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Assessment of Factors Influencing Personal Exposure to Air Pollution on Main Roads in Bogota: A Mixed-Method Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081125. [PMID: 36013592 PMCID: PMC9416028 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Particulate Matter (PM), particles of variable but small diameter can penetrate the respiratory system via inhalation, causing respiratory and/or cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to evaluate the association of environmental particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) with respiratory health in users of different transport modes in four roads in Bogotá. Materials and Methods: this was a mixed-method study (including a cross sectional study and a qualitative description of the air quality perception), in 300 healthy participants, based on an exploratory sequential design. The respiratory effect was measured comparing the changes between pre- and post-spirometry. The PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) concentrations were measured using portable devices. Inhaled doses were also calculated for each participant according to the mode and route. Perception was approached through semi-structured interviews. The analysis included multivariate models and concurrent triangulation. Results: The concentration of matter and black carbon were greater in bus users (median 50.67 µg m-3; interquartile range (-IR): 306.7). We found greater inhaled dosages of air pollutants among bike users (16.41 µg m-3). We did not find changes in the spirometry parameter associated with air pollutants or transport modes. The participants reported a major sensory influence at the visual and olfactory level as perception of bad air quality. Conclusions: We observed greater inhaled doses among active transport users. Nevertheless, no pathological changes were identified in the spirometry parameters. People's perceptions are a preponderant element in the assessment of air quality.
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Environmental Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experience of Bogotá, 2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106350. [PMID: 35627886 PMCID: PMC9141921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
During the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, several environmental factors have influenced activities and protection policy measures in cities. This has had a major effect on climate change and global environmental catastrophe. In many countries, the strategy of closing various activities such as tourism and industrial production stopped normal life, transportation, etc. This closure has a positive impact on the environment. However, the massive use of masks and personal protection could significantly increase pollution worldwide. The impact on the environment needs to be calculated to have information for public health actions. In this study, we present a first overview of the potential impacts of COVID-19 on some environmental matrices in Bogotá, Colombia.
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Zhuang J, Bai H, Sun J, Zhang T, Li J, Chen Y, Zhang H, Sun Q. The association between fine particulate matter and acute lower respiratory infections in Yancheng City, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61723-61731. [PMID: 34184226 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rapid economic development and acceleration of industrialization, most cities in China are experiencing severe air pollution. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI). To estimate associations between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and ALRI hospitalization in Yancheng City, China. This was a 6-year time-series study from 2014 to 2019. Data on hospitalization were collected from four high-ranked general hospitals, including for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB), acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), and acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis (AEB), and the sum was termed total ALRIs. We obtained pollutant exposure data from five fixed monitoring stations. The association between PM2.5 and ALRI hospitalization was estimated using the generalized linear model with quasi-Poisson regression. Two-pollutant models were applied to test the robustness of the observed correlations. Subgroup analyses included sex, age, and season. During the study period, a total of 43,283 cases of total ALRIs were recorded. The average annual mean PM2.5 concentration was 45.4 ± 32.3 μg/m3. A 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration (lag 0) was significantly associated with increases in hospitalizations for total ALRIs (at 0.73%; 95% CI: 0.40%, 1.06%), in CAP (at 0.80%; 95% CI: 0.02%, 1.57%), in for AECOPD (1.08%; 95% CI: 0.38%, 1.78%), and AECB (0.67%; 95% CI: 0.23%, 1.11%). The estimated effects for total ALRIs and AECB were relatively robust with adjustment for other air pollutants. Associations between PM2.5 and total ALRIs were stronger in females, in the elderly, and in the cold season. PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with ALRI morbidity, and females and older people were more susceptible to PM2.5 air pollution, especially in the cold season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, No. 166 Yulong West Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224006, China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 224006, China
| | - Hongjian Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, No. 166 Yulong West Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224006, China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 224006, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, No. 166 Yulong West Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224006, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, No. 166 Yulong West Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224006, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, No. 166 Yulong West Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224006, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, No. 166 Yulong West Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224006, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, No. 166 Yulong West Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224006, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, No. 166 Yulong West Road, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224006, China.
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