1
|
Gurney H, Clay TD, Oliveira N, Wong S, Tran B, Harris C. Systemic treatment of advanced and metastatic urothelial cancer: The landscape in Australia. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2023; 19:585-595. [PMID: 37727139 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The 5-year survival rate of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) is estimated to be as low as 5%. Currently, systemic platinum-based chemotherapy followed by avelumab maintenance therapy is the only first-line treatment for mUC that has an overall survival benefit. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy (usually in combination with gemcitabine) is the preferred treatment but carboplatin is substituted where contraindications to cisplatin exist. Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and kinase inhibitors has not yet demonstrated superiority to chemotherapy as first-line therapy and remains investigational in this setting. A recent media release indicates that chemotherapy plus nivolumab gives an OS advantage as first-line treatment but results of this study have not yet been made public. Pembrolizumab remains an option in those having primary progression on first-line chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The antibody-drug conjugate, enfortumab vedotin has TGA approval for patients whose cancer has progressed following chemotherapy and immunotherapy and has just received a positive Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme recommendation. The use of molecular screens for somatic genetic mutations, gene amplifications, and protein expression is expanding as drugs that target such abnormalities show promise. However, despite these advances, a substantial proportion of patients with mUC have significant barriers to receiving any treatment, including advancing age, frailty, and comorbidities, and less toxic, effective therapies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Howard Gurney
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy D Clay
- St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Subiaco, Washington, Australia
- Icon Cancer Care, Midland, Washington, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Washington, Australia
| | - Niara Oliveira
- Mater Hospital Brisbane, Mater Misericordiae Ltd., South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shirley Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Tran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carole Harris
- Department of Medical Oncology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He W, Chen C, Lin T, Xu Q, Ye C, Du J, Huang J. Epidemiology, treatments, and related biomarkers of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in Chinese population: A scoping review. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15384-15403. [PMID: 37387501 PMCID: PMC10417093 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bladder cancer is the 13th most common cancer in China with the predominant histologic type being urothelial carcinoma (UC). Locally advanced and metastatic (la/m) UC accounts for 12% of UC and the five-year survival rate is only 39.4%, imposing a significant disease and economic burden on the patients. The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize existing evidence of epidemiology, the landscape of treatment options and associated efficacy and safety profiles, as well as treatment-related biomarkers among Chinese la/mUC patients. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and CNKI) from January 2011 to March 2022 based on the scoping review criteria in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews. RESULTS A total of 6211 records were identified, and further review resulted in 41 relevant studies that met all criteria. Additional searches were conducted on epidemiology and treatment-related biomarkers of bladder cancer to supplement the evidence. Among 41 studies, 24 reported on platinum-based chemotherapy, eight on non-platinum-based chemotherapy, six on immunotherapy, two on targeted therapy, and one on surgery. Efficacy outcomes were summarized by line of therapy. Treatment-related biomarkers including PD-L1, HER2, and FGFR3 alterations were identified, and the alteration rate of FGFR3 of Chinese UC patients was lower than that of the western patients. CONCLUSIONS Despite chemotherapy has been the main treatment choice for decades, appealing new therapeutic strategies including ICIs, targeted therapies and ADCs were applied in clinical practice. Further research on epidemiology and treatment-related biomarkers of la/mUC patients is needed given only a limited number of studies have been identified thus far. High genomic heterogeneity and complexity of molecular features were observed among la/mUC patients; thus, further studies are required to identify critical drivers and promote potential precise therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang He
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Changhao Chen
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Qian Xu
- Xi'an Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Chong Ye
- Xi'an Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Jieyi Du
- Xi'an Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kawaguchi S, Izumi K, Naito R, Kadomoto S, Iwamoto H, Yaegashi H, Iijima M, Nohara T, Shigehara K, Kadono Y, Mizokami A. Clinical Outcomes of Three or More Courses of First-line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2021; 1:459-464. [PMID: 35403167 PMCID: PMC8962869 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The current standard of care for first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) is platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been reported to be effective for UC. Knowing whether immunotherapy or chemotherapy is suitable as first-line treatment is beneficial for patients. A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical outcomes of Japanese patients who received three or more courses of first-line chemotherapy for metastatic UC to assess the outcome of conventional treatments in real clinical situation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who received first-line chemotherapy between August 2009 and December 2019 were included. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed. RESULTS The median PFS and OS were 7.1 and 27.1 months, respectively, for patients with no disease progression at the end of three courses. Of 28 patients, 25 (89.3%) received second-line drug therapy and 10 (35.7%) received focal therapy for disease control. Patients with focal therapy had significantly longer OS than those without focal therapy (p=0.019, log-rank test). CONCLUSION OS of metastatic UC at our Institution is relatively long, suggesting that aggressive second-line drug therapy and focal therapy may have contributed to such result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kawaguchi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Izumi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Renato Naito
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Suguru Kadomoto
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwamoto
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yaegashi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Iijima
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nohara
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Shigehara
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kadono
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim H, Lee SH, Kim DH, Lee JY, Hong SH, Ha US, Kim IH. Gemcitabine maintenance versus observation after first-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a retrospective study. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:2113-2121. [PMID: 33209674 PMCID: PMC7658126 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gemcitabine with platinum is one of the most important first-line treatments for metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). However, continuation of platinum agents results in cumulative toxicities, such as nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity, which lead to discontinuation of chemotherapy after 4–6 cycles despite a favorable response in the patients. The strategy of maintenance treatment can give clinical benefit to patients, but there is no consensus about maintenance treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical impact of the gemcitabine maintenance (GEM-m) in mUC patients who achieve disease control from first-line gemcitabine with platinum agents. Methods A total of 117 patients who showed response to 4–6 cycles of gemcitabine plus cisplatin or carboplatin as the first-line palliative chemotherapy were reviewed between 2014 to 2018. Patients who were treated with GEM-m received a 1,000 mg/m2 dose of gemcitabine on day 1 and 8 for 3 weeks until disease progression or development of unacceptable toxicity. The patients who are not treated with GEM-m were followed up with regular radiologic evaluation. Statistical analyses were performed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards method. Results Fifty-eight patients (49.6%) received GEM-m. The median cycle of GEM-m was 4 (range, 1–12). Six patients (10.3%) in the GEM-m group showed an objective response. A median overall survival (OS) of 11.8 months and 9.6 months was observed for the GEM-m and non-GEM-m groups, respectively [HR 0.621; 95% CI, 0.39–0.97; P=0.026]. Additionally, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.6 months and 3.3 months in the GEM-m and non-GEM-m groups, respectively [HR 0.612; 95% CI, 0.41–0.91; P=0.009]. Grade 3 or higher neutropenia occurred in 17.2% of patients in the GEM-m and 1.7% in the non-GEM-m group. Conclusions Our results suggest that GEM-m can be considered in patients who respond to gemcitabine with platinum. Large-scale prospective study should be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology Cancer Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Genitourinary Cancer Centre, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology Cancer Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Genitourinary Cancer Centre, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - U-Syn Ha
- Department of Urology Cancer Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Genitourinary Cancer Centre, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Genitourinary Cancer Centre, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|