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Ranjan R, Balhara YPS, Mishra BR, Sarkar S, Bharti A, Sinha M, Ahmad S, Kumar P, Jain M, Panigrahi S. Description of Nomophobia Among College Students: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Indian J Psychol Med 2024; 46:305-312. [PMID: 39056034 PMCID: PMC11268276 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231219195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nomophobia is a situational phobia evoked by unavailability of smart phone or the thought of the possibility of not having it, not being able to use it and losing it. Currently used instruments for assessment of severity of nomophobia offers challenges of administration and have limited applicability in the Indian setting. Therefore, this study was aimed to depict and understand the lived experience of college students with nomophobia and making sense of it. Methods This interpretative phenomenological analysis research design study was carried out on 17 undergraduate students belonging to different academic streams including Science, Social science and Commerce from the three study sites situated in different locations of India. An in-depth interview guide was prepared. The students who scored more than 90 on nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q Questionnaire) were included in the study. The data was recorded in audio and video format, it was transcribed, and translated from Hindi to English language. Coding was done and the theme were extracted. Results The findings identified six superordinate themes: Digital Obsession, Digital Compulsion, Approval Motivation, Digital Intensement, Digital Well-being and Insight. Conclusion The lived experiences of the students with nomophobia had explicitly shown a strong inclination towards the smartphone. They also focused on some of the significant aids provided by the smartphone. Further the intensive use of the smartphone was posing major challenges to the students when they were away from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Ranjan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- Dept. of Psychiatry & National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Biswa Ranjan Mishra
- Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Dept. of Psychiatry & National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayushi Bharti
- Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Muskan Sinha
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Shamshad Ahmad
- Dept. of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Meha Jain
- Dept. of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Jahrami H, Fekih Romdhane F, Pandi-Perumal SR, BaHammam AS, Vitiello MV. Global research evidence on nomophobia during 2008-2022: a bibliometric analysis and review. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:889-904. [PMID: 37846044 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2268888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Nomophobia, often known as a 21st-century disorder, is a recent condition that has received considerable attention, with numerous studies conducted to better understand it since it was first introduced in 2008. To better understand the present research status and prospects to assist practitioners, policymakers, and funding agencies in protecting the population from nomophobia-related harm, a bibliometric study of nomophobia-related publications was conducted. We used Scopus and dimensions.ai to perform a search between 2008 and 2022. The HistCite, R software, and VOSviewer were used to analyze the data and extract relevant keywords indexed in medical databases using mesh heading phrases. Between January 2008 and April 2022, 1,781 papers, 30 datasets, two grants, six patents, four clinical trials, and five policy documents were identified. The bulk of the articles included in this review were published after 2017 with the majority written in English. Most of the research focuses on determining the prevalence of nomophobia in various populational groups, such as students, clinical samples, and the general adult population. Several studies examined the possible association between nomophobia symptoms and other psychiatric or physical health issues, such as changes in sleep, learning and attention, academic performance, coping strategies, etc. The current body of research knowledge of nomophobia in the main includes epidemiologic and diagnostic effort that has provided mixed results regarding its assessment and prevalence rates, and appreciable data on its treatment and prevention are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Feten Fekih Romdhane
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia, Razi Hospital, rue des orangers, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- Department of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Center and Pulmonary Service, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Cui M, Wang S, Gao Y, Hao Y, Dai H. The effect of emotion regulation strategies on nomophobia in college students: The masking role of resilience. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30075. [PMID: 38699027 PMCID: PMC11064443 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
College students have a high prevalence of nomophobia. However, research on the effects of emotion regulation and resilience on nomophobia in China is lacking. This research investigated how cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies directly and indirectly affect nomophobia through resilience. Therefore, from March to May 2023, 756 university student volunteers (21.4 % men) were selected from a university in northeastern China for a questionnaire survey. Our findings suggest that college students' resilience has a masking effect on the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and nomophobia and can attenuate the negative effect of the frequency of using cognitive reappraisal strategies on nomophobia. The frequency of expressive suppression strategies directly and positively affected nomophobia. Early psychological interventions targeting resilience might be potentially effective in alleviating nomophobia among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Cui
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Suyan Wang
- Center for Mental Health Guidance, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ye Gao
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, PR China
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Yang Z, Zhu B, Ke J, Yu L, Zhao H. The effect of nomophobic behaviors among nurses on their clinical decision-making perceptions. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 77:103978. [PMID: 38739975 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to explore the impact of nomophobic behaviors among hospital nurses on their clinical decision-making perceptions. This understanding can offer insights to enhance the work environment, improve the clinical decision-making ability of nurses and guide medical institutions in the management of related equipment and policy development. BACKGROUND The term "nomophobia" refers to the anxiety and fear individuals experience when they cannot use their smartphones or when smartphones are not accessible. Nursing clinical decision-making is a complex process, including a meticulous assessment of the patient's pathological condition and medical history, alongside the application of nursing knowledge and experiential learning rooted in critical thinking. The concept of clinical decision-making perceptions is defined as a deliberate cognitive understanding of one's decision-making processes, which significantly influences the clinical decision-making capabilities of healthcare professionals, thereby impacting the quality of patient care. The factors influencing these clinical decision-making perceptions have been the subject of extensive research. However, there is no Chinese research on the impact of nurses ' nomophobic behaviors on their clinical decision-making perception. DESIGN A cross-sectional descriptive survey using online-based delivery modes was used. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. Using convenience sampling, we surveyed the nurses from a tertiary hospital in Nanjing in May 2023. Data were gathered using a sociodemographic data form, the Nomophobia Questionnaire and the Clinical Decision-Making in Nursing Scale. Techniques including the independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were employed to probe the degree of nomophobia and its effects on their perception of clinical decision-making. Out of 284 questionnaires gathered, 272 were deemed valid, resulting in a 95.8% effective response rate. RESULTS The data revealed that participants exhibited a medium level of nomophobia (54.01 ± 24.09) and clinical decision-making perceptions (144.94 ± 20.08). A robust negative correlation was discerned between nomophobia and clinical decision-making perceptions (r: -0.365, P<0.001). This study highlighted that as the degree of nomophobia intensified, nurses' clinical decision-making perceptions decreased with the increase in nomophobia. CONCLUSION Nomophobic behaviors can hamper nurses' perception of clinical decision-making, potentially leading to inaccuracies or errors. Nurses must use mobile phones judiciously, practice self-regulation and mitigate the disruptive effects of nomophobia on their decision-making. In addition, medical institutions should foster relevant education or craft policies to regularize mobile phone use, augmenting nurses' efficiency and decision-making prowess, enhancing patient care quality, diminishing medical errors and ensuring patient health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqing Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Jiangsu University
| | - Bei Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juqing Ke
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Yu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, People's Republic of China
| | - Huandi Zhao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Sun X, Deng T, Ren M, Feng D. Development and psychometric testing of physiopsychological disorders scale for medical rescuers fighting epidemics in China. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:423-437. [PMID: 38363005 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Develop and psychometrically test the physiopsychological disorders scale for medical rescuers fighting epidemics (PDS-MRFE). METHOD A three-phase approach was used to develop and test the physiopsychological disorders scale: (1) creating the item pool, (2) preliminarily evaluating items, and (3) refining the scale and estimating the psychometric properties. The items of the instrument were generated based on a comprehensive literature review and a qualitative study conducted with 31 medical rescuers (18 nurses and 13 doctors) fighting epidemics. A preliminary evaluation of items was conducted using content validity which was evaluated by a panel of 15 experts. Validity and reliability examinations were conducted to refine the scale and evaluate its psychometric properties. This was done using two different samples. Specifically, Sample A (360 medical rescuers) was employed for item reduction and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and Sample B (287 medical rescuers) was employed for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and determination of other psychometric properties (i.e., reliability, concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity), which further confirmed the structure of the scale and evaluated its final psychometric properties. RESULTS The final scale has 39 items with three subscales, including before, during, and after rescue. The exploratory factor analysis result indicated that the before-rescue scale of four items, during-rescue of 21 items, and after-rescue of 14 items explained 52.07%, 69.75%, and 52.30% of the cumulative variance, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis result indicated that model fit indices of three subscales were acceptable and showed evidence of adequate content, convergent, discriminate, and concurrent validity. The Cronbach's α coefficients for each subscale and all dimensions ranged from 0.81 to 0.92, indicating good reliability for the PDS-MRFE. CONCLUSIONS The physiopsychological disorders scale is a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument and can be used in both clinical practice and research to evaluate different physiopsychological disorders at different medical rescue stages among medical rescuers fighting epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tiantian Deng
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Minmin Ren
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Danjun Feng
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Xu H, Liang C, Kong J, Chen Q, Zhao Y, Zhang F. Reliability and validity evaluation of the Chinese version of the gender misconceptions of men in nursing (GEMINI) scale among nursing students. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:266. [PMID: 38659007 PMCID: PMC11040909 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misconceptions about male nurses not only exacerbate the gender imbalance in the nursing profession but also negatively impact male nurses embarking on their careers. Currently, no tool exists to measure the gender biases toward males in nursing among nursing students in China. Consequently, the primary objective of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of the Chinese translation of the Gender Misconceptions of Men in Nursing (GEMINI) scale among nursing students. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 1,102 nursing students from China who participated online. We utilized the Brislin translation technique with a forward-backward approach. To determine the factor structure within the Men in Nursing Gender Misconceptions Scale's Chinese version, both exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied. The scale's internal consistency was measured through the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, corrected item-total correlation, and a retest reliability assessment. RESULTS The scale showed a content validity index of 0.938 and a retest reliability of 0.844. EFA indicated a two-factor structure for the translated instrument. CFA revealed a chi-square/degree of freedom of 3.837, an incremental fit index (IFI) of 0.952, a goodness-of-fit index (GFI) of 0.910, a comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.952, and an RMSEA of 0.073, all of which were within acceptable limits. The scale's Cronbach's α was 0.953, and the corrected item-total correlations ranged between 0.539 and 0.838. Gender-based misconceptions about men in nursing among students appeared to be influenced by their gender and whether they considered a nursing program as their first choice when applying for a major. Misconceptions about male nurses are greater among men and those who do not consider nursing programs as their first choice when applying for a major. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese adaptation of the GEMINI scale showcased high reliability and validity. It stands as a potential instrument to gauge gender misconceptions concerning male nurses among Chinese nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huameng Xu
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, 121001, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chunguang Liang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, 121001, Jinzhou, China.
| | - Jie Kong
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, 121001, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, 121001, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, 121001, Jinzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, 121001, Jinzhou, China
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Li J, Wang R. Determining the role of innovative teaching practices, sustainable learning, and the adoption of e-learning tools in leveraging academic motivation for students' mental well-being. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:163. [PMID: 38504386 PMCID: PMC10949821 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01639-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about significant changes in the educational landscape, with a significant shift towards e-learning and remote teaching practices. As such, it has become increasingly important to understand the role of innovative teaching practices, sustainable learning, and the adoption of e-learning tools in leveraging academic motivation for students' mental well-being. PURPOSE The study aims to determine whether academic motivation can helpful for mental wellbeing of students directly and through the adoption of e-learning tools, and sustainable learning considering the role of innovative teaching. METHODS Target population of this research were the students of Chinese universities. Data was collected from 308 students and was analyzed by using Mplus software. RESULTS Students expressed higher motivation, quality education and good mental health. Additionally, it was discovered that academic motivation helped the students to develop good academic record and mental health. CONCLUSION The research's conclusions can help the policy makers creating successful educational initiatives and programs that promote students' overall growth. These results can also guide the university administration and teachers to adopt effective policies and practices for creating academic motivation in order to construct a healthy environment not just for better academic results but also for the well-being of students. Additionally, this research draws attention of future researchers to explore mechanisms that can drive students' academic and psychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxiang Li
- Social Studies Education, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeollanam-do, 57922, Korea
| | - Rufeng Wang
- College of Physical Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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Kou J, Wang R, Tang Y, Tang Y, Gao Y. Translation and validation of a simplified Chinese version of the psychosocial assessment tool. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:221. [PMID: 38365614 PMCID: PMC10870522 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT2.0) is widely used to assess psychosocial risk in families of children with cancer. Our study aims to apply PAT2.0 to Chinese patients and assess the reliability, content validity, and construct validity of the Chinese version. METHODS A total of 161 participants completed the study, each with only one child diagnosed with cancer. Psychometric evaluations, including internal consistency, score distribution, test-retest reliability, and construct validity, were conducted. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.732 to 0.843, indicating good internal consistency. Additionally, intraclass correlation coefficient values ranged from 0.869 to 0.984, indicating excellent test-retest reliability. The Simplified Chinese version of PAT2.0 demonstrated high construct validity in factor analyses and correlations with the General Functioning Subscale of the Family Assessment Device. CONCLUSION The translation process of the Chinese version of PAT2.0 was successful, proving its applicability for psychosocial evaluation and interventions in families of children with cancer in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kou
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders.(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders.(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders.(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders.(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders.(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Nadar MS, Fekih-Romdhane F, Helmy M, Hattab S, Alhaj OA, AlRasheed MM, Trabelsi K, Jahrami H, Saad HB. Impact of Nomophobia on Musculoskeletal Problems in the Upper Extremity among Adults: Implications for Occupational Therapy. Occup Ther Health Care 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37747410 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2023.2243629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Nomophobia (NO MObile PHone Phobia) is a psychological condition in which people are anxious of being cut off from their mobile phones and been associated with adverse consequences to physical and psychosocial health. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of nomophobia on musculoskeletal problems in the upper extremity among adults. The Nomophobia scale (NMP-Q) was used to measure addiction to smartphone use among 5,087 Middle Eastern adults. A snowball sampling approach was used to recruit the participants between March and June 2021. Results showed that nomophobia was evident in 1,119 participants (22%) with a mean NMP-Q score of 114.1 (SD 11.1). A total of 3,396 upper extremity symptoms were reported among our participants. The binomial logistic regression showed that NMP-Q score is a significant predictor of symptoms to the thumb only (β = 0.01, p = .026). This study has provided evidence of the negative physical consequences of addiction to smartphone use. Participants with thumb-related symptoms were more prone to sustain other concurrent upper extremity symptoms, probably due to their maladaptive habits of using the phone. Thus, it is important to increase awareness about the risks associated with the use of smartphones. Implications for occupational therapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sh Nadar
- Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Department of psychiatry, "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunism Tunisia
| | - Mai Helmy
- Psychology Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
| | - Suhaib Hattab
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Omar Amin Alhaj
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Petra, Jordan
| | - Maha M AlRasheed
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Education, Motricity, Sport, and Health, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Jelleli H, Hindawi O, Rebhi M, Ben Aissa M, Saidane M, Saad AR, Guelmami N. Psychometric Evidence of the Arabic Version of Nomophobia Questionnaire Among Physical Education Students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2383-2394. [PMID: 37408785 PMCID: PMC10319280 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s416312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nomophobia refers to a psychological state in which individuals experience anxiety or fear at the thought of being disconnected from their mobile phone. The Nomophobia Questionnaire was developed to assess dimensions of nomophobia among native English-speaking populations. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Nomophobia Questionnaire in the Tunisian context based on Western Arabic dialects. Methods This cross-sectional design using a non-probability sampling method was conducted from September 05 to October 06, 2022. A total of 644 participants, with an average age of 21.04 ± 1.59 years, completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and an Arabic version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire. Participants were divided into two groups to perform exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The first group consisted of 200 students (56% female and 44% male with an average age of 21.10 ± 1.64), with 33% (n = 66) freshmen, 41.5% second-year students (n = 83) and 25.5% (n = 51) of third-year students. The second group was collected one month later in the same establishment and was composed of 444 students (52% men and 48% female with an average age of 21.01 ± 1.57). Results The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 20 items and the second order four-factor structure should be retained. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Arabic version of the NMP-Q gave the following statistics: χ2/df= 1.47; Fit Index = 0.997; Adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.996; Tucker-Lewis index = 1.003; Comparative Fit Index = 1; Root mean square error of approximation = 0.000 (90% CI 0-0) and standardized mean residual = 0.030, indicating good model fit. McDonald's ω internal consistency indexes for the four factors, namely giving up convenience, not being able to access information, not being able to communicate, and losing connectedness were 0.821, 0.841, 0.851, and 0.897, respectively. These values demonstrated good scale consistency. Conclusion The Arabic Version of the Nomophobia questionnaire has been found to be a reliable and valid psychometric tool, and can be effectively used to measure nomophobia in countries where western Arabic dialects are spoken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilmi Jelleli
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hindawi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Sport Rehabilitation Department, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Rebhi
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
- Department of Education, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Aissa
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Saidane
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
- Department of Health, Higher Institute of Nursing Sciences of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Amr Roushdy Saad
- Faculty of Physical Education of Mansoura, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Noomen Guelmami
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Jahrami H. The Relationship between Nomophobia, Insomnia, Chronotype, Phone in Proximity, Screen Time, and Sleep Duration in Adults: A Mobile Phone App-Assisted Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101503. [PMID: 37239789 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies that have investigated the association between nomophobia and insomnia revealed that a strong relationship exists between both variables. This study aimed to explore possible associations between these variables and their impact on physical and mental health outcomes using a cross-sectional study design and mobile phone apps to collect data. Using a survey approach, data were collected from 444 participants (52% female, mean age 34 ± 12) using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and three Android mobile phone apps. The Plees Tracker, screen time, and pedometer apps aided in collecting data on sleep duration, time spent on screen per day, and how close the phone was to the person. A statistically significant association was noted between nomophobia and insomnia, nomophobia and the eveningness chronotype, and nomophobia and screen time. The eveningness chronotype was also associated with an increased screen time use. The results show that NMP-Q, ISI, and screen time increase according to the chronotype. No statistically significant differences were noted in daily steps or sleep duration according to chronotype. The findings suggest that interventions targeting nomophobia may be beneficial in addressing insomnia among adults, particularly those with an evening chronotype. Future studies should consider exploring the causal relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Jahrami
- Government Hospitals, Manama P.O. Box 12, Bahrain
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
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12
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Jahrami H, Saif Z, Trabelsi K, Bragazzi NL, Vitiello MV. Internal consistency and structural validity of the nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) and its translations: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15464. [PMID: 37128316 PMCID: PMC10148102 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A psychological condition known as NOMOPHOBIA causes individuals to fear losing ability to use or reach their mobile phones. The NMP-Q (nomophobia questionnaire) is a commonly used survey for assessing symptoms related to nomophobia. Materials and methods We performed a meta-analysis using reliability generalization (RG) on the NMP-Q. Thirteen studies involving 15,929 participants have reported original reliability estimates of the NMP-Q determined through a comprehensive and methodical examination of the available literature. Results For the total scores, the pooled internal consistency reliability was 0.93 [0.91; 0.95] and for the subscales it ranged from 0.83 to 0.91. Specifically, 0.91 [0.88; 0.93], 0.84 [0.80; 0.88], 0.83 [0.78; 0.88, and 0.83 [0.80; 0.85] for the subscales. Subscale 1 = not being able to communicate; subscale 2 = losing connectedness; subscale 3 = not being able to access information; and subscale 4 = giving up convenience", respectively. All reported effect sizes are Cronbach's alphas. Structural validity supported a solution of four-factors. Conclusions NMP-Q has an excellent internal consistency. Structural validity of four factors appears to be vigorous in fitting NMP-Q items. Our recommendation is to require future studies using NMP-Q to provide a reliability estimate based on their own data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Jahrami
- Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Nicola L. Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Departments and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael V. Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, United States
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13
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Caba-Machado V, Díaz-López A, Baridon-Chauvie D, Machimbarrena JM, Ortega-Barón J, González-Cabrera J. Nomophobia in Mexico: validation of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) and cross-cultural comparison with Spain. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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14
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Ren S, Liu T, Zhao X, Yang H, Elhai JD. Is Nomophobia Problematic or Functional? A Perspective from Bifactor Structure. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36811078 PMCID: PMC9934512 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the extensive use of mobile phones globally, some people engage in excessive or problematic phone use behaviors. However, little is known regarding the latent structure of problematic mobile phone use. The current study employed the Chinese versions of the Nomophobia Questionnaire, Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21 to explore the latent psychological structure of problematic mobile phone use and nomophobia and their associations with mental health symptoms. Results showed that a bifactor latent model best fit nomophobia, which contained a general factor and four unique factors involving the fear of being unable to access information, losing convenience, losing contact, and losing one's Internet connection. Results also showed significant correlations among latent factors of nomophobia, problematic mobile phone use, and mental health symptoms. Through these findings, we can conclude that two problematic mobile phone use behaviors share a common factor concerning excessive use, and nomophobia has independent unique factors concerning usable function. This study clarifies the structure of problematic mobile phone use, and it implies that we can distinguish problematic mobile phone use from functional use; further investigation of problematic mobile phone use is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiu Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Tour Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Center of Collaborative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of Mental Health, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- 393 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, 300387 Tianjin, China
| | - Xinlu Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Center of Collaborative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of Mental Health, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jon D. Elhai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH USA
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Ge Y, Ashwin C, Li F, Cao W, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Sun B, Li W. The validation of a Mandarin version of the Empathy Components Questionnaire (ECQ-Chinese) in Chinese samples. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0275903. [PMID: 36701341 PMCID: PMC9879452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Empathy involves both empathic ability and empathic motivation. An important topic has been how to measure empathic ability and motivation simultaneously in both clinical and non-clinical samples and across different cultures. The Empathy Components Questionnaire (ECQ) is a self-report questionnaire that measures empathic ability and motivation in a questionnaire. The current study aimed to validate the Mandarin Chinese version of the ECQ (ECQ-Chinese) in three Chinese samples. In study 1, a total of 538 Chinese participants (Sample 1) completed the ECQ-Chinese via an online survey, and existing measures of empathy and related constructs which were used for criterion validity. In study 2, a total of 104 participants (Sample 2) were recruited again from sample 1 and completed the ECQ-Chinese three weeks later to investigate test-retest reliability. In study 3, a further 324 participants (Sample 3) completed the ECQ-Chinese for confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that the ECQ-Chinese has a good internal consistency reliability, split-half reliability, and criterion validity (Study 1), and a good test-retest reliability (Study 2). Further, Study 3 found that a 22-item ECQ-Chinese consisting of five subscales had a good construct validity, convergence validity and discriminate validity, demonstrating it to be a suitable tool for the measurement of empathic ability and motivation in Chinese samples and to carry out cross-cultural studies of empathy and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Ge
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Institute of Child Development, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Chris Ashwin
- Centre for Applied Autism Research, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Fengying Li
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Publicity Department, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Binghai Sun
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- * E-mail: (BS); (WL)
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- * E-mail: (BS); (WL)
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16
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Coenen M, Görlich Y. Exploring nomophobia with a German adaption of the nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q-D). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279379. [PMID: 36584105 PMCID: PMC9803150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nomophobia is considered a disorder of the modern world and describes the fear of being separated from one's smartphone and being no longer connected and reachable. The aims of this Study were to translate the nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) into German, validate the NMP-Q-D, and use it to shed light on the nomophobia construct. A total of 807 volunteer test subjects were included in the evaluation, 50 of them participated five months later in a retest study. A 4-factor structure of the NMP-Q-D could be confirmed by exploratory as well as by confirmatory factor analyses. The four factors are: (1) "Not being able to communicate", (2) "Losing connectedness", (3) "Not being able to access information", and (4) "Giving up convenience". The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the NMP-Q-D was .92 and the test-retest-reliability was .80. Significant correlations of frequency of smartphone usage with time spent confirmed criterion validity of NMP-Q-D. Construct validity was given by significant correlations of NMP-Q-D to fear of missing out and smartphone addiction. Neuroticism was positively associated with nomophobia, while consciousness and openness were lightly negatively associated. Anxiety correlated significantly positively with factor 1, and stress with factors 1 and 4. Life satisfaction was positively associated with factor 3 and well-being negatively with factor 4. A multiple regression analysis revealed smartphone usage, gender, and neuroticism as significant predictors of nomophobia. Females scored significantly higher for factors 1 and 4 compared to males. Nomophobia was rather widespread in the sample: Nearly half of the participants (49.4%) had a moderate level of nomophobia and 4.1% a severe nomophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Coenen
- PFH Private University of Applied Science Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Görlich
- PFH Private University of Applied Science Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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17
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Li WL, Tan SX, Ouyang RQ, Cui YF, Ma JR, Cheng C, Mu YJ, Zhang SW, Zheng L, Xiong P, Ni WZ, Li LY, Fan LN, Luo YM, Yu YL, Wang ZM, Ding F, Pan QF, Jiang AY, Huang JM, Cao WT, Liu J, Ye YB, Zeng FF. Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the orthorexia nervosa assessment questionnaires among college students. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3389-3398. [PMID: 36071328 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The main objective of the study was to translate, validate, and compare the Chinese ORTO scales (ORTO-15 and ORTO-R). The secondary objective was to assess factors that may be related with risk of orthorexia nervosa (ON). METHODS Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted on March-to-June 2021 for ORTO-15 and April 2022 for ORTO-R. ORTO questionnaires were translated into Chinese using the forward-backward-forward method. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), discriminant validity and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to examine the construct validity of the questionnaires. The internal consistency was assessed using the Cronbach alpha coefficient and the test-retest reliability. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore potential factors related with ON scores. RESULTS Totally, 1289 and 1084 eligible participants were included for assessment of ORTO-15 and ORTO-R, with the mean age of 20.9 ± 2.0 years and 21.0 ± 2.3 years. The internal consistency of Chinese ORTO-15 scale and ORTO-R scale were both satisfactory (α = 0.79, ICC = 0.79; α = 0.77, ICC = 0.82). However, all ORTO-15 models showed a poor fit using CFA whereas the ORTO-R was characterized by acceptable goodness-of-fit. Multivariate linear regression indicated that physical activities and mental disorders were positively associated with ON risk assessed by both ORTO-R and ORTO-15. CONCLUSION The Chinese ORTO-R scale was a more reliable tool to screen for ON tendencies than the Chinese version of ORTO-15. Mental disorders and physical activities might be associated with the increased ON risk. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V (descriptive cross-sectional study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lin Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Xian Tan
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-Qing Ouyang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Feng Cui
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Rong Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Jun Mu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Wen Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Wan-Ze Ni
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Yao Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Na Fan
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Mei Luo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Lin Yu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Mo Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao-Fei Pan
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - An-Yi Jiang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Min Huang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Ting Cao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan-Bin Ye
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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18
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Validation of a Spanish Adaption of a Questionnaire for Measuring Nomophobia among University Students. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4012290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Smartphones are highly useful in contemporary society. However, their use can lead to problems, such as dependency and addiction. Nomophobia is a pathological fear of losing connectedness or not being able to access information or communicate with other people. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the four dimensions of the original version of the NMP-Q questionnaire by Yildirim and Correia using the Spanish version of the questionnaire developed by Gutiérrez-Puertas et al. Similarly, this research aims at assessing whether the questionnaire retains its four-dimensional structure when applied to a population of university students in the area of social sciences at a Mexican university. Using confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis techniques, we determined that nomophobia among the study population can be addressed through the first three dimensions of the original questionnaire, namely, not being able to communicate, losing connectedness, and not being able to access information. A fourth dimension, entitled “giving up convenience”, is mentioned in the literature. However, in this study, this dimension could not be clearly identified with the indicators included in the original questionnaire and was, therefore, omitted from the resulting questionnaire. Nomophobia is a modern phenomenon that is becoming increasingly prevalent in our society. Therefore, it must be studied and addressed. The nomophobia questionnaire presented in this article is a reliable way of taking measurements, as indicated by the research results. Further research should deepen the study of measuring nomophobia and improve the questionnaire through other indicators and conceptual dimensions that help explain this phenomenon in a precise and reliable way.
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Albursan IS, Al. Qudah MF, Al-Barashdi HS, Bakhiet SF, Darandari E, Al-Asqah SS, Hammad HI, Al-Khadher MM, Qara S, Al-Mutairy SH, Albursan HI. Smartphone Addiction among University Students in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence, Relationship to Academic Procrastination, Quality of Life, Gender and Educational Stage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10439. [PMID: 36012073 PMCID: PMC9408323 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to identify the level and proportions of smartphone addiction, and academic procrastination among university students in the light of the Corona pandemic; identify the differences in smartphone addiction, academic procrastination, and quality of life according to gender and stage of study; and revealing the predictive ability of academic procrastination and quality of life for smartphone addiction. Methods: 556 male and female students from Saudi universities participated in the study, whose ages ranged from 18 to 52 years. Measures of academic procrastination and quality of life were used, in addition to the Italian scale of smartphone addiction, which was translated and checked for validity and reliability. Results: The results revealed that 37.4% of the sample were addicted to smartphone use, while 7.7% had a high level of procrastination, and 62.8% had an average level of procrastination. The results did not show statistically significant differences in smartphone addiction and quality of life according to gender and educational stage, while there were statistically significant differences in academic procrastination according to gender in favor of males, and according to stage of education in favor of undergraduate students. The results also revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between academic procrastination and smartphone addiction, and a statistically significant negative relationship between smartphone addiction and quality of life. A negative relationship between quality of life and academic procrastination was found. The results also revealed that addiction to smartphones could be predicted through academic procrastination and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Salamah Albursan
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Salaheldin Farah Bakhiet
- Department of Special Education, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eqbal Darandari
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayyah S. Al-Asqah
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Qassim University, Qassim 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Ibraheem Hammad
- Department of Psychology, Princess Alia College, AL Balqa Applied University, Amman 11821, Jordan
| | - Mohammed M. Al-Khadher
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleem Qara
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | - Sultan Howedey Al-Mutairy
- Department of Educational Technology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Yan X, Gao Y, Zhang H, Liang C, Yu H, Wang L, Li S, Li Y, Tong H. Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Revision of the Pitt Wellness Scale for People in the University Environment. Front Psychol 2022; 13:899880. [PMID: 35645946 PMCID: PMC9134205 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.899880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of students enrolled in higher education in China accounts for more than one-fifth of the world, and universities, as a community of faculty, staff and scholars, currently do not have a scale that specifically assesses the well-being of the population in the environment of Chinese universities. However, the University of Pittsburgh has developed a comprehensive well-being scale, referred to as the Pitt Wellness Scale, specifically to measure people's well-being in a university environment. Aims Investigate the psychometric properties of the Pitt Wellness Scale in Chinese university environmental samples. Methods The original scale was culturally adapted and modified through expert consultation, a random sample of 1870 current faculty, staff, and students were selected for the questionnaire survey. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to investigate the potential factor structure of the Chinese Revision of the Pitt Wellness Scale and to measure its reliability and validity. Finally, the factors that affect people's well-being in the Chinese university environment were explored. Results The Chinese Revision of the Pitt Wellness Scale retained 30 items, and the EFA supports a five-factor structure, which differed from the results of the original scale, and the CFA results showed that the model fitted well. The discriminant validity of the modified Chinese scale was excellent. The overall Omega coefficient of the scale was 0.958, and the reliability of the retest after 4 weeks was 0.821. Conclusion The Chinese Revision of the Pitt Wellness Scale possesses satisfactory psychometric properties, and it can be considered an instrument for assessing personal well-being in Chinese university environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Yan
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Nursing, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chunguang Liang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Nursing, Panjin Vocational and Technical College, Panjin, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, China
| | - Huijuan Tong
- Department of Nursing, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
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21
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Uguz G, Bacaksiz FE. Relationships between personality traits and nomophobia: Research on nurses working in public hospitals. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:673-681. [PMID: 33969498 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, some personal and smartphone usage characteristics will be examined as the determinants of nomophobia, and its relationship with personality traits will be tested. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample of the descriptive and correlative study consisted of 669 nurses working in six hospitals in Istanbul. The data collection tool consisted of three parts: Descriptive information form, Nomophobia Scale, and Five-Factor Personality Traits Scale. FINDINGS There was a relationship between nurses' nomophobia levels and neuroticism scores (r = 0.201; p < 0.001). The relationships nomophobia levels with other personality features were found to be either significant but negative, and very low power or statistically non-significant. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS As a result of the research, the prevalence of nomophobia increases due to the use of smartphones, especially the younger generation is at risk for nomophobia and that the personality traits of the people do not have a strong explanatory on the levels of nomophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Uguz
- Department of Nursing Management, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.,Intensive Care Unit, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feride Eskin Bacaksiz
- Department of Nursing Administration, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
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Reliability and validity evaluation of the chinese version of the ethical sensitivity questionnaire for nursing students. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:244. [PMID: 34872552 PMCID: PMC8647363 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in technology and the expansion of nursing roles have led to complex ethical issues in nursing. Nursing students are the future clinical nursing workers and practitioners. The ethical sensitivity of nursing students is very important to the professional development of nursing students, which can strengthen the ethical cognition of nursing students, improve the ethical decision-making ability of nursing students, and is beneficial to the development of nursing students in the process of clinical practice and nursing education. However, there are no instruments to evaluate the ethical sensitivity of nursing students in China. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students (ESQ-NS). METHODS After obtaining the authorization of the author of the original scale, the study used the Brislin back-translation method for translation. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to examine the underlying factor structure of the translated questionnaire. The Cronbach alpha coefficient, the test-retest reliability, and the corrected item-total correlation were calculated to verify the internal consistency of the scale. RESULTS The Chinese version of ESQ-NS retained 13 items. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracts four common factors, and the cumulative variance contribution rate is 62.479%. The CFA reached the adaptive standard, and the discriminant validity of the scale was good. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of this scale was 0.821, and 4 dimensions were between 0.708 and 0.738. The results of the test-retest showed that Pearson's correlation coefficient of the overall ESQ-NS was 0.814. Corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.337 to 0.542. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the ESQ-NS has good reliability and validity, which can be used to evaluate the level of ethical sensitivity of nursing students in China.
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Kukreti S, Ahorsu DK, Strong C, Chen IH, Lin CY, Ko NY, Griffiths MD, Chen YP, Kuo YJ, Pakpour AH. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Chinese Teachers during COVID-19 Pandemic: Roles of Fear of COVID-19, Nomophobia, and Psychological Distress. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1288. [PMID: 34682968 PMCID: PMC8535533 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited data concerning the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among teachers. Therefore, the present study estimated the prevalence of PTSD among mainland Chinese teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to construct a model with mediation and moderation effects to explain the PTSD. Data collection was conducted in schools in the Jiangxi province between October and November 2020 among k-12 schoolteachers. An online survey, including five different psychometric scales, was used to collect data. All participants were assessed for PTSD using the Chinese version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Hayes' PROCESS Model 8 was used to examine the potential factors explaining a higher PTSD scores. A total of 2603 teachers from k-12 schools participated. With the cutoff score at 31, the prevalence of PTSD was 12.3% but decreased to 1.0% when the cutoff score was at 49. Nomophobia moderated the effects of Fear of COVID-19 Scale on PTSD. The findings suggest that fear of COVID-19 among teachers leads to PTSD via psychological distress, highlighting the moderating effect of nomophobia in this association. Based on the study's findings, psychological interventions and educational training are needed to reduce fear among teachers at higher risk of developing PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kukreti
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (S.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong;
| | - Carol Strong
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (S.K.); (C.S.)
| | - I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (S.K.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK;
| | - Yu-Pin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (Y.-P.C.); (Y.-J.K.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (Y.-P.C.); (Y.-J.K.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, 55318 Jönköping, Sweden;
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Kazem AM, Emam MM, Alrajhi MN, Aldhafri SS, AlBarashdi HS, Al-Rashdi BA. Nomophobia in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: the Development and Validation of a New Interactive Electronic Nomophobia Test. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [PMCID: PMC7951125 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-021-00068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The widely spread dependence on smartphones by children, adolescents, and adults has shoved researchers to assess its impact on the wellbeing of individuals. Nomophobia, the fear of being out of cellular contact, was typically assessed by self-report measures or proxy measures in adolescents and older adults. The goal of the current study was to examine nomophobia in late childhood and adolescence using scenario-based vignettes that are interactively presented and mediated by computers. To fulfill this goal, the Interactive Electronic Nomophobia Test (IENT), comprising of five scenario-based vignettes, was developed and administered to 1211 students aged between 10 and 18 years and enrolled in grades 5–12. The IENT psychometric properties were examined using a series of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Additionally, the study examined the clustering nomophobia symptoms in a nationally representative sample of Omani students and explored the association of these Nomophobia symptoms with both students’ grade and gender. Results of the study provided evidence of the four-pronged structure of the IENT, and an overall all composite nomophobia score, with strong associations found among the subscales, and between each of the four subscales and Nomophobia composite score. Invariance tests found significantly different model results by gender in all cases. Finally, cluster analysis revealed two to three clusters, with significant associations between gender, class, and cluster type. Implications of the study are discussed in view of previous literature on the assessment of nomophobia and smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahdi Kazem
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.Box: 32, Al-Khod, P.C.: 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Mahmoud Mohammed Emam
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.Box: 32, Al-Khod, P.C.: 123 Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Said Sulaiman Aldhafri
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.Box: 32, Al-Khod, P.C.: 123 Muscat, Oman
- Research Council, Muscat, Oman
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Farchakh Y, Hallit R, Akel M, Chalhoub C, Hachem M, Hallit S, Obeid S. Nomophobia in Lebanon: Scale validation and association with psychological aspects. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249890. [PMID: 33878132 PMCID: PMC8057610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Nomophobia, an abbreviation of “No mobile phone phobia”, is characterized by the illogical fear of being detached from the mobile phone or unable to use it. Research have provided evidence of an association between increased cellular phone use and multiple health issues, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and others. To our knowledge, there are no Lebanese studies about nomophobia, despite the high incorporation rate of mobile phones in Lebanon and the likelihood of suffering from anxiety, depression, and other conditions due to nomophobic attitudes. The study objectives were to validate and confirm psychometric properties of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) and examine the associations between particular psychological conditions (anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia and impulsivity) and nomophobia among a representative sample of Lebanese people. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out between January and July 2019. It enrolled 2260 residents of the community randomly selected from Lebanon’s Mohafazat. Two villages per sub-district and households from each village were chosen using a random sampling technique. A questionnaire was distributed randomly to the households. SPSS version 25 was used to perform the statistical analysis. A multinomial regression was computed taking the nomophobia categories as the dependent variable (and taking the absence of nomophobia as the reference category) and all variables that showed a significant association in the bivariate analysis as independent variables. Results A total of 2260 (80.71%) out of 2800 questionnaires distributed was collected back. The mean age of the participants was 27.98 ± 9.66 years (58.8% females). Moreover, the mean nomophobia score was 71.56 ± 26.92 (median = 71; minimum = 14; maximum = 140). The results showed that 46 (2.0%) had no nomophobia, 769 (34.1%) mild nomophobia [95% CI 0.322–0.361], 1089 (48.3%) moderate nomophobia [95% CI 0.463–0.504] and 349 (15.5%) severe nomophobia [95% CI 0.140–0.170]. Items of the nomophobia scale converged over a solution of three factors that had an Eigenvalue over 1 (Factor 1 = emotions associated to losing connectedness, Factor 2 = not being able to communicate, Factor 3 = not being able to access information; total variance explained = 66.65%, and Cronbach’s alpha = 0.948). The results of a multinomial regression, taking the nomophobia score as the dependent variable, showed that higher age was significantly associated with lower odds of having mild (aOR = 0.97), moderate (aOR = 0.93) and severe (aOR = 0.97) nomophobia respectively. Higher anxiety (aOR = 1.09) and higher insomnia (aOR = 1.04) were significantly associated with higher odds of having severe nomophobia. Conclusion The results suggest a positive correlation between nomophobia and psychological conditions. There is a need for longitudinal and prospective studies that furnish information with regards of the impact of time on the variables measured, in order to better understand the nature, causes, and attributes of nomophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Farchakh
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Clarissa Chalhoub
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Maria Hachem
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (SH); (SO)
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
- Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (SH); (SO)
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Lai F, Pei L, Yue S, Cao X, Xiao H, Li Y, Li J. Translation and validation of the Chinese version of medical maximizer-minimizer scale: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042432. [PMID: 33408206 PMCID: PMC7789444 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medical overutilisation and underutilisation affect optimal healthcare. The Medical Maximizer-Minimizer Scale (MMS) was developed to assess individual medical maximising and minimising tendencies. Despite significant improvement in the healthcare system over the past four decades, no psychometric scales to examine treatment maximising and minimising preferences are available in China. This study aimed to translate the MMS into Chinese and examine its reliability and validity in a Chinese population. DESIGN This cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2019 through an online survey panel. METHODS The MMS was translated into a Chinese version (CN-MMS) using a forward-backward translation procedure. Next, a random online survey of the general population in China was conducted. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to examine the underlying factor structure of the CN-MMS. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was determined using Cronbach's α coefficient and corrected item-total correlation. A multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine associations between medical maximising and minimising preferences and demographic variables in the Chinese population. RESULTS This study included 984 participants aged 18-80 years. The CN-MMS retained 10 items, and the EFA supported a two-factor structure. The model fit for this two-factor structure of the CN-MMS was acceptable with χ2/df=3.7, comparative fit index=0.958, goodness-of-fit index=0.951, Tucker-Lewis Index=0.944 and root mean square error of approximation=0.074. The scale had a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.864, corrected item-total correlation of 0.451-0.667, and test-retest reliability of 0.815. Significant predictors of CN-MMS total score were nationality and household monthly income. CONCLUSIONS The CN-MMS showed satisfactory psychometric properties. Therefore, it can be used to investigate the individual medical maximising and minimising tendencies among the general Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Pei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufan Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopei Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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