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Menean M, Sacconi R, Tombolini B, L'abbate G, Beretta F, Bandello F, Querques G. RETICULAR PSEUDODRUSEN DISAPPEARANCE AFTER DEVELOPMENT OF MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION. Retina 2024; 44:1688-1695. [PMID: 39287531 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000004173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore changes in reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) number and location after the development of macular neovascularization (MNV) in eyes with prior intermediate age-related macular degeneration, focusing on different retinal regions differently affected by MNV. METHODS This retrospective longitudinal study included intermediate age-related macular degeneration eyes with RPD that developed MNV. Reticular pseudodrusen were assessed at baseline when MNV was diagnosed (MNV stage) and after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Three regions of interest were considered: MNV area, subretinal fluid (SRF) area, and a marginal area of 1,000 µm around SRF (marginal zone). Reticular pseudodrusen counts were compared with age- and sex-matched control eyes with RPD that did not develop MNV. RESULTS Reticular pseudodrusen number exhibited a significant decrease after MNV development in the MNV area (P = 0.048) and in the area with SRF (P = 0.078). A statistically significant decrease was also disclosed in the marginal area around SRF (P = 0.002), associated with larger SRF areas. Control eyes did not show any significant change in the RPD count. CONCLUSION Reticular pseudodrusen reduction after MNV development suggests a complex interplay involving the MNV itself, the presence of SRF, and trophic changes. The results of this study highlight the role of MNV in retinal nutritional balance and provide intriguing results in the RPD life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Menean
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sacconi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Tombolini
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia L'abbate
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Beretta
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Querques
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Azizi MM, Abhari S, Sajedi H. Stitched vision transformer for age-related macular degeneration detection using retinal optical coherence tomography images. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304943. [PMID: 38837967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease that leads to the deterioration of the central vision area of the eye and can gradually result in vision loss in elderly individuals. Early identification of this disease can significantly impact patient treatment outcomes. Furthermore, given the increasing elderly population globally, the importance of automated methods for rapidly monitoring at-risk individuals and accurately diagnosing AMD is growing daily. One standard method for diagnosing AMD is using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images as a non-invasive imaging technology. In recent years, numerous deep neural networks have been proposed for the classification of OCT images. Utilizing pre-trained neural networks can speed up model deployment in related tasks without compromising accuracy. However, most previous methods overlook the feasibility of leveraging pre-existing trained networks to search for an optimal architecture for AMD staging on a new target dataset. In this study, our objective was to achieve an optimal architecture in the efficiency-accuracy trade-off for classifying retinal OCT images. To this end, we employed pre-trained medical vision transformer (MedViT) models. MedViT combines convolutional and transformer neural networks, explicitly designed for medical image classification. Our approach involved pre-training two distinct MedViT models on a source dataset with labels identical to those in the target dataset. This pre-training was conducted in a supervised manner. Subsequently, we evaluated the performance of the pre-trained MedViT models for classifying retinal OCT images from the target Noor Eye Hospital (NEH) dataset into the normal, drusen, and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) classes in zero-shot settings and through five-fold cross-validation. Then, we proposed a stitching approach to search for an optimal model from two MedViT family models. The proposed stitching method is an efficient architecture search algorithm known as stitchable neural networks. Stitchable neural networks create a candidate model in search space for each pair of stitchable layers by inserting a linear layer between them. A pair of stitchable layers consists of layers, each selected from one input model. While stitchable neural networks had previously been tested on more extensive and general datasets, this study demonstrated that stitching networks could also be helpful in smaller medical datasets. The results of this approach indicate that when pre-trained models were available for OCT images from another dataset, it was possible to achieve a model in 100 epochs with an accuracy of over 94.9% in classifying images from the NEH dataset. The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of stitchable neural networks as a fine-tuning method for OCT image classification. This approach not only leads to higher accuracy but also considers architecture optimization at a reasonable computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Azizi
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Abhari
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Sajedi
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Yoon B, Sa HS, Kim HJ. Incidence and risk factors of age-related macular degeneration in patients with Parkinson's disease: a population-based study. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1331786. [PMID: 38706458 PMCID: PMC11066286 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1331786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Parkinson' disease (PD) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of AMD in patients with PD, elucidate differences by age and sex, and investigate potential risk factors for AMD. Methods Data were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance System database, which covers 97% of the Korean population (2002 through 2019). We calculated the incidence of newly diagnosed AMD in patients with PD and used Cox proportional-hazards models to estimate risk factors for AMD, presenting adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Of 172,726 patients with PD, 15,800 were newly diagnosed with AMD during the follow-up, including 5,624 men and 10,176 women. The overall incidence of AMD in patients with PD was 13.59 per 1,000 person-years. Stratified by age group and sex, the incidence was higher in women aged 40-69, and conversely higher in men aged 70-89. Risk of AMD was high in older age groups (aHR = 4.36, 95% CI: 3.74-5.09 in the 70 s), female sex (aHR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.11), patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) (aHR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10-1.18), and patients with hyperlipidemia (aHR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.13-1.21). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the AMD incidence is higher in patients with PD than in the general population, with varying patterns of sex differences across age groups. Particularly, old age, female sex, presence of DM, and hyperlipidemia are potential risk factors. Therefore, clinicians should pay greater attention to AMD in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seok Sa
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jung Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sannan NS, Elsayid M, Alsharif G, Ramadan M, Alhalwani AY, Qahwaji RM, Arbaeen A, Aalam WA, Alqahtani AS, Talat K. Correlation Between C-Reactive Protein and Lipid Analytes in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e51935. [PMID: 38333436 PMCID: PMC10851810 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date few studies have investigated the correlation between inflammatory markers and lipoproteins in the serum of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients, often reporting conflicting findings. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between lipid analytes and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in individuals diagnosed with dry AMD. METHODS A standard clinical lipid panel (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein [HDL], and low-density lipoproteins) and CRP laboratory results were retrospectively collected from the medical records of patients with dry AMD and age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS The study included 90 patients with dry AMD and 270 patients without AMD. In univariate analysis, CRP showed a higher mean value in cases than in controls. After adjusting for age and sex, CRP and triglyceride levels showed significant differences between cases and controls. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between CRP and HDL levels in the dry AMD group (n=90). Other lipid analytes showed no significant correlations with CRP. CONCLUSION Our findings add to the growing body of evidence linking inflammation to AMD. Although it is unclear whether changes in serum CRP and triglyceride levels are the causes or effects, monitoring both analytes may be beneficial as an early disease predictor, especially in individuals with a family history of AMD. The negative correlation between CRP and HDL (i.e., inflammation and good cholesterol) may be targeted for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif S Sannan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- Department of Biomedical Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohieldin Elsayid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ghadi Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Majed Ramadan
- Department of Biomedical Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Amani Y Alhalwani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- Department of Biomedical Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Rowaid M Qahwaji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ahmad Arbaeen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Waseem A Aalam
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdullah S Alqahtani
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Karim Talat
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
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Nita M, Grzybowski A. Antioxidative Role of Heterophagy, Autophagy, and Mitophagy in the Retina and Their Association with the Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Etiopathogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1368. [PMID: 37507908 PMCID: PMC10376332 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), an oxidative stress-linked neurodegenerative disease, leads to irreversible damage of the central retina and severe visual impairment. Advanced age and the long-standing influence of oxidative stress and oxidative cellular damage play crucial roles in AMD etiopathogenesis. Many authors emphasize the role of heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy in maintaining homeostasis in the retina. Relevantly modifying the activity of both macroautophagy and mitophagy pathways represents one of the new therapeutic strategies in AMD. Our review provides an overview of the antioxidative roles of heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy and presents associations between dysregulations of these molecular mechanisms and AMD etiopathogenesis. The authors performed an extensive analysis of the literature, employing PubMed and Google Scholar, complying with the 2013-2023 period, and using the following keywords: age-related macular degeneration, RPE cells, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy. Heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy play antioxidative roles in the retina; however, they become sluggish and dysregulated with age and contribute to AMD development and progression. In the retina, antioxidative roles also play in RPE cells, NFE2L2 and PGC-1α proteins, NFE2L2/PGC-1α/ARE signaling cascade, Nrf2 factor, p62/SQSTM1/Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway, circulating miRNAs, and Yttrium oxide nanoparticles performed experimentally in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Nita
- Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre "Dilmed", 40-231 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Gorczyczewskiego 2/3, 61-553 Poznań, Poland
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Cloutier M, DeLucia PR. Topical Review: Impact of Central Vision Loss on Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance while Walking. Optom Vis Sci 2022; 99:890-899. [PMID: 36594757 PMCID: PMC9813875 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Individuals with central vision loss are at higher risk of injury when walking and thus may limit trips outside the home. Understanding the mobility challenges associated with central vision loss (CVL) can lead to more effective interventions.A systematic literature review focusing on mobility in CVL was conducted. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method, 2424 articles were identified in 4 databases (PsycINFO, APA PsycArticles, PubMed, and Web of Science). To be included within this review, the study methodology needed to be related to the three components of walking: (1) navigation, defined as the ability to reach a target destination; (2) obstacle avoidance, defined as the ability to avoid collisions with obstacles located at various heights and directions; and (3) street crossing, defined as the ability to both navigate a path and avoid collisions in a traffic environment. The methodology also needed to be empirical. Case studies, unstructured observational studies, studies based on self-report, research proposals, and existing systematic reviews were excluded. Titles, abstracts, and full text of identified articles were screened, yielding 26 articles included in the review. Results showed that, in many tasks, individuals with CVL can accomplish a level of performance comparable with individuals with normal vision. Differences between normal and impaired vision were due to either age or how the groups completed the task. For example, individuals with CVL could cross a street successfully but did so less safely (i.e., smaller safety margins) than individuals with normal vision. To identify new interventions for CVL, future research should focus on the differences in the mechanisms underlying mobility between individuals with normal and impaired vision rather than solely on performance differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Cloutier
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
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7
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Wu A, Lu R, Lee E. Tissue engineering in age-related macular degeneration: a mini-review. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:11. [PMID: 35578246 PMCID: PMC9109377 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive, degenerative disease of the macula, leading to severe visual loss in the elderly population. There are two types of AMD: non-exudative ('dry') AMD and exudative ('wet') AMD. Non-exudative AMD is characterized by drusen formation and macular atrophy, while the blood vessels are not leaky. Exudative AMD is a more advanced form of the disease, featured with abnormal blood vessel growth and vascular leakage. Even though anti-angiogenic therapies have been effective in treating wet AMD by normalizing blood vessels, there is no treatment available to prevent or treat dry AMD. Currently, the mechanisms of drusen formation and macular atrophy in the dry AMD are poorly understood, in part because the currently available in vivo models of AMD could not decouple and isolate the complex biological and biophysical factors in the macular region for a detailed mechanism study, including the complement system, angiogenesis factors, extracellular matrix, etc. In the present review article, we describe the biological background of AMD and the key cells and structures in AMD, including retinal epithelium, photoreceptor, Bruch's membrane, and choriocapillaris. We also discuss pre-clinical animal models of AMD and in vivo tissue-engineered approaches, including cell suspension injection and organoid-derived cell sheet transplantation. We also discuss in vitro tissue-engineered models for AMD research. Specifically, we evaluate and compare currently available two- and three-dimensional AMD tissue-engineered models that mimic key anatomical players in AMD progression, including pathophysiological characteristics in Bruch's membrane, photoreceptor, and choriocapillaris. Finally, we discuss the limitation of current AMD models and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Wu
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Ann S. Bowers College of Computing and Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Renhao Lu
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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8
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Salimiaghdam N, Singh L, Singh MK, Chwa M, Atilano SR, Mohtashami Z, Nesburn AB, Kuppermann BD, Lu SY, Kenney MC. Impacts of Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Antibiotics on the Mitochondria of the Age-Related Macular Degeneration Cybrid Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2022; 12:675. [PMID: 35625603 PMCID: PMC9138285 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the potential negative effects of bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics on the AMD cybrid cell lines (K, U and J haplogroups). AMD cybrid cells were created and cultured in 96-well plates and treated with tetracycline (TETRA) and ciprofloxacin (CPFX) for 24 h. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM), cellular metabolism and ratio of apoptotic cells were measured using H2DCFDA, JC1, MTT and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Expression of genes of antioxidant enzymes, and pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic pathways were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Higher ROS levels were found in U haplogroup cybrids when treated with CPFX 60 µg/mL concentrations, lower ΔψM of all haplogroups by CPFX 120 µg/mL, diminished cellular metabolism in all cybrids with CPFX 120 µg/mL, and higher ratio of dead cells in K and J cybrids. CPFX 120 µg/mL induced overexpression of IL-33, CASP-3 and CASP-9 in all cybrids, upregulation of TGF-β1 and SOD2 in U and J cybrids, respectively, along with decreased expression of IL-6 in J cybrids. TETRA 120 µg/mL induced decreased ROS levels in U and J cybrids, increased cellular metabolism of treated U cybrids, higher ratio of dead cells in K and J cybrids and declined ΔψM via all TETRA concentrations in all haplogroups. TETRA 120 µg/mL caused upregulation of IL-6 and CASP-3 genes in all cybrids, higher CASP-7 gene expression in K and U cybrids and downregulation of the SOD3 gene in K and U cybrids. Clinically relevant dosages of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline have potential adverse impacts on AMD cybrids possessing K, J and U mtDNA haplogroups in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Salimiaghdam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (N.S.); (L.S.); (M.K.S.); (M.C.); (S.R.A.); (Z.M.); (A.B.N.); (B.D.K.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Lata Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (N.S.); (L.S.); (M.K.S.); (M.C.); (S.R.A.); (Z.M.); (A.B.N.); (B.D.K.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Mithalesh K. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (N.S.); (L.S.); (M.K.S.); (M.C.); (S.R.A.); (Z.M.); (A.B.N.); (B.D.K.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (N.S.); (L.S.); (M.K.S.); (M.C.); (S.R.A.); (Z.M.); (A.B.N.); (B.D.K.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Shari R. Atilano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (N.S.); (L.S.); (M.K.S.); (M.C.); (S.R.A.); (Z.M.); (A.B.N.); (B.D.K.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Zahra Mohtashami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (N.S.); (L.S.); (M.K.S.); (M.C.); (S.R.A.); (Z.M.); (A.B.N.); (B.D.K.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Anthony B. Nesburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (N.S.); (L.S.); (M.K.S.); (M.C.); (S.R.A.); (Z.M.); (A.B.N.); (B.D.K.); (S.Y.L.)
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Baruch D. Kuppermann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (N.S.); (L.S.); (M.K.S.); (M.C.); (S.R.A.); (Z.M.); (A.B.N.); (B.D.K.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Stephanie Y. Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (N.S.); (L.S.); (M.K.S.); (M.C.); (S.R.A.); (Z.M.); (A.B.N.); (B.D.K.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - M. Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (N.S.); (L.S.); (M.K.S.); (M.C.); (S.R.A.); (Z.M.); (A.B.N.); (B.D.K.); (S.Y.L.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Li Y, Li X, Li X, Zeng Z, Strang N, Shu X, Tan Z. Non-neglectable therapeutic options for age-related macular degeneration: A promising perspective from traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114531. [PMID: 34474141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease which causes irreversible central vision loss among the elderly population. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), including formulas, acupuncture and herbs, has been used in the treatment of AMD for thousands of years and is currently used by many AMD patients around the world. AIM OF THE REVIEW A comprehensive, in-depth literature review examining the use of TCM in the treatment of AMD has yet to be compiled. This review will improve current knowledge relating to the use of TCM and will open new avenues of exploration in developing new drugs for the treatment of AMD. METHODS A literature search of the PubMed database, Web of Science, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was performed using relevant terms and keywords related to TCM in the treatment of AMD. Related books, PhD and master's theses were also researched. RESULTS The TCM-based interpretation of AMD has been used to establish a theoretical foundation for understanding the effect of TCM formulas and acupuncture on AMD. The possible mechanism of action of common Chinese herbs has also been discussed in detail. CONCLUSION TCM is a promising treatment option of AMD patients. However, lack of rigorous scientific evidence has limited the impact and uptake of TCM therapy. Future research should focus on improving understanding of the mechanism of action and bioactive components of TCM therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422000, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan, 410022, PR China
| | - Niall Strang
- Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK
| | - Xinhua Shu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422000, PR China; Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK; Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
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Liu J, Li Y, Pu Q, Qiu H, Di D, Cao Y. A polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L.: Structure and protective effects against oxidative stress and high-glucose-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 201:111-120. [PMID: 34968548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are beneficial for vision; however, relevant research has mainly focused on entire crude polysaccharides, with the basis and exact structure of the polysaccharide rarely explored. In this study, LICP009-3F-2a, a novel polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L., was separated and then purified using anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Structural characteristics were investigated using chemical and spectroscopic methods, which revealed that LICP009-3F-2a has an Mw of 13720 Da and is an acidic heteropolysaccharide composed of rhamnose (39.1%), arabinose (7.4%), galactose (22.5%), glucose (8.3%), galacturonic acid (13.7%), and glucuronic acid (4.0%). Linkage and NMR data revealed that LICP009-3F-2a has the following backbone: →2)-α-L-Rha-(1→2,4)-α-L-Rha- (1→4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, with three main branches, including: α-L-Araf-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→2,4)-α-L-Rha-(1→, β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, and β-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→3,6) -β-D-Galp-(1→. Differential scanning colorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis showed that LICP009-3F-2a is thermally stable, while X-ray diffractometry showed that LICP009-3F-2a has a semi-crystalline structure. In addition, LICP009-3F-2a protects ARPE-19 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by regulating the expression of antioxidant SOD1 and CAT enzymes and down-regulating MMP2 expression. Moreover, LICP009-3F-2a promotes the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and protects ARPE-19 cells from hyperglycemia by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunchun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Duolong Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China.
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Protective Effects of a Lutein Ester Prodrug, Lutein Diglutaric Acid, against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094722. [PMID: 33946898 PMCID: PMC8125252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced cell damage and death of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), a polarized monolayer that maintains retinal health and homeostasis, lead to the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Several studies show that the naturally occurring antioxidant Lutein (Lut) can protect RPE cells from oxidative stress. However, the poor solubility and low oral bioavailability limit the potential of Lut as a therapeutic agent. In this study, lutein diglutaric acid (Lut-DG), a prodrug of Lut, was synthesized and its ability to protect human ARPE-19 cells from oxidative stress was tested compared to Lut. Both Lut and Lut-DG significantly decreased H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and protected RPE cells from oxidative stress-induced death. Moreover, the immunoblotting analysis indicated that both drugs exerted their protective effects by modulating phosphorylated MAPKs (p38, ERK1/2 and SAPK/JNK) and downstream molecules Bax, Bcl-2 and Cytochrome c. In addition, the enzymatic antioxidants glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) were enhanced in cells treated with Lut and Lut-DG. In all cases, Lut-DG was more effective than its parent drug against oxidative stress-induced damage to RPE cells. These findings highlight Lut-DG as a more potent compound than Lut with the protective effects against oxidative stress in RPE cells through the modulation of key MAPKs, apoptotic and antioxidant molecular pathways.
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