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Aloui A, Ben Salah-Abbès J, Belgacem H, Dhif H, Zinedine A, Riba A, Meile JC, Durande N, Brabet C, Abbès S. AFM 1 exposure in male balb/c mice and intervention strategies against its immuno-physiological toxicity using clay mineral and lactic acid bacteria alone or in combination. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:199-211. [PMID: 38151925 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2300299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aflatoxins are the most harmful mycotoxins that cause human and animal health concerns. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the primary hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 and is linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and immunotoxicity in humans and animals. Because of the important role of dairy products in human life, especially children, AFM1 is such a major concern to humans because of its frequent occurrence in dairy products at concentrations high enough to cause adverse effects to human and animal health. Reduced its bioavailability becomes a high priority in order to protect human and animal health. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate, in vivo, the ability of lactic acid bacteria (lactobacillus rhamnosus GAF01, LR) and clay mineral (bentonite, BT) mixture to mitigate/reduce AFM1-induced immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in exposed Balb/c mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vivo study was conducted using male Balb/c mice that treated, orally, by AFM1 alone or in combination with LR and/or BT, daily for 10 days as follows: group 1 control received 200 µl of PBS, group 2 treated with LR alone (2.108 CFU/mL), group 3 treated with BT alone (1 g/kg bw), group 4 treated with AFM1 alone (100 μg/kg), group 5 co-treated with LR + AFM1, group 6 co-treated with BT + AFM1, group 7 co-treated with BT + LR + AFM1. Forty-eight h after the end of the treatment, the mice were sacrificed and the blood, spleen, thymus, liver and kidney were collected. The blood was used for biochemical and immunological study. Spleen and thymus samples were used to thymocytes and splenocytes assessments. Liver and kidney samples were the target for evaluation of oxidative stress enzymes status and for histological assays. RESULTS The results showed that AFM1 caused toxicities in male Blab/c mice at different levels. Treatment with AFM1 resulted in severe stress of liver and kidney organs indicated by a significant change in the biochemical and immunological parameters, histopathology as well as a disorder in the profile of oxidative stress enzymes levels. Also, it was demonstrated that AFM1 caused toxicities in thymus and spleen organs. The co-treatment with LR and/or BT significantly improved the hepatic and renal tissues, regulated antioxidant enzyme activities, spleen and thymus viability and biochemical and immunological parameters. LR and BT alone showed to be safe during the treatment. CONCLUSION In summary, the LR and/or BT was able to reduce the biochemical, histopathological and immunological damages induced by AFM1 and indeed it could be exploited as one of the biological strategies for food and feedstuffs detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Aloui
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Montpellier University, QUALISUD, UMR 95, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hela Belgacem
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Dhif
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abdellah Zinedine
- BIOMARE Laboratory, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Amar Riba
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens (LBSM), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Jean Christophe Meile
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Montpellier, France
- Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Noel Durande
- Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Brabet
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Montpellier, France
- Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Samir Abbès
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Lin L, Fu P, Zhang C, Xu T, Cao Q, Shaukat A, Yue K, Liu F, Dong H, Huang S, Jian F. Evaluation of gut microbiota composition to screening for potential biomarker in AFB1-exposed sheep. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:409. [PMID: 37990733 PMCID: PMC10657922 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is an inevitable contaminant in animal feed and agricultural products, which seriously threatens the health of animals. However, there is currently no better diagnostic tool available than depending on clinical symptoms, pathophysiology, biochemical indicators, etc. Here, we profiled the fecal microbiomes of sheep exposed to and not exposed to AFB1 to identify potential non-invasive biomarkers of AFB1 intoxication by 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology, while measuring serum biochemical indexes. The results showed that the sheep exposed to AFB1 had significantly higher levels of the liver function indicators ALT (alanine transaminase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and their microbial profiles were different from those of the CON (Control) group. In detail, the relative abundance of seven phyla and three genera were overrepresented in the AFB1 group from top 10 relative abundance. Importantly, we found that Prevotella and Bifidobacterium were significantly different in the CON and AFB1 groups (p = 0.032 and p = 0.021, respectively) based on linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) and random forest analysis. Additionally, the area under curve (AUC) of ALT was 1 (95% CI 1.00-1.00; p < 0.001) and that of Bifidobacterium was 0.95 (95% CI 0.81-1.00; p = 0.0275), suggesting that Bifidobacterium correlated with ALT (r = 0.783, p < 0.01) may be a potential biomarker for AFB1 exposure in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Pengfei Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Chaodong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Tingting Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Qinqin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Ke Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Haiju Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Fuchun Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
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Urrutia-Baca V, Hernández-Hernández S, Martínez L, Dávila-Vega J, Chuck-Hernández C. The Role of Probiotics in Dairy Foods and Strategies to Evaluate Their Functional Modifications. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2172426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V.H Urrutia-Baca
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, NL, México
| | | | - L.M. Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - J.P Dávila-Vega
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - C. Chuck-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, NL, México
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Emadi A, Eslami M, Yousefi B, Abdolshahi A. In vitro strain specific reducing of aflatoxin B1 by probiotic bacteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1929323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Emadi
- Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Eslami
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Anna Abdolshahi
- Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Semnan, Iran
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Yu L, Qiao N, Wei C, Hu Q, Zhai Q, Yan B, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Tian F. Underlying mechanisms of the antagonistic effects of Bifidobacterium adolescentis CCFM1108 on Penicillium expansum: Based on comparative transcriptome analysis. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Xia Y, He R, Sun Y, Zhou H, Gao M, Hu X, Cui X, Cheng Q, Wang Z. Food-Grade Expression of Manganese Peroxidases in Recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis and Degradation of Aflatoxin B1 Using Fermentation Supernatants. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:821230. [PMID: 35237243 PMCID: PMC8882868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.821230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are naturally occurring high-toxic secondary metabolites, which cause worldwide environmental contaminations and wastes of food and feed resources and severely threaten human health. Thus, the highly efficient methods and technologies for detoxification of aflatoxins are urgently needed in a long term. In this work, we report the construction of recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis strains GG799(pKLAC1-Phsmnp), GG799(pKLAC1-Plomnp), GG799(pKLAC1-Phcmnp), and then the food-grade expression of the three manganese peroxidases in these strains, followed by the degradation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using the fermentation supernatants. The expression of the manganese peroxidases was achieved in a food-grade manner since Kluyveromyces lactis is food-safe and suitable for application in food or feed industries. The inducible expression process of the optimal recombinant strain GG799(pKLAC1-Phcmnp) and the aflatoxin B1 degradation process were both optimized in detail. After optimization, the degradation ratio reached 75.71%, which was an increase of 49.86% compared to the unoptimized results. The degradation product was analyzed and determined to be AFB1-8,9-dihydrodiol. The recombinant strain GG799(pKLAC1-Phcmnp) supernatants degraded more than 90% of AFB1 in the peanut samples after twice treatments. The structural computational analysis for further mutagenesis of the enzyme PhcMnp was also conducted in this work. The food-grade recombinant yeast strain and the enzyme PhcMnp have potential to be applied in food or feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Xia,
| | - Rui He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hangyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiuyu Hu
- China Biotech Fermentation Industry Association, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- Anhui Heiwa Food-Jiangnan University Joint R & D Center, Anhui Heiwa Food Technology Co., Ltd., Bozhou, China
| | - Qianqian Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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7
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Nasrollahzadeh A, Mokhtari S, Khomeiri M, Saris P. Mycotoxin detoxification of food by lactic acid bacteria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-021-00087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractToday, a few hundred mycotoxins have been identified and the number is rising. Mycotoxin detoxification of food and feed has been a technically uphill task for the industry. In the twenty-first century, the public demand is healthy food with minimum use of chemicals and preservatives. Among all the fungal inhibition and mycotoxin detoxification methods so far developed for food, biopreservation and biodetoxification have been found safe and reliable. Nowadays, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are of great interest as biological additives in food owing to their Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) classification and mycotoxin detoxification capability. The occurrence of fungul growth in the food chain can lead to health problems such as mycotoxicosis and cancer to humans due to producing mycotoxins such as aflatoxins. Biopreservation is among the safest and most reliable methods for inhibition of fungi in food. This review highlights the great potential of LAB as biodetoxificant by summarizing various reported detoxification activities of LAB against fungal mycotoxins released into foods. Mechanisms of mycotoxin detoxification, also the inherent and environmental factors affecting detoxifying properties of LAB are also covered.
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Zafar H, Saier MH. Comparative Analyses of the Transport Proteins Encoded within the Genomes of nine Bifidobacterium Species. Microb Physiol 2022; 32:30-44. [PMID: 34555832 PMCID: PMC8940750 DOI: 10.1159/000518954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome influences human health in both negative and positive ways. Studies on the transportomes of these organisms yield information that may be utilized for various purposes, including the identification of novel drug targets and the manufacture of improved probiotic strains. Moreover, these genomic analyses help to improve our understanding of the physiology and metabolic capabilities of these organisms. The present study is a continuation of our studies on the transport proteins of the major gut microbes. Bifidobacterium species are essential members of the human gut microbiome, and they initiate colonization of the gut at birth, providing health benefits that last a lifetime. In this study we analyze the transportomes of nine bifidobacterial species: B. adolescentis, B. animalis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. catenulatum, B. dentium, B. longum subsp. infantis, B. longum subsp. longum, and B. pseudocatenulatum. All of these species have proven probiotic characteristics and exert beneficial effects on human health. Surprisingly, we found that all nine of these species have similar pore-forming toxins and drug exporters that may play roles in pathogenesis. These species have transporters for amino acids, carbohydrates, and proteins, essential for their organismal lifestyles and adaption to their respective ecological niches. The strictly probiotic species, B. bifidum, however, contains fewer such transporters, thus indicative of limited interactions with host cells and other gut microbial counterparts. The results of this study were compared with those of our previous studies on the transportomes of multiple species of Bacteroides, Escherichia coli/Salmonella, and Lactobacillus. Overall, bifidobacteria have larger transportomes (based on percentages of total proteins) than the previously examined groups of bacterial species, with a preference for primary active transport systems over secondary carriers. Taken together, these results provide useful information about the physiologies and pathogenic potentials of these probiotic organisms as reflected by their transportomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zafar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.,Corresponding Authors HZ: Tel: +420773283624, ; MS: Tel: +1 858 534 4084, Fax: +1 858 534 7108,
| | - Milton H. Saier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116.,Corresponding Authors HZ: Tel: +420773283624, ; MS: Tel: +1 858 534 4084, Fax: +1 858 534 7108,
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9
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Yasmeen R, Zahid B, Alyas S, Akhtar R, Zahra N, Kouser S, Hashmi AS, Athar M, Tayyab M, Anjum AA. Ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e250517. [PMID: 34932626 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.250517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are probiotics with Aflatoxin (AF) detoxification ability, found in fermented products, GIT of animals and environment. Purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of broiler isolates of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). For this purpose, 5 isolates of Lactobacillus from broiler gut were incubated with 100 ppb AFB1 in aqueous environment and effect of different parameters (cell fractions, time, temperature, pH) on detoxification was determined by HPLC. The ameliorative effect of Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) against AFB1 was studied in broiler. The results revealed that LS (CR. 4) showed the best results (in vitro) as compared to other isolates (L. salivarius (CR. 3, CR, 4), L. agilis (CE. 2.1, CE. 3.1) and L. crispatus (CE. 28). Cell debris of CR. 4 showed significantly higher detoxification (P<0.05). Maximum amount of AFB1 was detoxified at 30°C (97%), pH 4.0 (99%) and 6 h (99.97%). In vivo study showed that AFB1 decreased weight gain (1,269 ± 0.04 gm/ bird), feed consumed (2,161 ± 0.08 gm/ bird), serum total protein (2.42 ± 0.34 gm/ dl), serum albumin (0.5 ± 0.2 2 gm/dl) and antibody titer (4.2 ± 0.83). Liver function enzymes were found (alanine transaminase (ALT): 32 ± 10.7 U/L) and aspartate transaminase (AST): 314.8 ± 27 U/L) elevated in AFB1 fed broilers. Treatment with 1% LS not only decreased the toxic effects of AFB1 (group D) but also improved the overall health of broilers due to its probiotic effects (p<0.05) as compared to control negative (group A). The detoxification ability of LS was better than commercial binder (CB) (0.2% Protmyc). It was concluded that detoxification of AFB1 by Lactobacillus was strain, temperature, pH and time dependent. LS has detoxification ability against AFB1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yasmeen
- KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan.,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - B Zahid
- KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan.,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Departments of Pathology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Alyas
- University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - IMBB, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - R Akhtar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Departments of Pathology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - N Zahra
- University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - IMBB, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Kouser
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Departments of Microbiology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A S Hashmi
- Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Athar
- Hi-Tech Feeds, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Tayyab
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A A Anjum
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Departments of Microbiology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Gómez-Salazar JA, Ruiz-Hernández K, Martínez-Miranda MM, Castro-Ríos K. Postharvest strategies for decontamination of aflatoxins in cereals. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2013254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Andrés Gómez-Salazar
- Posgrado En Biociencias, Departamento De Alimentos, División De Ciencias De La Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Karla Ruiz-Hernández
- Posgrado En Biociencias, Departamento De Alimentos, División De Ciencias De La Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | | | - Katherin Castro-Ríos
- Grupo de Cromatografía Y Técnicas Afines, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
- Instituto de Investigación En Microbiología Y Biotecnología Agroindustrial, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
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Antifungal Peptides and Proteins to Control Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413261. [PMID: 34948059 PMCID: PMC8703302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global challenge to prevent fungal spoilage and mycotoxin contamination on food and feed requires the development of new antifungal strategies. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) with antifungal activity are gaining much interest as natural antifungal compounds due to their properties such as structure diversity and function, antifungal spectrum, mechanism of action, high stability and the availability of biotechnological production methods. Given their multistep mode of action, the development of fungal resistance to AMPs is presumed to be slow or delayed compared to conventional fungicides. Interestingly, AMPs also accomplish important biological functions other than antifungal activity, including anti-mycotoxin biosynthesis activity, which opens novel aspects for their future use in agriculture and food industry to fight mycotoxin contamination. AMPs can reach intracellular targets and exert their activity by mechanisms other than membrane permeabilization. The mechanisms through which AMPs affect mycotoxin production are varied and complex, ranging from oxidative stress to specific inhibition of enzymatic components of mycotoxin biosynthetic pathways. This review presents natural and synthetic antifungal AMPs from different origins which are effective against mycotoxin-producing fungi, and aims at summarizing current knowledge concerning their additional effects on mycotoxin biosynthesis. Antifungal AMPs properties and mechanisms of action are also discussed.
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Zhang L, Zhan H, Xu W, Yan S, Ng SC. The role of gut mycobiome in health and diseases. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211047130. [PMID: 34589139 PMCID: PMC8474302 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211047130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome comprised of microbes from multiple kingdoms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Emerging evidence suggests that the intestinal fungi (the gut "mycobiome") play an important role in host immunity and inflammation. Advances in next generation sequencing methods to study the fungi in fecal samples and mucosa tissues have expanded our understanding of gut fungi in intestinal homeostasis and systemic immunity in health and their contribution to different human diseases. In this review, the current status of gut mycobiome in health, early life, and different diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and metabolic diseases were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenye Xu
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of
Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,
China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive disease,
Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics,
Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,
China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of
Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,
China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive disease,
Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
Hong Kong, China,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031016. [PMID: 33801082 PMCID: PMC8003974 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics microorganisms exert their health-associated activities through some of the following general actions: competitive exclusion, enhancement of intestinal barrier function, production of bacteriocins, improvement of altered microbiota, and modulation of the immune response. Among them, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 has become one of the most promising probiotics and it has been described to possess potential beneficial effects on inflammatory processes and immunological alterations. Different studies, preclinical and clinical trials, have evidenced its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and elucidated the precise mechanisms of action involved in its beneficial effects. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of the effect on host health, mechanisms, and future therapeutic approaches.
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Effects of Lacto-Fermented Agricultural By-Products as a Natural Disinfectant against Post-Harvest Diseases of Mango ( Mangifera indica L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020285. [PMID: 33546183 PMCID: PMC7913201 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: the antagonism activity of lactic acid bacteria metabolites has the potential to prevent fungal growth on mango. Methods: the potential of developing natural disinfectant while using watermelon rinds (WR), pineapple (PP), orange peels (OP), palm kernel cake (PKC), and rice bran (RB), via lacto-fermentation was investigated. The obtained lactic acid bacteria (LAB) metabolites were then employed and the in vitro antifungal activity toward five spoilage fungi of mango was tested through liquid and solid systems. Besides, the effect of the produced disinfectant on the fungal growth inhibition and quality of mango was investigated. Results: the strains Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC8014 and Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC9338 growing in the substrates PKC and PP exhibited significantly higher in vitro antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Botryodiplodia theobromae as compared to other tested LAB strains and substrates. The in-situ results demonstrated that mango samples that were treated with the disinfectant produced from PKC fermented with L. plantarum and L. fermentum had the lowest disease incidence and disease severity index after 16 days shelf life, as well as the lowest conidial concentration. Furthermore, PKC that was fermented by L. fermentum highly maintained the quality of the mango. Conclusions: lactic acid fermentation of PKC by L. fermentum demonstrated a high potential for use as a natural disinfectant to control C. gloeosporioides and B. theobromae on mango.
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Peles F, Sipos P, Kovács S, Győri Z, Pócsi I, Pusztahelyi T. Biological Control and Mitigation of Aflatoxin Contamination in Commodities. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020104. [PMID: 33535580 PMCID: PMC7912779 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced mostly by Aspergillus species. AF contamination entering the feed and food chain has been a crucial long-term issue for veterinarians, medicals, agroindustry experts, and researchers working in this field. Although different (physical, chemical, and biological) technologies have been developed, tested, and employed to mitigate the detrimental effects of mycotoxins, including AFs, universal methods are still not available to reduce AF levels in feed and food in the last decades. Possible biological control by bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, their excretes, the role of the ruminal degradation, pre-harvest biocontrol by competitive exclusion or biofungicides, and post-harvest technologies and practices based on biological agents currently used to alleviate the toxic effects of AFs are collected in this review. Pre-harvest biocontrol technologies can give us the greatest opportunity to reduce AF production on the spot. Together with post-harvest applications of bacteria or fungal cultures, these technologies can help us strictly reduce AF contamination without synthetic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Peles
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Péter Sipos
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Szilvia Kovács
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Győri
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-20-210-9491
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Tejerina MR, Cabana MJ, Benitez-Ahrendts MR. Strains of Lactobacillus spp. reduce chalkbrood in Apis mellifera. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 178:107521. [PMID: 33347864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Beekeeping activities have increased recently in Argentina, a country that is a major consumer of honey and other products from hives. With the advancement of monoculture areas in Argentina and worldwide, beekeepers move from one area to another in search of floral resources, thus spreading diseases such as chalkbrood, caused by the fungus Ascosphaera apis. Although there are few effective antifungals for the control of chalkbrood, different natural products have been investigated in recent years. Current research is focusing on the intestinal microbiota for the prevention of different pathogens and parasites. In this work, we analyzed the in vivo probiotic effect of three lactic acid bacteria (genus Lactobacillus spp.) isolated from pollen bread from apiaries of Jujuy province on A. apis strains from Spanish and Argentine provinces. Special hives were made for the assays, and a protective effect was observed in larvae of bees fed lactic acid bacteria added to sugar syrup at 105 CFU/mL concentrations, administered from May to September in two consecutive years. The results showed that the three lactic acid bacteria reduced larval mummification by percentages greater than 80%. Therefore, this work brings a first approximation of the in vivo probiotic effect of lactic bacteria against A. apis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Raúl Tejerina
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600 Jujuy, Argentina; Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Bolivia 1239, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina.
| | - María José Cabana
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600 Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rafael Benitez-Ahrendts
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600 Jujuy, Argentina; Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Bolivia 1239, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
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Fouad MT, El-Desouky TA. Anti-Toxigenic Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Aspergillus spp Isolated from Wheat Grains. Open Microbiol J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874434602014010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
Many fungi infect the wheat grains. Under field and or storage conditions from temperature and humidity, some fungi can produce aflatoxins (AFs), which may cause acute or chronic diseases. Therefore, there is a necessary and urgent need to find an effective and safe way to reduce or remove AFs.
Objective:
The objective of this study was the evaluation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus plantarum for their ability to reduce and or remove AFs produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, which were isolated from wheat grains, as well as control of AFs produced on affected wheat grain by A.parasiticus spores only.
Methods:
LAB, isolated from some local dairy products, were cultured in MRS for the evaluation of their ability to remove AFs, produced by A. flavus and A. parasiticus on (YES) media, in addition to the treatment of wheat grains by LAB cells to prevent AFs produced by A. parasiticus.
Results:
The L. rhamnosus strain gave the highest reduction rates of AFs produced by A. parasiticus that were 62.6, 44.4, 43.3, and 52.2% for AFG1, AFB1, AFG2, and AFB2, respectively. While in the case of A. flavus, the reduction was 50.4, 42.7, 40.6, and 36.8% in the same order of toxins. When applied, these strains with wheat grains were affected by A. parasiticus, the inhibition rates of AFs were ranged between 61.4 and 75.8% with L. rhamnosus strain and 43.7 to 52.1% with L. gasseri, while L. plantarum strain ranged from 55.5 to 66.9%.
Conclusion:
According to this study, L. rhamnosus is considered one of the best strains in this field. Therefore, the present study suggests applied use of LAB as a treatment to prevent AFs production in wheat grains.
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Ibitoye OA, Olaniyi OO, Ogidi CO, Akinyele BJ. Lactic acid bacteria bio-detoxified aflatoxins contaminated cereals, ameliorate toxicological effects and improve haemato-histological parameters in albino rats. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1817088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clement Olusola Ogidi
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Kings University, Odeomu, Nigeria
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20
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Abdi M, Asadi A, Maleki F, Kouhsari E, Fattahi A, Ohadi E, Lotfali E, Ahmadi A, Ghafouri Z. Microbiological Detoxification of Mycotoxins: Focus on Mechanisms and Advances. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:339-357. [PMID: 32543365 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200616145150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Some fungal species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium secretes toxic metabolites known as mycotoxins, have become a global concern that is toxic to different species of animals and humans. Biological mycotoxins detoxification has been studied by researchers around the world as a new strategy for mycotoxin removal. Bacteria, fungi, yeast, molds, and protozoa are the main living organisms appropriate for the mycotoxin detoxification. Enzymatic and degradation sorptions are the main mechanisms involved in microbiological detoxification of mycotoxins. Regardless of the method used, proper management tools that consist of before-harvest prevention and after-harvest detoxification are required. Here, in this review, we focus on the microbiological detoxification and mechanisms involved in the decontamination of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Abdi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Asadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farajolah Maleki
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Azam Fattahi
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Disease and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ohadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Lotfali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadi
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghafouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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21
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Solis-Cruz B, Hernandez-Patlan D, Petrone VM, Pontin KP, Latorre JD, Beyssac E, Hernandez-Velasco X, Merino-Guzman R, Arreguin MA, Hargis BM, Lopez-Arellano R, Tellez-Isaias G. Evaluation of a Bacillus -Based Direct-Fed Microbial on Aflatoxin B1 Toxic Effects, Performance, Immunologic Status, and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Broiler Chickens. Avian Dis 2020; 63:659-669. [PMID: 31865681 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a commercial Bacillus direct-fed microbial (DFM) on aflatoxin B1 toxic effects, performance, and biochemical and immunologic parameters in broiler chickens. Ninety 1-day-old Cobb 500 male broiler chicks were raised in floor pens for a period of 21 days. Chicks were neck-tagged, individually weighed, and randomly allocated to one of three groups: Negative control (basal feed), aflatoxin B1 (basal feed + 2 ppm AFB1), and DFM (basal feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + Bacillus direct-fed microbial). Each group had three replicates of 10 chickens (n = 30/group). Body weight and body weight gain were calculated weekly, while feed intake and feed conversion ratio were determined when broilers were 21 days old. On day 21, all chickens were bled, gastrointestinal samples were collected, and spleen and bursa of Fabricius were weighed. This study confirmed that 2 ppm of AFB1 causes severe detrimental effects on performance, biochemical parameters, and immunologic parameters, generating hepatic lesions in broiler chickens (P < 0.05). However, it was also observed that DFM supplementation provided beneficial effects that might help to improve gut barrier function, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, as well as humoral and cellular immunomodulation. The results of the present study suggest that this Bacillus-DFM added at a concentration of 106 spores/gram of feed can be used to counteract the negative effects that occur when birds consume diets contaminated with AFB1, showing beneficial effects on performance parameters, relative organ weights, hepatic lesions, immune response, and serum biochemical variables. The addition of this Bacillus-DFM might mitigate and decrease aflatoxicosis problems in the poultry industry, improving food security, alleviating public health problems, and providing economic benefits. Future studies are needed to fully elucidate the specific mechanisms by which this Bacillus-DFM counteracts the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Solis-Cruz
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernandez-Patlan
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Victor M Petrone
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Karine P Pontin
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Ale re RS 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Juan D Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704
| | - Eric Beyssac
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie et Technologie Pharmaceutique, UFR de Pharmacie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ruben Merino-Guzman
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Billy M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704
| | - Raquel Lopez-Arellano
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, State of Mexico, Mexico
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22
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von Hertwig AM, Iamanaka BT, Amorim Neto DP, Rezende JBD, Martins LM, Taniwaki MH, Nascimento MS. Interaction of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus with Salmonella spp. isolated from peanuts. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 328:108666. [PMID: 32454365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are the main microorganisms of concern in peanuts, due to aflatoxin contamination, several Salmonella outbreaks from this product have been reported over the last ten decades. Thus, it is important to understand the relationship between microorganisms to predict, manage and estimate the diversity in the peanut supply chain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate aflatoxin production during the co-cultivation of Aspergillus section Flavi and Salmonella both isolated from peanuts. Three strains of A. section Flavi: A. flavus producing aflatoxin B, A. flavus non-producing aflatoxin and A. parasiticus producing aflatoxin B and G were co-cultivated with seven serotypes of Salmonella of which six were isolated from the peanut supply chain (S. Muenster, S. Miami, S. Glostrup, S. Javiana, S. Oranienburg and S. Yoruba) and one was S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028. First of all, each Salmonella strain was inoculated by pour plate (ca. 5 log cfu/mL) in PDA (potato dextrose agar). Then, each pre-cultured fungus was inoculated in the center of the petri dish. The plates were incubated at 30 °C and the fungal colony diameter was measured once a day for 7 days. As a control each Aspergillus strain was cultivated in the absence of Salmonella culture. All three strains of Aspergillus with absence of Salmonella (control) reached the maximum colony diameter and their growth rate was influenced when co-cultivated (p < 0.05) with all Salmonella serotypes tested. The maximum inhibition in the colony diameter was 20% for A. flavus aflatoxin B producer and A. parasiticus, and 18% for A. flavus non- aflatoxin producer when cultivated with Salmonella. However, no significant difference (p < 0.05) in reduction of colony diameter was observed among the Salmonella serotypes. Aflatoxin production was determined previously, by using the agar plug technique on thin layer chromatography (TLC). The production of aflatoxin G by A. parasiticus in co-cultivation with Salmonella was not observed. On the other hand, A. flavus preserved their characteristics of aflatoxin B production. The quantification of aflatoxin reduction by Salmonella interaction was evaluated using HPLC method. There was a maximum reduction of aflatoxin production of 88.7% and 72.9% in A. flavus and A. parasiticus, respectively, when cultivated with Salmonella. These results indicate that some serotypes of Salmonella may interfere with aflatoxin production and fungal growth of A. flavus and A. parasiticus in the peanut supply chain.
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23
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Brandt K, Nethery MA, O'Flaherty S, Barrangou R. Genomic characterization of Lactobacillus fermentum DSM 20052. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:328. [PMID: 32349666 PMCID: PMC7191730 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactobacillus fermentum, a member of the lactic acid bacteria complex, has recently garnered increased attention due to documented antagonistic properties and interest in assessing the probiotic potential of select strains that may provide human health benefits. Here, we genomically characterize L. fermentum using the type strain DSM 20052 as a canonical representative of this species. Results We determined the polished whole genome sequence of this type strain and compared it to 37 available genome sequences within this species. Results reveal genetic diversity across nine clades, with variable content encompassing mobile genetic elements, CRISPR-Cas immune systems and genomic islands, as well as numerous genome rearrangements. Interestingly, we determined a high frequency of occurrence of diverse Type I, II, and III CRISPR-Cas systems in 72% of the genomes, with a high level of strain hypervariability. Conclusions These findings provide a basis for the genetic characterization of L. fermentum strains of scientific and commercial interest. Furthermore, our study enables genomic-informed selection of strains with specific traits for commercial product formulation, and establishes a framework for the functional characterization of features of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Brandt
- Functional Genomics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Matthew A Nethery
- Functional Genomics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sarah O'Flaherty
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Rodolphe Barrangou
- Functional Genomics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. .,Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Pfliegler WP, Pócsi I, Győri Z, Pusztahelyi T. The Aspergilli and Their Mycotoxins: Metabolic Interactions With Plants and the Soil Biota. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2921. [PMID: 32117074 PMCID: PMC7029702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the highly diverse fungal genus Aspergillus are well-known agricultural pests, and, most importantly, producers of various mycotoxins threatening food safety worldwide. Mycotoxins are studied predominantly from the perspectives of human and livestock health. Meanwhile, their roles are far less known in nature. However, to understand the factors behind mycotoxin production, the roles of the toxins of Aspergilli must be understood from a complex ecological perspective, taking mold-plant, mold-microbe, and mold-animal interactions into account. The Aspergilli may switch between saprophytic and pathogenic lifestyles, and the production of secondary metabolites, such as mycotoxins, may vary according to these fungal ways of life. Recent studies highlighted the complex ecological network of soil microbiotas determining the niches that Aspergilli can fill in. Interactions with the soil microbiota and soil macro-organisms determine the role of secondary metabolite production to a great extent. While, upon infection of plants, metabolic communication including fungal secondary metabolites like aflatoxins, gliotoxin, patulin, cyclopiazonic acid, and ochratoxin, influences the fate of both the invader and the host. In this review, the role of mycotoxin producing Aspergillus species and their interactions in the ecosystem are discussed. We intend to highlight the complexity of the roles of the main toxic secondary metabolites as well as their fate in natural environments and agriculture, a field that still has important knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter P. Pfliegler
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Győri
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Seo HJ, Park AR, Kim S, Yeon J, Yu NH, Ha S, Chang JY, Park HW, Kim JC. Biological Control of Root-Knot Nematodes by Organic Acid-Producing Lactobacillus brevis WiKim0069 Isolated from Kimchi. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:662-673. [PMID: 31832046 PMCID: PMC6901259 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.08.2019.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most destructive plant-parasites worldwide, and RKN control has been attempted mainly using chemical nematicides. However, these chemical nematicides have negative effects on humans and the environment, thus necessitating the search for eco-friendly alternative RKN control methods. Here, we screened nematicidal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from kimchi and evaluated their efficacy as biocontrol agents against RKNs. Of 237 bacterial strains, Lactobacillus brevis WiKim0069 showed the strongest nematicidal activity against the second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, and M. hapla and inhibited the egg hatch of M. incognita. The culture filtrate of WiKim0069 had a pH of 4.2 and contained acetic acid (11,190 μg/ml), lactic acid (7,790 μg/ml), malic acid (470 μg/ml), and succinic acid (660 μg/ml). An artificial mixture of the four organic acids produced by WiKim0069 also induced 98% M. incognita J2 mortality at a concentration of 1.25%, indicating that its nematicidal activity was derived mainly from the four organic acids. Application of WiKim0069 culture filtrate suppressed the formation of galls and egg masses on tomato roots by M. incognita in a dose-dependent manner in a pot experiment. The fermentation broth of WiKim0069 also reduced gall formation on melon under field conditions, with a higher efficacy (62.8%) than that of fosthiazate (32.8%). This study is the first report to identify the effectiveness of kimchi LAB against RKNs and to demonstrate that the organic acids produced by LAB can be used for the RKN management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Seo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Ae Ran Park
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Seulbi Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Jehyeong Yeon
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Nan Hee Yu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Sanghyun Ha
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755,
Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Chang
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755,
Korea
| | - Hae Woong Park
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755,
Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
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Azeem N, Nawaz M, Anjum AA, Saeed S, Sana S, Mustafa A, Yousuf MR. Activity and Anti-Aflatoxigenic Effect of Indigenously Characterized Probiotic Lactobacilli against Aspergillus flavus-A Common Poultry Feed Contaminant. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E166. [PMID: 30991667 PMCID: PMC6523852 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination in human food and animal feed is a threat to public safety. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) can be especially damaging to poultry production and consequently economic development of Pakistan. The present study assessed the in vitro binding of AFB1 by indigenously characterized probiotic lactobacilli. Six isolates (Lactobacillus gallinarum PDP 10, Lactobacillus reuetri FYP 38, Lactobacillus fermentum PDP 24, Lactobacillus gallinarum PL 53, Lactobacillus paracasei PL 120, and Lactobacillus gallinarum PL 149) were tested for activity against toxigenic Aspergillus flavus W-7.1 (AFB1 producer) by well diffusion assay. Only three isolates (PL 53, PL 120, and PL 149) had activity against A. flavus W-7.1. The ameliorative effect of these probiotic isolates on AFB1 production was determined by co-culturing fungus with lactobacilli for 12 days, followed by aflatoxin quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography. In vitro AFB1 binding capacities of lactobacilli were determined by their incubation with a standard amount of AFB1 in phosphate buffer saline at 37 °C for 2 h. AFB1 binding capacities of isolates ranged from 28-65%. Four isolates (PDP 10, PDP 24, PL 120, and PL 149) also ceased aflatoxin production completely, whereas PL 53 showed 55% reduction in AFB1 production as compared to control. The present study demonstrated Lactobacillus gallinarum PL 149 to be an effective candidate AFB1 binding agent against Aspergillus flavus. These findings further support the binding ability of lactic acid bacteria for dietary contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimra Azeem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Shagufta Saeed
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Saba Sana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Amina Mustafa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Yousuf
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Peromingo B, Andrade MJ, Delgado J, Sánchez-Montero L, Núñez F. Biocontrol of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus by native Debaryomyces hansenii in dry-cured meat products. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:269-276. [PMID: 31027783 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dry-cured meat products, such as dry-cured ham or dry-fermented sausages, are characterized by their particular ripening process, where a mould population grows on their surface. Some of these moulds are hazardous to the consumers because of their ability to produce mycotoxins including aflatoxins (AFs). The use of native yeasts could be considered a potential strategy for controlling the presence of AFs in dry-cured meat products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of two native Debaryomyces hansenii strains on the relative growth rate and the AFs production in Aspergillus parasiticus. Both D. hansenii strains significantly reduced the growth rates of A. parasiticus when grown in a meat-model system at different water activity (aw) conditions. The presence of D. hansenii strains caused a stimulation of AFs production by A. parasiticus at 0.99 aw. However, at 0.92 aw the yeasts significantly reduced the AFs concentration in the meat-model system. The relative expression levels of the aflR and aflS genes involved in the AFs biosynthetic pathway were also repressed at 0.92 aw in the presence of both D. hansenii strains. These satisfactory results were confirmed in dry-cured ham and dry-fermented sausage slices inoculated with A. parasiticus, since both D. hansenii strains significantly reduced AFs amounts in these matrices. Therefore, both tested D. hansenii strains could be proposed as biocontrol agents within a HACCP framework to minimize the hazard associated with the presence of AFs in dry-cured meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Peromingo
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - María J Andrade
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Josué Delgado
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez-Montero
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Félix Núñez
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
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Gomaa EZ, Abdelall MF, El-Mahdy OM. Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Antifungal Compounds from Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus paracasei, Isolated from Dairy Products. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:201-209. [PMID: 29150754 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are a large group of highly toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by specific species of fungi. Potential contamination of food commodities by these compounds causes extensive damage that lead to great economic losses. This study explored the potential use of antifungal compounds, produced by Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus paracasei, for growth inhibition and subsequent aflatoxin B1 production from select strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Lactobacilli strains were isolated from traditional Egyptian dairy products, whereas fungal strains were isolated from infected cereal seeds. There were noticeable decreases in mycelium biomass and aflatoxin production as well. L. brevis exhibited the highest reduction of aflatoxin B1 production by A. flavus and A. parasiticus, 96.31 and 90.43%, respectively. The concentrations of amino acids of the antifungal compound produced by L. brevis were significantly higher than that produced by L. paracasei. Asparagine, glutamine, glycine, alanine, and leucine were the most concentrated amino acids for both strains. The antifungal compounds produced by L. brevis and L. paracasei were active in a wide range of pH, heat stable and inactivated by proteolytic enzymes (protease K and trypsin A). The expression of Omt-A gene that involved in the later step of aflatoxin production was evaluated by real-time PCR. There was a vigorous reduction at transcriptional level of Omt-A gene observed in A. flavus that is treated by L. brevis and L. paracasei (80 and 70%, respectively). However, the reduction of Omt-A gene observed in A. parasiticus that is treated by L. brevis and L. paracasei was 64.5 and 52%, respectively. Treating maize seeds with antifungal compounds exhibited great efficiency in controlling fungal infection and increasing seed germination. The results confirmed that lactic acid bacteria are a promising strategy to control food contamination of fermented food and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Zakaria Gomaa
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Manal Farouk Abdelall
- Department of Microbial Molecular Biology, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Omima Mohammed El-Mahdy
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Linares-Morales JR, Gutiérrez-Méndez N, Rivera-Chavira BE, Pérez-Vega SB, Nevárez-Moorillón GV. Biocontrol Processes in Fruits and Fresh Produce, the Use of Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Sustainable Option. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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