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Preest E, Greenhalgh T, Farrier C, van der Westhuizen HM. Children's experiences of mask-wearing: a systemic review and narrative synthesis. J Eval Clin Pract 2024; 30:585-621. [PMID: 38534010 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Masks have been widely used as a preventative tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the use of masks by children has been controversial, with international guidelines recommending a risk-based approach to national policymakers. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES We aimed to conduct a systematic review that explores children's experiences of mask-wearing, drawing on an evidence base that describes mask-wearing in different contexts including air pollution, and to prevent the spread of infectious disease. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO in June 2021, with repeat searches in August 2022 and January 2024, for primary research studies exploring children's experiences of masks. Included studies reported on participants between 4 and 14 years (inclusive), with no restrictions on language where an English translation was available. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and reviewed full texts, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for quality appraisal and narrative synthesis to identify key findings. We also conducted stakeholder consultation (Patient and Public Involvement (PPI)) with nine children, where they submitted annotated drawings of their preferred masks to complement our review findings. RESULTS We screened 982 titles and abstracts and reviewed 94 full texts. 45 studies were included in the synthesis. Children's experiences of mask-wearing were influenced by their perceived necessity, social norms around their use and parental attitudes. Challenges related to mask-wearing were described, including difficulty reading facial expressions and physical discomfort. Children found it easier to wear masks when sitting and in cooler environments, and they benefited from unmasking during outdoor break time at school. As part of the PPI consultation, children highlighted the importance of mask design and the environmental impact of masks. CONCLUSION Children's experiences of mask-wearing were varied and context-dependent, with several mask-design challenges raised. Future policy on mask-wearing needs to consider the context in which mask-wearing would be most beneficial, and how local adaptations to policy can respond to children's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Preest
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Trisha Greenhalgh
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Farrier
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Hu Y, Yan R, Yin X, Gong E, Xin X, Gao A, Shi X, Wang J, Xue H, Feng L, Zhang J. Effectiveness of Multifaceted Strategies to Increase Influenza Vaccination Uptake: A Cluster Randomized Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e243098. [PMID: 38526493 PMCID: PMC10964116 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Influenza vaccination rates remain low among primary school students and vary by school in Beijing, China. Theory-informed, multifaceted strategies are needed to improve influenza vaccination uptake. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of multifaceted strategies in improving influenza vaccination uptake among primary school students. Design, Setting, and Participants This cluster randomized trial was conducted from September 2022 to May 2023 across primary schools in Beijing, China. Schools were allocated randomly in a 1:1 ratio to multifaceted strategies or usual practice. Schools were deemed eligible if the vaccination rates in the 2019 to 2020 season fell at or below the district-wide average for primary schools. Eligible participants included students in grades 2 and 3 with no medical contraindications for influenza vaccination. Intervention The multifaceted strategies intervention involved system-level planning and coordination (eg, developing an implementation blueprint, building social norms, and enhancing supervision), school-level training and educating school implementers (eg, conducting a 1-hour training and developing educational materials), and individual-level educating and reminding students and parents (eg, conducting educational activities and sending 4 reminders about vaccination). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were influenza vaccination uptake at school reported by school clinicians as well as overall vaccine uptake either at school or outside of school as reported by parents at 3 months. Generalized linear mixed models were used for analysis. Results A total of 20 schools were randomized. One intervention school and 2 control schools did not administer vaccination on school grounds due to COVID-19, resulting in a total of 17 schools (9 intervention and 8 control). There was a total of 1691 students aged 7 to 8 years (890 male [52.6%]; 801 female [47.4%]) including 915 in the intervention group and 776 in the control group. Of all participants, 848 (50.1%) were in grade 2, and 1209 (71.5%) were vaccinated in the 2021 to 2022 season. Participants in the intervention and control groups shared similar characteristics. At follow-up, of the 915 students in the intervention group, 679 (74.5%) received a vaccination at school, and of the 776 students in the control group, 556 (71.7%) received a vaccination at school. The overall vaccination rates were 76.0% (695 of 915 students) for the intervention group and 71.3% (553 of 776 students) for the control group. Compared with the control group, there was significant improvement of vaccination uptake at school (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.06-1.85; P = .02) and overall uptake (odds ratio, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.12-1.99; P = .01) for the intervention group. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, multifaceted strategies showed modest effectiveness in improving influenza vaccination uptake among primary school students, which provides a basis for the implementation of school-located vaccination programs of other vaccines in China, and in other countries with comparable programs. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200062449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiluan Hu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijie Yan
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Yin
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Enying Gong
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xin
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiyu Gao
- Dongcheng Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- Dongcheng Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Dongcheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Luzhao Feng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Gao ZX, Wang Y, Yan LY, Liu T, Peng LW. Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses in children during the COVID-19 epidemic in Chengdu, China. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0261423. [PMID: 38051057 PMCID: PMC10783071 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02614-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE During the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the Chinese government launched and used a series of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including banning social gatherings, wearing face masks, home isolation, and maintaining hand hygiene, to control the disease spread. Whether and how NPIs influence other respiratory viruses in children remain unclear. In this article, we analyzed relative data and found that the number of samples and positive proportion of respiratory viruses decreased significantly compared with that before the epidemic. Clinicians and public health policymakers should pay attention to changes in the epidemic trends and types of respiratory viruses and maintain monitoring of respiratory-related viruses to avoid possible abnormal rebounds and epidemic outbreaks of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xiang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling-Yi Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei-Wen Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Jiang X, Wang J, Li C, Yeoh EK, Guo Z, Wei Y, Chong KC. Impact of the surge of COVID-19 Omicron outbreak on the intention of seasonal influenza vaccination in Hong Kong: A cross-sectional study. Vaccine 2023; 41:7419-7427. [PMID: 37953098 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the intention of influenza vaccination during the Omicron pandemic of COVID-19 via a structured cross-sectional survey. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1,813 Hong Kong quota-sampled adults between March and September 2022, when Hong Kong was experiencing an outbreak of Omicron infections. Questions included self-reported medical and vaccination history, and perceptions and intention of influenza vaccine. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify significant factors associated with the vaccination intention. RESULTS Of the 1,813 participants, 25.8% (95% CI: 23.8%-27.8%) perceived positive impact of COVID-19 pandemic on their influenza vaccine willingness, which was more than two times the proportion of those who feel less likely to take influenza vaccine (11.5%, 95% CI: 10.1%-13.1%). Compared with males, females were less likely to receive influenza vaccine for 2022-23 influenza seasons (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.52-0.95, p = 0.023) and had less impact on their influenza vaccine willingness (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.99, p = 0.043). Participants older than 60 years old were related to a less positive impact compared with the youngers (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30-0.93, p = 0.028). Participants with experience of influenza vaccine uptake also showed a higher intention of seasonal influenza vaccination. CONCLUSION The public intention of influenza vaccine has been raised in Hong Kong. With the identified subgroups (e.g., female and elderly) and reasons for being reluctant to the influenza vaccination, policy makers should rectify common misperceptions in order to increase influenza vaccination coverage at the post COVID-19 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Jiang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Conglu Li
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Eng Kiong Yeoh
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zihao Guo
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yuchen Wei
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ka Chun Chong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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Zhou X, Song S, Zhang Y, Hou Z. Deep Learning Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Confidence Expressed on Twitter in 6 High-Income Countries: Longitudinal Observational Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e49753. [PMID: 37930788 PMCID: PMC10629504 DOI: 10.2196/49753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An ongoing monitoring of national and subnational trajectory of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy could offer support in designing tailored policies on improving vaccine uptake. OBJECTIVE We aim to track the temporal and spatial distribution of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence expressed on Twitter during the entire pandemic period in major English-speaking countries. METHODS We collected 5,257,385 English-language tweets regarding COVID-19 vaccination between January 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022, in 6 countries-the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Ireland. Transformer-based deep learning models were developed to classify each tweet as intent to accept or reject COVID-19 vaccination and the belief that COVID-19 vaccine is effective or unsafe. Sociodemographic factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence in the United States were analyzed using bivariate and multivariable linear regressions. RESULTS The 6 countries experienced similar evolving trends of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence. On average, the prevalence of intent to accept COVID-19 vaccination decreased from 71.38% of 44,944 tweets in March 2020 to 34.85% of 48,167 tweets in June 2022 with fluctuations. The prevalence of believing COVID-19 vaccines to be unsafe continuously rose by 7.49 times from March 2020 (2.84% of 44,944 tweets) to June 2022 (21.27% of 48,167 tweets). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence varied by country, vaccine manufacturer, and states within a country. The democrat party and higher vaccine confidence were significantly associated with lower vaccine hesitancy across US states. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence evolved and were influenced by the development of vaccines and viruses during the pandemic. Large-scale self-generated discourses on social media and deep learning models provide a cost-efficient approach to monitoring routine vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Global Health Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Suhang Song
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Global Health Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Global Health Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mohd Ujang IR, Hamidi N, Ab Hamid J, Awang S, Zulkifli NW, Supadi R, Mohamed NE, Sooryanarayana R. The COVID-19 pandemic and disruptions to maternal and child health services in public primary care Malaysia: a retrospective time-series analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e013397. [PMID: 37949498 PMCID: PMC10649372 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Maintaining essential health services, including maternal and child health (MCH), while addressing the pandemic is an enormous task. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilisation of MCH services in Malaysian public primary care. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted using national administrative data from 1124 public primary care clinics. Eight indicators were selected to measure service utilisation covering antenatal, postnatal, women's health, child health, and immunisation services. Interrupted time-series analysis was used to evaluate changes in levels and trends of indicators during four different periods: pre-pandemic (January 2019-February 2020), during pandemic and first lockdown (March-May 2020), after the first lockdown was lifted (June-December 2020) and after the second lockdown was implemented (January-June 2021). RESULTS Most indicators showed no significant trend in monthly utilisation prior to the pandemic. The onset of the pandemic and first lockdown implementation were associated with significant decreasing trends in child health (-19.23%), women's health (-10.12%), antenatal care (-8.10%), contraception (-6.50%), postnatal care (-4.85%) and postnatal care 1-week (-3.52%) indicators. These indicators showed varying degrees of recovery after the first lockdown was lifted. The implementation of the second lockdown caused transient reduction ranging from -11.29% to -25.92% in women's health, contraception, child and two postnatal indicators, but no sustained reducing trend was seen afterwards. Two immunisation indicators appeared unaffected throughout the study period. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted MCH services utilisation in Malaysia. While most MCH services were negatively affected by the lockdown implementation with varying degrees of recovery, infant immunisation showed resilience throughout. This highlights the need for a targeted preparedness plan to ensure the resilience of MCH services in future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzatur Rahmi Mohd Ujang
- Centre for Healthcare Quality Research, Institute for Health Systems Research, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Normaizira Hamidi
- Centre for Healthcare Quality Research, Institute for Health Systems Research, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Jabrullah Ab Hamid
- Centre for Health Equity Research, Institute for Health Systems Research, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Samsiah Awang
- Centre for Healthcare Quality Research, Institute for Health Systems Research, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Roslina Supadi
- Centre for Healthcare Quality Research, Institute for Health Systems Research, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nur Ezdiani Mohamed
- Centre for Healthcare Quality Research, Institute for Health Systems Research, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Rajini Sooryanarayana
- Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
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Porreca A, Di Nicola M. Flu vaccination coverage in Italy in the COVID-19 era: A fuzzy functional k-means (FFKM) approach. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1742-1749. [PMID: 37738690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Europe, flu vaccination coverage has decreased, and there are complex barriers to overcome to vaccinate against flu. Many studies have been conducted to estimate vaccination coverage. The COVID-19 pandemic threatens to disrupt immunization programs in many countries, including Italy, where vaccination against the flu is recommended but not mandatory. This paper aims to understand changes in flu vaccine uptake in Italian regions. METHODS Using functional data analysis and fuzzy functional k-means clustering, we investigated changes in flu vaccine coverage in Italian regions before (2010-2019) and after (2020-2022) the COVID-19 vaccination period. RESULTS The period of COVID-19 pandemic brought an increase in vaccine coverage globally. Elbow's method determined that the optimal number of clusters in vaccination uptake is 2. Apulia, Basilicata, Emilia Romagna, Liguria, Molise, Tuscany, and Umbria in 2019 belong less to the group with low flu vaccination uptake (G1) but increase their tendency to belong to this group over time: they decrease their propensity to be vaccinated for flu. For others, it seems that COVID-19 served as a push to increase flu vaccination coverage rates. Sicily appears to be the region that has responded best to the pandemic, changing its membership value from 2019 to 2022. CONCLUSION The present study highlights that the COVID-19 era has resulted in a higher flu vaccination coverage rate. Moreover, the regional level's improvement or worsening in flu vaccination coverage rate is not affected by the historical gap and socio-cultural and economic differences prevailing among Italian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Porreca
- Department Of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department Of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti, Italy
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CONTARINO FABIO, DI PIETRO ERMINIO, RANDAZZO CONCETTA, BELLA FRANCESCA, CONTRINO MARIALIA. Effectiveness of a vaccine recovery plan after the COVID-19 pandemic in the Siracusa Local Health Authority, Italy. Results of one year follow-up. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2023; 64:E289-E297. [PMID: 38125998 PMCID: PMC10730062 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly impacted on the immunization services around the world, threatening the gains made in the control of vaccine-preventable diseases. Methods A vaccination recovery plan of missed vaccinations has been put in place in the LHA of Siracusa after the pandemic. We compared 2021 and 2020 vaccination coverage by age group and vaccine type after one year of follow-up of the recovery plan. The Chi-square test was executed on proportions for the years 2021 vs 2020. Results were considered statistically significant at a two-tailed p-value ≤ 0.05. Results 36-month coverage rates were 92.5% for polio and 93.7% for measles-containing-vaccine, representing -0.3% and -1.8% decreases, respectively, as compared to 2020. By 8 years of age (booster doses), immunisation coverage was 80.7% for polio and 80.1% for measles, representing a -5.7% and -3.7%, respectively, compared to 2020. 36-month coverage was 56.6% for Men B (-5.0% as compared to 2020), 73.2% for Men ACW135Y/C (+1.1% as compared to 2020) and 86.9% for PNC vaccine (-1.7%, as compared to 2020). Regarding HPV vaccination, in 2021, vaccine coverage was 44.2% (-4.4% compared to 2020). Compared to the previous report, the VC difference among the cohorts narrowed for all almost vaccinations, except for the anti-men B and the anti-HPV vaccination, for which we recorded an increase in VC difference, and for men ACW135Y/C, for which a significant increase has been recorded. Conclusions Despite the efforts to organize and realize an extensive and well-designed vaccination recovery, our data show that even after the 1-year follow-up, globally deficits in coverage for these routine vaccinations persist, although there has been a substantial and significant recovery of missed vaccinations, especially among younger children and for primary cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- FABIO CONTARINO
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology Unit,
Provincial Health Authority of Siracusa,
Italy
| | - ERMINIO DI PIETRO
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology Unit,
Provincial Health Authority of Siracusa,
Italy
| | - CONCETTA RANDAZZO
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology Unit,
Provincial Health Authority of Siracusa,
Italy
| | - FRANCESCA BELLA
- Siracusa Cancer Registry, Provincial Health Authority of
Siracusa, Italy
| | - MARIA LIA CONTRINO
- Head of Department of Public Health,
Provincial Health Authority of Siracusa,
Italy
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Song S, Calhoun BH, Kucik JE, Konnyu KJ, Hilson R. Exploring the association of paid sick leave with healthcare utilization and health outcomes in the United States: a rapid evidence review. GLOBAL HEALTH JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.glohj.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Zhu L, Luo T, Yuan Y, Yang S, Niu C, Gong T, Wang X, Xie X, Luo J, Liu E, Fu Z, Tian D. Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses in hospitalized children during the COVID-19 pandemic in southwestern China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1142199. [PMID: 37153160 PMCID: PMC10157792 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1142199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multinational studies have reported that the implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to control severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission coincided with the decline of other respiratory viruses, such as influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus. Objective To investigate the prevalence of common respiratory viruses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods Respiratory specimens of children with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) hospitalized at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 were collected. Seven common pathogens, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), influenza virus A and B (Flu A, Flu B), and parainfluenza virus types 1-3 (PIV1-3), were detected by a multiplex direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA). Demographic data and laboratory test results were analyzed. Results 1) A total of 31,113 children with LRTIs were enrolled, including 8141 in 2018, 8681 in 2019, 6252 in 2020, and 8059 in 2021.The overall detection rates decreased in 2020 and 2021 (P < 0.001). The detection rates of RSV, ADV, Flu A, PIV-1, and PIV-3 decreased when NPIs were active from February to August 2020, with Flu A decreasing most predominantly, from 2.7% to 0.3% (P < 0.05). The detection rates of RSV and PIV-1 resurged and even surpassed the historical level of 2018-2019, while Flu A continued decreasing when NPIs were lifted (P < 0.05). 2) Seasonal patterns of Flu A completely disappeared in 2020 and 2021. The Flu B epidemic was observed until October 2021 after a long period of low detection in 2020. RSV decreased sharply after January 2020 and stayed in a nearly dormant state during the next seven months. Nevertheless, the detection rates of RSV were abnormally higher than 10% in the summer of 2021. PIV-3 decreased significantly after the COVID-19 pandemic; however, it atypically surged from August to November 2020. Conclusion The NPIs implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the prevalence and seasonal patterns of certain viruses such as RSV, PIV-3, and influenza viruses. We recommend continuous surveillance of the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of multiple respiratory pathogens, especially when NPIs are no longer necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yining Yuan
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Yang
- College of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueer Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Enmei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daiyin Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Daiyin Tian,
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11
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Parental Willingness and Associated Factors of Pediatric Vaccination in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091453. [PMID: 36146530 PMCID: PMC9506252 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant decline in pediatric vaccination uptake due to the COVID-19 pandemic has been documented. Little is known about the parental willingness and associated factors of pediatric vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. An extensive literature search in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost were conducted. A total of 20 eligible studies published from 2020–2022 were included for systematic summary by a thematic analysis, among which 12 studies were included in a meta-analysis conducted with R-4.2.1. The prevalence of parental willingness to childhood/routine vaccination and seasonal influenza vaccination was 58.6% (95%CI 2.8–98.6%) and 47.3% (95%CI 25.3–70.5%). Moreover, there is no sufficient evidence of significant change in parental willingness to childhood/routine vaccination, human papillomavirus vaccination, or pneumococcal conjugate vaccination during the pandemic. However, a significant increase in parental willingness to vaccinate their children against seasonal influenza was found. In addition to the factors of parental vaccination willingness/hesitancy that are well-studied in literature, children/parents’ history of COVID-19 and children’s perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 were associated with parental willingness. Developing synergetic strategies to promote COVID-19 vaccination together with other pediatric vaccination is warranted during the pandemic. This may help to improve and/or catch up the vaccine uptake of children during and/or after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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12
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The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Inequity in Routine Childhood Vaccination Coverage: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071013. [PMID: 35891177 PMCID: PMC9321080 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Routine childhood vaccination coverage rates fell in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the impact of inequity on coverage is unknown. Methods: We synthesised evidence on inequities in routine childhood vaccination coverage (PROSPERO, CRD 42021257431). Studies reporting empirical data on routine vaccination coverage in children 0–18 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic by equity stratifiers were systematically reviewed. Nine electronic databases were searched between 1 January 2020 and 18 January 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Tool for Cohort Studies. Overall, 91 of 1453 studies were selected for full paper review, and thirteen met the inclusion criteria. Results: The narrative synthesis found moderate evidence for inequity in reducing the vaccination coverage of children during COVID-19 lockdowns and moderately strong evidence for an increase in inequity compared with pre-pandemic months (before March 2020). Two studies reported higher rates of inequity among children aged less than one year, and one showed higher inequity rates in middle- compared with high-income countries. Conclusions: Evidence from a limited number of studies shows the effect of the pandemic on vaccine coverage inequity. Research from more countries is required to assess the global effect on inequity in coverage.
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13
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Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Influenza Vaccination Intention: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040606. [PMID: 35455354 PMCID: PMC9026798 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poorer outcomes have been reported with COVID-19 and influenza coinfections. As the COVID-19 pandemic rages on, protection against influenza by vaccination is becoming increasingly important. This study examines how COVID-19 has influenced influenza vaccination intentions from a global perspective. A literature search was conducted on Embase, PubMed, and CNKI from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021 for articles reporting rates of influenza vaccination pre-COVID-19 (19/20 season), and intention and/or uptake of influenza vaccination post-COVID-19 (20/21 season). The changes in vaccination intention and reasons for changes were reported. Subgroup analyses were performed by region, gender, age, and occupation. Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of the articles. Twenty-seven studies with 39,193 participants were included. Among 22 studies reporting intention to vaccinate in 20/21, there was increased intention to vaccinate (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.32−1.69, p < 0.001) regardless of age, gender, and occupation. The remaining five studies reporting vaccination intention and uptake in 20/21 showed a similar increase (RR 1.68, 95%CI 1.20−2.36). Important determinants include historical vaccine acceptance, and perception of influenza severity and vaccine safety. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased intention to vaccinate against influenza internationally. The pandemic could be a window of opportunity to promote influenza vaccination and decrease vaccine hesitancy.
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14
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Song S, Zang S, Gong L, Xu C, Lin L, Francis MR, Hou Z. Willingness and uptake of the COVID-19 testing and vaccination in urban China during the low-risk period: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:556. [PMID: 35313843 PMCID: PMC8935604 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular testing and vaccination are effective measures to mitigate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence on the willingness and uptake of the COVID-19 testing is scarce, and the willingness and uptake of vaccination may change as the pandemic evolves. This study aims to examine willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing and vaccination during a low-risk period of the COVID-19 pandemic in urban China. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 2244 adults in urban China. Descriptive analyses were performed to compare the respondents' willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing and vaccination. Multivariate logistic regressions were fitted to investigate factors associated with the willingness and uptake of the two measures. RESULTS In early 2021, about half (52.45%) of the respondents had received or scheduled a COVID-19 test at least once, and a majority (95.63%) of the respondents were willing to receive testing. About two-thirds (63.28%) of the respondents had received/scheduled or were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing were not associated with socio-demographic characteristics, except for occupation. Being of older age, migrants, having higher educational attainment and secure employment were associated with a higher uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among the surveyed respondents, while willingness to vaccinate was consistent across socio-demographic characteristics among those who had not been vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS By early 2021, Chinese adults expressed almost universal willingness of COVID-19 testing and over half of adults have been tested, while the willingness and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination were relatively low at the low-risk period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Maintaining willingness of COVID-19 vaccination is critical and necessary, especially when the pandemic evolved into a low-risk period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhang Song
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shujie Zang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liubing Gong
- Chizhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Chizhou, Anhui province, China
| | - Cuilin Xu
- Yuhuatai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Leesa Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mark R Francis
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Zhiyuan Hou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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SeyedAlinaghi S, Karimi A, Mojdeganlou H, Alilou S, Mirghaderi SP, Noori T, Shamsabadi A, Dadras O, Vahedi F, Mohammadi P, Shojaei A, Mahdiabadi S, Janfaza N, Keshavarzpoor Lonbar A, Mehraeen E, Sabatier J. Impact of
COVID
‐19 pandemic on routine vaccination coverage of children and adolescents: A systematic review. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e00516. [PMID: 35224217 PMCID: PMC8855492 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Scientists and healthcare workers have expressed their concerns on the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on vaccination coverage in children and adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the studies addressing this issue worldwide. Methods We conducted a systematic search of relevant studies using the keywords on databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane on May 22, 2021. The identified records were imported into EndNote software and underwent a two‐phase screening process consisting of title/abstract and full‐text screenings against inclusion criteria. The data of the included studies were summarized into a table and the findings were analyzed in a systematic approach. Results From 26 eligible studies, 21 studies demonstrated decreased vaccination rates in the children during the COVID‐19 pandemic, while three studies found increased or no significant changes only in influenza vaccination. The two remaining studies from Brazil and Sweden also showed no significant changes in vaccination rates in the children during the pandemic. Conclusion Most of the reports worldwide reported a decline or delay in vaccination at the time of the COVID‐19 pandemic. A sustained catch‐up program seems to be necessary, especially in low‐income countries, to avoid any vaccine dose missing. Facilitating the vaccination process is recommended, such as decreasing the waiting time for vaccination at the health center, addressing the fear and concerns related to COVID infection for parents, and enhancing vaccine availability, and promoting access in remote areas. Countries should ensure proper vaccination to prevent future pandemics related to vaccine‐preventable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High‐Risk Behaviors Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Amirali Karimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Sanam Alilou
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Tayebeh Noori
- Department of Health Information Technology Zabol University of Medical Sciences Zabol Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Shamsabadi
- Department of Health Information Technology Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences Esfarayen Iran
| | - Omid Dadras
- School of Public Health Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand
| | - Farzin Vahedi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Parsa Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Shojaei
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High‐Risk Behaviors Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sara Mahdiabadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Nazanin Janfaza
- Internal Medicine Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information Technology Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences Khalkhal Iran
| | - Jean‐Marc Sabatier
- Université Aix‐Marseille, Institut de Neuro‐physiopathologie (INP) Marseille Cedex France
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16
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Parental Preferences of Influenza Vaccination for Children in China: A National Survey with a Discrete Choice Experiment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042145. [PMID: 35206343 PMCID: PMC8871809 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The influenza vaccination coverage among children is low in China. We aimed to conduct a nationwide survey to quantify parental preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for influenza vaccination for their children. Parents with children aged six months to 18 years from six provinces in China were investigated by a discrete choice experiment regarding six influenza vaccination attributes. Mixed logit models were used to estimate the relative importance of vaccine attributes and parents’ WTP. Interaction analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore preference heterogeneity. A total of 1206 parents were included in the analysis. Parents reported vaccine effectiveness as the most important vaccine attribute. The mode of vaccine administration had no significant impact on parents’ preferences. Parents aged over 30 years with higher education or income levels were more likely to prefer no influenza vaccination for their children. The largest marginal WTP (CNY 802.57) for vaccination and the largest increase in vaccine uptake (41.85%) occurred with improved vaccine effectiveness from 30% to 80%. Parents from central regions or mid-latitude areas had a relatively lower WTP than those from other regions. No significant difference in the relative importance of vaccine attributes were observed among parents from various regions of China.
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17
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Impact of information framing and vaccination characteristics on parental COVID-19 vaccine acceptance for children: a discrete choice experiment. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:3839-3849. [PMID: 36056176 PMCID: PMC9439717 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to test the influence of vaccination characteristics and gain/loss-framing of information, on parental acceptance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination for their minor children. A discrete choice experiment was conducted among parents of children aged 0-17 years from September to October 2021 in Hong Kong. Respondents were randomly assigned to four groups with different framing of information and asked to choose hypothetical vaccination alternatives, described by seven attributes that were derived from prior qualitative interviews. A mixed logit model was adopted to analyze the effect of attributes and information framing on parental vaccination acceptance. The vaccine acceptance rates under different scenarios were also estimated. A total of 298 valid responses were obtained. It was found that the BioNTech brand, higher efficacy, less serious adverse events and more vaccination coverage in children significantly improved parental acceptance. Additionally, loss-framing increased parental acceptance compared with gain-framing, while the presentation of mortality information did not make a difference. Acceptance was also associated with parental uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine and the children's age. CONCLUSION The findings imply that factors including gain/loss information framing, importance of vaccine characteristics, and peer influence have a significant effect on parents' decisions to get their children vaccinated. Parents with younger children had greater vaccine hesitancy, and information framing techniques should be considered in vaccination promotion for combating such vaccine hesitancy. Future studies could be conducted to identify the moderators and mediators of information framing to facilitate its implementation. WHAT IS KNOWN • Parental acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine was found to be associated with various socio-economic and psychosocial factors, while the evidence on impact of vaccination characteristics was limited. • Behavioral interventions, including information framing, have been used to promote various health behaviors. WHAT IS NEW • Loss-framing of information on vaccine effectiveness improves vaccine acceptance, while additional information on how the vaccine reduces death does not make a difference, which can be used to inform communication with the public in vaccination promotion. • The social norm (i.e., the vaccine uptake amongst other people) is important for increasing the parental vaccine acceptance rate.
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18
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Li ZJ, Yu LJ, Zhang HY, Shan CX, Lu QB, Zhang XA, Ren X, Zhang CH, Wang YF, Lin SH, Xu Q, Jiang BG, Jiang T, Lv CL, Chen JJ, Gao GF, Yang WZ, Wang LP, Yang Y, Fang LQ, Liu W. Broad Impacts of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Acute Respiratory Infections in China: An Observational Study. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 75:e1054-e1062. [PMID: 34788811 PMCID: PMC8767888 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented worldwide, which impacted a broad spectrum of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). METHODS Etiologically diagnostic data from 142 559 cases with ARIs, who were tested for 8 viral pathogens (influenza virus [IFV], respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], human parainfluenza virus [HPIV], human adenovirus [HAdV], human metapneumovirus [HMPV], human coronavirus [HCoV], human bocavirus [HBoV], and human rhinovirus [HRV]) between 2012 and 2021, were analyzed to assess the changes in respiratory infections in China during the first COVID-19 pandemic year compared with pre-pandemic years. RESULTS Test-positive rates of all respiratory viruses decreased during 2020, compared to the average levels during 2012-2019, with changes ranging from -17.2% for RSV to -87.6% for IFV. Sharp decreases mostly occurred between February and August when massive NPIs remained active, although HRV rebounded to the historical level during the summer. While IFV and HMPV were consistently suppressed year-round, RSV, HPIV, HCoV, HRV, and HBoV resurged and went beyond historical levels during September 2020-January 2021, after NPIs were largely relaxed and schools reopened. Resurgence was more prominent among children <18 years and in northern China. These observations remain valid after accounting for seasonality and long-term trend of each virus. CONCLUSIONS Activities of respiratory viral infections were reduced substantially in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, and massive NPIs were likely the main driver. Lifting of NPIs can lead to resurgence of viral infections, particularly in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jie Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China,Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Central Theater Command, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Xi Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cui-Hong Zhang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Hong Lin
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Gui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Long Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - George F Gao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China,Correspondence author: Dr. Wei Liu, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, P. R. China,
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19
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Salawati E, Alwafi H, Samannodi M, Minshawi F, Gari A, Abualnaja S, Almatrafi MA. Parents' Willingness to Vaccinate Their Children Against Seasonal Influenza After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Survey. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:2821-2835. [PMID: 34938071 PMCID: PMC8687681 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s342135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on caregivers' willingness to vaccinate their children against influenza in 2021 in Saudi Arabia and the factors influencing this decision. PATIENTS AND METHODS An online survey of 2501 caregivers in Saudi Arabia with children aged 6 months-18 years was conducted between July 15, 2021, and August 2, 2021. A convenience sample of participants that met the inclusion criteria was used as the study sample. Social Science Package Statistical (SPSS) was used for the statistical analysis. Categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages. The Chi-square test was used for categorical variables to assess the difference between the variables and the parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against seasonal influenza after the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Of the 2501 respondents to the survey, 1185 (47.3%) parents plan to give their children the influenza vaccine next year, which is an increase from 745 (29.8%) in the previous year. The following were the main reasons for not giving children the vaccine: children were less likely to get seasonal flu (617, 24.7%), fear of side effects (491, 19.6%), and fear of needles and syringes (484, 19.4%). Among the parents, 1222 (48.9%) were more likely to receive the seasonal flu vaccine themselves the following year, and 1361 (54.4%), which is more than half, were concerned about their children contracting seasonal influenza. CONCLUSION Parents' decision-making to vaccinate their children against seasonal influenza has been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous factors including a caregiver who had received the seasonal influenza vaccine themselves, who had vaccinated or planned to vaccinate their children during the previous or current seasonal influenza season, and/or who had a higher education level were associated with increased willingness to receive the flu vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Salawati
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Emad Salawati Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi ArabiaTel +966560058585Fax +966126400855 Email
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Samannodi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Gari
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Abualnaja
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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