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Shoji T, Kogure K, Toda N, Hakoshima M, Katsuyama H, Yanai H, Tokunaga S, Tateoka K, Tsuji T, Okura T. Association between comorbidities associated with diabetes and higher-level functional status in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study. Eur Geriatr Med 2024:10.1007/s41999-024-00937-8. [PMID: 38340284 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-024-00937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between comorbidities associated with diabetes and higher-level functional status as well as the relationship between comorbidities associated with diabetes and higher-level functional status in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have better social networks. METHODS Participants were outpatients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥ 65 years, excluding individuals with severe cardiovascular or respiratory illness, hyperglycaemic crisis, type 1 diabetes, or diabetic foot. The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) was used to evaluate the higher-level functional status. A TMIG-IC score of ≤ 9, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) ≤ 4, intellectual activity or social role ≤ 3 were defined as decline in higher-level functional status. The comorbidities investigated included peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, cognitive impairment, depression, frailty, sarcopenia, low muscle strength, stroke, heart disease, and arthritis. RESULTS The analysis included 198 patients (mean age 75.9 ± 5.7 years, male 60.1%). After adjusting for potential confounders, depression was associated with TMIG-IC (Prevalence ratio (PR) 2.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44-3.82), low muscle strength was associated with IADL (PR 2.85, 95% CI 1.30-6.27), and frailty was associated with intellectual activity (PR 1.38, 95% CI 1.10-1.74). In the model with social networks added as a confounder, the relationship between depression or low muscle strength and higher-level functional status was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Comorbidities of depression and low muscle strength for older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus increase the risk of malfunctioning of higher-level functional status. Increased interactions with family, friends and neighbours may reduce this event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Shoji
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Kohnodai 1-7-1, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan.
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Doctoral Program in Public Health, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Kenta Kogure
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Kohnodai 1-7-1, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan
| | - Nagisa Toda
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Kohnodai 1-7-1, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan
| | - Mariko Hakoshima
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Katsuyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tokunaga
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Doctoral Program in Public Health, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Korin Tateoka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Doctoral Program in Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tuskuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okura
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Oliveira MR, Hoffman M, Jones AW, Holland AE, Borghi-Silva A. Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Exercise Capacity, Dyspnea, Fatigue, and Peripheral Muscle Strength in Patients With Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024:S0003-9993(24)00049-2. [PMID: 38311096 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients with persistent symptoms after COVID-19 infection. In addition, to compare the modalities of PR services (face-to-face and telerehabilitation) and the duration of PR in weeks (4-8 weeks and >8 weeks). DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase (Elsevier), Central/Cochrane Library, SciELO Citation Index (Web of Science), and CINAHL. STUDY SELECTION Studies determining the effects of PR in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome were included and grouped according to PR delivery modality. DATA EXTRACTION Data extraction and quality assessment were independently performed by 2 reviewers. The methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 1 (RoB-1). DATA SYNTHESIS The literature search retrieved 1406 articles, of which 7 studies explored the effects of PR on patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome, with 188 patients randomized to PR. The mean age of participants was 50 years and 49% were women. Meta-analysis showed an increase in exercise capacity with PR compared with control (6-minute walking test: mean difference: 60.56 m, 95% confidence interval: 40.75-80.36), a reduction in fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale: -0.90, -1.49 to -0.31) but no change in dyspnea (-0.57, -1.32 to 0.17) and muscle strength (3.03, -1.89 to 7.96). There were no differences between telerehabilitation and face-to-face PR regarding effects on peripheral muscle strength (P=.42), dyspnea (P=.83), and fatigue (P=.34). There were no differences between programs 4-8 weeks and >8 weeks regarding exercise capacity (P=.83), peripheral muscle strength (P=.42), and dyspnea (P=.76). CONCLUSIONS PR improves exercise capacity and reduces fatigue in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. Duration of PR (4-8 weeks vs > 8 weeks) or PR modality (telerehabilitation vs face-to-face) did not affect outcomes but data were limited and based on subgroup analysis. Further evidence is required to determine the optimal delivery mode and duration of PR for post-COVID-19 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Rezende Oliveira
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil; Respiratory Research@Alfred, Monash University, São Carlos (SP), Brazil.
| | - Mariana Hoffman
- Respiratory Research@Alfred, Monash University, São Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - Arwel W Jones
- Respiratory Research@Alfred, Monash University, São Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - Anne E Holland
- Respiratory Research@Alfred, Monash University, São Carlos (SP), Brazil; Physiotherapy Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL
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Kawai H, Ejiri M, Imamura K, Ito K, Fujiwara Y, Ihara K, Hirano H, Obuchi S. Impact of combinations of subscale declines in higher-level functional capacity on 8-year all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older Japanese adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 114:105096. [PMID: 37311368 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of combined declines in domains of multi-faceted frailty and their impact on adverse health outcomes have not been adequately investigated. We aimed to examine the association between combined subscale declines in higher-level functional capacity and 8-year all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older Japanese individuals and the impact of multi-faceted frailty on mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS We administered a questionnaire to 7015 community-dwelling older adults aged 65-85 years. The higher-level functional capacity of the 3381 respondents was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence. Subscale decline was defined as (1) none, (2) only social role (SR), (3) only intellectual activity (IA), (4) SR and IA, (5) only instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), (6) IADL and SR, (7) IADL and IA, and (8) all. Associations between combined subscale declines and mortality were examined using adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Follow-up was conducted from October 1, 2012, to death or November 1, 2020. RESULTS The mortality rate was 16.7/1000 person-years. Moreover, 44% of respondents had declined SR, and half of them had multiple declines. Compared with no decline, SR (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-1.93), SR and IA (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.16-2.17), IADL and SR (HR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.31-2.99), and all-domain (HR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.98-3.74) declines were significantly associated with higher mortality risks. CONCLUSIONS Overlapping SR and IADL declines increased mortality risk, suggesting the importance of measuring social frailty and overlapping physical and social frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kawai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Manami Ejiri
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Keigo Imamura
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ito
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
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Nonaka K, Murayama H, Murayama Y, Murayama S, Kuraoka M, Nemoto Y, Kobayashi E, Fujiwara Y. The Impact of Generativity on Maintaining Higher-Level Functional Capacity of Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6015. [PMID: 37297619 PMCID: PMC10252339 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Generativity is defined as an individual's concern for and actions dedicated toward the well-being of others, especially youth and subsequent generations. It is a key stage of psychological development from midlife to older age and can be a guiding concept for promoting engagement of older adults in productive and contributive activities, which benefit their well-being. This study examined the longitudinal association between generativity and higher-level functional capacity (HLFC) decline in older Japanese adults. The two-year longitudinal data of 879 older adults aged 65-84 years were analyzed. Participants' HLFC and generativity were assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence and the Revised Japanese version of the Generativity Scale, respectively. The binary logistic regression analysis results showed that a higher generativity score was negatively associated with HLFC decline, indicating that generativity effectively prevents HLFC decline over 2 years. On adding the interaction term between generativity and sex to examine whether the protective effect of generativity differed by sex, we found that generativity was especially effective in protecting the HLFC decline in men with higher generativity. The study results highlight the importance of promoting engagement of older adults in generative activities to maintain their HLFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Nonaka
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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Shimoda M, Yoshiyama T, Tanaka Y, Morimoto K, Okumura M, Kodama T, Nakajima K, Yoshimori K, Ohta K. Relationship between the thickness of erector spinae muscles and mortality in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Respir Investig 2023; 61:511-519. [PMID: 37267852 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle mass is a known predictor of mortality in older patients. However, its relationship with tuberculosis is unclear. Skeletal muscle mass is determined by the cross-sectional area of erector spinae muscle (ESMCSA). Additionally, the erector spinae muscle thickness (ESMT) is an easier measurement than ESMCSA. This study investigated the relationship of ESMT and ESMCSA with mortality in tuberculosis patients. METHODS We retrospectively collected the data of 267 older patients (age ≥65 years) who were hospitalized due to tuberculosis at the Fukujuji Hospital from January 2019 to July 2021. This included 40 patients with 60-day mortality (the death group) and 227 patients with 60-day survival (the alive group). Here, we assessed the correlations between ESMCSA and ESMT, and the data were compared between the two groups. RESULTS ESMT had a strong proportional relationship with ESMCSA (r = 0.991, p < 0.001). ESMCSA (median 670.2 mm2 [interquartile range (IQR): 585.1-760.9] vs. 914.3 mm2 [717.6-1141.6], p < 0.001) and ESMT (median 16.7 mm [15.4-18.6] vs. 21.1 mm [18.0-25.5], p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the patients in the death group than those of patients in the alive group. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model for 60-day mortality showed significantly independent differences in ESMT (hazard ratio [HR] 0.870 [95% confidence interval (Cl): 0.795-0.952], p = 0.003) and ESMCSA (HR 0.998 [95% Cl: 0.996-0.999], p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated a strong correlation between ESMCSA and ESMT, which were risk factors for mortality in patients with tuberculosis. Therefore, using ESMT is easier to predict mortality than ESMCSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Shimoda
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yoshiyama
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozo Morimoto
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Okumura
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kodama
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Nakajima
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozo Yoshimori
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Ohta
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan
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The impact of temperature on the transmissibility potential and virulence of COVID-19 in Tokyo, Japan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24477. [PMID: 34966171 PMCID: PMC8716537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the impact of temperature on COVID-19 epidemiology is critical for implementing non-pharmaceutical interventions. However, few studies have accounted for the nature of contagious diseases, i.e., their dependent happenings. We aimed to quantify the impact of temperature on the transmissibility and virulence of COVID-19 in Tokyo, Japan, employing two epidemiological measurements of transmissibility and severity: the effective reproduction number (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R_{t}$$\end{document}Rt) and case fatality risk (CFR). We estimated the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R_{t}$$\end{document}Rt and time-delay adjusted CFR and to subsequently assess the nonlinear and delayed effect of temperature on \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R_{t}$$\end{document}Rt and time-delay adjusted CFR. For \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R_{t}$$\end{document}Rt at low temperatures, the cumulative relative risk (RR) at the first temperature percentile (3.3 °C) was 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–1.7). As for the virulence to humans, moderate cold temperatures were associated with higher CFR, and CFR also increased as the temperature rose. The cumulative RR at the 10th and 99th percentiles of temperature (5.8 °C and 30.8 °C) for CFR were 3.5 (95% CI: 1.3–10.0) and 6.4 (95% CI: 4.1–10.1). Our results suggest the importance to take precautions to avoid infection in both cold and warm seasons to avoid severe cases of COVID-19. The results and our proposed approach will also help in assessing the possible seasonal course of COVID-19 in the future.
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