge (p < 0.05). Additionally, DHA:EPA (1:2, 10 µM) combination decreased the apoptotic caspase-3/7 activity around twofold after 24 h LPS and DSS challenge (p < 0.05). Our study confirms the proliferative and cytoprotective properties of EPA and DHA in IPEC-J2 cells. Increased intracellular mitochondrial activity and cell membrane integrity by ω-3 PUFAs can play a role in preventing enterocyte apoptosis during acute or chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil Selvi Sundaram
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-951335387
| | - Carlotta Giromini
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Raffaella Rebucci
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
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17
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Sajid MS, Jabeen F, Hussain D, Gardner QA, Ashiq MN, Najam‐ul‐Haq M. Boronic acid functionalized fibrous cellulose for the selective enrichment of glycopeptides. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1348-1355. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Sajid
- Division of Analytical ChemistryInstitute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Fahmida Jabeen
- Division of Analytical ChemistryInstitute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Dilshad Hussain
- Division of Analytical ChemistryInstitute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Naeem Ashiq
- Division of Analytical ChemistryInstitute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Najam‐ul‐Haq
- Division of Analytical ChemistryInstitute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
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18
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Li BH, Yao W, Yang H, Wu C, Xiong DC, Yin Y, Ye XS. Total synthesis of tumor-associated KH-1 antigen core nonasaccharideviaphoto-induced glycosylation. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00314j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
KH-1 antigen core nonasaccharide was efficiently assembled by photo-induced glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Han Li
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine
- Department of Pathology
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Wenlong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Congying Wu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine
- Department of Pathology
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Peking University Health Science Center
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine
- Department of Pathology
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
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19
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Rangel MG, Silva MLS. Detection of the cancer-associated T antigen using an Arachis hypogaea agglutinin biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Reuven EM, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Yu H, Duchi R, Perota A, Conchon S, Bachar Abramovitch S, Soulillou JP, Galli C, Chen X, Padler-Karavani V. Biomimetic Glyconanoparticle Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2936-2947. [PMID: 30840433 PMCID: PMC6756924 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy aims to harness the immune system to combat malignant processes. Transformed cells harbor diverse modifications that lead to formation of neoantigens, including aberrantly expressed cell surface carbohydrates. Targeting tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) hold great potential for cancer immunotherapy. N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a dietary non-human immunogenic carbohydrate that accumulates on human cancer cells, thereby generating neoantigens. In mice, passive immunotherapy with anti-Neu5Gc antibodies inhibits growth of Neu5Gc-positive tumors. Here, we designed an active cancer vaccine immunotherapy strategy to target Neu5Gc-positive tumors. We generated biomimetic glyconanoparticles using engineered αGal knockout porcine red blood cells to form nanoghosts (NGs) that either express (NGpos) or lack expression (NGneg) of Neu5Gc-glycoconjugates in their natural context. We demonstrated that optimized immunization of "human-like" Neu5Gc-deficient Cmah-/- mice with NGpos glyconanoparticles induce a strong, diverse and persistent anti-Neu5Gc IgG immune response. The resulting anti-Neu5Gc IgG antibodies were also detected within Neu5Gc-positive tumors and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Using detailed glycan microarray analysis, we further demonstrate that the kinetics and quality of the immune responses influence the efficacy of the vaccine. These findings reinforce the potential of TACA neoantigens and the dietary non-human sialic acid Neu5Gc, in particular, as immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliran Moshe Reuven
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | | | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roberto Duchi
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Andrea Perota
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Sophie Conchon
- Institut de Transplantation–Urologie–Néphrologie, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes 44000, France
| | | | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Institut de Transplantation–Urologie–Néphrologie, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
- FondazioneAvantea Cremona, Italy
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Corresponding Author: Department of Cell Research & Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel. Tel: +972-3-640-6737. Fax: +972-3-642-2046.
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21
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Lomax-Browne HJ, Robertson C, Antonopoulos A, Leathem AJC, Haslam SM, Dell A, Dwek MV. Serum IgA1 shows increased levels of α2,6-linked sialic acid in breast cancer. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180079. [PMID: 30842877 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lectin Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) recognizes altered glycosylation in solid cancers and the identification of HPA binding partners in tumour tissue and serum is an important aim. Among the many HPA binding proteins, IgA1 has been reported to be the most abundant in liver metastases. In this study, the glycosylation of IgA1 was evaluated using serum samples from patients with breast cancer (BCa) and the utility of IgA1 glycosylation as a biomarker was assessed. Detailed mass spectrometric structural analysis showed an increase in disialo-biantennary N-linked glycans on IgA1 from BCa patients (p < 0.0001: non-core fucosylated; p = 0.0345: core fucosylated) and increased asialo-Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF) and disialo-TF antigens in the O-linked glycan preparations from IgA1 of cancer patients compared with healthy control individuals. An increase in Sambucus nigra binding was observed, suggestive of increased α2,6-linked sialic acid on IgA1 in BCa. Logistic regression analysis showed HPA binding to IgA1 and tumour size to be significant independent predictors of distant metastases (χ 2 13.359; n = 114; p = 0.020) with positive and negative predictive values of 65.7% and 64.6%, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumour tissue samples showed IgA1 to be detectable in BCa tissue. This report provides a detailed analysis of serum IgA1 glycosylation in BCa and illustrates the potential utility of IgA1 glycosylation as a biomarker for BCa prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Lomax-Browne
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Claire Robertson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Aristotelis Antonopoulos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anthony J C Leathem
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Miriam V Dwek
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
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Cadena AP, Cushman TR, Welsh JW. Glycosylation and Antitumor Immunity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 343:111-127. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Silva MLS. Lectin-based biosensors as analytical tools for clinical oncology. Cancer Lett 2018; 436:63-74. [PMID: 30125611 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review focus on the use of lectin-based biosensors in the oncology field, and ponders the potentialities of using these devices as analytical tools to monitor the levels of cancer glycobiomarkers in biological fluids, helping in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment assessment. Several examples of lectin-based biosensors directed for cancer biomarkers are described and discussed, and their potential application in the clinic is considered, taking into account their analytical features, advantages and performance in sample analysis. Technical and practical aspects in the construction process, which are specific for lectin biosensors, are debated, as well as the requirements in sample collection and processing, and biosensor validation. Today's challenges for real implementation of these devices in the clinic are presented, along with the future trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luísa S Silva
- Centre of Chemical Research, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, 42076, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico; LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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24
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Makeneni S, Thieker DF, Woods RJ. Applying Pose Clustering and MD Simulations To Eliminate False Positives in Molecular Docking. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:605-614. [PMID: 29431438 PMCID: PMC6067002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a computational protocol that employs multiple molecular docking experiments, followed by pose clustering, molecular dynamic simulations (10 ns), and energy rescoring to produce reliable 3D models of antibody-carbohydrate complexes. The protocol was applied to 10 antibody-carbohydrate co-complexes and three unliganded (apo) antibodies. Pose clustering significantly reduced the number of potential poses. For each system, 15 or fewer clusters out of 100 initial poses were generated and chosen for further analysis. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations allowed the docked poses to either converge or disperse, and rescoring increased the likelihood that the best-ranked pose was an acceptable pose. This approach is amenable to automation and can be a valuable aid in determining the structure of antibody-carbohydrate complexes provided there is no major side chain rearrangement or backbone conformational change in the H3 loop of the CDR regions. Further, the basic protocol of docking a small ligand to a known binding site, clustering the results, and performing MD with a suitable force field is applicable to any protein ligand system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David F. Thieker
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Robert J. Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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25
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Nigjeh EN, Chen R, Allen-Tamura Y, Brand RE, Brentnall TA, Pan S. Spectral library-based glycopeptide analysis-detection of circulating galectin-3 binding protein in pancreatic cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017. [PMID: 28627758 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease characterized by its late diagnosis, poor prognosis and rapid development of drug resistance. Using the data-independent acquisition (DIA) technique, the authors applied a spectral library-based proteomic approach to analyze N-glycosylated peptides in human plasma, in the context of pancreatic cancer study. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The authors extended the application of DIA to the quantification of N-glycosylated peptides enriched from plasma specimens from a clinically well-defined cohort that consists of patients with early stage PDAC, chronic pancreatitis and healthy subjects. RESULTS The analytical platform was evaluated in light of its robustness for quantitative analysis of large-scale clinical specimens. The authors analysis indicated that the level of N-glycosylated peptides derived from galectin-3 binding proteins (LGALS3BP) were frequently elevated in plasma from PDAC patients, concurrent with the altered N-glycosylation of LGALS3BP observed in the tumor tissue. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The glycosylation form of LGALS3BP influences its function in the galectin network, which profoundly involves in cancer progression, immune response and drug resistance. As one of the major binding ligands of galectin network, discovery of site specific N-glycosylation changes of LGALS3BP in association of PDAC may provide useful clues to facilitate cancer detection or phenotype stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam N Nigjeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ru Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Randall E Brand
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Sheng Pan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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26
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Glycosylation of matrix metalloproteases and tissue inhibitors: present state, challenges and opportunities. Biochem J 2017; 473:1471-82. [PMID: 27234584 PMCID: PMC4888457 DOI: 10.1042/bj20151154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge about the glycosylation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is reviewed. Whereas structural and functional aspects of the glycobiology of many MMPs is unknown, research on MMP-9 and MMP-14 glycosylation reveals important functional implications, such as altered inhibitor binding and cellular localization. This, together with the fact that MMPs contain conserved and many potential attachment sites for N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides, proves the need for further studies on MMP glycobiology. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are crucial components of a complex and dynamic network of proteases. With a wide range of potential substrates, their production and activity are tightly controlled by a combination of signalling events, zymogen activation, post-translational modifications and extracellular inhibition. Slight imbalances may result in the initiation or progression of specific disease states, such as cancer and pathological inflammation. As glycosylation modifies the structures and functions of glycoproteins and many MMPs contain N- or O-linked oligosaccharides, we examine, compare and evaluate the evidence for whether glycosylation affects MMP catalytic activity and other functions. It is interesting that the catalytic sites of MMPs do not contain O-linked glycans, but instead possess a conserved N-linked glycosylation site. Both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides, attached to specific protein domains, endow these domains with novel functions such as the binding to lectins, cell-surface receptors and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs). Validated glycobiological data on N- and O-linked oligosaccharides of gelatinase B/MMP-9 and on O-linked structures of membrane-type 1 MMP/MMP-14 indicate that in-depth research of other MMPs may yield important insights, e.g. about subcellular localizations and functions within macromolecular complexes.
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Synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of new 2-thioxo-oxazolidin-4-one derivatives. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:633-641. [PMID: 28511054 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxazolidinones derivatives exhibit different biological properties, including anticancer activity. This work aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of five novel 2-Thioxo-oxazolidin-4-one derivatives. METHODS Cytotoxicity assays were performed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals and seven tumor cell lines. Apoptosis detection and cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry and the expression of genes involved in cell death processes by Real-Time PCR. RESULTS All oxazolinedione derivatives were not cytotoxic in PBMCs. NB-5 showed the best results in cancer cells, inhibiting the growth of all tumor cell lines tested. NB-4 exhibited the highest cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells (IC50=15.19μM) and NB-3 showed better anticancer effects in HL-60 (17.84μM). Only NB-4 significantly induced apoptosis in acute leukemia cells (p=0.001). All compounds caused a significant increase in expression of pro-apoptotic gene BID (p<0.05) and BECN1 (p<0.05). NB-3 significantly modulated the expression of RIPK3 (p=0.02) and DDIT3 (p=0.014), while NB-2 induced an increase of CDKN1A (p=0.03) and NB-4 induced PPARγ gene (p=0.0006). CONCLUSION NB-5 showed antitumor effects in solid and hematopoietic cancer cells, while other derivatives produced higher activity against hematopoietic cells. In acute leukemia cells, oxazolidinone derivatives modulated the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, ER stress, necroptosis and inflammation.
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Wang J, Cheng X, Zeng J, Yuan J, Wang Z, Zhou W, Zhang Y. LW-AFC Effects on N-glycan Profile in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 Strain, a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2017; 8:101-114. [PMID: 28203484 PMCID: PMC5287383 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common eukaryotic post-translational modifications, and aberrant glycosylation has been linked to many diseases. However, glycosylation and glycome analysis is a significantly challenging task. Although several lines of evidence have indicated that protein glycosylation is defective in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), only a few studies have focused on AD glycomics. The etiology of AD is unclear and there are no effective disease-modifying treatments for AD. In this study, we found that the object recognition memory, passive avoidance, and spatial learning and memory of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) strain, an AD animal model, were deficient, and LW-AFC, which was prepared from the traditional Chinese medicine prescription Liuwei Dihuang decoction, showed beneficial effects on the deterioration of cognitive capability in SAMP8 mice. Forty-three and 56 N-glycan were identified in the cerebral cortex and serum of SAMP8 mice, respectively. The N-glycan profile in SAMP8 mice was significantly different from that of senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) strains, the control of SAMP8 mice. Treatment with LW-AFC modulated the abundance of 21 and 6 N-glycan in the cerebral cortex and serum of SAMP8 mice, respectively. The abundance of (Hex)3(HexNAc)5(Fuc)1(Neu5Ac)1 and (Hex)2(HexNAc)4 decreased in the cerebral cortex and serum of SAMP8 mice compared with SAMR1 mice, decreases that were significantly correlated with learning and memory measures. The administration of LW-AFC could reverse or increase these levels in SAMP8 mice. These results indicated that the effects of LW-AFC on cognitive impairments in SAMP8 mice might be through modulation of N-glycan patterns, and LW-AFC may be a potential anti-AD agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wang
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaorui Cheng
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ju Zeng
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jiangbei Yuan
- 3Educational Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Life Sciences College, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- 3Educational Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Life Sciences College, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
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Discovering potential serological biomarker for chronic Hepatitis B Virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese population by MAL-associated serum glycoproteomics analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:38918. [PMID: 28079114 PMCID: PMC5228127 DOI: 10.1038/srep38918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The accuracy of current biomarkers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-related HCC, is limited. Recent progress in glycoproteomics has provided a novel platform for screening novel serological biomarkers of HCC. In this study, lectin affinity chromatography by Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL) and iTRAQ combined with mass spectrometric analysis were performed to enrich and identify the glycoprotein fractions in serum samples from HBV-related HCC patients and from healthy controls. Seventeen differential MAL-associated glycoproteins were identified. Among them, Galectin 3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) was selected for further evaluated by ELISA analysis and showed a high diagnostic potential of HBV-related HCC, with the AUC of 0.898 and a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 80.00%, 93.75% and 86.88%, respectively. Moreover, we constructed a predictive model through the combined use of serum Gal-3BP and Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), which improved the sensitivity (from 87.5% to 95%), specificity (from 93.75% to 95%) and accuracy (from 90.63% to 95%) of diagnosing early HCC. These data suggested serum Gal-3BP level is a promising biomarker to identify HBV-related HCC and the combined use of serum Gal-3BP and AFP improves the diagnostic potential of HBV-HCC compared with AFP alone in current clinical practice.
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Wolters-Eisfeld G, Schumacher U. Lectin Histochemistry for Metastasizing and Non-metastasizing Cancer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1560:121-132. [PMID: 28155149 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6788-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in glycosylation of the cancer cell glycocalyx are a hallmark of metastasizing cancers and critically contribute to distant metastasis. In this chapter we concentrate on two lectins capable of specifically binding tumor-associated glycans in cryostat or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections derived from primary clinical material, genetically engineered mouse models with endogenous cancer formation or xenograft mouse models. The snail lectin of Helix pomatia (HPA) binds N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) that is expressed among others as Tn antigen (O-linked GalNAc) in primary tumors and metastases in several human adenocarcinomas. Another lectin, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) binds to complex β1-6 branched N-linked oligosaccharides associated with increased metastatic potential in breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Using these two lectins both O- and N-linked alterations in the glycocalyx of cancer cells can be monitored. As they are commercially available in a biotinylated or fluorescence-labeled form they can be readily used in cancer metastasis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Wolters-Eisfeld
- Medical Glycobiology Group, Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
Lectins, discovered more than 100 years ago and defined by their ability to selectively recognize specific carbohydrate structures, are ubiquitous in living organisms. Their precise functions are as yet under-explored and incompletely understood but they are clearly involved, through recognition of their binding partners, in a myriad of biological mechanisms involved in cell identity, adhesion, signaling, growth regulation, in health and disease. Understanding the complex "sugar code" represented by the glycome is a major challenge and at the forefront of current biological research. Lectins have been widely employed in histochemical studies to map glycosylation in cells and tissues. Here, a brief history of the discovery of lectins and early developments in their use is presented along with a selection of some of the most interesting and significant discoveries to emerge from use of lectin histochemistry. Further, an evaluation of the next generation of lectin-based technologies is presented, including the potential for designing recombinant lectins with more precisely defined binding characteristics, linking lectin-based studies with other technologies to answer fundamental questions in glycobiology, and approaches to exploring the interactions of lectins with their binding partners in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Brooks
- Department of Biological & Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
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32
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Pan S, Brentnall TA, Chen R. Glycoproteins and glycoproteomics in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9288-9299. [PMID: 27895417 PMCID: PMC5107693 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i42.9288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrations in protein glycosylation and polysaccharides play a pivotal role in pancreatic tumorigenesis, influencing cancer progression, metastasis, immuno-response and chemoresistance. Abnormal expression in sugar moieties can impact the function of various glycoproteins, including mucins, surface receptors, adhesive proteins, proteoglycans, as well as their effectors and binding ligands, resulting in an increase in pancreatic cancer invasiveness and a cancer-favored microenvironment. Recent advance in glycoproteomics, glycomics and other chemical biology techniques have been employed to better understand the complex mechanism of glycosylation events and how they orchestrate molecular activities in genomics, proteomics and metabolomics implicated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A variety of strategies have been demonstrated targeting protein glycosylation and polysaccharides for diagnostic and therapeutic development.
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Sethi MK, Hancock WS, Fanayan S. Identifying N-Glycan Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer by Mass Spectrometry. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2099-2106. [PMID: 27653471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Delineating biological markers (biomarkers) for early detection, when treatment is most effective, is key to prevention and long-term survival of patients. Development of reliable biomarkers requires an increased understanding of the CRC biology and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of the disease. With recent advances in new technologies and approaches, tremendous efforts have been put in proteomics and genomics fields to deliver detailed analysis of the two major biomolecules, genes and proteins, to gain a more complete understanding of cellular systems at both genomic and proteomic levels, allowing a mechanistic understanding of the human diseases, including cancer, and opening avenues for identification of novel gene and protein based prognostic and therapeutic markers. Although the importance of glycosylation in modulating protein function has long been appreciated, glycan analysis has been complicated by the diversity of the glycan structures and the large number of potential glycosylation combinations. Driven by recent technological advances, LC-MS/MS based glycomics is gaining momentum in cancer research and holds considerable potential to deliver new glycan-based markers. In our laboratory, we investigated alterations in N-glycosylation associated with CRC malignancy in a panel of CRC cell lines and CRC patient tissues. In an initial study, LC-MS/MS-based N-glycomics were utilized to map the N-glycome landscape associated with a panel of CRC cell lines (LIM1215, LIM1899, and LIM2405). These studies were subsequently extended to paired tumor and nontumorigenic CRC tissues to validate the findings in the cell line. Our studies in both CRC cell lines and tissues identified a strong representation of high mannose and α2,6-linked sialylated complex N-glycans, which corroborate findings from previous studies in CRC and other cancers. In addition, certain unique glycan determinants such as bisecting β1,4-GlcNAcylation and α2,3-sialylation, identified in the metastatic (LIM1215) and aggressive (LIM2405) CRC cell lines, respectively, were shown to be associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression status. In this Account, we will describe the mass spectrometry based N-glycomics approach utilized in our laboratory to accurately profile the cell- and tissue-specific N-glycomes associated with CRC. We will highlight altered N-glycosylation observed by our studies, consistent with findings from other cancer studies, and discuss how the observed alterations can provide insights into CRC pathogenesis, opening new avenues to identify novel disease-associated glycan markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manveen K. Sethi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - William S. Hancock
- Barnett
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Susan Fanayan
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
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Szabo R, Skropeta D. Advancement of Sialyltransferase Inhibitors: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:219-270. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Szabo
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Centre for Medical & Molecular Bioscience; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
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Cagnoni AJ, Pérez Sáez JM, Rabinovich GA, Mariño KV. Turning-Off Signaling by Siglecs, Selectins, and Galectins: Chemical Inhibition of Glycan-Dependent Interactions in Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:109. [PMID: 27242953 PMCID: PMC4865499 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation, a common feature associated with malignancy, has been implicated in important events during cancer progression. Our understanding of the role of glycans in cancer has grown exponentially in the last few years, concurrent with important advances in glycomics and glycoproteomic technologies, paving the way for the validation of a number of glycan structures as potential glycobiomarkers. However, the molecular bases underlying cancer-associated glycan modifications are still far from understood. Glycans exhibit a natural heterogeneity, crucial for their diverse functional roles as specific carriers of biologically relevant information. This information is decoded by families of proteins named lectins, including sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins (siglecs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and galectins. Siglecs are primarily expressed on the surface of immune cells and differentially control innate and adaptive immune responses. Among CLRs, selectins are a family of cell adhesion molecules that mediate interactions between cancer cells and platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells, thus facilitating tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Galectins, a family of soluble proteins that bind β-galactoside-containing glycans, have been implicated in diverse events associated with cancer biology such as apoptosis, homotypic cell aggregation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and tumor-immune escape. Consequently, individual members of these lectin families have become promising targets for the design of novel anticancer therapies. During the past decade, a number of inhibitors of lectin–glycan interactions have been developed including small-molecule inhibitors, multivalent saccharide ligands, and more recently peptides and peptidomimetics have offered alternatives for tackling tumor progression. In this article, we review the current status of the discovery and development of chemical lectin inhibitors and discuss novel strategies to limit cancer progression by targeting lectin–glycan interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Pérez Sáez
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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36
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Lewicky JD, Ulanova M, Jiang ZH. Synthesis of a TLR4 Agonist-Carbohydrate Antigen Conjugate As A Self-Adjuvanting Cancer Vaccine. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Lewicky
- Department of Chemistry; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada; 41 Ramsey Lake Road Sudbury, Ontario P3E 5J1 Canada
| | - Marina Ulanova
- Medical Sciences Division; Northern Ontario School of Medicine; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
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Xiao H, Smeekens JM, Wu R. Quantification of tunicamycin-induced protein expression and N-glycosylation changes in yeast. Analyst 2016; 141:3737-45. [PMID: 27007503 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00144k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tunicamycin is a potent protein N-glycosylation inhibitor that has frequently been used to manipulate protein glycosylation in cells. However, protein expression and glycosylation changes as a result of tunicamycin treatment are still unclear. Using yeast as a model system, we systematically investigated the cellular response to tunicamycin at the proteome and N-glycoproteome levels. By utilizing modern mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we quantified 4259 proteins, which nearly covers the entire yeast proteome. After the three-hour tunicamycin treatment, more than 5% of proteins were down-regulated by at least 2 fold, among which proteins related to several glycan metabolism and glycolysis-related pathways were highly enriched. Furthermore, several proteins in the canonical unfolded protein response pathway were up-regulated because the inhibition of protein N-glycosylation impacts protein folding and trafficking. We also comprehensively quantified protein glycosylation changes in tunicamycin-treated cells, and more than one third of quantified unique glycopeptides (168 of 465 peptides) were down-regulated. Proteins containing down-regulated glycopeptides were related to glycosylation, glycoprotein metabolic processes, carbohydrate processes, and cell wall organization according to gene ontology clustering. The current results provide the first global view of the cellular response to tunicamycin at the proteome and glycoproteome levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
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Nardy AFFR, Freire-de-Lima L, Freire-de-Lima CG, Morrot A. The Sweet Side of Immune Evasion: Role of Glycans in the Mechanisms of Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2016; 6:54. [PMID: 27014629 PMCID: PMC4783415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are part of the essential components of a cell. These compounds play a fundamental role in several physiopathological processes, including cell differentiation, adhesion, motility, signal transduction, host-pathogen interactions, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis development. Glycans are also able to exert control over the changes in tumor immunogenecity, interfering with tumor editing events and leading to immune-resistant cancer cells. The involvement of glycans in cancer progression is related to glycosylation alterations. Understanding such changes is, therefore, extremely useful to set the stage for their use as biomarkers, improving the diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. Herein, we discuss the basis of how modifications in glycosylation patterns may contribute to cancer genesis and progression as well as their importance in oncology field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Célio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Silva MLS. Cancer serum biomarkers based on aberrant post-translational modifications of glycoproteins: Clinical value and discovery strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:165-77. [PMID: 26232626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increase in life expectancy in the last decades, as well as changes in lifestyle, cancer has become one of the most common diseases both in developed and developing countries. Early detection remains the most promising approach to improve long-term survival of cancer patients and this may be achieved by efficient screening of biomarkers in biological fluids. Great efforts have been made to identify specific alterations during oncogenesis. Changes at the cellular glycosylation profiles are among such alterations. The "glycosylation machinery" of cells is affected by malignant transformation due to the altered expression of glycogens, leading to changes in glycan biosynthesis and diversity. Alterations in the post-translational modifications of proteins that occur in cancer result in the expression of antigenically distinct glycoproteins. Therefore, these aberrant and cancer-specific glycoproteins and the autoantibodies that are produced in response to their presence constitute targets for cancer biomarkers' search. Different strategies have been implemented for the discovery of cancer glycobiomarkers and are herein reviewed, along with their potentialities and limitations. Practical issues related with serum analysis are also addressed, as well as the challenges that this area faces in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luísa S Silva
- Centre of Chemical Research, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México.
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Revealing Glycoproteins in the Secretome of MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:453289. [PMID: 26167486 PMCID: PMC4488092 DOI: 10.1155/2015/453289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the major issues in the field of oncology, reported with a higher prevalence rate in women worldwide. In attempt to reveal the potential biomarkers for breast cancer, the findings of differentially glycosylated haptoglobin and osteonectin in previous study have drawn our attention towards glycoproteins of secretome from the MCF-7 cancer cell line. In the present study, further analyses were performed on the medium of MCF-7 cells by subjecting it to two-dimensional analyses followed by image analysis in contrast to the medium of human mammary epithelial cells (HMEpC) as a negative control. Carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), haptoglobin (HP), and HSC70 were detected in the medium of MCF-7, while only CPA4 and osteonectin (ON) were detected in HMEpC medium. In addition, CPA4 was detected as upregulated in the MCF-7 medium. Further analysis by lectin showed that CPA4, AAT, HP, and HSC70 were secreted as N-glycan in the medium of MCF-7, with HP also showing differentially N-glycosylated isoforms. For the HMEpC, only CPA4 was detected as N-glycan. No O-glycan was detected in the medium of HMEpC but MCF-7 expressed O-glycosylated CPA4 and HSC70. All these revealed that glycoproteins could be used as glycan-based biomarkers for the prognosis of breast cancer.
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41
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Stowell SR, Ju T, Cummings RD. Protein glycosylation in cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2015; 10:473-510. [PMID: 25621663 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 574] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic transformation results in a wide variety of cellular alterations that impact the growth, survival, and general behavior of affected tissue. Although genetic alterations underpin the development of neoplastic disease, epigenetic changes can exert an equally significant effect on neoplastic transformation. Among neoplasia-associated epigenetic alterations, changes in cellular glycosylation have recently received attention as a key component of neoplastic progression. Alterations in glycosylation appear to not only directly impact cell growth and survival but also facilitate tumor-induced immunomodulation and eventual metastasis. Many of these changes may support neoplastic progression, and unique alterations in tumor-associated glycosylation may also serve as a distinct feature of cancer cells and therefore provide novel diagnostic and even therapeutic targets.
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Pan S, Brentnall TA, Chen R. Proteomics analysis of bodily fluids in pancreatic cancer. Proteomics 2015; 15:2705-15. [PMID: 25780901 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics study of pancreatic cancer using bodily fluids emphasizes biomarker discovery and clinical application, presenting unique prospect and challenges. Depending on the physiological nature of the bodily fluid and its proximity to pancreatic cancer, the proteomes of bodily fluids, such as pancreatic juice, pancreatic cyst fluid, blood, bile, and urine, can be substantially different in terms of protein constitution and the dynamic range of protein concentration. Thus, a comprehensive discovery and specific detection of cancer-associated proteins within these varied fluids is a complex task, requiring rigorous experiment design and a concerted approach. While major challenges still remain, fluid proteomics studies in pancreatic cancer to date have provided a wealth of information in revealing proteome alterations associated with pancreatic cancer in various bodily fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Pan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ru Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Hakamata W, Miura K, Hirano T, Nishio T. Identification of a novel glycan processing enzyme with exo-acting β-allosidase activity in the Golgi apparatus using a new platform for the synthesis of fluorescent substrates. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:73-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Macroporous cryogel based spin column with immobilized concanavalin A for isolation of glycoproteins. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:1344-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Increased sialylation of anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (CD176) antibodies in patients with gastric cancer: a diagnostic and prognostic potential. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:830847. [PMID: 25276822 PMCID: PMC4168149 DOI: 10.1155/2014/830847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study whether alterations in the sialylation of antibodies (Ab) specific to the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) glycotope have a diagnostic and prognostic potential in gastric cancer. METHODS Serum samples were taken from patients with gastric carcinoma (n = 142) and controls (n = 61). The level of TF-specific antibodies and their sialylation was detected using ELISA with synthetic TF-polyacrylamide conjugate as antigen and sialic acid-specific Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA). RESULTS The level of TF-specific IgM was significantly decreased in cancer compared with controls (P ≤ 0.001). Cancer patients showed a higher level of SNA binding to anti-TF IgM and IgA (P ≤ 0.001) irrespective of disease stage, tumor morphology, and gender. Changes in the SNA/Ab index demonstrated moderate sensitivity (66-71%) and specificity (60-73%) for stomach cancer. The best diagnostic accuracy (100%) was achieved in 29% patients with high SNA binding and low anti-TF IgM level. This subset of patients demonstrated the poorest survival. CONCLUSION Our findings are the first evidence that the increased sialylation of TF-specific Abs combined with a low level of anti-TF IgM is strongly linked to gastric cancer and patients survival, which can be used as a novel biomarker for cancer detection and prognosis.
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Xue J, Laine RA, Matta KL. Enhancing MS(n) mass spectrometry strategy for carbohydrate analysis: A b2 ion spectral library. J Proteomics 2014; 112:224-49. [PMID: 25175058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Searchable mass spectral libraries for glycans may be enhanced using a B2 ion library. Using a quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer, successive fragmentations of sodiated oligosaccharides were carried out in the positive ion mode. In B,Y-type fragmentation, disaccharide B2 ions are generated which correspond to specific glycosidic linkages using progressive MS stages. Fragmentation of "B2 ions" corresponding to glycosidic linkages such as Hex-Fuc, Hex-Hex, Hex-HexNAc, HexNAc-Hex and HexNAc-HexNAc, were systematically studied in low energy CID and collected to form a "B2 library". Linkages produce characteristic fragmentation patterns in the absence of cross-ring fragmentation. Patterns of "B2 ions" rely on relative stability of glycosidic bonds and carbohydrate-metal complexes in the gas phase. MS(n) studies of linear, branched trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides show that isomers for which B2 ion information is not available are rarely a problem in practice by their absence in an isomeric sequence or by their scarcity in nature. This MS strategy for linkage determination of carbohydrates aided by a "B2 library" was developed with a scope for expansion, providing an improved tool for glycomics. We validated this method examining levels of expressed activities of two glycosyl transferases in cancer cell lines: β3(B3GALNT2) and β4GalNAcT(B4GALNT3&4) that generate GalNAcβ3GlcNAcβ and GalNAcβ4GlcNAcβ. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glycosylation is an important class of the "postranslationome", which includes manifold aspects of post-translational protein modification, affecting protein conformation, providing ligands for protein receptors [1-5], and encoding unique haptenic [6,7] or antigenic markers for oncology [8-11] and other applications. Identification of individual monomeric units, linkages, ring size, branching and anomerity has posed significant challenges to mass spectrometrists. MS(n) is a growing key instrumental method to differentiate among isomers [12]. While the potential isomers in oligosaccharides are impossibly large [12], likely possibilities can be limited by the biological system, including the expressed glycosyl transferases [13-20]. Mass spectra from sequential stages of collision activation (MS(n)) can supply structural details for precise characterization of linkage, monomer ID, substitutions, anomerity and branching [21-25]. There is a fundamental need for high throughput tools in glycomics to complement proteome studies. In that regard, nothing could be more important than searchable spectral library files for structural confirmation. The National Academy of Science (NAS) report (http://glyco.nas.edu) recommends the need of more than 10,000 synthetic structures of carbohydrates to advance the field of glycomics. This study demonstrates that the general reproducibility of ion trap spectra, and energy independence from modes of ionization and collisional activation, make compiling an MS(n) library for carbohydrate identification an achievable research target [26]. We intend to use the new B2 library for carbohydrate differences found on cancers, where we profile the glycosyltransferases to predict classes of potential structures, and use the library for MS identification of the expected cohort of altered structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Roger A Laine
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Louisiana State University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; TumorEnd, LLC, Louisiana Emerging Technology Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Khushi L Matta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; TumorEnd, LLC, Louisiana Emerging Technology Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Chik JHL, Zhou J, Moh ESX, Christopherson R, Clarke SJ, Molloy MP, Packer NH. Comprehensive glycomics comparison between colon cancer cell cultures and tumours: implications for biomarker studies. J Proteomics 2014; 108:146-62. [PMID: 24840470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Altered glycosylation is commonly observed in colorectal cancer. In vitro models are frequently used to study this cancer but little is known about the differences that may exist between these model cell systems and tumour tissue. We have compared the membrane protein glycosylation of five colorectal cancer cell lines (SW1116, SW480, SW620, SW837, LS174T) with epithelial cells from colorectal tumours using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Remarkably, there were five abundant O-glycans in the tumour cells that were undetected in the low-mucin producing cell lines, although two were found in the mucinous LS174T cells. The O-glycans included the well-known glycan cancer marker, sialyl-Tn, which has been associated with mucins. Using qRT-PCR, sialyl-Tn expression was found to be associated with an increase in α2,6-sialyltransferase gene (ST6GALNAC1) and a decrease in core 1 synthase gene (C1GALT1) in LS174T cells. The expression of a subset of mucins (MUC2, MUC6, MUC5B) was also correlated with sialyl-Tn expression in LS174T cells. Overall, the membrane protein glycosylation of the model cell lines was found to differ from each other and from the epithelial cells of tumour tissue. These findings should be noted in the design of biomarker discovery experiments particularly when cell surface targets are being investigated. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The extent of protein glycosylation differences between in vitro cell lines and ex vivo tumours in colorectal cancer research is unknown. Our study expands current knowledge by characterising the membrane protein glycosylation profiles of five different colorectal cancer cell lines and of epithelial cells derived from resected colorectal cancer tumour tissue, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The detailed structural differences found in both N- and O-linked glycan structures on the membrane glycoproteins were determined and correlated with the mRNA expression of the relevant proteins in the cell lines. The glycosylation differences found between cultured cancer cell lines and epithelial cells from tumour tissue have important implications for glycan biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny H L Chik
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jerry Zhou
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Edward S X Moh
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Stephen J Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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Amon R, Reuven EM, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Padler-Karavani V. Glycans in immune recognition and response. Carbohydr Res 2014; 389:115-22. [PMID: 24680512 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycans at the forefront of cells facilitate immune recognition processes. Cancer cells commonly present altered cell surface glycosylation, especially manifested in the expression of sialic acid at the termini of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Although tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) result in expression of altered-self, most such carbohydrates do not elicit strong humoral responses. Various strategies had been devised to elicit increased immunogenicity of such TACA aiming for potent immunotherapeutic antibodies or cancer vaccines. However some carbohydrates are immunogenic in humans and hold potential for novel glycotherapies. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a foreign immunogenic sugar in humans originating from the diet (e.g., red meat) and subsequently expressed on the cell surface, especially accumulating on carcinoma. Consequently, the human immune system detects this non-self carbohydrate generating a broad anti-Neu5Gc antibody response. The co-existence of Neu5Gc/anti-Neu5Gc within humans spurs chronic inflammation mediated disease, including cancer. Concurrently, anti-Neu5Gc antibodies hold potential for novel targeted therapy. αGal is another foreign immunogenic carbohydrate antigen in humans and all humans have circulating anti-Gal antibodies. This review aims to describe the immunogenicity of Neu5Gc and its implications for human diseases, highlighting differences and similarities with αGal and its potential for novel targeted theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Amon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eliran Moshe Reuven
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Pan S, Chen R, Tamura Y, Crispin DA, Lai LA, May DH, McIntosh MW, Goodlett DR, Brentnall TA. Quantitative glycoproteomics analysis reveals changes in N-glycosylation level associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1293-306. [PMID: 24471499 PMCID: PMC3993895 DOI: 10.1021/pr4010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation plays an important role in epithelial cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, little is known about the glycoproteome of the human pancreas or its alterations associated with pancreatic tumorigenesis. Using quantitative glycoproteomics approach, we investigated protein N-glycosylation in pancreatic tumor tissue in comparison with normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis tissue. The study lead to the discovery of a roster of glycoproteins with aberrant N-glycosylation level associated with pancreatic cancer, including mucin-5AC (MUC5AC), carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP3), and galectin-3-binding protein (LGALS3BP). Pathway analysis of cancer-associated aberrant glycoproteins revealed an emerging phenomenon that increased activity of N-glycosylation was implicated in several pancreatic cancer pathways, including TGF-β, TNF, NF-kappa-B, and TFEB-related lysosomal changes. In addition, the study provided evidence that specific N-glycosylation sites within certain individual proteins can have significantly altered glycosylation occupancy in pancreatic cancer, reflecting the complexity of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer-associated glycosylation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Pan
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , 1959 North East Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Leung KSY, Fong BMW. LC–MS/MS in the routine clinical laboratory: has its time come? Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:2289-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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