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Kong L, Pan YJ, Hwang JS. Multigenerational effects of glyphosate-based herbicide and emamectin benzoate insecticide on the reproduction and gene expression of the copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei (Sewell, 1919). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142423. [PMID: 38830461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of glyphosate-based herbicide (GLY) and pure emamectin benzoate (EB) insecticide on the brackish copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei. The 96h median lethal concentration (96 h LC50) was higher in the GLY exposure (male: 3420.96 ± 394.67 μg/L; female: 3093.46 ± 240.67 μg/L) than in the EB (male: 79.10 ± 7.30 μg/L; female: 6.38 ± 0.72 μg/L). Based on the result of 96h LC50, we further examined the effects of GLY and EB exposures at sub-lethal concentrations on the naupliar production of P. annandalei. Subsequently, a multigenerational experiment was conducted to assess the long-term impact of GLY and EB at concentrations 375 μg/L, and 0.025 μg/L respectively determined by sub-lethal exposure testing. During four consecutive generations, population growth, clutch size, prosome length and width, and sex ratio were measured. The copepods exposed to GLY and EB showed lower population growth but higher clutch size than the control group in most generations. Gene expression analysis indicated that GLY and EB exposures resulted in the downregulation of reproduction-related (vitellogenin) and growth-related (myosin heavy chain) genes, whereas a stress-related gene (heat shock protein 70) was upregulated after multigenerational exposure. The results of the toxicity test after post-multigenerational exposure indicated that the long-term GLY-exposed P. annandalei displayed greater vulnerability towards GLY toxicity compared to newly-exposed individuals. Whereas, the tolerance of EB was significantly higher in the long-term exposed copepod than in newly-exposed individuals. This suggests that P. annandalei might have greater adaptability towards EB toxicity than towards GLY toxicity. This study reports for the first time the impacts of common pesticides on the copepod P. annandalei, which have implications for environmental risk assessment and contributes to a better understanding of copepod physiological responses towards pesticide contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Kong
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Pan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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2
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Qu M, Wang L, Xu Q, An J, Mei Y, Liu G. Influence of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid on aquatic plants in different ecological niches. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114155. [PMID: 36206639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) draw great concern due to their potential threat to aquatic ecosystems. The individual and combined effects of glyphosate and AMPA on aquatic plants in different ecological niches need to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the ecotoxicity of glyphosate and AMPA on the emergent macrophyte Acorus calamus, phytoplankton Chlorella vulgaris, and submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans after their exposure to glyphosate and AMPA alone and to their mixture. Medium and low concentrations of glyphosate (≤ 0.5 mg L-1) significantly inhibited the growth of V. natans and promoted the growth of C. vulgaris (P < 0.05) but had no significant effect on the growth of A. calamus (P > 0.05). AMPA (≤ 5.0 mg L-1) did not significantly influence the relative growth rate (except C. vulgaris) or malonaldehyde levels but significantly altered the expression levels of chlorophyll-related genes and superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] genes in the aquatic plants examined. AMPA mainly affected the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in V. natans and not those in other two plants, indicating that V. natans was more sensitive to AMPA-induced oxidative damage. Moreover, antagonistic effects on plant growth were observed when plants were exposed to low concentrations of glyphosate + AMPA (≤ 0.1 + 0.1 mg L-1). When the concentration of glyphosate + AMPA reached 0.5 + 0.5 and 5.0 + 5.0 mg L-1, the growth of the submerged macrophyte was additively or synergistically inhibited, but the growth of the emergent macrophyte and phytoplankton was antagonistically inhibited. Our results indicated that both the individual and combined effects of glyphosate and AMPA might alter the vertical structure of shallow lakes and accelerate the conversion of shallow lakes from grass-based to algal-based lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Qu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, Microelement Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Longtao Wang
- CCCC Second Harbor Engineering Company LTD, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- BOE Environmental Energy Technology Company LTD, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Jiaqi An
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, Microelement Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunjun Mei
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Guanglong Liu
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, Microelement Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Lares BA, Vignatti AM, Echaniz SA, Gutiérrez MF. Effects of glyphosate on cladocera: A synthetic review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 249:106232. [PMID: 35809430 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] is currently the most widely used herbicide worldwide. Its application in agricultural and urban areas can lead to the dispersion and arrival to aquatic systems causing environmental deterioration with detrimental effects on the inhabiting biota. This is triggered not only by the herbicide per se but also its metabolite aminomethyl-phosphonic acid (AMPA), which can be highly toxic to many aquatic organisms. Water fleas are some of the key components in aquatic food webs, being one of the most sensitive groups to pollutants. Although being often used in standardized toxicity tests, they are comparatively less studied in relation to glyphosate exposition. Here we examine the current scientific literature regarding the acute and sublethal toxicity of glyphosate in the Cladocera taxonomic group, with special comparisons between the active ingredient (A.I) and formulations. Our results document a high variation in the lethal concentrations reported for different cladoceran species, due to the high diversity of products used in the toxicity tests. Most articles accounting for sublethal effects were performed on the standard Daphnia magna species. Reproduction, including decreased fecundity and delayed age of first reproduction, is usually one of the most severely affected individual traits. Although still scarce, studies documenting metabolic and genetic alterations might provide accurate information on the mechanisms of action of the herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsabé Ailén Lares
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
| | - Alicia María Vignatti
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Santiago Andrés Echaniz
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Gutiérrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, CONICET-UNL, Paraje El Pozo, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina; Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (FBCB-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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4
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Eluk D, Nagel O, Gagneten A, Reno U, Althaus R. Toxicity of fluoroquinolones on the cladoceran Daphnia magna. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2914-2930. [PMID: 34431154 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the acute and chronic toxicological effects of six fluoroquinolones on the mortality and growth of Daphnia magna. The NOECs calculated with the multivariate Probit regression model for the chronic study were 56 μg/L ciprofloxacin, 63 μg/L enrofloxacin, 78 μg/L levofloxacin, 85 μg/L marbofloxacin, 69 μg/L norfloxacin, and 141 μg/L ofloxacin. The risk quotients were determined using the measure environmental concentrations reported in water sources from different countries. The risks were low and moderate in water samples from rivers and lakes, although concentrations of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin reported in some countries can cause toxicological damage to D. magna. In addition, urban wastewater and hospital wastewater samples constitute a threat to D. magna (high and moderate risks), requiring the treatment of these wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The NOECs calculated with the multivariate Probit model for the six fluoroquinolonas are between 56 μg/L ciprofloxacin and 141 μg/L ofloxacin. The levels of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin in urban wastewater and hospital wastewater produce moderate and high risks for D. magna. Water and river samples from some countries containing ciprofloxacin, norlfoxacin, and ofloxacin present high risks for D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Eluk
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Orlando Nagel
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana Gagneten
- Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ulises Reno
- Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rafael Althaus
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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5
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Yang C, Lim W, Song G. Reproductive toxicity due to herbicide exposure in freshwater organisms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109103. [PMID: 34129918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Excessively used pesticides in agricultural areas are spilled into aquatic environments, wherein they are suspended or sedimented. Owing to climate change, herbicides are the fastest growing sector of the pesticide industry and are detected in surface water, groundwater, and sediments near agricultural areas. In freshwater, organisms, including mussels, snails, frogs, and fish, are exposed to various types and concentrations of herbicides. Invertebrates are sensitive to herbicide exposure because their defense systems are incomplete. At the top of the food chain in freshwater ecosystems, fish show high bioaccumulation of herbicides. Herbicide exposure causes reproductive toxicity and population declines in freshwater organisms and further contamination of fish used for consumption poses a risk to human health. In addition, it is important to understand how environmental factors are physiologically processed and assess their impacts on reproductive parameters, such as gonadosomatic index and steroid hormone levels. Zebrafish is a good model for examining the effects of herbicides such as atrazine and glyphosate on embryonic development in freshwater fish. This review describes the occurrence and role of herbicides in freshwater environments and their potential implications for the reproduction and embryonic development of freshwater organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Rodríguez-Miguel A, Hernández-Zamora M, Martínez-Jerónimo L, Martínez-Jerónimo F. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of the glyphosate-based herbicide Faena® increases sensitivity in the progeny of the American cladoceran Daphnia exilis (Herrick, 1895). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:38094-38105. [PMID: 33725304 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of herbicides has increased over the last decades. Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide commercialized in more than 750 formulations. While information about glyphosate's toxicity on different non-target aquatic organisms has been vastly documented, we know little about the transgenerational effects in aquatic biota. This study determined the cross-generation effects produced by the glyphosate-based herbicide Faena® on the American cladoceran Daphnia exilis. Measured endpoints were survival, reproductive responses, metabolic biomarkers, and the size of neonates. D. exilis was exposed to glyphosate concentrations of 2.09, 2.49, and 3.15 (mg L-1) (as content in Faena®) during 21 days starting from neonates, at 25°C, 16:8 photoperiod, fed with 8 × 105 cells mL-1 of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The LC50 was 4.22 mg L-1. Survival, accumulated progeny, and the number of clutches in the parental generation (P1) were significantly higher than those observed in the first generation (F1). Exposure to the herbicide completely inhibited reproduction in the F1. The size of the neonates varied among treatments and broods in P1; nevertheless, neonate size (body and total lengths, as well as body width) was significantly affected in F1. Toxic effects on the survival and reproduction of D. exilis were significantly increased in the F1 exposed to Faena®. Results warn about the augmented effect on progeny where parents were exposed to this herbicide. Multigenerational adverse effects could be expected in freshwater zooplankton exposed to Faena®. The frequently claimed low toxicity of glyphosate must be revised to control the indiscriminate use of this herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rodríguez-Miguel
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, 11340, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Miriam Hernández-Zamora
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, 11340, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Laura Martínez-Jerónimo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, 11340, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, 11340, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico.
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7
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Kergaravat SV, Hernández SR, Gagneten AM. Second-, third- and fourth-generation quinolones: Ecotoxicity effects on Daphnia and Ceriodaphnia species. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127823. [PMID: 32777613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We conducted the first complete toxicological study of six quinolones, including acute, chronic, and recovery assays on Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia. The assayed quinolones were second-generation ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR), enrofloxacin (ENR), and marbofloxacin (MAR); third-generation levofloxacin (LEV), and fourth-generation moxifloxacin (MOX). The median lethal concentrations (LC50) obtained for both species by acute ecotoxicity assay ranged from 14 to 73 mg L-1 and from 3 to 23 mg L-1 at 48 and 72 h, respectively; while the median effective concentration (EC50) ranged from 4 to 28 mg L-1 in the chronic ecotoxicity assays. C. dubia surviving the chronic exposure assay was monitored in recovery assays free of quinolones. A fluorometric method was used to confirm that there was no significant loss of quinolone concentrations during the acute assays. We also used this method to show that quinolone concentrations fell below 80% of the nominal value after 9-11 d if exposure solutions were not renewed. This study on the ecotoxicological and chemical behavior of quinolones in two cladoceran species fills a data gap about how these emerging contaminants affect nontarget aquatic organisms and how long they persist in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina V Kergaravat
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Laboratorio de Sensores y Biosensores, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Silvia R Hernández
- Laboratorio de Sensores y Biosensores, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana María Gagneten
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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8
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Romero N, Visentini FF, Márquez VE, Santiago LG, Castro GR, Gagneten AM. Physiological and morphological responses of green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris to silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109857. [PMID: 32777636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the physiology and morphology of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris were studied. AgNPs were characterized by particle size distribution, ζ potential measurement, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Chlorella vulgaris was exposed to 90-1440 μg/L of AgNPs range in Bold's Basal Medium for 96 h. The inhibition of algae growth rate and changes in the concentrations of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, pheophytin, and carotenoids was determined at the beginning and end of the trial. Cell diameter and volume, carbohydrate, total lipids, and protein content were also determined. Our data strongly suggest that the toxic effects of the AgNPs resulted in concentration and time-dependent. AgNPs altered C. vulgaris growth kinetics and cell metabolism expressed in photosynthetic pigments and biochemical composition. Our study confirmed the cytotoxicity of AgNPs through the algal growth inhibition with an EC50 value of 110 μg/L. Also, changes of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, pheophytin, and carotenoids concentrations were observed associated with a color shift from green to pale brown of algae cultures exposed to AgNPs for 96 h. Furthermore, algae cell concentration, diameter, and volume, plus total lipid, protein, and carbohydrates contents in the presence of AgNPs, were significantly altered compared to untreated cells. In synthesis, this study highlighted AgNPs toxic effects on morphological and physiological traits of C. vulgaris and warns about possible impacts on energy flow and aquatic food web structure, and on the transfer efficiency of energy to higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalí Romero
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria - Paraje El Pozo S/n (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; CONICET, Predio CONICET "Dr. Alberto Cassano", Colectora Ruta Nac. Nº 168, Km. 0, Paraje El Pozo (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Flavia F Visentini
- CONICET, Predio CONICET "Dr. Alberto Cassano", Colectora Ruta Nac. Nº 168, Km. 0, Paraje El Pozo (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Área de Biocoloides y Nanotecnología, Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA), Facultad de Ingeniería Química (FIQ), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago Del Estero 2829, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Vanina E Márquez
- Laboratorio de Fermentaciones, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria - Paraje El Pozo S/n (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Liliana G Santiago
- CONICET, Predio CONICET "Dr. Alberto Cassano", Colectora Ruta Nac. Nº 168, Km. 0, Paraje El Pozo (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Área de Biocoloides y Nanotecnología, Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA), Facultad de Ingeniería Química (FIQ), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago Del Estero 2829, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Castro
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI - Departamento de Química - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 50 Nº 227, La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Gagneten
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria - Paraje El Pozo S/n (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Fantón N, Bacchetta C, Rossi A, Gutierrez MF. Effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the development and biochemical biomarkers of the freshwater copepod Notodiaptomus carteri (Lowndes, 1934). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110501. [PMID: 32247958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work we analyzed the effects of Sulfosato Touchdown®, a glyphosate-based herbicide, on the ontogenic development and biochemical markers of the freshwater copepod Notodiaptomus carteri. A 30-days life-cycle experiment was carried out with three different glyphosate concentrations (0, 0.38, and 0.81 mg L-1) to analyze the developmental time from nauplii to adult copepods and their individual growth. An additional 10-days experiment with the same glyphosate concentrations was designed to evaluate the energy reserves (glycogen, proteins and lipids) and the activity of three antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in adult copepods, separately for females and males. We found that the lowest glyphosate concentration increased the nauplii and total development time. The highest glyphosate concentration prevented copepods from reaching the adult stage, inhibited the growth of the first copepodite stage and increased the GST and SOD activity in adult females. According to our results, the presence of this herbicide in freshwater systems could impose a risk in the ecological role of copepods in nature. This study will contribute to propose the Notodiaptomus genus as model specie for monitoring purposes in the Neotropical aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Fantón
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Carla Bacchetta
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (FBCB-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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10
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Arias M, Bonetto C, Mugni H. Sublethal effects on Simocephalus vetulus (Cladocera: Daphnidae) of pulse exposures of cypermethrin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110546. [PMID: 32251952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are among the most widely applied insecticides worldwide and cypermethrin is the pyrethroid most used in Argentina. Pesticides used in crops can reach adjacent watercourses through runoff and may lead to non-target fauna receiving toxic pulse exposures. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cypermethrin pulse exposures on the widely distributed crustacean Simocephalus vetulus. The 48h-LC50 of cypermethrin for S. vetulus was determined at 0.18 ± 0.09 μg/L. To assess the effects of cypermethrin under environmentally realistic exposures, two experiments were performed. In the first one, specimens were exposed for 90 min to cypermethrin at 0.02 (T1), 0.2 (T2) and 1 μg/L (T3), transferred to clean water and monitored for 24 h as regards survival and feeding rates; specimens exposed to T2 and T3 concentrations showed significant lower feeding rates than those in the control group. In the second experiment, specimens were exposed for 90 min every 7 days and monitored over 25 days; S. vetulus showed lower cumulative fecundity and reproduction rates at all concentrations tested, and lower population growth at the highest concentration. All exposure concentrations lay within reported environmental concentrations and risk assessment indicated risk (RQ > 1), suggesting that sensitive species would be affected by such pulse exposures of cypermethrin. The present study thus suggests that ongoing agricultural practices affect the non-target invertebrates in streams adjacent to crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Arias
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA), UNLP-CONICET-FCNyM, Boulevard 120 y 62, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carlos Bonetto
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA), UNLP-CONICET-FCNyM, Boulevard 120 y 62, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Mugni
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA), UNLP-CONICET-FCNyM, Boulevard 120 y 62, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Solís-González G, Cortés-Téllez AA, Téllez-Pérez ZI, Bartolomé-Camacho MC. Toxicidad aguda del herbicida N-(fosfonometil) glicina sobre representantes planctónicos Artemia franciscana y Microcystis aeruginosa. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2019. [DOI: 10.22201/fesz.23958723e.2019.0.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
En los ecosistemas acuáticos se producen alteraciones cuando de forma continua están expuestos al N-(fosfonometil) glicina (glifosato), especies susceptibles a un determinado grado de concentración y tiempo de exposición a este compuesto químico. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la concentración letal media (CL50(24)) en Artemia franciscana, así como la concentración inhibitoria media poblacional (CI50) y el coeficiente de forma (CF) en la cianobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa en ecosistemas acuáticos. Los resultados para A. franciscana fueron de una CL50(24) 0.31 mg L-1; y sobre M. aeruginosa de una CI50(72) 53.95 mg L-1. En cuanto al estudio del coeficiente de forma, en las células control de M. aeruginosa resultó en un CF≈1, mientras que expuestas a 72h-NOEC (Concentración sin Efecto Observable) fue de 2.95 mg L-1. La CI50(72) fue de 53.95 mg L-1 indicando que las células se mantienen esféricas, sin embargo, hay cambios significativos en su volumen y superficie celular en la CI50(72) de 7.69 ± 1.69 µm3 con un 33% en reducción de volumen comparada con la célula control, lo que refleja los peligros ecotoxicológicos de este herbicida. La exposición al glifosato resultó de categoría I (altamente tóxica) en A. franciscana y categoría II (tóxica) en M. aeruginosa, de acuerdo con la clasificación de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (U.S. EPA).
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Reno U, Doyle SR, Momo FR, Regaldo L, Gagneten AM. Effects of glyphosate formulations on the population dynamics of two freshwater cladoceran species. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:784-793. [PMID: 29404864 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The general objective of this work is to experimentally assess the effects of acute glyphosate pollution on two freshwater cladoceran species (Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia) and to use this information to predict the population dynamics and the potential for recovery of exposed organisms. Five to six concentrations of four formulations of glyphosate (4-Gly) (Eskoba®, Panzer Gold®, Roundup Ultramax® and Sulfosato Touchdown®) were evaluated in both cladoceran species through acute tests and 15-day recovery tests in order to estimate the population dynamics of microcrustaceans. The endpoints of the recovery test were: survival, growth (number of molts), fecundity, and the intrinsic population growth rate (r). A matrix population model (MPM) was applied to r of the survivor individuals of the acute tests, followed by a Monte Carlo simulation study. Among the 4-Gly tested, Sulfosato Touchdown® was the one that showed higher toxicity, and C. dubia was the most sensitive species. The Monte Carlo simulation study showed an average value of λ always <1 for D. magna, indicating that its populations would not be able to survive under natural environmental conditions after an acute Gly exposure between 0.25 and 35 a.e. mg L-1. The average value of λ for C. dubia was also <1 after exposure to Roundup Ultramax®: 1.30 and 1.20 for 1.21 and 2.5 mg a.e. L-1,respectively. The combined methodology-recovery tests and the later analysis through MPM with a Monte Carlo simulation study-is proposed to integrate key demographic parameters and predict the possible fate of microcrustacean populations after being exposed to acute 4-Gly contamination events.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Reno
- Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - S R Doyle
- Área de Biología y Bioinformática, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, Los Polvorines, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F R Momo
- Área de Biología y Bioinformática, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, Los Polvorines, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Regaldo
- Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A M Gagneten
- Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
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Gutierrez MF, Battauz Y, Caisso B. Disruption of the hatching dynamics of zooplankton egg banks due to glyphosate application. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:644-653. [PMID: 28056451 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hatching rhythms of eggs banks are important processes because they favor species co-existence and promote resilience of ecosystems after natural disturbances. Anthropogenic stressors can disrupt such natural hatching dynamics. This work examines the effects of concentrations ranging from 1 to 8 mg l-1 of a commercial glyphosate-based formulation (Sulfosato Touchdown®) on the hatching dynamics of zooplankton dormant stages, present in the sediment of a natural lake. Sediment samples were collected from the surface sediment (<10 cm deep) of an isolated shallow lake free from pesticide pollution. An ex situ emergence assessment method was carried out and four treatments plus one control (without pesticide) were performed with three replicate each. Zooplankton hatching from the resting stages was monitored during 30 days. In total, 30 zooplankton taxa were recognized. The species diversity decreased significantly at concentration above 2.7 mg l-1 glyphosate. The proportion of cladocerans within hatchling organisms decreased, while that of rotifers Bdelloidea increased in all treatments with glyphosate. Time of the first hatching (TFH), time of maximum hatching (TMH) and the frequency of hatchings (FH) of most zooplankton species were also altered. In conclusion, the application of a glyphosate-based pesticide selectively affected the hatching dynamic of zooplankton egg banks, which suggest that these resting structures are highly sensitive to the toxicity of the pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Escuela Superior de Sanidad (FBCB-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Yamila Battauz
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, 3100 Entre Ríos, Argentina.
| | - Belén Caisso
- Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, 3100 Entre Ríos, Argentina
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Zhu X, Sun Y, Zhang X, Heng H, Nan H, Zhang L, Huang Y, Yang Z. Herbicides interfere with antigrazer defenses in Scenedesmus obliquus. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 162:243-251. [PMID: 27501311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The extensive application of herbicides has led to a serious threat of herbicide contamination to aquatic ecosystem. Herbicide exposure affects aquatic communities not only by exerting toxicity on single species but also by changing interspecific interactions. This study investigated the antigrazer defenses of the common green alga Scenedesmus obliquus against different herbicides [glyphosate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and atrazine] at various concentrations (0-2.0 mg L(-1)). In the presence of grazer (Daphnia)-derived cues, S. obliquus populations without herbicides formed high proportions of multicelled (e.g., four- and eight-celled) colonies. This result confirms that S. obliquus exhibits a morphological defense against grazing risk. At the low concentration range of 0.002-0.02 mg L(-1), the three herbicides exerted no influence on the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of S. obliquus, and multicelled colonies showed constant proportions. At the high concentration range of 0.20-2.0 mg L(-1), atrazine significantly inhibited the algal growth and photosynthesis whereas glyphosate or 2,4-D did not. Nonetheless, these levels of glyphosate or 2,4-D remarkably decreased the proportion of multicelled colonies, with reduced numbers of cells per particle in Daphnia filtrate-treated population. No eight-celled colony was formed after treatment with atrazine at 0.20-2.0 mg L(-1) despite the addition of Daphnia filtrate. These results suggest that herbicide exposure impairs antigrazer colonial morphs in phytoplankton although it is not sufficient to hamper algal growth. This phenomenon can increase the risk of predation by herbivores, thereby disrupting the inducible phytoplankton community. Furthermore, the predator-prey interactions between herbivores and phytoplankton can be potentially changed more seriously than previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hailu Heng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haihong Nan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Machuca LM, Reno U, Plem SC, Gagneten AM, Murguía MC. <i>N</i>-Acetylated Gemini Surfactants: Synthesis, Surface-Active Properties, Antifungal Activity, and Ecotoxicity Bioassays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/aces.2015.52023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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