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Wang P, Wang S, Zhu C, Sun Y, Yan Q, Yi G. Monascus purpureus M-32 fermented soybean meal improves the growth, immunity parameters, intestinal morphology, disease resistance, intestinal microbiota and metabolome in Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei). ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:283-296. [PMID: 38800738 PMCID: PMC11127234 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Monascus purpureus M-32 fermented soybean meal (MFSM) on growth, immunity, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota, and intestinal metabolome of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four groups of diets were formulated, including control group (30% fish meal and 30% soybean meal [SBM] included in the basal diet) and three experimental groups which MFSM replaced 20% (MFSM20), 40% (MFSM40), and 60% (MFSM60) of SBM in control group, respectively. Results showed that the soluble proteins larger than 49 kDa in MFSM were almost completely degraded. Meanwhile, the crude protein, acid-soluble protein, and amino acid in MFSM were increased. The results of shrimp culture experiment showed that the replacement of SBM with MFSM decreased FCR (P < 0.001) and content of malondialdehyde (P = 0.007) in the experimental groups, and increased weight gain rate (P = 0.006), specific growth rate (P = 0.002), survival rate (P = 0.005), intestinal villus height (P < 0.001), myenteric thickness (P = 0.002), the activities of superoxide dismutase (P = 0.002), and lysozyme (P = 0.006) in experimental groups, as well as increased content of calcium (Ca2+) and phosphorus (PO 4 3 - ) in blood and muscle, and enhanced resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. The gut microbiota of MFSM groups was significantly different from that of the control group, and the abundance of Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia increased significantly in the MFSM60 group, whereas Proteobacteria and Firmicutes decreased. Compared with the control group, there were significant changes in the levels of several intestinal metabolites in the MFSM60 group, including leukotriene C5, prostaglandin A1, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, carnosine, and itaconic acid. The fermentation of SBM by the strain M. purpureus M-32 has the potential to enhance the nutritional quality of SBM, promote the growth of L. vannamei, boost immune response, improve intestinal morphology and microbiota composition, as well as influence intestinal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Functional Feed and Environmental Regulation of Fujian Province, Fujian DBN Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzou, Fujian 363500, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Functional Feed and Environmental Regulation of Fujian Province, Fujian DBN Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzou, Fujian 363500, China
| | - Chuanzhong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Functional Feed and Environmental Regulation of Fujian Province, Fujian DBN Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzou, Fujian 363500, China
| | - Yunzhang Sun
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Ganfeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Functional Feed and Environmental Regulation of Fujian Province, Fujian DBN Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzou, Fujian 363500, China
- Fantastic Victory (Shenzhen) Technological Innovation Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, China
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Watabe T, Yamahira S, Takakura K, Thumkeo D, Narumiya S, Matsuda M, Terai K. Calcium transients trigger switch-like discharge of prostaglandin E 2 in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent manner. eLife 2024; 12:RP86727. [PMID: 38276879 PMCID: PMC10945702 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a key player in a plethora of physiological and pathological events. Nevertheless, little is known about the dynamics of PGE2 secretion from a single cell and its effect on the neighboring cells. Here, by observing confluent Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells expressing fluorescent biosensors, we demonstrate that calcium transients in a single cell cause PGE2-mediated radial spread of PKA activation (RSPA) in neighboring cells. By in vivo imaging, RSPA was also observed in the basal layer of the mouse epidermis. Experiments with an optogenetic tool revealed a switch-like PGE2 discharge in response to the increasing cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations. The cell density of MDCK cells correlated with the frequencies of calcium transients and the following RSPA. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation also enhanced the frequency of RSPA in MDCK and in vivo. Thus, the PGE2 discharge is regulated temporally by calcium transients and ERK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Watabe
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shinya Yamahira
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kanako Takakura
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Dean Thumkeo
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kenta Terai
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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Neuschäfer-Rube F, Schön T, Kahnt I, Püschel GP. LDL-Dependent Regulation of TNFα/PGE 2 Induced COX-2/mPGES-1 Expression in Human Macrophage Cell Lines. Inflammation 2023; 46:893-911. [PMID: 36598592 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark in severe diseases such as atherosclerosis and non-alcohol-induced steatohepatitis (NASH). In the development of inflammation, prostaglandins, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), are major players alongside with chemo- and cytokines, like tumor-necrosis-factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). During inflammation, PGE2 synthesis can be increased by the transcriptional induction of the two key enzymes: cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which converts arachidonic acid to PGH2, and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (mPGES-1), which synthesizes PGE2 from PGH2. Both COX-2 and mPGES-2 were induced by a dietary intervention where mice were fed a fatty acid-rich and, more importantly, cholesterol-rich diet, leading to the development of NASH. Since macrophages are the main source of PGE2 synthesis and cholesterol is predominantly transported as LDL, the regulation of COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression by native LDL was analyzed in human macrophage cell lines. THP-1 and U937 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages, through which TNFα and PGE-2 induced COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression by LDL could be analyzed on both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, the interaction of LDL- and EP receptor signal chains in COX-2/mPGES-1 expression and PGE2-synthesis were analyzed in more detail using EP receptor specific agonists. Furthermore, the LDL-mediated signal transduction in THP-1 macrophages was analyzed by measuring ERK and Akt phosphorylation as well as transcriptional regulation of transcription factor Egr-1. COX-2 and mPGES-1 were induced in both THP-1 and U937 macrophages by the combination of TNFα and PGE2. Surprisingly, LDL dose-dependently increased the expression of mPGES-1 but repressed the expression of COX-2 on mRNA and protein levels in both cell lines. The interaction of LDL and PGE2 signal chains in mPGES-1 induction as well as PGE2-synthesis could be mimicked by through simultaneous stimulation with EP2 and EP4 agonists. In THP-1 macrophages, LDL induced Akt-phosphorylation, which could be blocked by a PI3 kinase inhibitor. Alongside blocking Akt-phosphorylation, the PI3K inhibitor inhibited LDL-mediated mPGES-1 induction; however, it did not attenuate the repression of COX-2 expression. LDL repressed basal ERK phosphorylation and expression of downstream transcription factor Egr-1, which might lead to inhibition of COX-2 expression. These findings suggest that simultaneous stimulation with a combination of TNFα, PGE2, and native LDL-activated signal chains in macrophage cell lines leads to maximal mPGES-1 activity, as well repression of COX-2 expression, by activating PI3K as well as repression of ERK/Egr-1 signal chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Neuschäfer-Rube
- Institut Für Ernährungswissenschaft, Universität Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Theresa Schön
- Institut Für Ernährungswissenschaft, Universität Giessen, Wilhelmstr. 20, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Ines Kahnt
- Institut Für Ernährungswissenschaft, Universität Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Gerhard Paul Püschel
- Institut Für Ernährungswissenschaft, Universität Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
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COX-2/sEH Dual Inhibitor Alleviates Hepatocyte Senescence in NAFLD Mice by Restoring Autophagy through Sirt1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158267. [PMID: 35897843 PMCID: PMC9332821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously found that the disorder of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH)/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolism contributes to the pathogenesis of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. However, the exact mechanism has not been elucidated. Accumulating evidence points to the essential role of cellular senescence in NAFLD. Herein, we investigated whether restoring the balance of sEH/COX-2-mediated ARA metabolism attenuated NAFLD via hepatocyte senescence. A promised dual inhibitor of sEH and COX-2, PTUPB, was used in our study to restore the balance of sEH/COX-2-mediated ARA metabolism. In vivo, NAFLD was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) using C57BL/6J mice. In vitro, mouse hepatocytes (AML12) and mouse hepatic astrocytes (JS1) were used to investigate the effects of PTUPB on palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocyte senescence and its mechanism. PTUPB alleviated liver injury, decreased collagen and lipid accumulation, restored glucose tolerance, and reduced hepatic triglyceride levels in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. Importantly, PTUPB significantly reduced the expression of liver senescence-related molecules p16, p53, and p21 in HFD mice. In vitro, the protein levels of γH2AX, p53, p21, COX-2, and sEH were increased in AML12 hepatocytes treated with PA, while Ki67 and PCNA were significantly decreased. PTUPB decreased the lipid content, the number of β-gal positive cells, and the expression of p53, p21, and γH2AX proteins in AML12 cells. Meanwhile, PTUPB reduced the activation of hepatic astrocytes JS1 by slowing the senescence of AML12 cells in a co-culture system. It was further observed that PTUPB enhanced the ratio of autophagy-related protein LC3II/I in AML12 cells, up-regulated the expression of Fundc1 protein, reduced p62 protein, and suppressed hepatocyte senescence. In addition, PTUPB enhanced hepatocyte autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway through Sirt1, contributing to the suppression of senescence. PTUPB inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway through Sirt1, improves autophagy, slows down the senescence of hepatocytes, and alleviates NAFLD.
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Rahimian R, Belliveau C, Chen R, Mechawar N. Microglial Inflammatory-Metabolic Pathways and Their Potential Therapeutic Implication in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:871997. [PMID: 35782423 PMCID: PMC9245023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.871997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the notion that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), at least in a subset of patients. By virtue of their capacity to transform into reactive states in response to inflammatory insults, microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, play a pivotal role in the induction of neuroinflammation. Experimental studies have demonstrated the ability of microglia to recognize pathogens or damaged cells, leading to the activation of a cytotoxic response that exacerbates damage to brain cells. However, microglia display a wide range of responses to injury and may also promote resolution stages of inflammation and tissue regeneration. MDD has been associated with chronic priming of microglia. Recent studies suggest that altered microglial morphology and function, caused either by intense inflammatory activation or by senescence, may contribute to depression and associated impairments in neuroplasticity. In this context, modifying microglia phenotype by tuning inflammatory pathways might have important translational relevance to harness neuroinflammation in MDD. Interestingly, it was recently shown that different microglial phenotypes are associated with distinct metabolic pathways and analysis of the underlying molecular mechanisms points to an instrumental role for energy metabolism in shaping microglial functions. Here, we review various canonical pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and metabolic pathways in microglia that may provide new therapeutic opportunities to control neuroinflammation in brain disorders, with a strong focus on MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahimian
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Belliveau
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rebecca Chen
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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6
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Maehara T, Fujimori K. Inhibition of Prostaglandin F 2α Receptors Exaggerates HCl-Induced Lung Inflammation in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312843. [PMID: 34884648 PMCID: PMC8657597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are severe respiratory disorders that are caused by aspiration, sepsis, trauma, and pneumonia. A clinical feature of ALI/ARDS is the acute onset of severe hypoxemia, and the mortality rate, which is estimated at 38-50%, remains high. Although prostaglandins (PGs) are detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with ALI/ARDS, the role of PGF2α in ALI remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the role of PGF2α/PGF2α receptor (FP) signaling in acid-induced ALI using an FP receptor antagonist, AL8810. Intratracheal injection of hydrochloric acid (HCl) increased neutrophil migration into the lungs, leading to respiratory dysfunction. Pre-administration of AL8810 further increased these features. Moreover, pre-treatment with AL8810 enhanced the HCl-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil migratory factors in the lungs. Administration of HCl decreased the gene expression of lung surfactant proteins, which was further reduced by co-administration of AL8810. Administration of AL8810 also increased lung edema and reduced mRNA expression of epithelial sodium channel in the lungs, indicating that AL8810 reduced fluid clearance. Furthermore, AL8810 also increased lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of adhesion molecules such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These results indicate that inhibition of FP receptors by AL8810 exacerbated HCl-induced ALI.
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7
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Mandras S, Kovacs G, Olschewski H, Broderick M, Nelsen A, Shen E, Champion H. Combination Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-Targeting the Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin Pathways. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:453-462. [PMID: 33836637 PMCID: PMC8261771 DOI: 10.1177/10742484211006531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and progressive disorder
characterized by vascular remodeling of the small pulmonary arteries, resulting
in elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and ultimately, right ventricular
failure. Expanded understanding of PAH pathophysiology as it pertains to the
nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2) (PGI2)
and endothelin-1 pathways has led to recent advancements in targeted drug
development and substantial improvements in morbidity and mortality. There are
currently several classes of drugs available to target these pathways including
phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)
stimulators, prostacyclin class agents and endothelin receptor antagonists
(ERAs). Combination therapy in PAH, either upfront or sequentially, has become a
widely adopted treatment strategy, allowing for simultaneous targeting of more
than one of these signaling pathways implicated in disease progression. Much of
the current treatment landscape has focused on initial combination therapy with
ambrisentan and tadalafil, an ERA and PDE5I respectively, following results of
the AMBITION study demonstrating combination to be superior to either agent
alone as upfront therapy. Consequently, clinicians often consider combination
therapy with other drugs and drug classes, as deemed clinically appropriate, for
patients with PAH. An alternative regimen that targets the NO and
PGI2 pathways has been adopted by some clinicians as an effective
and sometimes preferred therapeutic combination for PAH. Although there is a
paucity of prospective data, preclinical data and results from secondary data
analysis of clinical studies targeting these pathways may provide novel insights
into this alternative combination as a reasonable, and sometimes preferred,
alternative approach to combination therapy in PAH. This review of preclinical
and clinical data will discuss the current understanding of combination therapy
that simultaneously targets the NO and PGI2 signaling pathways,
highlighting the clinical advantages and theoretical biochemical interplay of
these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Medical University of Graz, 580955Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Medical University of Graz, 580955Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Andrew Nelsen
- United Therapeutics Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Eric Shen
- United Therapeutics Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Hunter Champion
- Division of Cardiology, 12241Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
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8
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Faki Y, Er A. Different Chemical Structures and Physiological/Pathological Roles of Cyclooxygenases. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2021; 12:RMMJ.10426. [PMID: 33245277 PMCID: PMC7835113 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes cyclooxygenase (COX), which synthesizes prostanoids that play an important role in living things. The authors conducted a national and international literature review on the subject. The COX enzyme uses arachidonic acid to form prostanoids, which play a role in several physiological and pathological conditions. This enzyme has different isoforms, mainly COX-1 and COX-2. The constitutive isoform is COX-1, while COX-2 is the inducible isoform. Both are expressed in different tissues and at different levels, but they may also coexist within the same tissue. Both isoforms show essentially the same mode of action, but their substrates and inhibitors may differ. The COX-1 isoform, which plays a role in the continuation of physiological events, has an increased expression level in various carcinomas, and the COX-2 isoform, which is increased in inflammatory conditions, is typically expressed at low physiological levels in some tissues such as the brain, kidney, and uterus. In addition to investigating the efficacies of the COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms, the discovery of potential new COX enzymes and their effect continues. This review also looks at the roles of the COX enzyme in certain physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayse Er
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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9
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Alzheimer's Disease and Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators: Do MaR1, RvD1, and NPD1 Show Promise for Prevention and Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165783. [PMID: 32806612 PMCID: PMC7460933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease and a major contributor to progressive cognitive impairment in an aging society. As the pathophysiology of AD involves chronic neuroinflammation, the resolution of inflammation and the group of lipid mediators that actively regulate it-i.e., specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs)-attracted attention in recent years as therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the following three specific SPMs and summarizes their relationships to AD, as they were shown to effectively address and reduce the risk of AD-related neuroinflammation: maresin 1 (MaR1), resolvin D1 (RvD1), and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1). These three SPMs are metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is contained in fish oils and is thus easily available to the public. They are expected to become incorporated into promising avenues for preventing and treating AD in the future.
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Roles of Toll-like receptor 2/4, monoacylglycerol lipase, and cyclooxygenase in social defeat stress-induced prostaglandin E 2 synthesis in the brain and their behavioral relevance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17548. [PMID: 31772309 PMCID: PMC6879743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in the brain and periphery has been associated with stress-related pathology of mental illness. We have shown that prostaglandin (PG) E2, an arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediator, and innate immune receptors Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4 are crucial for repeated stress-induced behavioral changes in rodents. However, how the stress induces PGE2 synthesis in the brain and whether TLR2/4 are involved in the PGE2 synthesis remain unknown. Using mice lacking TLR2 and TLR4 in combination, here we show that social defeat stress (SDS) induced the PGE2 synthesis in subcortical, but not cortical, tissues in a TLR2/4-dependent manner. It is known that PGE2 in the brain is mainly derived by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL)-mediated conversion of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol to free-arachidonic acid, a substrate for cyclooxygenase (COX) for PGE2 synthesis. We found that TLR2/4 deletion reduced the mRNA expression of MAGL and COX1 in subcortical tissues after repeated SDS. Perturbation of MAGL and COX1 as well as COX2 abolished SDS-induced PGE2 synthesis in subcortical tissues. Furthermore, systemic administration of JZL184, an MAGL inhibitor, abolished repeated SDS-induced social avoidance. These results suggest that SDS induces PGE2 synthesis in subcortical regions of the brain via the MAGL-COX pathway in a TLR2/4-dependent manner, thereby leading to social avoidance.
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11
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Zhang CY, Duan JX, Yang HH, Sun CC, Zhong WJ, Tao JH, Guan XX, Jiang HL, Hammock BD, Hwang SH, Zhou Y, Guan CX. COX-2/sEH dual inhibitor PTUPB alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via inhibiting senescence. FEBS J 2019; 287:1666-1680. [PMID: 31646730 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a senescence-associated disease with poor prognosis. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating the disease process. Mounting evidence suggests that arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of various fibrosis. However, the relationship between the metabolism of ARA and PF is still elusive. In this study, we observed a disorder in the cyclooxygenase-2/cytochrome P450 (COX-2/CYP) metabolism of ARA in the lungs of PF mice induced by bleomycin (BLM). Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of COX-2/CYP-derived ARA metabolic disorders in PF. PTUPB, a dual COX-2 and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor, was used to restore the balance of COX-2/CYP metabolism. sEH is an enzyme hydrolyzing epoxyeicosatrienoic acids derived from ARA by CYP. We found that PTUPB alleviated the pathological changes in lung tissue and collagen deposition, as well as reduced senescence marker molecules (p16Ink4a and p53-p21Waf1/Cip1 ) in the lungs of mice treated by BLM. In vitro, we found that PTUPB pretreatment remarkably reduced the expression of senescence-related molecules in the alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) induced by BLM. In conclusion, our study supports the notion that the COX-2/CYP-derived ARA metabolic disorders may be a potential therapeutic target for PF via inhibiting the cellular senescence in AECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Xi Duan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen-Chen Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhong
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Hao Tao
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Xin Guan
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-Ling Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cha-Xiang Guan
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Osthues T, Sisignano M. Oxidized Lipids in Persistent Pain States. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1147. [PMID: 31680947 PMCID: PMC6803483 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, nerve injuries, or diseases like multiple sclerosis can cause pathophysiological processes of persistent and neuropathic pain. Thereby, the activation threshold of ion channels is reduced in peripheral sensory neurons to normally noxious stimuli like heat, cold, acid, or mechanical due to sensitization processes. This leads to enhanced neuronal activity, which can result in mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, spontaneous pain, and may initiate persistent and neuropathic pain. The treatment options for persistent and neuropathic pain patients are limited; for about 50% of them, current medication is not efficient due to severe side effects or low response to the treatment. Therefore, it is of special interest to find additional treatment strategies. One approach is the control of neuronal sensitization processes. Herein, signaling lipids are crucial mediators and play an important role during the onset and maintenance of pain. As preclinical studies demonstrate, lipids may act as endogenous ligands or may sensitize transient receptor potential (TRP)-channels. Likewise, they can cause enhanced activity of sensory neurons by mechanisms involving G-protein coupled receptors and activation of intracellular protein kinases. In this regard, oxidized metabolites of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid, 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE), their dihydroxy-metabolites (DiHOMEs), as well as epoxides of linoleic acid (EpOMEs) and of arachidonic acid (EETs), as well as lysophospholipids, sphingolipids, and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) have been reported to play distinct roles in pain transmission or inhibition. Here, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of the oxidized linoleic acid metabolites and eicosanoids. Furthermore, we critically evaluate their role as potential targets for the development of novel analgesics and for the treatment of persistent or neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Osthues
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Umamaheswaran S, Dasari SK, Yang P, Lutgendorf SK, Sood AK. Stress, inflammation, and eicosanoids: an emerging perspective. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:203-211. [PMID: 29948328 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies support the notion that adrenergic stimulation and chronic stress affect inflammation, metabolism, and tumor growth. Eicosanoids are also known to heavily influence inflammation while regulating certain stress responses. However, additional work is needed to understand the full extent of interactions between the stress-related pathways and eicosanoids. Here, we review the potential influences that stress, inflammation, and metabolic pathways have on each other, in the context of eicosanoids. Understanding the intricacies of such interactions could provide insights on how systemic metabolic effects mediated by the stress pathways can be translated into therapies for cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujanitha Umamaheswaran
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1362, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Santosh K Dasari
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1362, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan K Lutgendorf
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1362, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Faiga NN, Rachmadi P, Meizarini A. Neovascular Pattern in Wound Healing after Zinc Oxide and Curcuma longa Rhizome Extract Dressing Application. Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 9:S337-S341. [PMID: 30294168 PMCID: PMC6169289 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_435_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Zinc oxide-eugenol dressing is widely used in the dentistry field. Eugenol in wound dressing acts as an antibacterial and analgesic agent but known to cause hypersensitivity reaction and allergies. Curcuma longa rhizome extract could perform as a substitute of eugenol as its active compounds have an anti-inflammation, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. It has also been shown to have proangiogenic and promote wound healing. This study aimed to discover the number of neovascular in the wound healing process after the application of zinc oxide and C. longa rhizome extract wound dressing. Materials and Methods: Full-thickness excision wound of 6 mm × 6 mm was made in the dorsal of 32 Wistar strains Rattus norvegicus, before being equally divided into eight groups (n = 4): four control groups (C3, C5, C7, and C14) without any dressing and 4 treatment groups (T3, T5, T7, and T14) were dressed with zinc oxide and C. longa extract wound dressing. The rats consecutively sacrificed on day 3 (C3, T3), day 5 (C5, T5), day 7 (C7, T7), and day 14 (C14, T14) to observe the neovascular pattern and number using H and E staining. Obtained data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The neovascular growth in both control and treatment groups have the same pattern, while the number of neovascular in treatment groups significantly higher than the control groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Wound dressing combination of zinc oxide and C. longa extract can increase the number of neovascular in the wound healing process, while the optimum duration of application is 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilna Naila Faiga
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Priyawan Rachmadi
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Asti Meizarini
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Cutolo M, Ruaro B, Montagna P, Brizzolara R, Stratta E, Trombetta AC, Scabini S, Tavilla PP, Parodi A, Corallo C, Giordano N, Paolino S, Pizzorni C, Sulli A, Smith V, Soldano S. Effects of selexipag and its active metabolite in contrasting the profibrotic myofibroblast activity in cultured scleroderma skin fibroblasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:77. [PMID: 29720235 PMCID: PMC5932791 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myofibroblasts contribute to fibrosis through the overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, primarily type I collagen (COL-1) and fibronectin (FN), a process which is mediated in systemic sclerosis (SSc) by the activation of fibrogenic intracellular signaling transduction molecules, including extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt). Selexipag is a prostacyclin receptor agonist synthesized for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The study investigated the possibility for selexipag and its active metabolite (ACT-333679) to downregulate the profibrotic activity in primary cultures of SSc fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and the fibrogenic signaling molecules involved. Methods Fibroblasts from skin biopsies obtained with Ethics Committee (EC) approval from patients with SSc, after giving signed informed consent, were cultured until the 3rd culture passage and then either maintained in normal growth medium (untreated cells) or independently treated with different concentrations of selexipag (from 30 μM to 0.3 μM) or ACT-333679 (from 10 μM to 0.1 μM) for 48 h. Protein and gene expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibroblast specific protein-1 (S100A4), COL-1, and FN were investigated by western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Erk1/2 and Akt phosphorylation was investigated in untreated and ACT-333679-treated cells by western botting. Results Selexipag and ACT-333679 significantly reduced protein synthesis and gene expression of α-SMA, S100A4, and COL-1 in cultured SSc fibroblasts/myofibroblasts compared to untreated cells, whereas FN was significantly downregulated at the protein level. Interestingly, ACT-333679 significantly reduced the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt in cultured SSc fibroblasts/myofibroblasts. Conclusions Selexipag and mainly its active metabolite ACT-333679 were found for the first time to potentially interfere with the profibrotic activity of cultured SSc fibroblasts/myofibroblasts at least in vitro, possibly through the downregulation of fibrogenic Erk1/2 and Akt signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Barbara Ruaro
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Montagna
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Renata Brizzolara
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Stratta
- Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Amelia Chiara Trombetta
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Scabini
- Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Tavilla
- Department of Health Science, Unit of Dermatology, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Department of Health Science, Unit of Dermatology, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Corallo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Scleroderma Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Scleroderma Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sabrina Paolino
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carmen Pizzorni
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Sulli
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefano Soldano
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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16
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Moon M, Huh E, Lee W, Song EJ, Hwang DS, Lee TH, Oh MS. Coptidis Rhizoma Prevents Heat Stress-Induced Brain Damage and Cognitive Impairment in Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101057. [PMID: 28946610 PMCID: PMC5691674 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress conditions lead to neuroinflammation, neuronal death, and memory loss in animals. Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) exhibits potent fever-reducing effects and has been used as an important traditional medicinal herb for treating fever. However, to date, the effects of antipyretic CR on heat-induced brain damages have not been investigated. In this study, CR significantly reduced the elevation of ear and rectal temperatures after exposure to heat in mice. Additionally, CR attenuated hyperthermia-induced stress responses, such as release of cortisol into the blood, and upregulation of heat shock protein and c-Fos in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of mice. The administration of CR inhibited gliosis and neuronal loss induced by thermal stress in the hippocampal CA3 region. Treatment with CR also reduced the heat stress-induced expression of nuclear factor kappa β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the hippocampus. Moreover, CR significantly decreased proinflammatory mediators such as IL-9 and IL-13 in the heat-stressed hypothalamus. Furthermore, CR attenuated cognitive dysfunction triggered by thermal stress. These results indicate that CR protects the brain against heat stress-mediated brain damage via amelioration of hyperthermia and neuroinflammation in mice, suggesting that fever-reducing CR can attenuate thermal stress-induced neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea.
| | - Eugene Huh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Wonil Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Eun Ji Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea.
| | - Deok-Sang Hwang
- Department of Korean Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- Department of Formulae Pharmacology, School of Oriental Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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17
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Iwasa K, Yamamoto S, Yagishita S, Maruyama K, Yoshikawa K. Excitotoxicity-induced prostaglandin D 2 production induces sustained microglial activation and delayed neuronal death. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:649-655. [PMID: 28174214 PMCID: PMC5392741 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m070532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is the pivotal mechanism of neuronal death. Prostaglandins (PGs) produced during excitotoxicity play important roles in neurodegenerative conditions. Previously, we demonstrated that initial burst productions of PGD2, PGE2, and PGF2α are produced by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the hippocampus following a single systemic kainic acid (KA) administration. In addition, we showed that blocking of all PG productions ameliorated hippocampal delayed neuronal death at 30 days after KA administration. To investigate the role of individual PGs in the delayed neuronal death, we performed intracerebroventricular injection of PGD2, PGE2, or PGF2α in rats whose hippocampal PG productions were entirely blocked by pretreatment of NS398, a COX-2 selective inhibitor. Administration of PGD2 and PGF2α had a latent contribution to the delayed neuronal death, sustained over 30 days after a single KA treatment. Furthermore, PGD2 enhanced microglial activation, which may be involved in the delayed neuronal death in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that excitotoxic delayed neuronal death is mediated through microglia activated by PGD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Iwasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sosuke Yagishita
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kei Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan.
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Prostaglandin E2-mediated attenuation of mesocortical dopaminergic pathway is critical for susceptibility to repeated social defeat stress in mice. J Neurosci 2012; 32:4319-29. [PMID: 22442093 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5952-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Various kinds of stress are thought to precipitate psychiatric disorders, such as major depression. Whereas studies in rodents have suggested a critical role of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in stress susceptibility, the mechanism of how stress susceptibility is determined through mPFC remains unknown. Here we show a critical role of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), a bioactive lipid derived from arachidonic acid, in repeated social defeat stress in mice. Repeated social defeat increased the PGE(2) level in the subcortical region of the brain, and mice lacking either COX-1, a prostaglandin synthase, or EP1, a PGE receptor, were impaired in induction of social avoidance by repeated social defeat. Given the reported action of EP1 that augments GABAergic inputs to midbrain dopamine neurons, we analyzed dopaminergic response upon social defeat. Analyses of c-Fos expression of VTA dopamine neurons and dopamine turnover in mPFC showed that mesocortical dopaminergic pathway is activated upon social defeat and attenuated with repetition of social defeat in wild-type mice. EP1 deficiency abolished such repeated stress-induced attenuation of mesocortical dopaminergic pathway. Blockade of dopamine D1-like receptor during social defeat restored social avoidance in EP1-deficient mice, suggesting that disinhibited dopaminergic response during social defeat blocks induction of social avoidance. Furthermore, mPFC dopaminergic lesion by local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, which mimicked the action of EP1 during repeated stress, facilitated induction of social avoidance upon social defeat. Taken together, our data suggest that PGE(2)-EP1 signaling is critical for susceptibility to repeated social defeat stress in mice through attenuation of mesocortical dopaminergic pathway.
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Dual roles of PGE2-EP4 signaling in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:12233-8. [PMID: 20566843 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0915112107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although prostaglandin (PG) concentrations are increased in cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients, the role of PGs in MS is unknown. We examined this issue by subjecting mice deficient in each PG receptor type or subtype to EAE induction and using agonists or antagonists selective for each of the four PGE receptor (EP) subtypes. Among PG receptor-deficient mice, only EP4(-/-) mice manifested significant suppression of EAE, which was mimicked in wild-type mice and to a greater extent, in EP2(-/-) mice by administration of the EP4 antagonist ONO-AE3-208 during the immunization phase. EP4 antagonism during immunization also suppressed the generation of antigen-specific T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells in wild-type mice and to a greater extent, in EP2(-/-) mice. ONO-AE3-208 administration at EAE onset had little effect on disease severity, and its administration throughout the experimental period did not cause significant reduction of the peak of disease, suggesting that, in addition to its facilitative action during the immunization phase, EP4 exerts a preventive action in the elicitation phase. Administration of the EP4 agonist ONO-AE1-329 at EAE onset delayed and suppressed disease progression as well as inhibited the associated increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Thus, PGE(2) exerts dual functions in EAE, facilitating Th1 and Th17 cell generation redundantly through EP4 and EP2 during immunization and attenuating invasion of these cells into the brain by protecting the blood-brain barrier through EP4.
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20
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Oga T, Matsuoka T, Yao C, Nonomura K, Kitaoka S, Sakata D, Kita Y, Tanizawa K, Taguchi Y, Chin K, Mishima M, Shimizu T, Narumiya S. Prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor signaling facilitates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis independently of transforming growth factor-beta. Nat Med 2009; 15:1426-30. [PMID: 19966781 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/31/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease characterized by fibroblast proliferation and excess deposition of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which lead to distorted lung architecture and function. Given that anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive therapy currently used for IPF does not improve disease progression therapies targeted to blocking the mechanisms of fibrogenesis are needed. Although transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) functions are crucial in fibrosis, antagonizing this pathway in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, an animal model of IPF, does not prevent fibrosis completely, indicating an additional pathway also has a key role in fibrogenesis. Given that the loss of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) suppresses bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we examined the roles of prostaglandins using mice lacking each prostoaglandin receptor. Here we show that loss of prostaglandin F (PGF) receptor (FP) selectively attenuates pulmonary fibrosis while maintaining similar levels of alveolar inflammation and TGF-beta stimulation as compared to wild-type (WT) mice, and that FP deficiency and inhibition of TGF-beta signaling additively decrease fibrosis. Furthermore, PGF(2alpha) is abundant in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of subjects with IPF and stimulates proliferation and collagen production of lung fibroblasts via FP, independently of TGF-beta. These findings show that PGF(2alpha)-FP signaling facilitates pulmonary fibrosis independently of TGF-beta and suggests this signaling pathway as a therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Oga
- [Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Narumiya S. Prostanoids and inflammation: a new concept arising from receptor knockout mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2009; 87:1015-22. [PMID: 19609495 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-009-0500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostanoids including various types of prostaglandins and thromboxanes are arachidonate metabolites produced and released in response to a variety of physiological and pathological stimuli and function to maintain the body homeostasis. Since cyclooxygenase, the enzyme initiating their biosynthesis, is inhibited by aspirin-like antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic drugs, contribution of prostanoids to acute inflammation such as fever generation, pain sensitization, and inflammatory swelling has been recognized very early. On the other hand, since aspirin-like drugs generally show little effects on allergy and immunity, it has been believed that prostanoids play little roles in these processes. Prostanoids act on a family of G-protein-coupled receptors designated PGD receptor, PGE receptor subtypes EP1-EP4, PGF receptor, PGI receptor, and TX receptor to elicit their actions. Studies using mice deficient in each of these receptors have revealed that prostanoids indeed function in the above aspirin-sensitive processes. However, these studies have also revealed that prostanoids exert both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory actions not only by acting as mediators of acute inflammation but also by regulating gene expression in mesenchymal and epithelial cells at inflammatory site. Such dual actions of prostanoids are frequently seen in immune and allergic reactions, where different type of prostanoids and their receptors often exert opposite actions in a single process. Thus, a new concept on the role of prostanoids in inflammation has arisen from studies using the receptor knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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22
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Prostaglandin E2-EP4 signaling promotes immune inflammation through Th1 cell differentiation and Th17 cell expansion. Nat Med 2009; 15:633-40. [PMID: 19465928 DOI: 10.1038/nm.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two distinct helper T (TH) subsets, TH1 and TH17, mediate tissue damage and inflammation in animal models of various immune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases and allergic skin disorders. These experimental findings, and the implication of these TH subsets in human diseases, suggest the need for pharmacological measures to manipulate these TH subsets. Here we show that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) acting on its receptor EP4 on T cells and dendritic cells not only facilitates TH1 cell differentiation but also amplifies interleukin-23-mediated TH17 cell expansion in vitro. Administration of an EP4-selective antagonist in vivo decreases accumulation of both TH1 and TH17 cells in regional lymph nodes and suppresses the disease progression in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis or contact hypersensitivity. Thus, PGE2-EP4 signaling promotes immune inflammation through TH1 differentiation and TH17 expansion, and EP4 antagonism may be therapeutically useful for various immune diseases.
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