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Rabiei R, Bastani P, Ahmadi H, Dehghan S, Almasi S. Developing public health surveillance dashboards: a scoping review on the design principles. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:392. [PMID: 38321469 PMCID: PMC10848508 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public Health Dashboards (PHDs) facilitate the monitoring and prediction of disease outbreaks by continuously monitoring the health status of the community. This study aimed to identify design principles and determinants for developing public health surveillance dashboards. METHODOLOGY This scoping review is based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework as included in JBI guidance. Four databases were used to review and present the proposed principles of designing PHDs: IEEE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. We considered articles published between January 1, 2010 and November 30, 2022. The final search of articles was done on November 30, 2022. Only articles in the English language were included. Qualitative synthesis and trend analysis were conducted. RESULTS Findings from sixty-seven articles out of 543 retrieved articles, which were eligible for analysis, indicate that most of the dashboards designed from 2020 onwards were at the national level for managing and monitoring COVID-19. Design principles for the public health dashboard were presented in five groups, i.e., considering aim and target users, appropriate content, interface, data analysis and presentation types, and infrastructure. CONCLUSION Effective and efficient use of dashboards in public health surveillance requires implementing design principles to improve the functionality of these systems in monitoring and decision-making. Considering user requirements, developing a robust infrastructure for improving data accessibility, developing, and applying Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for data processing and reporting purposes, and designing interactive and intuitive interfaces are key for successful design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rabiei
- Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peivand Bastani
- College of Business, Government and Law, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Hossein Ahmadi
- Centre for Health Technology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Shirin Dehghan
- Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohrab Almasi
- Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Sinclair AH, Taylor MK, Brandel-Tanis F, Davidson A, Chande AT, Rishishwar L, Andris C, Adcock RA, Weitz JS, Samanez-Larkin GR, Beckett SJ. Communicating COVID-19 exposure risk with an interactive website counteracts risk misestimation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290708. [PMID: 37796971 PMCID: PMC10553796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals depended on risk information to make decisions about everyday behaviors and public policy. Here, we assessed whether an interactive website influenced individuals' risk tolerance to support public health goals. We collected data from 11,169 unique users who engaged with the online COVID-19 Event Risk Tool (https://covid19risk.biosci.gatech.edu/) between 9/22/21 and 1/22/22. The website featured interactive elements, including a dynamic risk map, survey questions, and a risk quiz with accuracy feedback. After learning about the risk of COVID-19 exposure, participants reported being less willing to participate in events that could spread COVID-19, especially for high-risk large events. We also uncovered a bias in risk estimation: Participants tended to overestimate the risk of small events but underestimate the risk of large events. Importantly, even participants who voluntarily sought information about COVID risks tended to misestimate exposure risk, demonstrating the need for intervention. Participants from liberal-leaning counties were more likely to use the website tools and more responsive to feedback about risk misestimation, indicating that political partisanship influences how individuals seek and engage with COVID-19 information. Lastly, we explored temporal dynamics and found that user engagement and risk estimation fluctuated over the course of the Omicron variant outbreak. Overall, we report an effective large-scale method for communicating viral exposure risk; our findings are relevant to broader research on risk communication, epidemiological modeling, and risky decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa H. Sinclair
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Morgan K. Taylor
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Freyja Brandel-Tanis
- School of City and Regional Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Audra Davidson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Aroon T. Chande
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Lavanya Rishishwar
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Clio Andris
- School of City and Regional Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - R. Alison Adcock
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Joshua S. Weitz
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Institut de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | | | - Stephen J. Beckett
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Walia K, Mendelson M, Kang G, Venkatasubramanian R, Sinha R, Vijay S, Veeraraghavan B, Basnyat B, Rodrigues C, Bansal N, Ray P, Mathur P, Gopalakrishnan R, Ohri VC. How can lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic enhance antimicrobial resistance surveillance and stewardship? THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:e301-e309. [PMID: 37290476 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 demanded urgent and immediate global attention, during which other public health crises such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) increased silently, undermining patient safety and the life-saving ability of several antimicrobials. In 2019, WHO declared AMR a top ten global public health threat facing humanity, with misuse and overuse of antimicrobials as the main drivers in the development of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. AMR is steadily on the rise, especially in low-income and middle-income countries across south Asia, South America, and Africa. Extraordinary circumstances often demand an extraordinary response as did the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring the fragility of health systems across the world and forcing governments and global agencies to think creatively. The key strategies that helped to contain the increasing SARS-CoV-2 infections included a focus on centralised governance with localised implementation, evidence-based risk communication and community engagement, use of technological methods for tracking and accountability, extensive expansion of access to diagnostics, and a global adult vaccination programme. The extensive and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials to treat patients, particularly in the early phase of the pandemic, have adversely affected AMR stewardship practices. However, there were important lessons learnt during the pandemic, which can be leveraged to strengthen surveillance and stewardship, and revitalise efforts to address the AMR crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Walia
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Marc Mendelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gagandeep Kang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Rina Sinha
- World Health Organization, Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Vijay
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Buddha Basnyat
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Camilla Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, PD Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Purva Mathur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vinod C Ohri
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India
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4
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Sobkowich KE, Berke O, Bernardo TM, Pearl DL, Kozak P. Development and assessment of an epidemiologic dashboard for surveillance of Varroa destructor in Ontario apiaries. Prev Vet Med 2023; 212:105853. [PMID: 36682257 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Varroosis (caused by the Varroa destructor mite) is a key health issue for honey bees in North America. Because these mites can exist in reservoirs of feral honey bee colonies, eradication is impossible, and instead efforts are made to maintain mites below a critical threshold. Monitoring for Varroa mites within a population is key for allocating resources and targeting interventions but surveillance can be difficult and/or expensive. This project aims to reflect on the success of data dashboards developed throughout the 2019-coronavirus pandemic and showcase how these methods can improve surveillance of Varroa mite infestations in Ontario, Canada. Dashboards provide a consistent source of information and epidemiologic metrics through data visualizations, and mobilize data otherwise bound to tables and intermittent reports. In the present work, an interactive dashboard for the surveillance of Varroa mite infestations across the province is proposed. This dashboard was developed using routine ministry inspection data to depict the spatio-temporal distribution of mites across a five-year data collection period. Through interactive figures and plots, able to be disaggregated to a specific region and time frame, this dashboard will allow for members of the beekeeping community to monitor provincial mite levels throughout the season. Seven criteria found to be common across highly actionable COVID-19 dashboards were used in a beta testing stage of development to assess the quality of the dashboard, and critically reflect on its strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, future directions for surveillance dashboards are explored, including integration with citizen science data collection to develop a comprehensive province-wide surveillance system. The outcome of this project is a functional dashboard proof-of-concept for population-level monitoring of Varroa mites and a model for future tools designed for other species and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Sobkowich
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
| | - O Berke
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - T M Bernardo
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - D L Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - P Kozak
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, Canada
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Hesse BW, Aronoff‐Spencer E, Ahern DK, Mullett TW, Gibbons C, Chih M, Hubenko A, Koop B. “Don't drop the patient:” Health information in a postpandemic world. WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradford W. Hesse
- National Cancer Institute (Retired) Health Communications and Research Branch Kailua‐Kona Hawaii USA
| | - Eliah Aronoff‐Spencer
- Department of Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - David K. Ahern
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Chris Gibbons
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Ming‐Yuan Chih
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Alexandra Hubenko
- Department of Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Barbara Koop
- Philips, Usability – Design Practice and Centre of Excellence Amsterdam Netherlands
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Farah E, El Bizri M, Day R, Matai L, Horne F, Hanna TP, Armstrong D, Marlin S, Jérôme O, Brenner DR, Cheung W, Radvanyi L, Villalba E, Leon N, Cohen C, Chalifour K, Burkes R, Gill S, Berry S, Sheffield BS, Fralick P, Stein BD. Report from the Ready for the Next Round Thought-Leadership Roundtables on Building Resilience in Cancer Care and Control in Canada-Colorectal Cancer Canada; 2021. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:1723-1743. [PMID: 35323343 PMCID: PMC8947543 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29030143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic illuminated vulnerabilities in the Canadian health care system and exposed gaps and challenges across the cancer care continuum. Canada is experiencing significant disruptions to cancer-related services, and the impact these disruptions (delays/deferrals/cancellations) have on the health care system and patients are yet to be determined. Given the potential adverse ramifications, how can Canada’s health care systems build resilience for future threats? (2) Methods: To answer this question, CCC facilitated a series of four thought-leadership roundtables, each representing the views of four different stakeholder groups: patients, physicians, health care system leaders, and researchers. (3) Results: Six themes of strength were identified to serve as a springboard for building resilience including, (1) advancing virtual care and digital health technologies to prevent future interruptions in cancer care delivery. (2) developing real-time data metrics, data sharing, and evidence-based decision-making. (3) enhancing public–private-non-profit partnerships to advance research and strengthen connections across the system. (4) advancing patient-centricity in cancer research to drive and encourage precision medicine approaches to care. (5) investing in training and hiring a robust supply of health care human resources. (6) implementing a national strategy and infrastructure to ensure inter-provincial collaborative data sharing (4). Conclusions: A resilient health care system that can respond to shocks and threats is not an emergency system; it is a robust everyday system that can respond to emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliya Farah
- Colorectal Cancer Canada, Montreal, QC H3G 1J1, Canada; (M.E.B.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (C.C.); (B.D.S.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Maria El Bizri
- Colorectal Cancer Canada, Montreal, QC H3G 1J1, Canada; (M.E.B.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (C.C.); (B.D.S.)
| | - Radmila Day
- Colorectal Cancer Canada, Montreal, QC H3G 1J1, Canada; (M.E.B.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (C.C.); (B.D.S.)
| | - Lavina Matai
- Colorectal Cancer Canada, Montreal, QC H3G 1J1, Canada; (M.E.B.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (C.C.); (B.D.S.)
| | - Fred Horne
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada;
| | - Timothy P. Hanna
- Department of Oncology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 5P9, Canada; (T.P.H.); (S.B.)
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 5P9, Canada
| | - David Armstrong
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Susan Marlin
- Clinical Trials Ontario, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada;
| | - Olivier Jérôme
- CATALIS-Clinical Trials Quebec, Montreal, QC H3C 3X6, Canada;
| | - Darren R. Brenner
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (D.R.B.); (W.C.)
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Cancer Control Alberta, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Winson Cheung
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (D.R.B.); (W.C.)
| | - Laszlo Radvanyi
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada;
| | - Eva Villalba
- Coalition Priorité Cancer au Québec, Saint-Lambert, QC J4P 2J7, Canada;
| | - Natalie Leon
- Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - Chana Cohen
- Colorectal Cancer Canada, Montreal, QC H3G 1J1, Canada; (M.E.B.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (C.C.); (B.D.S.)
| | | | - Ronald Burkes
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada;
- Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital-Ontario, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sharlene Gill
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Scott Berry
- Department of Oncology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 5P9, Canada; (T.P.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Brandon S. Sheffield
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, William Osler Health Centre-Brampton Civic Hospital, Brampton, ON L6R 3J7, Canada;
| | - Pamela Fralick
- Innovative Medicines Canada, Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5, Canada;
| | - Barry D. Stein
- Colorectal Cancer Canada, Montreal, QC H3G 1J1, Canada; (M.E.B.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (C.C.); (B.D.S.)
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Barbazza E, Ivanković D, Davtyan K, Poldrugovac M, Yelgezekova Z, Willmington C, Meza-Torres B, Bos VL, Fernandes ÓB, Rotar A, Nuti S, Vainieri M, Carinci F, Azzopardi-Muscat N, Groene O, Novillo-Ortiz D, Klazinga N, Kringos D. The experiences of 33 national COVID-19 dashboard teams during the first year of the pandemic in the World Health Organization European Region: A qualitative study. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221121154. [PMID: 36060614 PMCID: PMC9434660 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221121154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Governments across the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region have
prioritised dashboards for reporting COVID-19 data. The ubiquitous use of
dashboards for public reporting is a novel phenomenon. Objective This study explores the development of COVID-19 dashboards during the first
year of the pandemic and identifies common barriers, enablers and lessons
from the experiences of teams responsible for their development. Methods We applied multiple methods to identify and recruit COVID-19 dashboard teams,
using a purposive, quota sampling approach. Semi-structured group interviews
were conducted from April to June 2021. Using elaborative coding and
thematic analysis, we derived descriptive and explanatory themes from the
interview data. A validation workshop was held with study participants in
June 2021. Results Eighty informants participated, representing 33 national COVID-19 dashboard
teams across the WHO European Region. Most dashboards were launched swiftly
during the first months of the pandemic, February to May 2020. The urgency,
intense workload, limited human resources, data and privacy constraints and
public scrutiny were common challenges in the initial development stage.
Themes related to barriers or enablers were identified, pertaining to the
pre-pandemic context, pandemic itself, people and processes and software,
data and users. Lessons emerged around the themes of simplicity, trust,
partnership, software and data and change. Conclusions COVID-19 dashboards were developed in a learning-by-doing approach. The
experiences of teams reveal that initial underpreparedness was offset by
high-level political endorsement, the professionalism of teams, accelerated
data improvements and immediate support with commercial software solutions.
To leverage the full potential of dashboards for health data reporting,
investments are needed at the team, national and pan-European levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Barbazza
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Damir Ivanković
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karapet Davtyan
- Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mircha Poldrugovac
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zhamin Yelgezekova
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claire Willmington
- Laboratorio Management e Sanità, Institute of Management and Department EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bernardo Meza-Torres
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care and Health Services, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Véronique L.L.C. Bos
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Óscar Brito Fernandes
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandru Rotar
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sabina Nuti
- Laboratorio Management e Sanità, Institute of Management and Department EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Milena Vainieri
- Laboratorio Management e Sanità, Institute of Management and Department EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carinci
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Agency for Regional Health Services (AGENAS), Rome, Italy
| | - Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat
- Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - David Novillo-Ortiz
- Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niek Klazinga
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dionne Kringos
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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8
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Bos VLLC, Jansen T, Klazinga NS, Kringos DS. Development and Actionability of the Dutch COVID-19 Dashboard: Descriptive Assessment and Expert Appraisal Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e31161. [PMID: 34543229 PMCID: PMC8513744 DOI: 10.2196/31161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Web-based public reporting by means of dashboards has become an essential tool for governments worldwide to monitor COVID-19 information and communicate it to the public. The actionability of such dashboards is determined by their fitness for purpose—meeting a specific information need—and fitness for use—placing the right information into the right hands at the right time and in a manner that can be understood. Objective The aim of this study was to identify specific areas where the actionability of the Dutch government’s COVID-19 dashboard could be improved, with the ultimate goal of enhancing public understanding of the pandemic. Methods The study was conducted from February 2020 to April 2021. A mixed methods approach was carried out, using (1) a descriptive checklist over time to monitor changes made to the dashboard, (2) an actionability scoring of the dashboard to pinpoint areas for improvement, and (3) a reflection meeting with the dashboard development team to contextualize findings and discuss areas for improvement. Results The dashboard predominantly showed epidemiological information on COVID-19. It had been developed and adapted by adding more in-depth indicators, more geographic disaggregation options, and new indicator themes. It also changed in target audience from policy makers to the general public; thus, a homepage was added with the most important information, using news-like items to explain the provided indicators and conducting research to enhance public understanding of the dashboard. However, disaggregation options such as sex, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity and indicators on dual-track health system management and social and economic impact that have proven to give important insights in other countries are missing from the Dutch COVID-19 dashboard, limiting its actionability. Conclusions The Dutch COVID-19 dashboard developed over time its fitness for purpose and use in terms of providing epidemiological information to the general public as a target audience. However, to strengthen the Dutch health system’s ability to cope with upcoming phases of the COVID-19 pandemic or future public health emergencies, we advise (1) establishing timely indicators relating to health system capacity, (2) including relevant data disaggregation options (eg, sex, socioeconomic status), and (3) enabling interoperability between social, health, and economic data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique L L C Bos
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tessa Jansen
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Niek S Klazinga
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dionne S Kringos
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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