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Stasiak M, Maćkiw E, Kowalska J, Kucharek K, Postupolski J. Silent Genes: Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Production. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 70:421-429. [PMID: 35003274 PMCID: PMC8702603 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Silent genes are DNA sequences that are generally not expressed or expressed at a very low level. These genes become active as a result of mutation, recombination, or insertion. Silent genes can also be activated in laboratory conditions using pleiotropic, targeted genome-wide, or biosynthetic gene cluster approaches. Like every other gene, silent genes can spread through horizontal gene transfer. Most studies have focused on strains with phenotypic resistance, which is the most common subject. However, to fully understand the mechanism behind the spreading of antibiotic resistance, it is reasonable to study the whole resistome, including silent genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stasiak
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Maćkiw
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharek
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Postupolski
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Relationship Between Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and O-Serogroups in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Iraqi Patients. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.118833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The O-antigen is one of the uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) virulence factors used as a biomarker to classify E. coli strains. Objectives: In this study, the relationship between antibiotic resistance patterns and O-serogroups was investigated in UPEC strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in southern Iraq. Methods: A total of 100 UPEC isolates from the urine specimens of patients with UTIs within the age range of 4 months to 78 years in various southern Iraqi hospitals were collected (May 2017 to January 2018) and confirmed using biochemical tests (e.g., Analytical Profile Index 20E). Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using the disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The multiple polymerase chain reaction technique was applied to investigate the prevalence of O-serogroups. Results: The most frequent serogroups in the E. coli isolates were O8 (27.7%) and O25 (24.4%); however, serogroup O83 was not observed in the samples. Serogroups O75, O6, O16, and O18 had the lowest frequency (1.1%) among the examined isolates. Furthermore, 10% of the isolates did not belong to any of the examined serogroups. The phenotypic tests showed that the highest and the lowest resistance belonged to piperacillin (92%) and imipenem (5%), respectively. Serogroups O4 and O21 showed the highest drug resistance; nevertheless, serogroups O75, O18, and O1 showed the lowest drug resistance. Additionally, 94% of the isolates were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics. Conclusions: According to the results, UPEC isolates showed high resistance to common antibiotics; however, they were sensitive to imipenem and amikacin. Serogroups O8 and O25 were the most common among UPEC isolates. Moreover, O4 and O21 showed the highest drug resistance. There was a direct relationship between antimicrobial resistance and O-serogroups in UPEC isolates.
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Oliveira WK, Ferrarini M, Morello LG, Faoro H. Resistome analysis of bloodstream infection bacterial genomes reveals a specific set of proteins involved in antibiotic resistance and drug efflux. NAR Genom Bioinform 2020; 2:lqaa055. [PMID: 33575606 PMCID: PMC7671365 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global public health problem. Its association with bloodstream infections is even more severe and may easily evolve to sepsis. To improve our response to these bacteria, it is essential to gather thorough knowledge on the main pathogens along with the main mechanisms of resistance they carry. In this paper, we performed a large meta-analysis of 3872 bacterial genomes isolated from blood samples, from which we identified 71 745 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Taxonomic analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes phyla, and the species Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were the most represented. Comparison of ARGs with the Resfams database showed that the main mechanism of antibiotic resistance is mediated by efflux pumps. Clustering analysis between resistome of blood and soil-isolated bacteria showed that there is low identity between transport and efflux proteins between bacteria from these environments. Furthermore, a correlation analysis among all features showed that K. pneumoniae and S. aureus formed two well-defined clusters related to the resistance mechanisms, proteins and antibiotics. A retrospective analysis has shown that the average number of ARGs per genome has gradually increased. The results demonstrate the importance of comprehensive studies to understand the antibiotic resistance phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian K Oliveira
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ferrarini
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Luis G Morello
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Helisson Faoro
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, 81350-010, Brazil
- Graduate Program on Bioinformatics, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, 81520-260, Brazil
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Jayatilake PL, Munasinghe H. Antimicrobial Activity of Cultivable Endophytic and Rhizosphere Fungi Associated with "Mile-a-Minute," Mikania cordata (Asteraceae). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5292571. [PMID: 32626746 PMCID: PMC7315265 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5292571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic and rhizosphere fungi are understood to be aiding the host plant to overcome a range of biotic and abiotic stresses (nutrition depletion, droughts, etc.) hence, they remain to be reservoirs of plethora of natural products with immense use. Consequently, this investigation of endophytic and rhizosphere fungi isolated from Mikania cordata (a perennial vine that is well established in Sri Lanka) for their antimicrobial properties was performed with the aim of future derivation of potential beneficial pharmaceutical products. Leaves, twigs, and roots of M. cordata were utilized to isolate a total of 9 endophytic fungi out of which the highest amount (44%) accounted was from the twigs. A sample of the immediate layer of soil adhering to the root of M. cordata was utilized to isolate 15 rhizosphere fungi. Fusarium equiseti and Phoma medicaginis were endophytes that were identified based on colony and molecular characteristics. The broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity depicted by F. equiseti (MK517551) was found to be significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05, inhibitory against Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25853) than P. medicaginis (MK517550) (inhibitory against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25853) as assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma asperellum were rhizospere fungi that exhibited remarkable antimicrobial properties against the test pathogens chosen for the study. T. asperellum indicated significantly greater bioactivity against all four bacterial pathogens and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 under study. The ranges of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the fungi depicting antimicrobial properties were determined. The results obtained suggest that F. equiseti, P. medicaginis, T. asperellum, and T. virens of M. cordata harness bioprospective values as natural drug candidates. This is the first report on isolation and evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of endophytic and rhizosphere fungi of Mikania cordata.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helani Munasinghe
- Department of Botany, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
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Górny D, Guzik U, Hupert-Kocurek K, Wojcieszyńska D. Naproxen ecotoxicity and biodegradation by Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) strain. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:505-512. [PMID: 30368144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
High level of naproxen consumption leads to the appearance of this drug in the environment but its possible effects on non-target organisms together with its biodegradation are not well studied. The aim of this work was to evaluate naproxen ecotoxicity by using the Microbial Assay for Risk Assessment. Moreover, Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) was tested for both ecotoxicity and the ability of this strain to degrade naproxen in cometabolic conditions. The results indicate that the mean value of microbial toxic concentration estimated by MARA test amounts to 1.66 g/L whereas EC50 of naproxen for B1(2015b) strain was 4.69 g/L. At toxic concentration, Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) showed 16:0 iso 3OH fatty acid presence and an increase in the ratio of total saturated to unsaturated fatty acids. High resistance of the examined strain to naproxen correlated with its ability to degrade this drug in cometabolic conditions. The results of bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) revealed that naproxen at concentrations above 1 g/L showed genotoxic effect but the response was not dose-dependent. Maximal specific naproxen removal rate was observed at pH 6.5 and 30 °C, and in the presence of 0.5 g/L glucose as a growth substrate. Kinetic analysis allowed estimation of the half saturation constant (Ks) and the maximum specific naproxen removal rate (qmax) as 6.86 mg/L and 1.26 mg/L day, respectively. These results indicate that Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) has a high ability to degrade naproxen and is a potential tool for bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Górny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Urszula Guzik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Hupert-Kocurek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Danuta Wojcieszyńska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
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Chagas MBDO, Prazeres Dos Santos I, Nascimento da Silva LC, Correia MTDS, Magali de Araújo J, Cavalcanti MDS, Lima VLDM. Antimicrobial Activity of Cultivable Endophytic Fungi Associated with Hancornia Speciosa Gomes Bark. Open Microbiol J 2017; 11:179-188. [PMID: 29151994 PMCID: PMC5678234 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801711010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial potential of cultivable endophytic fungi associated with Hancornia speciosa Gomes stem bark. Methods and Materials: Plant samples were collected in rainy (July 2010) and dry (January 2011) seasons. In total, 116 endophytic fungi strains were isolated from 90 fragments (64.4% frequency of colonization). Higher fungi frequency was observed in the rainy season (84.4%). The strains were grouped into 14 species; the most frequent were Phoma cava (13.8%), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (12.1%), and Lasiodiplodia theobromae (11.2%). Fungal diversity was similar in both the seasons. Among the 116 strains, 39 (33.6%) showed antimicrobial activity in preliminary screening. The ten most active isolates were subjected to semi-solid fermentation using rice or corn as substrates. Methanolic extracts were obtained from each fermentation medium and the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum microbicide concentrations (MMC) were determined. Results: The best antimicrobial results (MIC < 100 µg/mL) were observed for fungi strains grown in rice medium: Aspergillus niger FHS061 against Proteus mirabilis (MIC = 19 µg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 39 µg/mL). These strains also showed good results when cultivated in corn medium against P. mirabilis (MIC = 78 µg/mL). Conclusion: Thus, the stem bark of H. speciosa harbors diverse endophytic fungi with antimicrobial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardonny Bruno de Oliveira Chagas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, S/Nº, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Irailton Prazeres Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, S/Nº, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, S/Nº, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Janete Magali de Araújo
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Nelson Chaves, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Marilene da Silva Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Nelson Chaves, Cidade Universitária, S/N, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia de Menezes Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, S/Nº, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
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Amaral L, Viveiros M. Thioridazine: A Non-Antibiotic Drug Highly Effective, in Combination with First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs, against Any Form of Antibiotic Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Due to Its Multi-Mechanisms of Action. Antibiotics (Basel) 2017; 6:antibiotics6010003. [PMID: 28098814 PMCID: PMC5372983 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics6010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents the evidence that supports the use of thioridazine (TZ) for the therapy of a pulmonary tuberculosis infection regardless of its antibiotic resistance status. The evidence consists of in vitro and ex vivo assays that demonstrate the activity of TZ against all encountered Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) regardless of its antibiotic resistance phenotype, as well as in vivo as a therapy for mice infected with multi-drug resistant strains of Mtb, or for human subjects infected with extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mtb. The mechanisms of action by which TZ brings about successful therapeutic outcomes are presented in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Amaral
- Insititute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon 1349-008, Portugal.
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon 1349-008, Portugal.
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8
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Ajuebor J, McAuliffe O, O'Mahony J, Ross RP, Hill C, Coffey A. Bacteriophage endolysins and their applications. Sci Prog 2016; 99:183-199. [PMID: 28742472 PMCID: PMC10365499 DOI: 10.3184/003685016x14627913637705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endolysins (lysins) are bacteriophage-encoded enzymes that have evolved to degrade specific bonds within the bacterial cell wall. These enzymes represent a novel class of antibacterial agents against infectious pathogens, especially in light of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which have made antibiotic therapy increasingly redundant. Lysins have been used successfully to eliminate/control bacterial pathogens in various anatomical locations in mouse and other animal models. Engineering tactics have also been successfully applied to improve lysin function. This review discusses the structure and function of lysins. It highlights protein-engineering tactics utilised to improve lysin activity. It also reviews the applications of lysins towards food biopreservation, therapeutics, biofilm elimination and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jim O'Mahony
- Cork Institute of Technology (CIT) at the Department of Biological Sciences
| | - R. Paul Ross
- Dean of the College of Science Engineering and Food Science at University College Cork
| | - Colin Hill
- University College Cork and a Principal Investigator in the Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Cork Institute of Technology at the Department of Biological Sciences and Head of the BioExplore Research Centre
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Xie X, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Li A, Wang M, Zhou H, Zhu X, Schneider Z, Chen L, Kreiswirth BN, Du H. RpoE is a Putative Antibiotic Resistance Regulator of Salmonella enteric Serovar Typhi. Curr Microbiol 2016; 72:457-64. [PMID: 26742769 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial antimicrobial resistance has been associated with the up regulation of genes encoding efflux pumps and the down regulation of genes encoding outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Gene expression in bacteria is primarily initiated by sigma factors (σ factors) such as RpoE, which plays an important role in responding to many environmental stresses. Here, we report the first observation that RpoE serves as an antibiotic resistance regulator in Salmonella enteric serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). In this study, we found that the rpoE mutant (ΔrpoE) of S. Typhi GIFU10007 has elevated resistance to several antimicrobial agents, including β-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides. Genomic DNA microarray analysis was used to investigate the differential gene expression profiles between a wild type and rpoE mutant in response to ampicillin. The results showed that a total of 57 genes displayed differential expression (two-fold increase or decrease) in ΔrpoE versus the wild-type strain. The expressions of two outer membrane protein genes, ompF and ompC, were significantly down-regulated in ΔrpoE (six and seven-fold lower in comparison to wild-type strain) and RamA, a member of the efflux pump AraC/XylS family, was up-regulated about four-fold in the ΔrpoE. Our results suggest RpoE is a potential antimicrobial regulator in S. Typhi, controlling both the down regulation of the OMP genes and up-regulating the efflux system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueming Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zachary Schneider
- Public Health Research Institute Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Public Health Research Institute Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Barry N Kreiswirth
- Public Health Research Institute Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Bacterial Adaptation during Chronic Respiratory Infections. Pathogens 2015; 4:66-89. [PMID: 25738646 PMCID: PMC4384073 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens4010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality for individuals with underlying respiratory conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The process of chronic colonisation allows pathogens to adapt over time to cope with changing selection pressures, co-infecting species and antimicrobial therapies. These adaptations can occur due to environmental pressures in the lung such as inflammatory responses, hypoxia, nutrient deficiency, osmolarity, low pH and antibiotic therapies. Phenotypic adaptations in bacterial pathogens from acute to chronic infection include, but are not limited to, antibiotic resistance, exopolysaccharide production (mucoidy), loss in motility, formation of small colony variants, increased mutation rate, quorum sensing and altered production of virulence factors associated with chronic infection. The evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during chronic lung infection has been widely studied. More recently, the adaptations that other chronically colonising respiratory pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Burkholderia cepacia complex and Haemophilus influenzae undergo during chronic infection have also been investigated. This review aims to examine the adaptations utilised by different bacterial pathogens to aid in their evolution from acute to chronic pathogens of the immunocompromised lung including CF and COPD.
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Broniatowski M, Mastalerz P, Flasiński M. Studies of the interactions of ursane-type bioactive terpenes with the model of Escherichia coli inner membrane-Langmuir monolayer approach. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1848:469-76. [PMID: 25450351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes (PT), ursolic acid (Urs), and α-amyrin (AMalf) are natural products exhibiting broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. These compounds are membrane-active and can disorder bacterial membranes when incorporated; however, the exact mechanism of their membrane activity is unknown. In our studies, we applied Langmuir monolayer technique supported by Brewster angle microscopy to model the interactions of the selected PT with the lipid matrix of E. coli inner membrane. As the model membrane, we applied mixtures (75/25 mole/.mole %) of the representative Escherichia coli phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE), with the cardiolipin (ECCL) or phosphatidylglycerol (ECPG) extracted from the E. coli inner membrane. On the basis of the recorded isotherms, we performed thermodynamic analysis and calculated free energy of mixing ΔGexc. It turned out that the phospholipids forming the inner membrane of E. coli are ideally miscible, whereas in binary systems composed of PT and POPE, negative deviations from ideality indicating attractive interactions between the investigated PT and POPE molecules were observed. On the other hand, in ternary systems composed of PT, POPE and one of the E. coli anionic phospholipids large positive changes in ΔGexc were observed. Thus, both PT exhibit disorganizing effect on the model E. coli membrane. It was also proved that at low terpene proportion, AMalf can be more active than Urs. However, at higher proportion Urs incorporation can lead to the disintegration of cardiolipin-rich domains present in bacterial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Broniatowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3,30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Mastalerz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3,30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Flasiński
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3,30-387 Kraków, Poland
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12
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Andersen JL, He GX, Kakarla P, K C R, Kumar S, Lakra WS, Mukherjee MM, Ranaweera I, Shrestha U, Tran T, Varela MF. Multidrug efflux pumps from Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial food pathogens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:1487-547. [PMID: 25635914 PMCID: PMC4344678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120201487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial microorganisms are common worldwide and constitute a serious public health concern. In particular, microorganisms belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae families of Gram-negative bacteria, and to the Staphylococcus genus of Gram-positive bacteria are important causative agents of food poisoning and infection in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Recently, variants of these bacteria have developed resistance to medically important chemotherapeutic agents. Multidrug resistant Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Vibrio cholerae, Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus are becoming increasingly recalcitrant to clinical treatment in human patients. Of the various bacterial resistance mechanisms against antimicrobial agents, multidrug efflux pumps comprise a major cause of multiple drug resistance. These multidrug efflux pump systems reside in the biological membrane of the bacteria and actively extrude antimicrobial agents from bacterial cells. This review article summarizes the evolution of these bacterial drug efflux pump systems from a molecular biological standpoint and provides a framework for future work aimed at reducing the conditions that foster dissemination of these multidrug resistant causative agents through human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody L Andersen
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA.
| | - Gui-Xin He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Prathusha Kakarla
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA.
| | - Ranjana K C
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA.
| | - Sanath Kumar
- QC Laboratory, Harvest and Post-Harvest Technology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Seven Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India.
| | - Wazir Singh Lakra
- QC Laboratory, Harvest and Post-Harvest Technology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Seven Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India.
| | - Mun Mun Mukherjee
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA.
| | - Indrika Ranaweera
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA.
| | - Ugina Shrestha
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA.
| | - Thuy Tran
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Manuel F Varela
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA.
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Silvério-Machado R, Couto BRGM, dos Santos MA. Retrieval of Enterobacteriaceae drug targets using singular value decomposition. Bioinformatics 2014; 31:1267-73. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Zbigniew S, Beata Ż, Kamil J, Roman F, Barbara K, Andrzej D. Antimicrobial and Antiradical Activity of Extracts Obtained from Leaves of Three Species of the GenusPyrus. Microb Drug Resist 2014; 20:337-43. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2013.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sroka Zbigniew
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Żbikowska Beata
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Janicki Kamil
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Franiczek Roman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzyżanowska Barbara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dryś Andrzej
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Lin YH, Hsu WS, Chung WY, Ko TH, Lin JH. Evaluation of various silver-containing dressing on infected excision wound healing study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:1375-86. [PMID: 24449026 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Silver-containing dressings have been widely used for controlling wound infection. However, the relationship between different concentrations of silver in dressings and their antimicrobial activities and wound-healing efficacies remains unclear. In the present study, we (in cooperation with Bio-medical Carbon Technology) investigated various silver-containing activated carbon fibers to understand the effects of different silver concentrations on the efficacies of a silver containing dressing. Our results indicated that various silver-containing activated carbon fibers exhibited good antibacterial effects and biocompatibility in terms of cell viability and that silver concentration showed a minor influence on cell growth. The infected excision wound model indicated that compared to silver-containing activated carbon fiber and other commercial silver-containing dressings assisted wound healing by promoting granulation and collagen deposition. Meanwhile, the silver ion can only be restrained in epidermis by intact skin. During application on the wound area, a temporary increase of serum silver can be detected, but this elevated serum silver level decreased to a subtle level after the removal of silver-containing activated carbon fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,
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Drago L, Cappelletti L, De Vecchi E, Pignataro L, Torretta S, Mattina R. Antiadhesive and antibiofilm activity of hyaluronic acid against bacteria responsible for respiratory tract infections. APMIS 2014; 122:1013-9. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology; IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
- Laboratory of Technical Medical Sciences; Department of Biomedical Science for Health; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Laura Cappelletti
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology; IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Elena De Vecchi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology; IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pignataro
- Department of Specialistic Surgical Sciences; Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Sara Torretta
- Department of Specialistic Surgical Sciences; Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Roberto Mattina
- Department of Public Health; Microbiology and Virology; University of Milan; Milan Italy
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Amaral L, Martins A, Spengler G, Molnar J. Efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria: what they do, how they do it, with what and how to deal with them. Front Pharmacol 2014; 4:168. [PMID: 24427138 PMCID: PMC3879458 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the relationship of the efflux pump (EP) system of Gram-negative bacteria to other antibiotic resistance mechanisms of the bacterium such as quorum sensing, biofilms, two component regulons, etc. The genetic responses of a Gram-negative to an antibiotic that render it immune to an antibiotic are also discussed. Lastly, the methods that have been developed for the identification of bacteria that over-express their EP system are presented in detail. Phenothiazines are well-known antipsychotic drugs with reported activity against bacterial EPs and other ancillary antibiotic mechanisms of the organism. Therefore these compounds will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Amaral
- Travel Medicine of the Centro de Malária e Doenças Tropicais, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal ; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ana Martins
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary ; Unit of Parasitology and Medical Microbiology, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Joseph Molnar
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
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18
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Synthesis, photoluminescent behaviors, and antibacterial activities of 3-acetylcoumarins. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-013-1432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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