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Reiter J, Beier M. Deammonification Potential of Pig Slurries and Vapor Condensates from Sewage Sludge Drying-Substrate Quality and Inhibition. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:826. [PMID: 37508853 PMCID: PMC10376242 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Deammonification is a well-established process for sludge liquor treatment and promising for wastewaters with high nitrogen loads because of its low energy demand compared to nitrification/denitrification. Two wastewaters with high NH4-N concentrations and a rising significance in Germany-pig slurry (12 samples) and condensates from sewage sludge drying (6 samples)-were studied for their deammonification potential. Furthermore, a comprehensive quality assessment is presented. Both wastewaters show a wide range in terms of CODt, CODs, TN and NH4-N, whereby condensates show a greater variability with no direct relation to dryer type or temperature. In the slurries, CODt shows a relative standard deviation of 106% (mean 21.1 g/L) and NH4-N of 33% (mean 2.29 g/L), while in condensates it reaches 148% for CODt (mean 2.0 g/L) and 122% for NH4-N (mean 0.7 g/L). No inhibition of ammonium-oxidizing-bacteria was detected in the slurries, while two out of five condensates showed an inhibition of >40%, one of >10% and two showed no inhibition at all. Since the inhibition could be avoided by mixing, deammonification can be recommended for condensate treatment. For slurry treatment, the importance of employing some form of solid-liquid-separation as a pretreatment was noted due to the associated COD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Reiter
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management (ISAH), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodetic Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hanover, Germany;
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Freyschmidt A, Beier M. Model-based identification and testing of appropriate strategies to minimize N 2O emissions from biofilm deammonification. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:1810-1820. [PMID: 36240313 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Based on a one-year pilot plant operation of a two-step biofilm nitritation-anammox pilot plant, N2O mitigation strategies were identified by applying a newly developed biofilm modeling approach. Due to adapted plant operation, the N2O emission could be diminished by 75% (8.8% → 2.3% of NH4-Noxidized_AOB). The results (measurement and simulation) confirm the huge importance of denitrification as an N2O source or N2O sink, depending on the boundary conditions. A significant reduction of N2O emissions could only be achieved with a one-step deammonification system, which is related to low nitrite and HNO2 concentrations. Increased oxygen concentrations in the bulk phase are not related to decreased emissions. N2O formation by ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) just shifts deeper into the biofilm; zones with low oxygen concentrations are not avoidable in biofilm systems. Low oxygen concentrations in the bulk phase, however, result in a reduction of the total net N2O formation due to increased activity of heterotrophic bacteria directly at the source of N2O formation (outer biofilm layer). For the model-based identification of mitigation strategies, the standard modeling approaches for biofilms were expanded by including the factor-based N2O formation and emission approach. The new model 'Biofilm/N2OISAH' was successfully validated using data from pilot-scale measurement campaigns. Altogether, the investigation confirms that the employed digital model can strongly support the development of N2O mitigation strategies without the need for specialized measurement inside the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Freyschmidt
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management (ISAH) of the Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, Hannover 30167, Germany E-mail:
| | - M Beier
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management (ISAH) of the Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, Hannover 30167, Germany E-mail:
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Kosse P, Lübken M, Schmidt TC, Wichern M. Quantification of nitrous oxide in wastewater based on salt-induced stripping. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:83-88. [PMID: 28550728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from wastewater treatment plants has attracted much attention in recent years demanding accurate and rapid quantification methods. In the present study a salt-assisted methodology is proposed by which N2O is chemically stripped out from wastewater and quantified by gas chromatography (GC-TCD) subsequently. Eight different inorganic salts have been evaluated for this purpose, likewise the application of ultrasound. By addition of sodium bromide (NaBr) the best recovery rate of about 98% (=1.14±0.05kg·m-3) N2O from a saturated stock solution (1.16kg·m-3, 295.85K and 1atm) was achieved. The application of ultrasound led to considerable smaller N2O recoveries of 37% (=0.43±0.01kg·m-3) after a 60min treatment. Practical applicability of the method has been demonstrated by applying NaBr to grab samples from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The highest N2O concentration was found in the secondary clarifier with 10.99±0.20g·m-3. Besides, N2O could be quantified in the activated sludge process with up to 9.87±0.50g·m-3 yielding 7.75gN2O·PE-1·a-1 specifically for the investigated wastewater treatment plant. Hence, the proposed method proved suitable as a routine quantification method for N2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Kosse
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Manfred Lübken
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Wichern
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Kosonen H, Heinonen M, Mikola A, Haimi H, Mulas M, Corona F, Vahala R. Nitrous Oxide Production at a Fully Covered Wastewater Treatment Plant: Results of a Long-Term Online Monitoring Campaign. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5547-5554. [PMID: 27218458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The nitrous oxide emissions of the Viikinmäki wastewater treatment plant were measured in a 12 month online monitoring campaign. The measurements, which were conducted with a continuous gas analyzer, covered all of the unit operations of the advanced wastewater-treatment process. The relation between the nitrous oxide emissions and certain process parameters, such as the wastewater temperature, influent biological oxygen demand, and ammonium nitrogen load, was investigated by applying online data obtained from the process-control system at 1 min intervals. Although seasonal variations in the measured nitrous oxide emissions were remarkable, the measurement data indicated no clear relationship between these emissions and seasonal changes in the wastewater temperature. The diurnal variations of the nitrous oxide emissions did, however, strongly correlate with the alternation of the influent biological oxygen demand and ammonium nitrogen load to the aerated zones of the activated sludge process. Overall, the annual nitrous oxide emissions of 168 g/PE/year and the emission factor of 1.9% of the influent nitrogen load are in the high range of values reported in the literature but in very good agreement with the results of other long-term online monitoring campaigns implemented at full-scale wastewater-treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mari Heinonen
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority , Helsinki, FI-00066 Finland
| | | | | | - Michela Mulas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande , Campina Grande, Paraiba, 58429-900 Brazil
| | - Francesco Corona
- Department of Teleinformatics Engineering, Federal University of Ceará , Fortalzea, Ceará, 60455-760 Brazil
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Zhao J, Huang N, Hu B, Jia L, Ge G. Potential of nitrous oxide recovery from an aerobic/oxic/anoxic SBR process. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:1061-1066. [PMID: 26942527 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A single sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with an operating mode of anaerobic/oxic/anoxic (A/O/A) was developed to determine a simpler process to recover nitrous oxide (N2O) from synthetic wastewater containing ammonia and glucose. This SBR system was initiated in A/O mode to implement nitritation (ammonia to nitrite) and then switched to A/O/A mode. Using measurements of the dissolved N2O concentration and release rate, the total production and conversion rate of N2O were calculated to reveal the potential of producing and recovering N2O in the extended anoxic phase. Results showed that the A/O/A SBR could convert the majority of the nitrite available in the system into N2O by heterotrophic denitritation over longer anoxic periods, and a conversion rate of 77% could be achieved. As a consequence, the A/O/A SBR presents potential ability to produce and recover N2O from wastewater containing ammonia and organic carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China E-mail:
| | - Nan Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China E-mail:
| | - Bo Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China E-mail:
| | - Luwei Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China E-mail:
| | - Guanghuan Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China E-mail:
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Pratt C, Redding M, Hill J, Jensen PD. Does manure management affect the latent greenhouse gas emitting potential of livestock manures? WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 46:568-576. [PMID: 26320816 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With livestock manures being increasingly sought as alternatives to costly synthetic fertilisers, it is imperative that we understand and manage their associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Here we provide the first dedicated assessment into how the GHG emitting potential of various manures responds to the different stages of the manure management continuum (e.g., from feed pen surface vs stockpiled). The research is important from the perspective of manure application to agricultural soils. Manures studied included: manure from beef feedpen surfaces and stockpiles; poultry broiler litter (8-week batch); fresh and composted egg layer litter; and fresh and composted piggery litter. Gases assessed were methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), the two principal agricultural GHGs. We employed proven protocols to determine the manures' ultimate CH4 producing potential. We also devised a novel incubation experiment to elucidate their N2O emitting potential; a measure for which no established methods exist. We found lower CH4 potentials in manures from later stages in their management sequence compared with earlier stages, but only by a factor of 0.65×. Moreover, for the beef manures this decrease was not significant (P<0.05). Nitrous oxide emission potential was significantly positively (P<0.05) correlated with C/N ratios yet showed no obvious relationship with manure management stage. Indeed, N2O emissions from the composted egg manure were considerably (13×) and significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the fresh egg manure. Our study demonstrates that manures from all stages of the manure management continuum potentially entail significant GHG risk when applied to arable landscapes. Efforts to harness manure resources need to account for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Pratt
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, 203 Tor St, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia(1).
| | - Matthew Redding
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, 203 Tor St, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia(1)
| | - Jaye Hill
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, 203 Tor St, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia(1)
| | - Paul D Jensen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
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Magrí A, Béline F, Dabert P. Feasibility and interest of the anammox process as treatment alternative for anaerobic digester supernatants in manure processing--an overview. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 131:170-184. [PMID: 24161806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal (ANR) is based on the combination of partial nitritation (PN) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). It is a promising alternative for the subsequent treatment of biogas digester supernatants in livestock manure processing and nitrogen surplus scenarios. However, as no full-scale experiences in the treatment of manure digestates by ANR have been published to date, future field studies addressing treatment of this kind of effluent would be of great interest. Some topics to be considered in these studies would be coupling anaerobic digestion and ANR, analysis of the factors that affect the process, comparing reactor configurations, microbial ecology, gas emissions, and achieving robust performance. This paper provides an overview of published studies on ANR. Specific issues related to the applicability of the process for treating manure digestates are discussed. The energy requirements of ANR are compared with those of other technological alternatives aimed at recovering nitrogen from digester supernatants. The results of the assessment were shown to depend on the composition of the supernatant. In this regard, the PN-anammox process was shown to be more competitive than other alternatives particularly at concentrations of up to 2 kg NH4(+)-N m(-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Magrí
- IRSTEA, UR GERE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France.
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Schneider Y, Beier M, Rosenwinkel KH. Effect of substrate availability on nitrous oxide production by deammonification processes under anoxic conditions. Microb Biotechnol 2012; 5:415-24. [PMID: 22296600 PMCID: PMC3821684 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its high global warming potential, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from wastewater treatment processes have recently received a high degree of attention. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of information regarding the microbiological processes leading to N2O production. In this study, two lab‐scale sequencing batch reactors were operated with deammonification biomass to investigate the role of denitrification and the influence of substrate availability regarding N2O formation during the anoxic phase of deammonification. Three different operational phases were established: within the first phase conversion by anammox was favoured and after a transition phase, denitrification activity was promoted. Low nitrous oxide production was observed during stable operation aiming for anammox conversion. Pulsed inflow of the wastewater containing ammonium (NH4+) and nitrite (NO2‐) led to increased N2O production rates. Within the period of denitrification as dominating nitrogen conversion process, the nitrous oxide concentration level was higher during continuous inflow conditions, but the reaction to pulsed inflow was less pronounced. The results indicated that denitrification was responsible for N2O formation from the deammonification biomass. Operational settings to achieve suppression of denitrification processes to a large extend were deducted from the results of the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Schneider
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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