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Shi J, Jiang C, Zhao Q. The benefits of physical exercise on older adults' cognitive function: A cohort study exploring potential mechanisms. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 74:102685. [PMID: 38844016 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite existing studies showing that physical exercise improves cognitive function in older adults either concurrently or in a delayed manner, studies examining these associations simultaneously are rare. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms in these associations remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE This study explores the concurrent and delayed (two years later) associations between physical exercise and older adults' cognitive function. This study also investigates the mediating roles of three negative physical, psychological, and social resources: limitations in daily abilities, depressive mood, and isolation from friends, as well as the moderating roles of cognitive reserve on these associations. DESIGN A cohort sample of 6646 Chinese older adults (Mean age = 69.28, SD = 7.03) is obtained from the 2016 and 2018 waves of the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey. Regression analysis was employed to test the concurrent and delayed associations between physical exercise and cognitive function. The bootstrap method was utilized to examine the mediating roles of limitations in daily activities, depression mood, and isolation from friends. Interaction terms were generated to investigate the moderating roles of cognitive reserve. RESULTS Physical exercise presents concurrent and delayed positive associations with cognitive function. Limitations in daily activities, depressive mood and isolation from friends mediate the above associations. Moreover, cognitive reserve plays a significant role in buffering the concurrent and delayed negative links between depressive mood, isolation from friends, and cognitive function, with larger negative relationships observed for older adults with lower rather than higher levels of cognitive reserve. CONCLUSIONS This study validates the concurrent and delayed benefits of physical exercise on older adults' cognitive function while elucidating the underlying mechanisms. These findings offer practical implications for health policies and intervention programs aimed at enhancing older adults' cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Shi
- Department of Social Security, School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoxin Jiang
- School of Social Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
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Burns SD, Crimmins EM, Zhang M, Ailshire JA. Psychosocial Well-Being Differences Between the Young Old, Old-Old, and Oldest Old: A Global Comparison. J Aging Health 2024:8982643241264587. [PMID: 39031083 DOI: 10.1177/08982643241264587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigate global differences in psychosocial well-being between older adult age groups. METHODS Using multinomial logistic regression, we analyzed 2018 data (n = 93,663) from 9 countries/regions in the Health and Retirement Study international family of studies to compare age group differences in depression, loneliness, and happiness. RESULTS Compared to the young old, the old-old reported more depression in Southern Europe, while the oldest old had higher risk in India and Southern Europe but lower risk in the United States. The old-old reported less loneliness in the United States but more in Southern Europe, while the oldest old had greater risk in Southern Europe. The old-old reported less happiness in Korea, while the oldest old had lower reports in Korea but higher reports in the United States. DISCUSSION The psychosocial well-being of the oldest old is exceptionally good in the United States but exceptionally poor in Southern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane D Burns
- Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eileen M Crimmins
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mutian Zhang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Ailshire
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Qin Y, Liu J, Wang R, Qi X, Jiang S, Li J, Guo P, Wu Q. Can leisure and entertainment lifestyle promote health among older people living alone in China?-A simultaneous equation approach. Front Public Health 2022; 10:967170. [PMID: 36249231 PMCID: PMC9558104 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.967170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives With the surging number of older people living alone, their lifestyles and health status have aroused increasing concern. This study aims to investigate whether a leisure and entertainment lifestyle (LEL) can improve the multidimensional health among older people living alone and try to identify the latent mechanisms among them. Method For this purpose, we extracted data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) and established a simultaneous equations model, comprising ordinary least square regression (OLS), two-stage least squares (2SLS), and the mediating effect model. Results Older people living alone in China reported relatively better mental health status (3.64 ± 1.07), followed by physical health (3.41 ± 1.26) and social health (2.75 ± 1.18). In the OLS model, LEL significantly improved the social health of older people living alone (β = 0.054, P < 0.01), followed by physical health (β = 0.042, P < 0.01) and mental health (β = 0.027, P < 0.01). After endogenous tests from 2SLS model and robustness tests, we found that more active LEL was associated with higher levels of physical health and mental health. However, LEL had no significant effect on the improvement of the social health of the older people living alone. Using the mediation analysis, exercise efficacy partially mediated the relationship of LEL with physical health and mental health, and the ratios were 19.75 and 24.85%, respectively. Similarly, positive life attitudes partially mediated the relationship between LEL and physical health, and LEL and mental health, with ratios of 10.65 and 26.83%, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggested that LEL is significantly associated with better physical and mental health for older people living alone in China, and the association is mediated by exercise efficacy and positive attitudes toward life. Promoting more leisure and recreational activities, upgrading exercise efficacy, and encouraging positive life attitudes are necessary health promotion measures in active aging policies for the wellbeing of older people living alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Qin
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Health Economy and Social Security, College of Humanities and Management, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rizhen Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinye Qi
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shengchao Jiang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Qunhong Wu
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K B, M L, Anatharaman V. Social network and its effect on selected dimension of health and quality of life among community dwelling urban and rural geriatric population in India. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Hsu CC, Sandford B, Ling CJ, Lin CT. Can the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Help Explain Subjective Well-Being in Senior Citizens due to Gateball Participation? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179015. [PMID: 34501604 PMCID: PMC8431378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Promoting successful aging strategies through well-reasoned caregiving programs is, and should be, one of the main objectives of many government policies and their implementing agencies. Well-being has been considered an important indicator of successful aging. Leisure is a key life domain and a core ingredient for overall well-being. Yet, within well-being research, few studies have made the connection between leisure participation as accepted behavior and subjective well-being in senior citizens. This study proposed to examine the applicability of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) in explaining senior citizens' decision-making processes in terms of leisure participation behavior and the effect of such behavioral engagement on subjective well-being. The respondents were senior citizens in Taiwan who played gateball and were aged 60 years or older. A total of 595 usable responses were obtained and used to answer the research question. The empirical results indicate that performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions are positively and significantly related to senior citizens' gateball participation behavior. In addition, gateball participation behavior had a positive and significant effect on respondents' subjective well-being. The results of this study not only extend the application of UTAUT in terms of participation behavior in leisure activities, but also can provide gateball associations and government entities a theoretical model for developing and promoting gateball programs which serve or involve the elderly, as well as helping older adults to pursue satisfactory levels of wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chien Hsu
- Department of Tourism, Shih Hsin University, Taipei City 116, Taiwan;
| | - Brian Sandford
- School of Construction, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA;
| | - Chia-Ju Ling
- Ph.D. Program in Management, Dayeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Torng Lin
- Department of Information Management, Dayeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-851-1888 (ext. 3133)
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Archuleta AJ, Prost SG, Golder S. The light and dark sides of social capital: Depressive symptoms among incarcerated older adults. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2020; 66:23-33. [PMID: 31538836 DOI: 10.1177/0020764019876670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults aged 55 or above represent a large and growing proportion of the US and international correctional populations and more physical and mental health problems than their non-incarcerated peers. Social capital represents the collective cognitive and network structure resources accessible through social relationships and may serve as a potential asset in carceral settings in the amelioration of depressive symptoms among older adults. METHOD A sample of men drawn from a study of older adults in Kentucky prisons (n = 91) was used to meet the following aims: (1) explore relationships among cognitive and structural facets of social capital, chronic health conditions and depressive symptoms and (2) identify the role of social capital (viz. trust) alongside chronic health conditions as a determinant of depressive symptoms. We hypothesized that each indicator of social capital would relate negatively to depressive symptoms and that trust would emerge as most strongly associated with depressive symptoms. RESULTS Bivariate correlations between depression and social capital variables related as we hypothesized. However, our hypotheses were only partially supported. Higher trust was correlated to fewer depressive symptoms (r = .21, p < .05) revealing a lighter side of trust in the correctional milieu but was unrelated to depression when controlling for variables. An interaction term in the final model indicated a different role for trust. Factors accounted for 64% of variance in depressive symptoms among older adults in a state prison (F(10, 80) = 14.25, p < .001). In this model, higher trust was related to depressive symptoms when included alongside additional measures of social capital, indicating that a darker side of this facet may exist within correctional settings. CONCLUSION Many indicators of social capital (e.g., network size) demonstrated potentially protective benefits against depression, while trust revealed a more complex role related to chronic health conditions. Limited measures and the agnostic behavior of trust require attention by future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Archuleta
- Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Seana Golder
- Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Nye JV, Bryukhanov M, Polyachenko S. 2D:4D and individual satisfaction: Evidence from the Russian social survey. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wyse J. Older Men's Social Integration After Prison. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:2153-2173. [PMID: 29770744 PMCID: PMC5962031 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x16683210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the social integration processes older men experience following prison release. Semi-structured in-depth interviews and brief surveys were conducted with 20 men, 50 years of age and older, recently released from prison in a large, Eastern U.S. city. A follow-up interview was conducted with each participant. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze these data. Results show that while men are able to connect with and rely upon some family members and establish basic public benefits, older men's release experience is nonetheless marked by pervasive disconnection from key desired social relationships and roles. Policies and programs designed to facilitate older men's social integration are discussed.
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Adams KB. Changing Investment in Activities and Interests in Elders' Lives: Theory and Measurement. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2016; 58:87-108. [PMID: 15259878 DOI: 10.2190/0uq0-7d8x-xvvu-tf7x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Socioemotional selectivity and gerotranscendence, newer theories with roots in the disengagement theory of aging, provided the theoretical framework for a new measure of perceived change in investment in a variety of pursuits. The 30-item Change in Activity and Interest Index (CAII) was given to a sample of 327 outpatients aged 65–94. Items with at least 30% decreased investment responses included Entertaining in my home, Concern with others' opinions, Shopping and buying things, and Attending social events with new people. Principal Components Analysis of the index with dichotomous recoding ( less vs. more or same investment) resulted in four factors: Active Instrumental (AI), Social Intellectual (SI), Spiritual Concerns (SC), and Transcendence (TR). Support for socioemotional selectivity and gerotranscendence is evident in the reported increase of importance of SI pursuits, with concurrent decrease in importance of AI activities among these respondents. Zero-order correlations of component scores with study variables suggest that AI and SI are more clearly related to older age, functional impairment, and negative affect than are SC and TR. The CAII appears to tap several dimensions of change in interests; the index gives geriatric mental health practitioners and researchers a tool to measure an aspect of social development that has been neglected in gerontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Betts Adams
- Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7164, USA.
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Fugl-Meyer AR, Bränholm IB, Fugl-Meyer KS. Happiness and domain-specific life satisfaction in adult northern Swedes. Clin Rehabil 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/026921559100500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Levels of satisfaction with life as a whole (happiness) and with eight different domains were investigated using mailed questionnaires in four age cohorts (25-, 35-, 45- and 55-year-olds) of men and women. With a few exceptions (vocational and financial satisfaction) levels of global and domain-specific satisfaction were not age-dependent and few gender differences were found. The generally high levels of satisfaction correspond well to those found in the USA and in Germany. Satisfaction with expressive (emotion-related) domains was greater in women than in men, and the provider items - satisfaction with vocational and financial situation -were influenced by age. The eight domains formed three meaningful factors: the first characterized satisfaction derived from expressive goals; the second from spare-time goals; and the third factor was instrumental (performance-related), characterizing satisfaction derived from provider goals. The three factors predicted gross level of happiness (happy/not happy) for 82% of subjects with complete answers, all three factors being significant predictors.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between activity and older adult well-being by examining the reasons for older adult activity as moderators of the relationship. A sample of 249 older adults completed a questionnaire that contained demographic, health, and activity items. Participants indicated whether they engaged in each of 44 activities, how routinely they engaged in each, and the reasons for each activity. Results from hierarchical regression analyses showed that activities engaged in for social reasons positively related to wellbeing, and activities engaged in to pass the time negatively related to well-being. Total number of activities and the number of routine activities did not relate to well-being. These findings suggest that engaging in more activities does not necessarily enhance well-being, and that the reasons for engaging in activities are important for older adult well-being.
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Abstract
This article reviews the literature of life satisfaction in retirement, focusing on the retiree's personality. Personality effects are examined in a context including other determinants of life satisfaction: involuntary retirement, stress, health, finances, and activities, and issues of control and adaptivity are explored. Heuristic models specifying direct and indirect effects of personality traits on life satisfaction in retirement are proposed. The models are based on the findings reviewed and on a variety of theories, including five-factor personality theory, stress theory, and attachment theory. Directions for retirement counseling, planning, and research are suggested.
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Schorr AV, Iecovich E, Alfasi N, Shamai S. Socio-Spatial Integration of Older Adults in Four Types of Residential Environments in Israel. J Appl Gerontol 2015; 36:1243-1271. [DOI: 10.1177/0733464815614917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The socio-spatial integration of older people in different types of residential environments is a key factor affecting the well-being of older people. This study, which included a convenience sample of 565 participants, examined the socio-spatial integration of older people living in two different regional areas (central and peripheral) and four different residential environments (metropolitan hub, city, and town and rural settlements) in Israel. Willing participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Socio-spatial integration was assessed by recognition of their neighbors and sense of belonging to the residential environment. The findings show that older adults who resided in the town and in rural settlements were more socio-spatially integrated in their living environments compared with their counterparts who resided in cities. The best predictors of socio-spatial integration were a combination of personal characteristics and characteristics of the environment (perceived accessibility) except for rural settlements, where none of the variables predicted socio-spatial integration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nurit Alfasi
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Pozzi M, Marta E, Marzana D, Gozzoli C, Ruggieri RA. The Effect of the Psychological Sense of Community on the Psychological Well-Being in Older Volunteers. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v10i4.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ageing populations across Europe are increasing. Communities have an important role in not only engaging this segment of the population but also in helping them to make them feel “part of something” (local or global) in order to favour their psychological well-being. The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of volunteering and being connected in one’s community on well-being. The present paper will test an older volunteers’ psychological well-being model. 143 older volunteers completed measures of religiousness, sense of global responsibility, psychological sense of community, generativity, motivation to volunteer and a profile of mood states. Data show that a psychological sense of community has a key role in the study of older volunteerism due to its impact on well-being. Service agencies and administrations can develop campaigns to sustain older volunteerism in order to increase well-being and reduce social costs.
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García MÁ, Gómez L. Efectos de los talleres de ocio sobre el bienestar subjetivo y la soledad en las personas mayores. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1174/02134740360521769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bowen R, Balbuena L, Baetz M, Schwartz L. Maintaining sleep and physical activity alleviate mood instability. Prev Med 2013; 57:461-5. [PMID: 23827724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Building on previous work indicating that mood instability is the hallmark of neuroticism, our aim was to examine whether changes in exercise, sleep duration and leisure predicted decreases in mood instability with time. METHODS We used data from 3374 participants of the British Health and Lifestyle Study who answered the Eysenck Personality Inventory-Neuroticism subscale (EPI-N) and the General Health Questionnaire on two occasions 7 years apart. We predicted mood instability scores derived from the EPI-N at follow-up using self-reported changes in exercise, sleep duration and leisure hours between the two time points as independent variables. RESULTS We confirmed the observation that mood instability decreases with age. Maintaining one's exercise at baseline level decreased mood instability (beta=-0.21) while sleeping less increased mood instability (beta=0.14). Change in leisure time was not independently related to mood instability after accounting for the two other lifestyle factors. CONCLUSION Personality, at least with regard to mood instability, can be modified by lifestyle factors. Exercise and sleep support mood stability and could be important components of preventative mental health (as well as physical health) benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Bowen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Vitman A, Iecovich E, Alfasi N. Ageism and social integration of older adults in their neighborhoods in Israel. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2013; 54:177-89. [PMID: 23463803 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnt008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The article aims to examine the extent to which ageism is connected with the social integration of older adults in their neighborhoods and to identify factors that explain social integration. DESIGN AND METHODS A convenience sample that included 300 older adults aged 65 and older and 300 younger people under the age of 65 who resided in 3 neighborhoods in Tel-Aviv with varied socioeconomic status were interviewed. Kogan's Attitudes toward Old People scale was used to probe ageism. Social integration index included 3 dimensions: frequency of participation in activities in the neighborhood, familiarity with neighbors, and sense of neighborhood. Hierarchical regression analyses examined 3 groups of independent variables: older adults' sociodemographic characteristics, their perceived health and outdoor mobility, and neighborhoods' characteristics including level of ageism. RESULTS Neighborhoods varied by levels of ageism and social integration. Higher level of social integration of older neighborhoods' residents was explained by a combination of factors: younger age, better self-rated health, and fewer limitations of outdoor mobility, lower levels of ageism reported by a sample of younger respondents, and higher socioeconomic status of the neighborhood. IMPLICATIONS To enable better social integration, intergeneration programs should be developed to decrease ageism, and in order to make communities more age-friendly, there is need to facilitate accessibility to services and public spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Vitman
- Address correspondence to Esther Iecovich, Department of Sociology of Health and Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel. E-mail:
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Foroughi E, Misajon R, Cummins R. The Relationships Between Migration, Social Support, and Social Integration on Quality of Life. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2012. [DOI: 10.1375/bech.18.3.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPast research indicates that humans have a remarkable ability to maintain normal levels of subjective wellbeing despite adverse objective circumstances. This suggests that such wellbeing may be held under homeostatic control. This paper investigates some of the potential factors that may contribute to this homeostatic mechanism, in response to the major life event of migration. Three groups were examined: Persian immigrants to Australia (Persian-Australians), non-Persian Australians, and Persians residing in Iran. A total of 330 subjects were recruited. A notable finding was that all three groups did not differ in regard to subjective wellbeing, despite the Persian-Australians being a minority ethnic group in Australia, and the Persians having significantly lower objective life quality. The Persian-Australians who migrated at an older age reported lower subjective quality of life, while the number of years of residence in Australia did not appear to be related to the extent of social integration. Subjective life quality was, however, related to subjective social support for the Australian and Persian samples, and to reciprocality of support for the Persian-Australians.
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Carter MAT, Cook K. Adaptation to Retirement: Role Changes and Psychological Resources. CAREER DEVELOPMENT QUARTERLY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-0045.1995.tb00530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
RÉSUMÉUne étude de personnes ágeés en Israel (n = 170) a examiné la relation qui lient le niveau d'activité et certaines charactéristiques du réseau social, au bien-être subjectif des répondants, tout en controllant les charactéristiques socio-démographiques de bases, ainsi que l'ampleur de l'incapacité physique. Une analyse factorielle a dérivé trois facteurs d'activité correspondant aux activités officielles, informelles et solitaires. Une procédure de régression hiérarchique a révélé que l'incapacité physique expliquait 40 pour cent de la variance dans la mesure du bien-être. Le niveau d'activité informelle expliquait 3 pour cent supplémentaires de la variance, mais a cependant été affaibli dans le model final par l'addition d'un facteur du réseau social – le degré de soutien fourni par le réseau (R2 = .48). Les résultats laissent penser que c'est l'aspect réseau social de l'activité qui fait la différence dans le bien-être subjectif des personnes âgées, plutôt que l'effet de l'activité elle-même.
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Polack S, Eusebio C, Mathenge W, Wadud Z, Rashid M, Foster A, Kuper H. The impact of cataract surgery on activities and time-use: results from a longitudinal study in Kenya, Bangladesh and the Philippines. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10913. [PMID: 20531957 PMCID: PMC2879361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world, and blindness from cataract is particularly common in low-income countries. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of cataract surgery on daily activities and time-use in Kenya, Bangladesh and the Philippines. Methods/Principal Findings A multi-centre intervention study was conducted in three countries. Time-use data were collected through interview from cases aged ≥50 years with visually impairing cataract (VA <6/24) and age- and gender-matched controls with normal vision (VA≥6/18). Cases were offered free/subsidized cataract surgery. Approximately one year later participants were re-interviewed about time-use. At baseline across the three countries there were 651 cases and 571 controls. Fifty-five percent of cases accepted surgery. Response rate at follow up was 84% (303 out of 361) for operated cases, and 80% (459 out of 571) for controls. At baseline, cases were less likely to carry out and spent less time on productive activities (paid and non-paid work) and spent more time in “inactivity” compared to controls. Approximately one year after cataract surgery, operated cases were more likely to undertake productive activities compared to baseline (Kenya from 55% to 88%; Bangladesh 60% to 95% and Philippines 81% to 94%, p<0.001) and mean time spent on productive activities increased by one-two hours in each setting (p<0.001). Time spent in “inactivity” in Kenya and Bangladesh decreased by approximately two hours (p<0.001). Frequency of reported assistance with activities was more than halved in each setting (p<0.001). Conclusions/Significance The empirical evidence provided by this study of increased time spent on productive activities, reduced time in inactivity and reduced assistance following cataract surgery among older adults in low-income settings has positive implications for well-being and inclusion, and supports arguments of economic benefit at the household level from cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Polack
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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Polack S, Kuper H, Eusebio C, Mathenge W, Wadud Z, Foster A. The impact of cataract on time-use: results from a population based case-control study in Kenya, the Philippines and Bangladesh. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2009; 15:372-82. [PMID: 19065430 DOI: 10.1080/09286580802478716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world, and is particularly common in low-income countries. Cataract is asserted to increase poverty through reduced productivity; however there is a lack of empirical data supporting this claim. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between visual impairment from cataract with time-use in adults (aged >or= 50 years) in Kenya, Bangladesh, and The Philippines. METHODS A population-based case-control study was conducted in three countries. Detailed time-use data were collected through interview from 139, 216 and 238 cases with visually impairing cataract and 124, 280 and 163 controls with normal vision in Kenya, Bangladesh and Philippines, respectively during 2005-2006. RESULTS Cases were substantially less likely than controls to participate in productive activities, including paid work and non-market activities (odds ratio [OR] across three countries is 0.2 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1-0.3) and in leisure outside of the household (OR 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5, 0.9). Among cases, those with more severe visual impairment spent significantly less time on productive activities and leisure outside of the home, and more time on "no particular activity" (Kenya and Bangladesh) or leisure in the home (The Philippines). Cases were substantially more likely to require assistance in any activity than controls in Kenya (OR 9.8, 95% CI: 3.3, 29.8), Bangladesh (OR 8.6, 95% CI: 5.1-14.4) and the Philippines (OR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4-5.1). CONCLUSIONS Cataract visual impairment restricts engagement in productive and leisure activities in this population of older adults in three different low income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Polack
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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Staats S, Panek PE, Cosmar D. Predicting Travel Attitudes Among University Faculty After 9/11. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2006; 140:121-32. [PMID: 16770939 DOI: 10.3200/jrlp.140.2.121-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors interviewed a random sample of 306 university faculty as part of an annual university poll. Items focused on air travel concerns following 9/11, positive aspects of travel, and future travel intentions. Demographic factors were not significant predictors for men or women faculty. Faculty expressed positive attitudes toward travel, for example agreeing that travel allows them to demonstrate competency. Concerns about missing connections and delays elicited a larger percent of negative reactions than concerns about hijackings or security. Gender differences were not observed on individual items, but in regression analyses a composite of self-reported travel risk factors was more predictive of future travel plans for women than for men, although women expected to travel as much in the future as men. The results are consistent with positive psychology and speak to applied aspects of travel and tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Staats
- College of Social and Behavioral Sciences The Ohio State University at Newark, OH 43055, USA.
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A Structural Model of the Effects of Organized Leisure Activities on the Well-Being of Elder Adults in Spain. ACTIVITIES ADAPTATION & AGING 2004. [DOI: 10.1300/j016v28n03_02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
The authors surveyed retired persons (predominately women) with regard to their immediate, intermediate, and long-range activities following retirement. As predicted, leisure travel emerged as a frequent long-range goal for persons retired more than 5 years. The travel activity preferences of long-retired older women present challenges and opportunities to both researchers and marketers. Length of trips and frequency of trips have been predicted from regression models, with trip length in particular being well predicted by the problem of daily life hassles. A theoretical model of continued post-retirement travel is presented as a variant of Solomon's opponent process theory of affect (R. L. Solomon, 1980). The authors suggest that to the degree that places traveled to are varied and different, older people may remain stimulated and continue to enjoy retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Staats
- Human Research Resource Center, The Ohio State University at Newark, 43055, USA.
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Adams KB. Depressive symptoms, depletion, or developmental change? Withdrawal, apathy, and lack of vigor in the Geriatric Depression Scale. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2001; 41:768-77. [PMID: 11723345 DOI: 10.1093/geront/41.6.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Researchers have posited a depletion syndrome among older adults that resembles "depression without sadness." Disengagement-related theories such as socio-emotional selectivity and gerotranscendence also describe an adaptive narrowing of the older person's social world and decreasing investment in activities and social relationships. This study has dual goals of confirming the existence of a "Withdrawal/Apathy/[Lack of] Vigor" (WAV) dimension of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and exploring its properties for evidence that it may be descriptive of either depletion or disengagement-related change in older adults. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained through a mailed survey of members 65 and older at a health maintenance organization. Respondents returned 327 completed surveys and 163 "decline" postcards. Principal-components analysis obtained a 6-item WAV factor for further analyses. RESULTS AND IMPLICATIONS High endorsement rates for the items in WAV and its bivariate correlations with age and health problems suggest WAV may be congruent with disengagement or depletion and may lead to over-identification of depression in older adults. Interpretation of the GDS and similar measures may be improved by use of subscale scores and consideration of age and health status of the respondent.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Adams
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, USA.
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Strengthening in a Therapeutic Golf Program for Individuals Following Stroke. TOPICS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION 2000. [DOI: 10.1097/00013614-200003000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cheung CK, Llu SC. Acculturation, Social Integration and School Achievement among Low-ability Seventh Graders' School Achievement in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2000.9747843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Leisure activity and well-being among the elderly in Taiwan: Testing hypotheses in an Asian setting. J Cross Cult Gerontol 1996; 11:167-86. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00114859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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O'Connor BP. Family and friend relationships among older and younger adults: interaction motivation, mood, and quality. Int J Aging Hum Dev 1995; 40:9-29. [PMID: 7744505 DOI: 10.2190/b37n-k317-ky8q-0tnw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This research examined relationships and life satisfaction among older and younger adults. Eighty-two independently-living older adults and ninety-one younger adults completed a variety of measures of their relationships with family and friends. For both groups the quality of relationships was a stronger predictor of life satisfaction than frequency of contact. For elderly people the quality of their relationships with friends was more important to life satisfaction than the quality of their relationships with children. However, in contrast to a common assumption in the literature, relationships with friends were not perceived to be more positive or intrinsically motivated than relationships with children. It was also found that experiences of criticism and intrusion are particularly important to the family relationships of both older and younger adults. The discussion focuses on how elderly people may have overly positive perceptions of their family relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Park D, Vandenberg B. The influence of separation orientation on life satisfaction in the elderly. Int J Aging Hum Dev 1994; 39:177-87. [PMID: 8002100 DOI: 10.2190/a9qw-p21y-l974-t67j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Good health, involvement in social activity, and the presence of a confidant have all been found to be important factors for life satisfaction of the elderly. However, there is a significant minority of the elderly for whom these findings do not hold. The results of this study indicate that individuals' separation orientation helps explain the differential impact of important environmental factors on life satisfaction. Those who are overly dependent tend to be more adversely affected by poor self-rated health and inadequate formal activity than balanced or overly self-sufficient participants. In contrast, the presence of a confidant was associated with higher life satisfaction scores for overly dependent participants, but was associated with decreased life satisfaction for overly self-sufficient participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Park
- Columbia River Mental Health Services, Vancouver, Washington
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Møller V. Black South African women on excursions: A reflection on the quality of township life for seniors. J Cross Cult Gerontol 1992; 7:399-428. [PMID: 24389697 DOI: 10.1007/bf01848701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hagerty BM, Lynch-Sauer J, Patusky KL, Bouwsema M, Collier P. Sense of belonging: a vital mental health concept. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 1992; 6:172-7. [PMID: 1622293 DOI: 10.1016/0883-9417(92)90028-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sense of belonging is a concept that has not been researched in psychiatric nursing practice. Using a concept-analysis strategy proposed by Walker and Avant, the authors present a detailed description of the concept that evolved from a series of inductive and deductive strategies. Sense of belonging is defined as the experience of personal involvement in a system or environment so that persons feel themselves to be an integral part of that system or environment. Sense of belonging has important applicability for clinical use as well as continued theory development in psychiatric nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Hagerty
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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Ishii-Kuntz M. Social interaction and psychological well-being: comparison across stages of adulthood. Int J Aging Hum Dev 1990; 30:15-36. [PMID: 2407664 DOI: 10.2190/0wty-xbxj-gvv9-xwm9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Using a national probability sample, this study examines the impact of social interaction on psychological well-being across stages of adulthood. Quality of social interaction measured by satisfaction with family life and friendship are found to be positively related to well-being of adults in all age groups. A further examination of this positive effect shows that the impact of family and friendship interaction on well-being are similar in each adulthood stage. These findings show that the positive impact of social interaction on psychological well-being is not unique to the elderly population but similar among all stages of adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ishii-Kuntz
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside
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