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Ansaldo AI, Masson-Trottier M, Delacourt B, Dubuc J, Dubé C. Efficacy of COMPAs, an App Designed to Support Communication Between Persons Living With Dementia in Long-Term Care Settings and Their Caregivers: Mixed Methods Implementation Study. JMIR Aging 2024; 7:e47565. [PMID: 38963691 PMCID: PMC11258517 DOI: 10.2196/47565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons living with dementia experience autonomy loss and require caregiver support on a daily basis. Dementia involves a gradual decline in communication skills, leading to fewer interactions and isolation for both people living with dementia and their caregivers, negatively impacting the quality of life for both members of the dyad. The resulting stress and burden on caregivers make them particularly susceptible to burnout. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the efficacy of Communication Proches Aidants (COMPAs), an app designed following the principles of person-centered and emotional communication, which is intended to improve well-being in persons living with dementia and caregivers and reduce caregiver burden. METHODS In this implementation study, volunteer caregivers in 2 long-term care facilities (n=17) were trained in using COMPAs and strategies to improve communication with persons living with dementia. Qualitative and quantitative analyses, semistructured interviews, and questionnaires were completed before and after 8 weeks of intervention with COMPAs. RESULTS Semistructured interviews revealed that all caregivers perceived a positive impact following COMPAs interventions, namely, improved quality of communication and quality of life among persons living with dementia and caregivers. Improved quality of life was also supported by a statistically significant reduction in the General Health Questionnaire-12 scores (caregivers who improved: 9/17, 53%; z=2.537; P=.01). COMPAs interventions were also associated with a statistically significant increased feeling of personal accomplishment (caregivers improved: 11/17, 65%; t15=2.430; P=.03; d=0.61 [medium effect size]). CONCLUSIONS COMPAs intervention improved well-being in persons living with dementia and their caregivers by developing person-centered communication within the dyad, increasing empathy, and reducing burden in caregivers although most caregivers were unfamiliar with technology. The results hold promise for COMPAs interventions in long-term care settings. Larger group-controlled studies with different populations, in different contexts, and at different stages of dementia will provide a clearer picture of the benefits of COMPAs interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Inés Ansaldo
- Laboratoire de Plasticité cérébrale, Communication et Vieillissement, Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michèle Masson-Trottier
- Laboratoire de Plasticité cérébrale, Communication et Vieillissement, Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- John Hopkins Hospital, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Barbara Delacourt
- Laboratoire de Plasticité cérébrale, Communication et Vieillissement, Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jade Dubuc
- Laboratoire de Plasticité cérébrale, Communication et Vieillissement, Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Dubé
- Laboratoire de Plasticité cérébrale, Communication et Vieillissement, Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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de Siqueira Silva Í, de Araújo AJ, Lopes RH, Silva CRDV, Xavier PB, de Figueirêdo RC, Brito EWG, Lapão LV, Martiniano CS, de Araújo Nunes VM, da Costa Uchôa SA. Digital home care interventions and quality of primary care for older adults: a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:507. [PMID: 38858634 PMCID: PMC11163791 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population aging is forcing the transformation of health care. Long-term care in the home is complex and involves complex communication with primary care services. In this scenario, the expansion of digital health has the potential to improve access to home-based primary care; however, the use of technologies can increase inequalities in access to health for an important part of the population. The aim of this study was to identify and map the uses and types of digital health interventions and their impacts on the quality of home-based primary care for older adults. METHODS This is a broad and systematized scoping review with rigorous synthesis of knowledge directed by the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, and the qualitative data were analyzed through basic qualitative content analysis, considering the organizational, relational, interpersonal and technical dimensions of care. The preliminary results were subjected to consultation with stakeholders to identify strengths and limitations, as well as potential forms of socialization. RESULTS The mapping showed the distribution of publications in 18 countries and in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. Older adults have benefited from the use of different digital health strategies; however, this review also addresses limitations and challenges, such as the need for digital literacy and technological infrastructure. In addition to the impacts of technologies on the quality of health care. CONCLUSIONS The review gathered priority themes for the equitable implementation of digital health, such as access to home caregivers and digital tools, importance of digital literacy and involvement of patients and their caregivers in health decisions and design of technologies, which must be prioritized to overcome limitations and challenges, focusing on improving quality of life, shorter hospitalization time and autonomy of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ísis de Siqueira Silva
- Postgraduate in Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Pedro Bezerra Xavier
- Postgraduate in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luís Velez Lapão
- Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Schneider C, Nißen M, Kowatsch T, Vinay R. Impact of digital assistive technologies on the quality of life for people with dementia: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080545. [PMID: 38341210 PMCID: PMC10862336 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital assistive technologies (DATs) have emerged as promising tools to support the daily life of people with dementia (PWD). Current research tends to concentrate either on specific categories of DATs or provide a generic view. Therefore, it is of essence to provide a review of different kinds of DATs and how they contribute to improving quality of life (QOL) for PWD. DESIGN Scoping review using the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and recommendations from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. DATA SOURCES Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (January 2013 to May 2023). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Completed scientific literature with a primary focus on DATs for PWD, perspectives of caregivers, family members or healthcare workers in relation to a PWD, people living in diverse settings and all severities of dementia. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Screening and data extraction were conducted, followed by quantitative and qualitative analyses using thematic analysis principles and Digital Therapeutics Alliance categories for DAT grouping. RESULTS The literature search identified 6083 records, with 1056 duplicates. After screening, 4560 full texts were excluded, yielding 122 studies of different designs. The DATs were categorised into digital therapeutics (n=109), patient monitoring (n=30), digital diagnostics (n=2), care support (n=2) and health system clinical software (n=1). These categories were identified to impact various aspects of QOL: preserving autonomy, engagement, and social interaction, health monitoring and promotion, improving activities of daily living, improving cognition, maintaining dignity, managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and safety/surveillance. CONCLUSIONS Various DATs offer extensive support, elevating the QOL of PWD. Digital therapeutics are predominantly used for ageing-in-place and independent living through assistance with daily tasks. Future research should focus on less-represented digital health technology categories, such as care support, health & wellness or software solutions. Observing ongoing DAT developments and their long-term effects on QOL remains essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Schneider
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcia Nißen
- University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kowatsch
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Technology Management, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rasita Vinay
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Schneider C, Kowatsch T, Vinay R. Impact of digital assistive technologies on the quality of life for people with dementia: protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e077017. [PMID: 38097237 PMCID: PMC10729229 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Digital assistive technologies (eg, applications, wearables and robots) have emerged as promising tools for managing various aspects of daily life, such as basic assistance, encompassing social interaction, memory support, leisure activities, location tracking and health monitoring. In order to understand how these technologies can be utilised for people living with dementia, their impacts must first be reviewed. Currently, there is limited literature available on the topic, usually only focusing on a particular kind of digital assistive technology. Therefore, this paper presents a protocol for a scoping review that aims to provide a general overview of the impact digital assistive technologies can have on the quality of life for people living with dementia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will follow the scoping review framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. A comprehensive search will be performed to identify original research articles or clinical trials published between 2013 and 2023 across five online databases (Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science). The review will encompass both qualitative and quantitative themes derived from the literature. Relevant studies will be identified through a comprehensive search using specific search terms related to the population (people with dementia), intervention (digital assistive technologies) and outcome (quality of life). The screening of titles, abstracts and full texts will be performed to select eligible studies based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data will be extracted using a standardised form, and the findings will be synthesised and reported qualitatively and quantitatively. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required because this study is a scoping review based on published data. We intend to publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Schneider
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kowatsch
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rasita Vinay
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Welch V, Ghogomu ET, Barbeau VI, Dowling S, Doyle R, Beveridge E, Boulton E, Desai P, Huang J, Elmestekawy N, Hussain T, Wadhwani A, Boutin S, Haitas N, Kneale D, Salzwedel DM, Simard R, Hébert P, Mikton C. Digital interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness in older adults: An evidence and gap map. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2023; 19:e1369. [PMID: 38024780 PMCID: PMC10681039 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Social isolation and loneliness are more common in older adults and are associated with a serious impact on their well-being, mental health, physical health, and longevity. They are a public health concern highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, hence the need for digital technology tools to enable remotely delivered interventions to alleviate the impact of social isolation and loneliness during the COVID-19 restrictions. Objectives To map available evidence on the effects of digital interventions to mitigate social isolation and/or loneliness in older adults in all settings except hospital settings. Search Methods We searched the following databases from inception to May 16, 2021, with no language restrictions. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science via Clarivate, ProQuest (all databases), International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) via ProQuest, EBSCO (all databases except CINAHL), Global Index Medicus, and Epistemonikos. Selection Criteria Titles and abstracts and full text of potentially eligible articles were independently screened in duplicate following the eligibility criteria. Data Collection and Analysis We developed and pilot tested a data extraction code set in Eppi-Reviewer and data were individually extracted and coded based on an intervention-outcome framework which was also used to define the dimensions of the evidence and gap map. Main Results We included 200 articles (103 primary studies and 97 systematic reviews) that assessed the effects of digital interventions to reduce social isolation and/or loneliness in older adults. Most of the systematic reviews (72%) were classified as critically low quality, only 2% as high quality and 25% were published since the COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence is unevenly distributed with clusters predominantly in high-income countries and none in low-income countries. The most common interventions identified are digital interventions to enhance social interactions with family and friends and the community via videoconferencing and telephone calls. Digital interventions to enhance social support, particularly socially assistive robots, and virtual pets were also common. Most interventions focused on reducing loneliness and depression and improving quality of life of older adults. Major gaps were identified in community level outcomes and process indicators. No included studies or reviews assessed affordability or digital divide although the value of accessibility and barriers caused by digital divide were discussed in three primary studies and three reviews. Adverse effects were reported in only two studies and six reviews. No study or review included participants from the LGBTQIA2S+ community and only one study restricted participants to 80 years and older. Very few described how at-risk populations were recruited or conducted any equity analysis to assess differences in effects for populations experiencing inequities across PROGRESS-Plus categories. Authors' Conclusions The restrictions placed on people during the pandemic have shone a spotlight onto social isolation and loneliness, particularly for older adults. This evidence and gap map shows available evidence on the effectiveness of digital interventions for reducing social isolation or loneliness in older adults. Although the evidence is relatively large and recent, it is unevenly distributed and there is need for more high-quality research. This map can guide researchers and funders to consider areas of major gaps as priorities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Welch
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Sierra Dowling
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | - Ella Beveridge
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Elisabeth Boulton
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social WorkUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Payaam Desai
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Jimmy Huang
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Arpana Wadhwani
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Dylan Kneale
- Social Science Research Unit, EPPI‐Centre, UCL Institute of EducationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Douglas M. Salzwedel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Paul Hébert
- Bruyère Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
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Schepens Niemiec SL, Lee E, Saunders R, Wagas R, Wu S. Technology for activity participation in older people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: expert perspectives and a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2023; 18:1555-1576. [PMID: 36067094 PMCID: PMC9986344 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2022.2116114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This two-phased study aimed to collate, summarize and characterize - through the lens of an occupation-based, person-centred framework - ongoing research and practice featuring activity participation-supportive digital health technology (DHT) for direct use by older persons with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (PwMCI/ADRD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Phase 1: Using scoping review procedures, PubMed, MEDLINE and PsycInfo were searched to identify primary research studies. Phase 2: Semi-structured interviews were completed with MCI/ADRD expert stakeholders identified through publicly available biographies and snowball referral. Thematic analysis was used to identify, synthesize and cross-compare emergent themes from both data sources that were subsequently organized into core facets of the Human Activity Assistive Technology (HAAT) model. RESULTS The scoping review resulted in 28 studies, which were primarily feasibility work with small sample sizes. Interviewed experts (N = 17) had 4+ years of MCI/ADRD experience, came from a variety of settings, and held myriad roles. Real world and research-based use of DHTs held some commonalities, particularly around support for social participation and instrumental activities of daily engagement. No DHT for sleep or work/volunteerism were noted in either phase. People with milder MCI/ADRD conditions were most often targeted users. Soft technology strategies facilitating implementation centred on product design (e.g., prompting software, customisability, multimedia/multisensory experiences), instructional methods and technology partner involvement. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that although DHT supportive of activity participation is being studied and integrated into the lives of PwMCI/ADRD, there are still key opportunities for growth to meet the needs of diverse MCI/ADRD end users.Implications for rehabilitationMainstream digital health technologies (DHTs) are being utilized by persons with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (PwMCI/ADRD) in everyday life, in limited capacities, to support social participation, leisure, health management and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).Innovative research-based technologies to be used directly by PwMCI/ADRD are under development, particularly to facilitate management of ADL, social participation and IADL in persons with mild-to-moderate forms of cognitive impairment.Soft technology strategies to support technology implementation with MCI/ADRD target users include close attention to design of the technology (e.g., customisability, sensory stimulators and prompting features), instructional strategies that promote learning and motivation and involvement of technology partners to facilitate engagement with the technology.Future studies will require more robust research designs with transparent reports of participant characteristics and facilitative instructional methods to expand DHT's potential to account for and better meet the needs of diverse MCI/ADRD communities in real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L. Schepens Niemiec
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elissa Lee
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raquel Saunders
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rafael Wagas
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shinyi Wu
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Daniel J. Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Tsertsidis A, Kolkowska E, Rapado I. Consumer direction in the field of digital technologies and people with dementia: a literature review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2023; 18:1364-1376. [PMID: 34927508 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2021.2008529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Digital technologies have a great potential to improve the quality of life of people with dementia. However, this group is usually not involved in their development and dissemination. A consumer-directed role in the delivery of digital technologies could allow this group to regain autonomy and certain independence. This article aims to conceptualise the components of the Consumer Direction theory in the context of digital technologies and people with dementia. METHOD A literature review was conducted. We searched for studies within the aforementioned context in five relevant databases, covering the years 2012-2020. Identified studies were screened and assessed for inclusion. The data were categorised using two-stage qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Forty articles were included. The results provide definitions of the four components of the Consumer Direction theory in the context of this study. Namely, what it means for people with dementia to be (1) in control of technology use, (2) offered a variety of technological options, (3) informed and supported regarding the use and training of digital technologies, and (4) actively participating in systems design. These can lead to the empowerment of people with dementia. CONCLUSION The four theoretical components of the Consumer Direction theory are conceptualised differently in the context of this study. By providing new definitions, this paper contributes to research and practice. We expect the definitions to be deployed by researchers, practitioners, and policymakers for the creation of a more consumer-directed delivery of digital technologies to people with dementia.Implications for rehabilitationDigital technologies have a great potential to improve the quality of life of people with dementia.A consumer-directed role in the delivery of digital technologies could empower people with dementia and give them the opportunity to take control over the offered services as well as maintain a degree of independence.The Consumer Direction theory and its components should be conceptualised differently in the context of digital technologies and people with dementia than in previous contexts that used the theory.The new definitions can be utilised by researchers, practitioners and policymakers for the creation of a more consumer-directed delivery of digital technologies to people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ella Kolkowska
- Department of Informatics, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Irene Rapado
- Department of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ye B, Chu CH, Bayat S, Babineau J, How TV, Mihailidis A. Researched Apps Used in Dementia Care for People Living With Dementia and Their Informal Caregivers: Systematic Review on App Features, Security, and Usability. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e46188. [PMID: 37824187 PMCID: PMC10603562 DOI: 10.2196/46188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that mobile apps have the potential to serve as nonpharmacological interventions for dementia care, improving the quality of life of people living with dementia and their informal caregivers. However, little is known about the needs for and privacy aspects of these mobile apps in dementia care. OBJECTIVE This review seeks to understand the landscape of existing mobile apps in dementia care for people living with dementia and their caregivers with respect to app features, usability testing, privacy, and security. METHODS ACM Digital Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Compendex, Embase, Inspec, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched. Studies were included if they included people with dementia living in the community, their informal caregivers, or both; focused on apps in dementia care using smartphones or tablet computers; and covered usability evaluation of the app. Records were independently screened, and 2 reviewers extracted the data. The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine critical appraisal tool and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool were used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Thematic synthesis was used, and the findings were summarized and tabulated based on each research aim. RESULTS Overall, 44 studies were included in this review, with 39 (89%) published after 2015. In total, 50 apps were included in the study, with more apps developed for people living with dementia as end users compared with caregivers. Most studies (27/44, 61%) used tablet computers. The most common app feature was cognitive stimulation. This review presented 9 app usability themes: user interface, physical considerations, screen size, interaction challenges, meeting user needs, lack of self-awareness of app needs, stigma, technological inexperience, and technical support. In total, 5 methods (questionnaires, interviews, observations, logging, and focus groups) were used to evaluate usability. There was little focus on the privacy and security aspects, including data transfer and protection, of mobile apps for people living with dementia. CONCLUSIONS The limitations of this review include 1 reviewer conducting the full-text screening, its restriction to studies published in English, and the exclusion of apps that lacked empirical usability testing. As a result, there may be an incomplete representation of the available apps in the field of dementia care. However, this review highlights significant concerns related to the usability, privacy, and security of existing mobile apps for people living with dementia and their caregivers. The findings of this review provide a valuable framework to guide app developers and researchers in the areas of privacy policy development, app development strategies, and the importance of conducting thorough usability testing for their apps. By considering these factors, future work in this field can be advanced to enhance the quality and effectiveness of dementia care apps. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020216141; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=216141. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1159/000514838.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ye
- Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charlene H Chu
- Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sayeh Bayat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Tuck-Voon How
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alex Mihailidis
- Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Tulliani N, Bye R, Bissett M, Coutts S, Liu KPY. The feasibility and acceptability of an app-based cognitive strategy training programme for older people. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:109. [PMID: 37391842 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing numbers of people are living with mild cognitive impairment in later life and seeking therapy to maintain cognition to remain as independent as possible in daily life. Based on a review of the literature, an app-based programme using perceptual-encoding strategies called Enhancing Memory in Daily Life (E-MinD Life) was developed. An expert panel reviewed the programme's appropriateness for older people with and without mild cognitive impairment. As part of the design process, the feasibility and acceptability of the E-MinD Life programme were then assessed in relation to its use by healthy older adults, with findings informing the application of the programme to older people with mild cognitive impairment in the future. METHODS Phase 1: The E-MinD Life programme was reviewed by an expert panel of occupational therapists. Experts rated the programme on a Likert scale and answered open-ended questions in relation to feasibility, clarity, and relevancy. Phase 2 involved field-testing the 9-week programme with a sample of nine healthy older people. Participants rated the acceptability of the programme on a Likert scale questionnaire. Data on recruitment rates and retention, and adherence and duration of sessions were collected to determine the feasibility of the programme. Responses to the Likert scale were analysed using descriptive statistics. Open-ended responses were categorised qualitatively using a constant comparative approach. RESULTS Phase 1: Experts indicated that the E-MinD Life programme was feasible and included relevant activities for community living. Although experts felt that an older user with mild NCD would be able to independently complete the programme, the qualitative analysis suggests formatting changes in future iterations of the programme to enhance visual clarity. Phase 2: All participants completed the 9-week programme. The average number of self-administered sessions attempted over the 9-week period was 13.44 (SD = 6.73) out of 18 scheduled sessions. Overall, most participants found the programme relevant, logical and easy to understand, and perceived it to be effective for functional cognitive problems. CONCLUSION The E-MinD Life programme shows promise for inclusion into trial designs to determine the effectiveness of the cognitive strategy programme for older people with and without cognitive impairment. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03430401. Registered 1 February 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Tulliani
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, NSW, Penrith, Australia.
| | - Rosalind Bye
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, NSW, Penrith, Australia
| | - Michelle Bissett
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, QLD, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Samantha Coutts
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, NSW, Penrith, Australia
| | - Karen P Y Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, NSW, Penrith, Australia
- Translation Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Paquet C, Whitehead J, Shah R, Adams AM, Dooley D, Spreng RN, Aunio AL, Dubé L. Social Prescription Interventions Addressing Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults: Meta-Review Integrating On-the-Ground Resources. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e40213. [PMID: 37195738 PMCID: PMC10233446 DOI: 10.2196/40213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social prescription programs represent a viable solution to linking primary care patients to nonmedical community resources for improving patient well-being. However, their success depends on the integration of patient needs with local resources. This integration could be accelerated by digital tools that use expressive ontology to organize knowledge resources, thus enabling the seamless navigation of diverse community interventions and services tailored to the needs of individual users. This infrastructure bears particular relevance for older adults, who experience a range of social needs that impact their health, including social isolation and loneliness. An essential first step in enabling knowledge mobilization and the successful implementation of social prescription initiatives to meet the social needs of older adults is to incorporate the evidence-based academic literature on what works, with on-the-ground solutions in the community. OBJECTIVE This study aims to integrate scientific evidence with on-the-ground knowledge to build a comprehensive list of intervention terms and keywords related to reducing social isolation and loneliness in older adults. METHODS A meta-review was conducted using a search strategy combining terms related to older adult population, social isolation and loneliness, and study types relevant to reviews using 5 databases. Review extraction included intervention characteristics, outcomes (social [eg, loneliness, social isolation, and social support] or mental health [eg, psychological well-being, depression, and anxiety]), and effectiveness (reported as consistent, mixed, or not supported). Terms related to identified intervention types were extracted from the reviewed literature as well as descriptions of corresponding community services in Montréal, Canada, available from web-based regional, municipal, and community data sources. RESULTS The meta-review identified 11 intervention types addressing social isolation and loneliness in older adults by either increasing social interactions, providing instrumental support, promoting mental and physical well-being, or providing home and community care. Group-based social activities, support groups with educational elements, recreational activities, and training or use of information and communication technologies were the most effective in improving outcomes. Examples of most intervention types were found in community data sources. Terms derived from the literature that were the most commonly congruent with those describing existing community services were related to telehealth, recreational activities, and psychological therapy. However, several discrepancies were observed between review-based terms and those addressing the available services. CONCLUSIONS A range of interventions found to be effective at addressing social isolation and loneliness or their impact on mental health were identified from the literature, and many of these interventions were represented in services available to older residents in Montréal, Canada. However, different terms were occasionally used to describe or categorize similar services across data sources. Establishing an efficient means of identifying and structuring such sources is important to facilitate referrals and help-seeking behaviors of older adults and for strategic planning of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Paquet
- Département de Marketing, Faculté des Sciences de l'Administration, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Jocelyne Whitehead
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rishabh Shah
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alayne Mary Adams
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Damion Dooley
- Centre for Infectious Disease Genomics and One Health, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Laurette Dubé
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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11
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Cheraghi-Sohi S, Davies K, Gordon L, Jones H, Sanders C, Ong BN. A study to explore the usefulness of a mobile health application to support people with mild cognitive and/or communication impairment due to dementia and their carers. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231173560. [PMID: 37256005 PMCID: PMC10225958 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231173560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile apps for health (mHealth) have the potential to support people living with dementia. However, dementia is a complex and progressive condition that imposes specific constraints on the introduction/use of mhealth. Few studies have explored mHealth adoption and use within the complexity of everyday domestic settings. This study used an existing App co-designed with people living with mild cognitive and communication impairment (PWMCCI) due to learning disabilities and examined the usefulness for PWMICCI due to dementia and their carers. Methods A qualitative study of people with dementia and their carers. Data were collected in a phased approach to identify the potential need for, as well as the usability and utility of the app. Analysis employed the Domestication of Technology Model (DTM) to explore, in a novel way mHealth, in this user group(s). Results Most participants did not adopt the mHealth during the study period but some (n = 2) did routinely as it fulfilled a unique, unmet need. The use of DTM highlighted the complexities of dementia, pressure on carers and duplication of effort created barriers to app adoption and use in the long term. Conclusions The ability of mHealth to support PWMCCI due to dementia and/or their carers may have potential. Users were motivated to try the technology but for any potential to be fully realised, the interplay between complexity of the condition including its progressive nature, demand on carers and nature of the technology needs to be more fully understood. Such issues place unique constraints around the size and window of opportunities for mHealth in this user group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeh Cheraghi-Sohi
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen Davies
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Huw Jones
- Maldaba Ltd, 125 Charing Cross Road, London, UK
| | - Caroline Sanders
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Bie Nio Ong
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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12
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Perez H, Miguel-Cruz A, Daum C, Comeau AK, Rutledge E, King S, Liu L. Technology Acceptance of a Mobile Application to Support Family Caregivers in a Long-Term Care Facility. Appl Clin Inform 2022; 13:1181-1193. [PMID: 36257602 PMCID: PMC9771689 DOI: 10.1055/a-1962-5583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family caregivers are unpaid individuals who provide care to people with chronic conditions or disabilities. Family caregivers generally do not have formal care-related training. However, they are an essential source of care. Mobile technologies can benefit family caregivers by strengthening communication with care staff and supporting the monitoring of care recipients. OBJECTIVE We conducted a mixed-method study to evaluate the acceptance and usability of a mobile technology called the Smart Care System. METHODS Using convenience sampling, we recruited 27 family caregivers to evaluate the mobile Smart Care System (mSCS). In the quantitative phase, we administered initial and exit questionnaires based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. In the qualitative phase, we conducted focus groups to explore family caregivers' perspectives and opinions on the usability of the mSCS. With the quantitative data, we employed univariate, bivariate, and partial least squares analyses, and we used content analysis with the qualitative data. RESULTS We observed a high level of comfort using digital technologies among participants. On average, participants were caregivers for an average of 6.08 years (standard deviation [SD] = 6.63), and their mean age was 56.65 years (SD = 11.62). We observed a high level of technology acceptance among family caregivers (7.69, SD = 2.11). Behavioral intention (β = 0.509, p-value = 0.004) and facilitating conditions (β = 0.310, p-value = 0.049) were statistically significant and related to usage behavior. In terms of qualitative results, participants reported that the mobile application supported care coordination and communication with staff and provided peace of mind to family caregivers. CONCLUSION The technology showed high technology acceptance and intention to use among family caregivers in a long-term care setting. Facilitating conditions influenced acceptance. Therefore, it would be important to identify and optimize these conditions to ensure technology uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Perez
- Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio Miguel-Cruz
- Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Glenrose Rehabilitation Research, Innovation & Technology (GRRIT) Hub, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christine Daum
- Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aidan K. Comeau
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emily Rutledge
- Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharla King
- Faculty of Education, University of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lili Liu
- Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Engelsma T, Yurt A, Dröes RM, Jaspers MWM, Peute LW. Expert appraisal and prioritization of barriers to mHealth use for older adults living with Alzheimer's disease and related Dementias: A Delphi study. Int J Med Inform 2022; 166:104845. [PMID: 35973365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older adults living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) can benefit from mHealth innovations in (daily) care. However, successful implementation and adoption of such innovations can be hindered by a lack of inclusive design. Inclusive design can be challenging, due to the variety of ADRD- and aging-related symptoms that can pose barriers to using mHealth. Previously, a literature-based model with 53 barriers to mHealth use for this population has been developed ("MHealth for OLder adults living with DEMentia - USability" or MOLDEM-US). In this study, we aim to prioritize these through a Delphi study with ADRD experts (case managers, informal caregivers, hospital healthcare professionals, district nurses, and researchers). METHODS In the first round, participant characteristics and potentially new insights into barriers to mHealth use for older adults living with ADRD were gathered. The consensus questionnaire was submitted in the second round, containing barriers to mHealth use for this population (from MOLDEM-US) with questions inquiring its impact and frequency. In the third round, participants rejudged those barriers for which no consensus (<51 %) or minor consensus (51 % - 60 %) was reached. RESULTS Thirty-seven participants completed the three rounds of the study. Consensus was reached for eleven barriers after the second round, all having major impact and frequency: integration of functions during daily activities, perceived complexity, efficiency in seeing benefits, trust in own ability, restlessness and agitation, computer literacy, self confidence in using wearables, learnability, working memory, and visual acuity. CONCLUSION After round three, consensus was achieved for all 53 barriers. Twenty-six barriers are considered to majorly affect mHealth use, most of which relate to cognition and frame of mind. This study contributes to the development of mHealth design guidelines that take into account the progressive and diverse ADRD- and aging-related symptoms negatively affecting mHealth implementation and adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Engelsma
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Human Factors Engineering of Health Information Technology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ahsen Yurt
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rose-Marie Dröes
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique W M Jaspers
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Human Factors Engineering of Health Information Technology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W Peute
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Human Factors Engineering of Health Information Technology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Su Z, Bentley BL, McDonnell D, Ahmad J, He J, Shi F, Takeuchi K, Cheshmehzangi A, da Veiga CP. 6G and Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Dementia Care: Literature Review and Practical Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e30503. [PMID: 35475733 PMCID: PMC9096635 DOI: 10.2196/30503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dementia epidemic is progressing fast. As the world’s older population keeps skyrocketing, the traditional incompetent, time-consuming, and laborious interventions are becoming increasingly insufficient to address dementia patients’ health care needs. This is particularly true amid COVID-19. Instead, efficient, cost-effective, and technology-based strategies, such as sixth-generation communication solutions (6G) and artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered health solutions, might be the key to successfully managing the dementia epidemic until a cure becomes available. However, while 6G and AI technologies hold great promise, no research has examined how 6G and AI applications can effectively and efficiently address dementia patients’ health care needs and improve their quality of life. Objective This study aims to investigate ways in which 6G and AI technologies could elevate dementia care to address this study gap. Methods A literature review was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO. The search focused on three themes: dementia, 6G, and AI technologies. The initial search was conducted on April 25, 2021, complemented by relevant articles identified via a follow-up search on November 11, 2021, and Google Scholar alerts. Results The findings of the study were analyzed in terms of the interplay between people with dementia’s unique health challenges and the promising capabilities of health technologies, with in-depth and comprehensive analyses of advanced technology-based solutions that could address key dementia care needs, ranging from impairments in memory (eg, Egocentric Live 4D Perception), speech (eg, Project Relate), motor (eg, Avatar Robot Café), cognitive (eg, Affectiva), to social interactions (eg, social robots). Conclusions To live is to grow old. Yet dementia is neither a proper way to live nor a natural aging process. By identifying advanced health solutions powered by 6G and AI opportunities, our study sheds light on the imperative of leveraging the potential of advanced technologies to elevate dementia patients’ will to live, enrich their daily activities, and help them engage in societies across shapes and forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Barry L Bentley
- Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dean McDonnell
- Department of Humanities, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Junaid Ahmad
- Prime Institute of Public Health, Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jiguang He
- Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence, Shanghai, China
| | - Kazuaki Takeuchi
- Ory Laboratory Inc, Tokyo, Japan.,Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ali Cheshmehzangi
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China.,Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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Brijnath B, Baruah U, Antoniades J, Varghese M, Cooper C, Dow B, Kent M, Loganathan S. Using digital media to improve dementia care in India: A pilot randomised control trial (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e38456. [PMID: 35653168 PMCID: PMC9204579 DOI: 10.2196/38456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Results Conclusions Trial Registration International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Upasana Baruah
- Institute of Human Behaviour & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | | | - Mathew Varghese
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Briony Dow
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Santosh Loganathan
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
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16
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A Scoping Review for Usage of Telerehabilitation among Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Cognitive Frailty. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074000. [PMID: 35409683 PMCID: PMC8997970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Older adults are vulnerable towards cognitive frailty that can lead to adverse health outcomes and telerehabilitation appears to be a potential platform to reverse cognitive frailty among older adults. The aim of this coping review is to identify the usage of telerehabilitation and its common platform of delivery among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or cognitive frailty (CF). Articles published from January 2015 until October 2020 were selected. Out of the 1738 articles retrieved, six studies were identified. Two articles were randomized controlled trials, one was a pilot study and three were qualitative studies. The outcome suggests that telerehabilitation may improve the quality of life among participants as well as it can be a useful and supportive digital platform for health care. Some types of technologies commonly used were smartphones or telephones with internet, television-based assistive integrated technology, mobile application and videoconference. Telerehabilitation utilization in managing cognitive frailty among older adults is still limited and more research is required to evaluate its feasibility and acceptability. Although telerehabilitation appears to be implemented among older adults with MCI and CF, some social support is still required to improve the adherence and effectiveness of telerehabilitation. Future research should focus on the evaluation of acceptance and participants’ existing knowledge towards telerehabilitation to achieve its target.
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17
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Wilson SA, Byrne P, Rodgers SE, Maden M. A Systematic review of smartphone and tablet use by older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Innov Aging 2022; 6:igac002. [PMID: 35243008 PMCID: PMC8889997 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives A systematic review was conducted to explore the use of smartphones and tablet computers as cognitive and memory aids by older adults with and without cognitive impairment, specifically the effects of smartphone and tablet use on participants’ cognition and memory, and the barriers and facilitators to smartphone and tablet use for cognitive and memory support. Research Design and Methods A systematic search of 6 key databases found 11,895 citations published between 2010 and 2021. Studies were included if they involved community-dwelling older adults with or without cognitive impairment arising from acquired brain injury, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia, and if they evaluated everyday smartphone or tablet device use for cognition, memory, or activities of daily living. Results A total of 28 papers were included in the narrative synthesis. There was some evidence that the use of smartphones and tablets could aid cognitive function in older adults without cognitive impairment, particularly executive function and processing speed. There was modest evidence that smartphone and tablet use could support memory in both older adults without cognitive impairment and those with acquired brain injury and dementia. Discussion and Implications Smartphones and tablets were seen by users as acceptable, enjoyable, and nonstigmatizing alternatives to conventional assistive technology devices; however, current use of smartphone and tablet devices is hindered by the digital literacy of older adults, a lack of accommodation for older adult users’ motor and sensory impairments, and a lack of input from clinicians and researchers. Much of the evidence presented in this review derives from case studies and small-scale trials of smartphone and tablet training interventions. Further research is needed into older adults’ use of smartphones and tablets for cognitive support before and after the onset of cognitive impairment in order to develop effective evidence-based smart technology cognition and memory aids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Wilson
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paula Byrne
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah E Rodgers
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michelle Maden
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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18
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Perez H, Neubauer N, Marshall S, Philip S, Miguel-Cruz A, Liu L. Barriers and Benefits of Information Communication Technologies Used by Health Care Aides. Appl Clin Inform 2022; 13:270-286. [PMID: 35263800 PMCID: PMC8906996 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although information and communication technologies (ICT) are becoming more common among health care providers, there is little evidence on how ICT can support health care aides. Health care aides, also known as personal care workers, are unlicensed service providers who encompass the second largest workforce, next to nurses, that provide care to older adults in Canada. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this literature review is to examine the range and extent of barriers and benefits of ICT used by health care workers to manage and coordinate the care-delivery workflow for their clients. METHODS We conducted a literature review to examine the range and extent of ICT used by health care aides to manage and coordinate their care delivery, workflow, and activities. We identified 8,958 studies of which 40 were included for descriptive analyses. RESULTS We distinguished the following five different purposes for the use and implementation of ICT by health care aides: (1) improve everyday work, (2) access electronic health records for home care, (3) facilitate client assessment and care planning, (4) enhance communication, and (5) provide care remotely. We identified 128 barriers and 130 benefits related to adopting ICT. Most of the barriers referred to incomplete hardware and software features, time-consuming ICT adoption, heavy or increased workloads, perceived lack of usefulness of ICT, cost or budget restrictions, security and privacy concerns, and lack of integration with technologies. The benefits for health care aides' adoption of ICT were improvements in communication, support to workflows and processes, improvements in resource planning and health care aides' services, and improvements in access to information and documentation. CONCLUSION Health care aides are an essential part of the health care system. They provide one-on-one care to their clients in everyday tasks. Despite the scarce information related to health care aides, we identified many benefits of ICT adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Perez
- School of Publich Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo (ON), Canada
| | - Noelannah Neubauer
- School of Publich Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo (ON), Canada
| | - Samantha Marshall
- School of Publich Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo (ON), Canada
| | - Serrina Philip
- School of Publich Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo (ON), Canada
| | - Antonio Miguel-Cruz
- School of Publich Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo (ON), Canada.,Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Edmonton (AB), Canada.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton (AB), Canada
| | - Lili Liu
- School of Publich Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo (ON), Canada
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19
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Aging and Women's Health: An Update from the National Institute on Aging. Clin Geriatr Med 2021; 37:533-541. [PMID: 34600720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Older women outnumber older men in the United States and may experience a range of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional challenges. The "Geriatric 5 Ms"-Multicomplexity, Mind, Mobility, Medications, and What Matters Most-provide a useful framework for understanding and addressing the health and wellness needs of older women in the clinic. The National Institute on Aging, a component of the US National Institutes of Health, supports a vibrant program of aging research with many immediately implementable findings and useful resources for the busy clinician.
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20
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Toward the Integration of Technology-Based Interventions in the Care Pathway for People with Dementia: A Cross-National Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910405. [PMID: 34639704 PMCID: PMC8508540 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of technology-based interventions into health and care provision in our aging society is still a challenge especially in the care pathway for people with dementia. OBJECTIVE The study aims to: (1) identify which socio-demographic characteristics are independently associated with the use of the embodied conversational agent among subjects with dementia, (2) uncover patient cluster profiles based on these characteristics, and (3) discuss technology-based interventions challenges. METHODS A virtual agent was used for four weeks by 55 persons with dementia living in their home environment. RESULTS Participants evaluated the agent as easy-to-use and quickly learnable. They felt confident while using the system and expressed the willingness to use it frequently. Moreover, 21/55 of the patients perceived the virtual agent as a friend and assistant who they could feel close to and who would remind them of important things. CONCLUSIONS Technology-based interventions require a significant effort, such as personalized features and patient-centered care pathways, to be effective. Therefore, this study enriches the open discussion on how such virtual agents must be evidence-based related and designed by multidisciplinary teams, following patient-centered care as well as user-centered design approaches.
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21
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Rampioni M, Stara V, Felici E, Rossi L, Paolini S. Embodied Conversational Agents for Patients With Dementia: Thematic Literature Analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e25381. [PMID: 34269686 PMCID: PMC8325086 DOI: 10.2196/25381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As the world’s population rapidly ages, the number of older adults with cognitive impairment will also increase. Several studies have identified numerous complex needs of people with dementia, which assistive technologies still fail to support. Recent trends have led to an increasing focus on the use of embodied conversational agents (ECAs) as virtual entities able to interact with a person through natural and familiar verbal and nonverbal communication. The use of ECAs could improve the accessibility and acceptance of assistive technologies matching those high-level needs that are not well covered to date. Objective The aim of this thematic literature analysis was to map current studies in the field of designing ECAs for patients with dementia in order to identify the existing research trend and possible gaps that need to be covered in the near future. The review questions in this study were as follows: (1) what research frameworks are used to study the interaction between patients with dementia and ECAs? (2) what are the findings? and (3) what are the barriers reported in these studies? Methods Separate literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases by using specific umbrella phrases to target the population (patients with dementia) and the technology-based intervention (embodied conversational agent). Studies that met the inclusion criteria were appraised through the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and then discussed in a thematic analysis. Results The search process identified 115 records from the databases and study references. After duplicates (n=45) were removed, 70 papers remained for the initial screening. A total of 7 studies were finally included in the qualitative synthesis. A thematic analysis of the reviewed studies identified major themes and subthemes: the research frameworks used to gather users’ perspectives on ECAs (theme 1), the insights shared by the 7 studies as well as the value of user involvement in the development phases and the challenge of matching the system functionalities with the users’ needs (theme 2), and the main methodological and technical problems faced by each study team (theme 3). Conclusions Our thematic literature analysis shows that the field of ECAs is novel and poorly discussed in the scientific community and that more sophisticated study designs and proofs of efficacy of the approach are required. Therefore, by analyzing the main topic of the narrative review, this study underscores the challenge of synchronizing and harmonizing knowledge, efforts, and challenges in the dementia care field and its person-centered paradigm through the user-centered design approach. Enabling strict collaboration between interdisciplinary research networks, medical scientists, technology developers, patients, and their formal and informal caregivers is still a great challenge in the field of technologies for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Rampioni
- Model of Care and New Technologies, IRCCS INRCA - National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vera Stara
- Model of Care and New Technologies, IRCCS INRCA - National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Felici
- Model of Care and New Technologies, IRCCS INRCA - National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorena Rossi
- Model of Care and New Technologies, IRCCS INRCA - National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Susy Paolini
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS INRCA - National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
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Rampioni M, Moșoi AA, Rossi L, Moraru SA, Rosenberg D, Stara V. A Qualitative Study toward Technologies for Active and Healthy Aging: A Thematic Analysis of Perspectives among Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary End Users. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147489. [PMID: 34299940 PMCID: PMC8308090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is expected that, by 2050, people aged over 60 in 65 nations will constitute 30% of the total population. Healthy aging is at the top of the world political agenda as a possible means for hindering the collapse of care systems. How can ICT/sensing technology meet older people's needs for active and healthy aging? This qualitative study carried out in Italy and Romania in 2020 involved 30 participants: older adults, caregivers, and stakeholders. Based on a user-centered design approach, this study aimed to understand which requirements of ICT/sensing technologies could match people's needs of active and healthy aging. Findings highlighted that ICT/sensing technology needs to focus on six major themes: (1) learnability, (2) security, (3) independence, empowerment, and coaching values, (4) social isolation, (5) impact of habit, culture, and education variables, and (6) personalized solutions. These themes are consistent with the Active Aging framework and the factors that influence perceived usefulness and potential benefits among older adults. Consequently, this study shows how well-known, but still unresolved, issues affect the field of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to promote active and healthy aging. This suggests that the reinforcement of the public health system, especially considering the pandemic effect, requires a concrete and formidable effort from an interdisciplinary research network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Rampioni
- IRCCS INRCA—National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, Innovative Models for Ageing Care and Technology, via S. Margherita 5, 60124 Ancona, Italy; (M.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Adrian Alexandru Moșoi
- Department of Psychology, Education and Teacher Training, Transilvania University of Brasov, B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036 Brașov, Romania;
| | - Lorena Rossi
- IRCCS INRCA—National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, Innovative Models for Ageing Care and Technology, via S. Margherita 5, 60124 Ancona, Italy; (M.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Sorin-Aurel Moraru
- Department of Automatics and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Brasov, B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (S.-A.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Dan Rosenberg
- Department of Automatics and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Brasov, B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (S.-A.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Vera Stara
- IRCCS INRCA—National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, Innovative Models for Ageing Care and Technology, via S. Margherita 5, 60124 Ancona, Italy; (M.R.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Stara V, Vera B, Bolliger D, Rossi L, Felici E, Di Rosa M, de Jong M, Paolini S. Usability and Acceptance of the Embodied Conversational Agent Anne by People With Dementia and Their Caregivers: Exploratory Study in Home Environment Settings. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e25891. [PMID: 34170256 PMCID: PMC8386369 DOI: 10.2196/25891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Information and communication technologies are tools that are able to support cognitive functions, monitor health and movements, provide reminders to maintain residual memory abilities, and promote social support, especially among patients with dementia. Among these technologies, embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are seen as screen-based entities designed to stimulate human face-to-face conversation skills, allowing for natural human-machine interaction. Unfortunately, the evidence that such agents deliver care benefits in supporting people affected by dementia and their caregivers has not yet been well studied. Therefore, research in this area is essential for the entire scientific community. Objective This study aims to evaluate the usability and acceptability of the virtual agent Anne by people living with dementia. The study is also designed to assess the ability of target users to use the system independently and receive valuable information from it. Methods We conducted a 4-week trial that involved 20 older adults living with dementia and 14 family caregivers in home environment settings in Italy. This study used a mixed methods approach, balancing quantitative and qualitative instruments to gather data from users. Telemetry data were also collected. Results Older users were particularly engaged in providing significant responses and participating in system improvements. Some of them clearly discussed how technical problems related to speech recognition had a negative impact on the intention to use, adaptiveness, usefulness, and trust. Moreover, the usability of the system achieved an encouraging score, and half of the sample recognized a role of the agent Anne. This study confirms that the quality of automatic speech recognition and synthesis is still a technical issue and has room for improvement, whereas the touch screen modality is almost stable and positively used by patients with dementia. Conclusions This study demonstrated the ability of target users to use the system independently in their home environment; overall, the involved participants shared good engagement with the system, approaching the virtual agents as a companion able to support memory and enjoyment needs. Therefore, this research provides data that sustain the use of ECAs as future eHealth systems that are able to address the basic and higher-level needs of people living with dementia. This specific field of research is novel and poorly discussed in the scientific community. This could be because of its novelty, yet there is an urgent need to strengthen data, research, and innovation to accelerate the implementation of ECAs as a future method to offer nonpharmacological support to community-dwelling people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Stara
- Model of Care and New Technologies, IRCCS INRCA - National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
| | - Benjamin Vera
- iHomeLab - University of Applied Sciences & Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bolliger
- iHomeLab - University of Applied Sciences & Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Lorena Rossi
- Model of Care and New Technologies, IRCCS INRCA - National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Felici
- Model of Care and New Technologies, IRCCS INRCA - National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mirko Di Rosa
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, IRCCS INRCA - National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michiel de Jong
- Research Group IT Innovations in Healthcare, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - Susy Paolini
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS INRCA - National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
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Luscombe N, Morgan-Trimmer S, Savage S, Allan L. Digital technologies to support people living with dementia in the care home setting to engage in meaningful occupations: protocol for a scoping review. Syst Rev 2021; 10:179. [PMID: 34148547 PMCID: PMC8214930 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with all stages of dementia should have the opportunity to participate in meaningful occupations. For those living in care homes, this may not always occur and residents may spend significant parts of the day unengaged, especially those living with more advanced dementia. Digital technologies are increasingly being used in health care and could provide opportunities for people living with dementia (PLWD) in care homes to engage in meaningful occupations and support care staff to provide these activities. With technology advancing at a rapid rate, the objective of this scoping review is to provide an up-to-date systematic map of the research on the diverse range of digital technologies that support engagement in meaningful occupations. In particular, focus will be given to barriers and facilitators to inform future intervention design and implementation strategies, which have not yet been clearly mapped across the full range of these digital technologies. METHOD A scoping review will be conducted to systematically search for published research using a comprehensive search strategy on thirteen databases. Published, peer-reviewed studies that focused on PLWD in the care home setting and assessed any form of digital technology that supported a meaningful occupation will be included. All methodologies which meet the criteria will be included. Data will be extracted and charted to report the range of digital technologies, underlying mechanisms of action, facilitators and barriers to implementation. DISCUSSION Mapping the range of technologies to support PLWD to engage in meaningful occupations will identify gaps in research. The systematic search will include a diverse range of technologies such as software to enhance care planning, tablets devices, smartphones, communication robots and social media platforms, rather than focussing on a specific design or interface. This will enable comparison between mechanisms of action, barriers and facilitators to implementation which will be useful for future research and intervention design. TRIAL REGISTRATION Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7UDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Luscombe
- The Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health (REACH), University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Sarah Morgan-Trimmer
- Institute of Health Research, College House, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Sharon Savage
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Louise Allan
- The Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health (REACH), University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
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25
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Christiansen L, Sanmartin Berglund J, Anderberg P, Cellek S, Zhang J, Lemmens E, Garolera M, Mayoral-Cleries F, Skär L. Associations Between Mobile Health Technology use and Self-rated Quality of Life: A Cross-sectional Study on Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2021; 7:23337214211018924. [PMID: 34104685 PMCID: PMC8155754 DOI: 10.1177/23337214211018924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quality of life (QoL) is affected even at early stages
in older adults with cognitive impairment. The use of mobile health (mHealth)
technology can offer support in daily life and improve the physical and mental
health of older adults. However, a clarification of how mHealth technology can
be used to support the QoL of older adults with cognitive impairment is needed.
Objective: To investigate factors affecting mHealth technology
use in relation to self-rated QoL among older adults with cognitive impairment.
Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used to analyse
mHealth technology use and QoL in 1,082 older participants. Baseline data were
used from a multi-centered randomized controlled trial including QoL, measured
by the Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease (QoL-AD) Scale, as the outcome
variable. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models.
Results: Having moderately or high technical skills in using
mHealth technology and using the internet via mHealth technology on a daily or
weekly basis was associated with good to excellent QoL in older adults with
cognitive impairment. Conclusions: The variation in technical
skills and internet use among the participants can be interpreted as an obstacle
for mHealth technology to support QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Anderberg
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden.,University of Skövde, Sweden
| | - Selim Cellek
- Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Lane, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Jufen Zhang
- Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Lane, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Evi Lemmens
- University Colleges Leuven-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Maite Garolera
- Brain, Cognition and Behavior-Clinical Research, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lisa Skär
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden
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Bayat S, Mihailidis A. Outdoor life in dementia: How predictable are people with dementia in their mobility? ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12187. [PMID: 34027017 PMCID: PMC8118112 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with dementia (PWD) often become disoriented, which increases their risk of getting lost. This article explores the extent to which we can predict future whereabouts of PWD by learning from their past mobility patterns using Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking devices. METHODS Seven older adults with dementia and eight healthy older adults completed 8 weeks of GPS data collection. We computed the probability that an appropriate algorithm can correctly predict the participant's future destinations using spatial and temporal patterns in each participant's GPS trajectories. RESULTS Relying on both spatial and temporal patterns, our results suggest that a 4-week record of mobility patterns displays 95% potential predictability across the dementia group, which is significantly higher than 92% potential predictability among the controls, t(13) = -3.39, P < .01, d = -1.75. That is, we can hope to be able to predict destinations of PWD about 95% of the time and destinations of controls about 92% of the time. DISCUSSIONS Our findings on predictability of mobility patterns among PWD offer new perspectives on predictive mobility models that can be used to locate missing persons with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeh Bayat
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Alex Mihailidis
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational TherapyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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27
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Engelsma T, Jaspers MWM, Peute LW. Considerate mHealth design for older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD): A scoping review on usability barriers and design suggestions. Int J Med Inform 2021; 152:104494. [PMID: 34015657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) is increasing worldwide. This offers ample opportunities for mobile health (mHealth) apps, for example to support them in performing daily activities or monitoring their health status. However, how to design these apps taking into consideration ADRD related barriers remains a challenge. OBJECTIVE To provide a synthesis of mHealth usability barriers of older adults with ADRD and design suggestions to enhance user-friendliness of mHealth apps. METHODS We performed a scoping review of mHealth studies focused on older adults with ADRD and: (1) usability barriers experienced, and/or (2) implementation or design suggestions. PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched. Clinical and grey literature on ADRD diminishments was explored to identify potential barriers to using mHealth. Detected usability barriers caused by ADRD impairments were mapped onto the MOLD-US framework through validation, calibration, and adaption. MOLD-US was initially developed to provide an overview of barriers influencing mHealth usability for the general aging population. RESULTS Title and abstract of 792 unique citations were scanned of which 69 were included for full text review. Fifteen studies matched inclusion criteria. In total 42 barriers were identified to influence mobile health use for older adults with ADRD. Twenty design suggestions were extracted from the studies. CONCLUSIONS The identified usability barriers were classified in five categories: cognition, perception, physical ability, frame of mind, and speech- and language. In addition, the design suggestions were categorized as evidence- or expert-based. Evidence-based design suggestions include showing limited information, repeating instructions multiple times and breaking instructions into simple steps given one at a time. This research provides a first step for further collaboration between ADRD experts and designers to support the development of effective mHealth apps with high user-friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Engelsma
- Center for Human Factors Engineering of Health Information Technology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Monique W M Jaspers
- Center for Human Factors Engineering of Health Information Technology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W Peute
- Center for Human Factors Engineering of Health Information Technology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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28
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Cajamarca G, Herskovic V, Rossel PO. Enabling Older Adults' Health Self-Management through Self-Report and Visualization-A Systematic Literature Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4348. [PMID: 32759801 PMCID: PMC7436010 DOI: 10.3390/s20154348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a progressive decline in health, resulting in increased medical care and costs. Mobile technology may facilitate health self-management, thus increasing the quality of care and reducing costs. Although the development of technology offers opportunities in monitoring the health of older adults, it is not clear whether these technologies allow older adults to manage their health data themselves. This paper presents a review of the literature on mobile health technologies for older adults, focusing on whether these technologies enable the visualization of monitored data and the self-reporting of additional information by the older adults. The systematic search considered studies published between 2009 and 2019 in five online databases. We screened 609 articles and identified 95 that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Smartphones and tablets are the most frequently reported technology for older adults to enter additional data to the one that is monitored automatically. The recorded information is displayed on the monitoring device and screens of external devices such as computers. Future designs of mobile health technology should allow older users to enter additional information and visualize data; this could enable them to understand their own data as well as improve their experience with technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cajamarca
- Department of Computer Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Valeria Herskovic
- Department of Computer Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Pedro O. Rossel
- Department of Computer Science, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile
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29
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Lai R, Tensil M, Kurz A, Lautenschlager NT, Diehl-Schmid J. Perceived Need and Acceptability of an App to Support Activities of Daily Living in People With Cognitive Impairment and Their Carers: Pilot Survey Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e16928. [PMID: 32735223 PMCID: PMC7428905 DOI: 10.2196/16928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Modern technologies, including smartphone apps, have the potential to assist people with cognitive impairment with activities of daily living, allowing them to maintain their independence and reduce carer burden. However, such tools have seen a slow rate of uptake in this population, and data on the acceptability of assistive technologies in this population are limited. Objective This pilot study included older adults with cognitive impairment and their carers, and explored the perceived needs for and acceptability of an app that was designed to be a simple assistive tool for activities of daily living. In particular, this study aimed to assess the acceptability of common app functions such as communication, reminder, navigation, and emergency tools in this population, and to compare patients’ and carers’ responses to them. Methods A total of 24 German participants with mild cognitive impairment or dementia and their family carers separately completed two short questionnaires. The first questionnaire asked the participants with cognitive impairment and their carers to self-rate the patients’ cognitive impairment levels and affinity to technology. Following a demonstration of the app, participants rated the usability and acceptability of the app and its functions in a second questionnaire. Results Participants rated themselves as much less cognitively impaired than their carers did (P=.01), and insight into the level of support they received was low. The majority of the participants (19/24, 79%) and their carers (20/24, 83%) had low affinity to technology, and even after the demonstration, 63% (15/24) of the participants had low interest in using the app. A breakdown of acceptability responses by app function revealed that participants were more amenable to the reminder function, the emergency feature, and a wearable form of the app. Features that centered around carers monitoring participants’ movements were reported to be less acceptable to participants. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of focusing on acceptability and the consumer’s perceptions in the development of assistive technology for older adults with cognitive impairment. Participants showed an aversion to functions they perceived as eroding their independence, while functions that more closely aligned with independence and autonomy were perceived as more acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda Lai
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maria Tensil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicola T Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Aged Persons Mental Health Program, North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & WA Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Guzman-Parra J, Barnestein-Fonseca P, Guerrero-Pertiñez G, Anderberg P, Jimenez-Fernandez L, Valero-Moreno E, Goodman-Casanova JM, Cuesta-Vargas A, Garolera M, Quintana M, García-Betances RI, Lemmens E, Sanmartin Berglund J, Mayoral-Cleries F. Attitudes and Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Early Stages of Dementia and Their Caregivers: Cross-Sectional Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e17253. [PMID: 32442136 PMCID: PMC7296403 DOI: 10.2196/17253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Information and communication technologies are promising tools to increase the quality of life of people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment and that of their caregivers. However, there are barriers to their use associated with sociodemographic factors and negative attitudes, as well as inadequate knowledge about technologies. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze technophilia (attitudes toward new technologies) and the use of smartphones and tablets along with associated factors in people with dementia/mild cognitive impairment and their caregivers. Methods Data from the first visit of the Support Monitoring and Reminder for Mild Dementia (SMART4MD) randomized multicenter clinical trial were used for this analysis. Data were obtained from two European countries, Spain and Sweden, and from three centers: Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (Catalonia, Spain), Servicio Andaluz de Salud (Andalusia, Spain), and the Blekinge Institute of Technology (Sweden). Participants with a score between 20 and 28 in the Mini Mental State Examination, with memory problems (for more than 6 months), and who were over the age of 55 years were included in the study, along with their caregivers. The bivariate Chi square and Mann-Whitney tests, and multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 1086 dyads were included (N=2172). Overall, 299 (27.53%) of people with dementia/mild cognitive impairment had a diagnosis of dementia. In addition, 588 (54.14%) of people with dementia/mild cognitive impairment reported using a smartphone almost every day, and 106 (9.76%) used specific apps or software to support their memory. Among the caregivers, 839 (77.26%) used smartphones and tablets almost every day, and 181 (16.67%) used specific apps or software to support their memory. The people with dementia/mild cognitive impairment showed a lower level of technophilia in comparison to that of their caregivers after adjusting for confounders (B=0.074, P=.02) with differences in technology enthusiasm (B=0.360, P<.001), but not in technology anxiety (B=–0.042, P=.37). Technophilia was associated with lower age (B=–0.009, P=.004), male gender (B=–0.160, P<.001), higher education level (P=.01), living arrangement (living with children vs single; B=–2.538, P=.01), country of residence (Sweden vs Spain; B=0.256, P<.001), lower depression (B=–0.046, P<.001), and better health status (B=0.004, P<.001) in people with dementia/mild cognitive impairment. Among caregivers, technophilia was associated with comparable sociodemographic factors (except for living arrangement), along with a lower caregiver burden (B=–0.005, P=.04) and better quality of life (B=0.348, P<.001). Conclusions Technophilia was associated with a better quality of life and sociodemographic variables in people with dementia/mild cognitive impairment and caregivers, suggesting potential barriers for technological interventions. People with dementia/mild cognitive impairment frequently use smartphones and tablets, but the use of specific apps or software to support memory is limited. Interventions using these technologies are needed to overcome barriers in this population related to sociodemographic characteristics and the lack of enthusiasm for new technologies. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03325699; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03325699
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Guzman-Parra
- Mental Health Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University Regional Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Pilar Barnestein-Fonseca
- Mental Health Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University Regional Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gloria Guerrero-Pertiñez
- Mental Health Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University Regional Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Peter Anderberg
- Department of Health, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Luis Jimenez-Fernandez
- Mental Health Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University Regional Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Esperanza Valero-Moreno
- Mental Health Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University Regional Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jessica Marian Goodman-Casanova
- Mental Health Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University Regional Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuesta-Vargas
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Maite Garolera
- Brain, Cognition and Behavior - Clinical Research, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Quintana
- Brain, Cognition and Behavior - Clinical Research, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Evi Lemmens
- University Colleges Leuven-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | | | - Fermin Mayoral-Cleries
- Mental Health Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University Regional Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Using Mobile Health and the Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life: Perceptions of Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082650. [PMID: 32294911 PMCID: PMC7215529 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Digital health technologies such as mobile health (mHealth) are considered to have the potential to support the needs of older adults with cognitive impairment. However, the evidence for improving health with the use of mHealth applications is of limited quality. Few studies have reported on the consequences of technology use concerning the older adults’ quality of life. The purpose of this study was to describe perceptions of mHealth and its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older adults with cognitive impairment. The study was conducted using a qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach. A total of 18 older participants with cognitive impairment were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed in order to apply phenomenography in a home-care context. The results showed variations in the older adults’ perceptions that were comprised within three categories of description; Require technology literacy, Maintain social interaction, and Facilitate independent living. In conclusion, the development and design of mHealth technologies need to be tailored based on older adults´ needs in order to be understood and perceived as useful in a home-care context. For mHealth to support HRQoL, healthcare should be provided in a way that encourages various forms of communication and interaction.
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