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Goense CJDH, Doan THP, Kpokiri EE, Evers YJ, Estcourt CS, Crutzen R, Klausner JD, Tang W, Baraitser P, Hoebe CJPA, Dukers-Muijrers NHTM. Understanding Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability of Home-based Comprehensive Sexual Health Care: A Realist Review. AIDS Behav 2024:10.1007/s10461-024-04415-x. [PMID: 38963569 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
This review identifies which elements of home-based comprehensive sexual health care (home-based CSH) impacted which key populations, under which circumstances. A realist review of studies focused on home-based CSH with at least self-sampling or self-testing HIV and additional sexual health care (e.g., treatment, counseling). Peer-reviewed quantitative and qualitative literature from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO published between February 2012 and February 2023 was examined. The PRISM framework was used to systematically assess the reach of key populations, effectiveness of the intervention, and effects on the adoption, implementation, and maintenance within routine sexual health care. Of 730 uniquely identified records, 93 were selected for extraction. Of these studies, 60% reported actual interventions and 40% described the acceptability and feasibility. Studies were mainly based in Europe or North America and were mostly targeted to MSM (59%; 55/93) (R). Overall, self-sampling or self-testing was highly acceptable across key populations. The effectiveness of most studies was (expected) increased HIV testing. Adoption of the home-based CSH was acceptable for care providers if linkage to care was available, even though a minority of studies reported adoption by care providers and implementation fidelity of the intervention. Most studies suggested maintenance of home-based CSH complementary to clinic-based care. Context and mechanisms were identified which may enhance implementation and maintenance of home-based CSH. When providing the individual with a choice of testing, clear instructions, and tailored dissemination successful uptake of STI and HIV testing may increase. For implementers perceived care and treatment benefits for clients may increase their willingness to implement home-based CSH. Therefore, home-based CSH may determine more accessible sexual health care and increased uptake of STI and HIV testing among key populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Johanna Dorothy Hanneke Goense
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands.
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, Public Health Service South Limburg, Heerlen, Netherlands.
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | | | - Eneyi E Kpokiri
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ymke J Evers
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, Public Health Service South Limburg, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Claudia S Estcourt
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rik Crutzen
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Project-China, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paula Baraitser
- Department of Sexual Health, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christian J P A Hoebe
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, Public Health Service South Limburg, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nicole H T M Dukers-Muijrers
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, Public Health Service South Limburg, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
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Tran A, Tran N, Tapa J, Tieosapjaroen W, Fairley CK, Chow EPF, Zhang L, Baggaley RC, Johnson CC, Jamil MS, Ong JJ. A typology of HIV self-testing support systems: a scoping review. Sex Health 2024; 21:SH24037. [PMID: 38950142 DOI: 10.1071/sh24037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
To maximise the benefits of HIV self-testing (HIVST), it is critical to support self-testers in the testing process and ensure that they access appropriate prevention and care. To summarise systems and tools supporting HIVST (hereafter, 'support systems') and categorise them for future analysis, we synthesised the global data on HIVST support systems and proposed a typology. We searched five databases for articles reporting on one or more HIVST support systems and included 314 publications from 224 studies. Across 189 studies, there were 539 reports of systems supporting HIVST use; while across 115 studies, there were 171 reports of systems supporting result interpretation. Most commonly, these were pictorial instructions, followed by in-person demonstrations and in-person assistance while self-testing or reading self-test results. Less commonly, virtual interventions were also identified, including online video conferencing and smartphone apps. Smartphone-based automated result readers have been used in the USA, China, and South Africa. Across 173 studies, there were 987 reports of systems supporting post-test linkage to care; most commonly, these were in-person referrals/counselling, written referrals, and phone helplines. In the USA, Bluetooth beacons have been trialled to monitor self-test use and facilitate follow-up. We found that, globally, HIVST support systems use a range of methods, including static media, virtual tools, and in-person engagement. In-person and printed approaches were more common than virtual tools. Other considerations, such as linguistic and cultural appropriateness, may also be important in the development of effective HIVST programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arron Tran
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Nghiep Tran
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - James Tapa
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Warittha Tieosapjaroen
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Christopher K Fairley
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Eric P F Chow
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Rachel C Baggaley
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl C Johnson
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad S Jamil
- Department of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jason J Ong
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Department of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
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Mustanski B, Queiroz A, Merle JL, Zamantakis A, Zapata JP, Li DH, Benbow N, Pyra M, Smith JD. A Systematic Review of Implementation Research on Determinants and Strategies of Effective HIV Interventions for Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States. Annu Rev Psychol 2024; 75:55-85. [PMID: 37722749 PMCID: PMC10872355 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-032620-035725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV, accounting for two-thirds of HIV cases in the United States despite representing ∼5% of the adult population. Delivery and use of existing and highly effective HIV prevention and treatment strategies remain suboptimal among MSM. To summarize the state of the science, we systematically review implementation determinants and strategies of HIV-related health interventions using implementation science frameworks. Research on implementation barriers has focused predominantly on characteristics of individual recipients (e.g., ethnicity, age, drug use) and less so on deliverers (e.g., nurses, physicians), with little focus on system-level factors. Similarly, most strategies target recipients to influence their uptake and adherence, rather than improving and supporting implementation systems. HIV implementation research is burgeoning; future research is needed to broaden the examination of barriers at the provider and system levels, as well as expand knowledge on how to match strategies to barriers-particularly to address stigma. Collaboration and coordination among federal, state, and local public health agencies; community-based organizations; health care providers; and scientists are important for successful implementation of HIV-related health innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
- Third Coast Center for AIDS Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Artur Queiroz
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James L Merle
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alithia Zamantakis
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Zapata
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dennis H Li
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
- Third Coast Center for AIDS Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nanette Benbow
- Third Coast Center for AIDS Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria Pyra
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
| | - Justin D Smith
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Osingada CP, McMorris B, Piehler TF, Tracy MF, Porta CM. Acceptability, Feasibility, and Efficacy of Telehealth Interventions for HIV Testing and Treatment in Adult Populations. Telemed J E Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2022.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Peter Osingada
- Adult and Gerontological Health Cooperative, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Barbara McMorris
- Population Health and Systems Cooperative, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy F. Piehler
- Department of Family Social Science, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mary Fran Tracy
- Adult and Gerontological Health Cooperative, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carolyn M. Porta
- Population Health and Systems Cooperative, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Wang Y, Mitchell J, Liu Y. Evidence and implication of interventions across various socioecological levels to address HIV testing uptake among men who have sex with men in the United States: A systematic review. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221107126. [PMID: 35795867 PMCID: PMC9251980 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221107126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Strengthening HIV testing uptake is critical to curtail the HIV epidemics among men who have sex with men in the United States. Despite the implementation of various interventions to promote HIV testing among men who have sex with men, few aggregated evidence is presented to reflect the "lessons learned" and inform future directions. The objective of this systematic review is to comprehensively summarize published studies that described, tested, and evaluated outcomes (e.g. efficacy, effectiveness, acceptability, feasibility and/or qualitative opinions) associated with an HIV testing intervention and identify gaps as well as opportunities to inform the design and implementation of future interventions to enhance HIV testing uptake among men who have sex with men in the United States. Methods We followed the PRISMA guidelines and conducted a systematic review of articles (published by 23 July 2021) by searching multiple databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycINFO). Results Among the total number of 3505 articles found through multiple databases, 56 papers were included into the review. Interventional modules that demonstrated acceptability, feasibility and efficacy to improve HIV testing uptake among men who have sex with men include: HIV self-testing, interpersonal-level (e.g. peer-led, couple-based) interventions, personalized interventions and technology-based interventions (e.g. mHealth). Aggregated evidence also reflects the lack of individualized interventions that simultaneously address time-varying needs across multiple socioecological levels (e.g. individual, interpersonal, community, structural and societal). Conclusion Development of interventions to improve HIV testing rates and frequency of men who have sex with men has proliferated in recent years. Our review presents important implications in sustaining and improving interventions to address HIV testing uptake among men who have sex with men in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jason Mitchell
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Johnson MC, Chung R, Leung SYJ, Edelstein Z, Yuan Y, Flavin SM. Combating Stigma Through HIV Self-Testing: New York State's HIV Home Test Giveaway Program for Sexual Minorities. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2022; 28:174-183. [PMID: 32015253 PMCID: PMC8781215 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic more than any other group. In New York State (NYS) outside of New York City (NYC), MSM accounted for 57% of new HIV/AIDS diagnoses in 2017. HIV/AIDS home testing initiatives have been effective at getting priority populations tested for HIV. OBJECTIVES The NYS Department of Health (NYSDOH) administered the HIV Home Test Giveaway (HHTG) program through social media and mobile applications popular among the priority populations to (1) promote HIV screening among gay and bisexual men, MSM, transgender (TG), and gender queer/gender nonconforming (GNC) individuals who have sex with men, and (2) identify individuals with undiagnosed HIV infection. DESIGN/SETTING The NYSDOH recruited participants from NYS (excluding NYC) through social media campaigns between November 2016 and January 2018. Interested individuals were directed to an online eligibility survey. Eligible participants received a coupon via e-mail for a free HIV self-test (HIVST) kit through the manufacturer's Web site. Eligible participants received a $20 to $25 Amazon online gift card if they completed a voluntary online follow-up survey regarding their test results, experiences with the HHTG, and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors. Participants were also able to request assistance from the NYSDOH with further testing and various prevention and supportive services. PARTICIPANTS In total, 6190 individuals participated and 3197 (52%) were eligible and received a coupon. Of the eligible, 2022 (63%) redeemed coupons for HIVST. RESULTS Among eligible participants, 976 (31%) reported having never been tested for HIV. On the follow-up survey, 922 (29%) participants reported having used the HIVST kit for themselves; 203 (22%) were first-time testers; and 7 (0.8%) tested HIV reactive. Of the follow-up survey participants, 761 (59%) requested assistance with various services. CONCLUSIONS Media campaigns were effective in promoting HIV testing among priority populations and reaching individuals who have never been tested for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C. Johnson
- New York State Department of Health—AIDS Institute, Albany, New York (Mss Johnson and Flavin, Dr Chung, and Messrs Leung and Yuan); and New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Dr Edelstein)
| | - Rakkoo Chung
- New York State Department of Health—AIDS Institute, Albany, New York (Mss Johnson and Flavin, Dr Chung, and Messrs Leung and Yuan); and New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Dr Edelstein)
| | - Shu-Yin J. Leung
- New York State Department of Health—AIDS Institute, Albany, New York (Mss Johnson and Flavin, Dr Chung, and Messrs Leung and Yuan); and New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Dr Edelstein)
| | - Zoe Edelstein
- New York State Department of Health—AIDS Institute, Albany, New York (Mss Johnson and Flavin, Dr Chung, and Messrs Leung and Yuan); and New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Dr Edelstein)
| | - Yingchao Yuan
- New York State Department of Health—AIDS Institute, Albany, New York (Mss Johnson and Flavin, Dr Chung, and Messrs Leung and Yuan); and New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Dr Edelstein)
| | - Susan M. Flavin
- New York State Department of Health—AIDS Institute, Albany, New York (Mss Johnson and Flavin, Dr Chung, and Messrs Leung and Yuan); and New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Dr Edelstein)
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Muwanguzi PA, Nasuuna EM, Namimbi F, Osingada CP, Ngabirano TD. Venues and methods to improve professional men's access to HIV self-testing and linkage to HIV prevention or treatment: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1217. [PMID: 34753460 PMCID: PMC8577403 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV testing among men in sub-Saharan Africa is sub-optimal. Despite several strategies to improve access to underserved populations, evidence regarding engaging men in professional and formal occupations in HIV testing is limited. This study explored employed professional men’s preferences for uptake of HIV self-testing, and linkage to HIV care, or prevention services. Methods This was an explorative-descriptive qualitative study where a sample of 33 men from six Ugandan urban centres. Participants were purposively selected guided by the International Standard Classification of Occupations to participate in in-depth interviews. The data were collected using an interview guide and the sample size was determined by data saturation. Eligibility criteria included fulltime formal employment for over a year at that organization. The data were analyzed manually using thematic content analysis. Results Three categories emerged: uptake of HIV self-tests, process of HIV self-testing and linkage to post-test services. The different modes of distribution of HIV self-test kits included secondary distribution, self-tests at typically male dominated spaces, delivery to workplaces and technology-based delivery. The process of HIV self-testing may be optimized by providing collection bins, and mHealth or mobile phone applications. Linkage to further care or prevention services may be enhanced using medical insurance providers, giving incentives and tele counselling. Conclusion We recommend utilization of several channels for the uptake of HIV self-tests. These include distribution of test kits both to offices and men’s leisure and recreation ‘hot spots’, Additionally, female partners, peers and established men’s group including social media groups can play a role in improving the uptake of HIV self-testing. Mobile phones and digital technology can be applied in innovative ways for the return of test results and to strengthen linkage to care or prevention services. Partnership with medical insurers may be critical in engaging men in professional employment in HIV services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience A Muwanguzi
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Esther M Nasuuna
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Florence Namimbi
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles Peter Osingada
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tom Denis Ngabirano
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Bell SFE, Lemoire J, Debattista J, Redmond AM, Driver G, Durkin I, Coffey L, Warner M, Howard C, Williams OD, Gilks CF, Dean JA. Online HIV Self-Testing (HIVST) Dissemination by an Australian Community Peer HIV Organisation: A Scalable Way to Increase Access to Testing, Particularly for Suboptimal Testers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111252. [PMID: 34769771 PMCID: PMC8583017 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HIV self-testing (HIVST) introduces opportunities for screening in non-conventional settings, and addresses known testing barriers. This study involved the development and evaluation of a free online HIVST dissemination service hosted by a peer-led, community-based organisation with on-site, peer-facilitated HIV testing, and established referral and support programs for people newly diagnosed with HIV to determine whether this model was feasible and acceptable for engaging MSM, particularly among infrequent and naive HIV-testers, or those living in remote and rural areas. Between December 2016 and April 2018, 927 kits were ordered by 794 individuals, the majority of whom were men who have sex with men (MSM) (62%; 494), having condomless sex (50%; 392), or living outside a major city (38%; 305). Very few (5%; 39) sought the available pre-test peer contact, despite 45% (353) being naive HIV-testers. This study demonstrates that online HIVST dissemination is acceptable and feasible for engaging at-risk suboptimal testers, including those unwilling to test elsewhere (19%; 47/225). With half (50%; 403) unwilling to buy a kit, our study suggests that HIVST will need to be subsidized (cost-neutral to users) to enhance population coverage and access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fiona Elisabeth Bell
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia; (S.F.E.B.); (O.D.W.); (C.F.G.)
| | - Jime Lemoire
- Queensland Positive People, East Brisbane 4169, Australia; (J.L.); (A.M.R.); (G.D.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (M.W.); (C.H.)
| | - Joseph Debattista
- Metro North Public Health Unit, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Windsor 4030, Australia;
| | - Andrew M. Redmond
- Queensland Positive People, East Brisbane 4169, Australia; (J.L.); (A.M.R.); (G.D.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (M.W.); (C.H.)
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - Glen Driver
- Queensland Positive People, East Brisbane 4169, Australia; (J.L.); (A.M.R.); (G.D.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (M.W.); (C.H.)
| | - Izriel Durkin
- Queensland Positive People, East Brisbane 4169, Australia; (J.L.); (A.M.R.); (G.D.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (M.W.); (C.H.)
| | - Luke Coffey
- Queensland Positive People, East Brisbane 4169, Australia; (J.L.); (A.M.R.); (G.D.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (M.W.); (C.H.)
| | - Melissa Warner
- Queensland Positive People, East Brisbane 4169, Australia; (J.L.); (A.M.R.); (G.D.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (M.W.); (C.H.)
| | - Chris Howard
- Queensland Positive People, East Brisbane 4169, Australia; (J.L.); (A.M.R.); (G.D.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (M.W.); (C.H.)
| | - Owain David Williams
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia; (S.F.E.B.); (O.D.W.); (C.F.G.)
| | - Charles F. Gilks
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia; (S.F.E.B.); (O.D.W.); (C.F.G.)
| | - Judith Ann Dean
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia; (S.F.E.B.); (O.D.W.); (C.F.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3346-4876 or +61-417768940
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9
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Shi Y, Qiu J, Yang Q, Chen T, Lu Y, Chen S, Fan X, Lin Z, Han Z, Lu J, Qian H, Gu J, Xu DR, Gu Y, Hao C. Increasing the HIV testing among MSM through HIV test result exchange mechanism: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:764. [PMID: 34362323 PMCID: PMC8343929 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV testing is an essential gateway to HIV prevention and treatment thus controlling the HIV epidemic. More innovative interventions are needed to increase HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) since their testing rate is still low. We proposed an online HIV test results exchange mechanism whereby the one without a certified online HIV report will be asked to test HIV for exchanging HIV report with others. The exchange mechanism is developed as an extension to the existing online HIV testing service system. Through the extended system, MSM can obtain certified online HIV reports and exchange their reports with friends via WeChat. This study aims to assess effectiveness of the exchange mechanism to increase the HIV testing rate among MSM. Methods This study will use a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. Participants are recruited based on the unit of individual social network, the sender and the receivers of the HIV report. An individual social network is composed of one sender (ego) and one or more receivers (alters). In this study, MSM in an HIV testing clinic are recruited as potential egos and forwarded online reports to their WeChat friends voluntarily. Friends are invited to participate by report links and become alters. Ego and alters serve as a cluster and are randomized to the group using the certified online HIV report with exchange mechanism (intervention group) or without exchange mechanism (control group). Alters are the intervention targeting participants. The primary outcome is HIV testing rate. Other outcomes are sexual transmitted infections, sexual behaviors, HIV testing norms, stigma, risk perception and HIV report delivery. The outcomes will be assessed at baseline and follow-up questionnaires. Analysis will be according to intention to treat approach and using mixed-effect models with networks and individuals as random effects. Discussion This is the first study to evaluate the effectiveness of an HIV test result exchange mechanism to increase the HIV testing among MSM. This assessment of the intervention will also provide scientific evidence on other potential effects. Findings from this study will yield insights for sustainability driven by communities' intrinsic motivation. Trail registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03984136. Registered 12 June 2019. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06484-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Shi
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jialing Qiu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qingling Yang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Tailin Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yongheng Lu
- Kangyuan Community Support Center of Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Sha Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoru Fan
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhiye Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Han
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jie Lu
- Kangyuan Community Support Center of Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Haobing Qian
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Dong Roman Xu
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, P. R. China.,ACACIA Labs, SMU Institute for Global Health and Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhou Gu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Chun Hao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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10
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Flynn G, Scherr T, Garofalo R, Kuhns LM, Bushover B, Nash N, Davis R, Schnall R. Usability Evaluation of the mLab App for Improving Home HIV Testing Behaviors in Youth at Risk of HIV Infection. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2021; 33:312-324. [PMID: 34370566 PMCID: PMC8487399 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2021.33.4.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Improving access to HIV testing among youth at high risk is essential for reaching those who are most at risk for HIV and least likely to access health care services. This study evaluates the usability of mLab, an app with image-processing feature that analyzes photos of OraQuick HIV self-tests and provides real-time, personalized feedback. mLab includes HIV prevention information, testing reminders, and instructions. It was developed through iterative feedback with a youth advisory board (N = 8). The final design underwent heuristic (N = 5) and end-user testing (N = 20). Experts rated mLab following Nielsen's heuristic checklist. End-users used the Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale. While there were some usability problems, overall study participants found mLab useful and user-friendly. This study provides important insights into using a mobile app with imaging for interpreting HIV test results with the goal of improving HIV testing and prevention in populations at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Flynn
- University of South Florida, College of Public Health, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Thomas Scherr
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Robert Garofalo
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Lurie Children’s Hospital, & Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 1440 N. Dayton Street, Chicago, Illinois 60642 USA
| | - Lisa M. Kuhns
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Lurie Children’s Hospital, & Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 1440 N. Dayton Street, Chicago, Illinois 60642 USA
| | - Brady Bushover
- Division of Scholarship and Research, Columbia University School of Nursing, 560 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Nathanael Nash
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Lurie Children’s Hospital, & Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 1440 N. Dayton Street, Chicago, Illinois 60642 USA
| | - Rindcy Davis
- H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Rebecca Schnall
- Division of Scholarship and Research, Columbia University School of Nursing, 560 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
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11
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Fonner VA, Kennedy S, Desai R, Eichberg C, Martin L, Meissner EG. Patient-Provider Text Messaging and Video Calling Among Case-Managed Patients Living With HIV: Formative Acceptability and Feasibility Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e22513. [PMID: 34042596 PMCID: PMC8193483 DOI: 10.2196/22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient-provider communication is critical for engaging and retaining people living with HIV in care, especially among medically case-managed patients in need of service coordination and adherence support. Expanding patient-provider communication channels to include mobile health modalities, such as text messaging and video calling, has the potential to facilitate communication and ultimately improve clinical outcomes. However, the implementation of these communication modalities in clinical settings has not been well characterized. Objective The purpose of this study is to understand patient and provider perspectives on the acceptability of and preferences for using text messaging and video calling as a means of communication; perceived factors relevant to adoption, appropriateness, and feasibility; and organizational perspectives on implementation within an HIV clinic in South Carolina. Methods We conducted 26 semistructured in-depth interviews among patients receiving case management services (n=12) and clinic providers (n=14) using interview guides and content analysis informed by the Proctor taxonomy of implementation outcomes and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Participants were purposefully sampled to obtain maximum variation in terms of age and gender for patients and clinic roles for providers. The data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative content analyses. Results Most patients (11/12, 92%) and providers (12/14, 86%) agreed that they should have the capacity to text message and/or video call each other. Although consensus was not reached, most preferred using a secure messaging app rather than standard text messaging because of the enhanced security features. Perceived benefits to adoption included the added convenience of text messaging, and potential barriers included the cost and access of smartphone-based technology for patients. From an organizational perspective, some providers were concerned that offering text messaging could lead to unreasonable expectations of instant access and increased workload. Conclusions Patients and providers perceived text messaging and video calling as acceptable, appropriate, and feasible and felt that these expanded modes of communication could help meet patients’ needs while being safe and not excessively burdensome. Although patients and providers mostly agreed on implementation barriers and facilitators, several differences emerged. Taking both perspectives into account when using implementation frameworks is critical for expanding mobile health–based communication, especially as implementation requires active participation from providers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Fonner
- Division of Global and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Samuel Kennedy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Rohan Desai
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Christie Eichberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lisa Martin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Eric G Meissner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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12
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Warmbrunn I, Green-Jones M, Outlaw AY. Utilizing Alternative Testing Technology for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the COVID era. CURRENT EMERGENCY AND HOSPITAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2021; 9:38-44. [PMID: 33972891 PMCID: PMC8098635 DOI: 10.1007/s40138-021-00228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review With the onset of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in-person human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is no longer easily accessible. Therefore, alternative testing technologies must be considered and implemented on a large scale to continue prevention efforts. This review seeks to describe the benefits of utilizing at-home HIV testing technologies, traditionally deemed an alternative form of testing. Recent Findings Utilizing at-home testing technology during the COVID-19 pandemic overcomes novel and previously identified barriers to HIV testing. Summary Ensuring access to HIV testing is imperative to long-term prevention goals. With the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative in the USA targeting achievement by 2030, obstacles to HIV testing must be addressed to ensure its success. Implementing alternative testing technology more broadly allows for continued prevention efforts for HIV in light of COVID era restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Warmbrunn
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Monique Green-Jones
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Angulique Y Outlaw
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI USA
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13
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Gios L, Mirandola M, Sherriff N, Toskin I, Blondeel K, Dias S, Staneková D, Folch C, Schink SB, Nöstlinger C, Berghe WV, Naseva E, Alexiev I. Being in the Closet. Correlates of Outness Among MSM in 13 European Cities. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2021; 68:415-433. [PMID: 31483215 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2019.1656033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Data for MSM continue to show a high risk of acquiring HIV-STIs. Within this population, outness seems to have an impact on both risk-taking and on health seeking behaviors. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between socio-demographic, behavioral characteristics, testing behaviors, and outness level among MSM using data from a multi-center bio-behavioral cross-sectional study carried out in 13 EU cities. A multilevel analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with being open ("out") versus not being open ("in"). A total of 4,901 MSM were enrolled in the study and were classified as "out" in 71% of the cases. MSM "out" were more likely to report HIV testing and being reached by HIV prevention programs compared to MSM who were "in." The results confirm the key role of outness in relation to different healthy and risky behavior, ranging from testing to party-drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Gios
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona , Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Mirandola
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona , Verona, Italy
| | - Nigel Sherriff
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton , Brighton, UK
| | - Igor Toskin
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization , Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karel Blondeel
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization , Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sonia Dias
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Universidade, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública , Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Danica Staneková
- NRC for HIV/AIDS, Slovak Medical University , Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Cinta Folch
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Department Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya/CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Christiane Nöstlinger
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine , Antwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine , Antwerp, Belgium
- Scientific Institute of Public Health , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilia Naseva
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivailo Alexiev
- National Reference Laboratory of HIV, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases , Sofia, Bulgaria
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14
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Layland EK, Carter JA, Perry NS, Cienfuegos-Szalay J, Nelson KM, Bonner CP, Rendina HJ. A systematic review of stigma in sexual and gender minority health interventions. Transl Behav Med 2020; 10:1200-1210. [PMID: 33044540 PMCID: PMC7549413 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stigma against sexual and gender minorities is a major driver of health disparities. Psychological and behavioral interventions that do not address the stigma experienced by sexual and gender minorities may be less efficacious. We conducted a systematic review of existing psychological and behavioral health interventions for sexual and gender minorities to investigate how interventions target sexual and gender minority stigma and consider how stigma could affect intervention efficacy. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Eligible studies were peer reviewed and published in English between January 2003 and July 2019 and reported empirical results of behavioral or psychological interventions implemented among sexual and gender minorities. All interventions addressed stigma. We identified 37 eligible interventions. Most interventions targeted sexual minority men. Interventions were frequently developed or adapted for implementation among sexual and gender minorities and addressed multiple levels and types of stigma. Interventions most frequently targeted proximal stressors, including internalized and anticipated stigma. HIV and mental health were the most commonly targeted health outcomes. A limited number of studies investigated the moderating or mediating effects of stigma on intervention efficacy. The application of an intersectional framework was frequently absent and rarely amounted to addressing sources of stigma beyond sexual and gender minority identities. A growing number of interventions address sexual and gender minority stigma in an effort to prevent deleterious health effects. Future research is needed to assess whether stigma modifies the effectiveness of existing psychological and behavioral interventions among sexual and gender minorities. Further, the application of intersectional frameworks is needed to more comprehensively intervene on multiple, intersecting sources of stigma faced by the diverse sexual and gender minority community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K Layland
- Human Development and Family Studies Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA,Correspondence to: E. K. Layland,
| | - Joseph A Carter
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA,Health Psychology and Clinical Science PhD Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas S Perry
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jorge Cienfuegos-Szalay
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA,Health Psychology and Clinical Science PhD Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Courtney Peasant Bonner
- Substance Use, Gender, and Applied Research Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - H Jonathon Rendina
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA,Health Psychology and Clinical Science PhD Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Maloney KM, Bratcher A, Wilkerson R, Sullivan PS. Electronic and other new media technology interventions for HIV care and prevention: a systematic review. J Int AIDS Soc 2020; 23:e25439. [PMID: 31909896 PMCID: PMC6945883 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic and other new media technologies (eHealth) can facilitate large-scale dissemination of information and effective delivery of interventions for HIV care and prevention. There is a need to both monitor a rapidly changing pipeline of technology-based care and prevention methods and to assess whether the interventions are appropriately diversified. We systematically review and critically appraise the research pipeline of eHealth interventions for HIV care and prevention, including published studies and other funded projects. METHODS Two peer-reviewed literature databases were searched for studies describing the development, trial testing or implementation of new technology interventions, published from September 2014 to September 2018. The National Institutes of Health database of grants was searched for interventions still in development. Interventions were included if eHealth was utilized and an outcome directly related to HIV treatment or prevention was targeted. We summarized each intervention including the stage of development, eHealth mode of delivery, target population and stage of the HIV care and prevention continua targeted. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Of 2178 articles in the published literature, 113 were included with 84 unique interventions described. The interventions utilize a variety of eHealth technologies and target various points on the prevention and care continua, with greater emphasis on education, behaviour change and testing than linkage to medical care. There were a variety of interventions for HIV care support but none for PrEP care. Most interventions were developed for populations in high income countries. An additional 62 interventions with funding were found in the development pipeline, with greater emphasis on managing HIV and PrEP care. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review found a robust collection of eHealth interventions in the published literature as well as unpublished interventions still in development. In the published literature, there is an imbalance of interventions favouring education and behaviour change over linkage to care, retention in care, and adherence, especially for PrEP. The next generation of interventions already in the pipeline might address these neglected areas of care and prevention, but the development process is slow. Researchers need new methods for more efficient and expedited intervention development so that current and future needs are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Bratcher
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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16
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Vera JH, Soni S, Pollard A, Llewellyn C, Peralta C, Rodriguez L, Dean G. Acceptability and feasibility of using digital vending machines to deliver HIV self-tests to men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Infect 2019; 95:557-561. [PMID: 31101723 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2018-053857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Technology-based approaches to distribute HIV self-tests (HIVST) have the potential to increase access to HIV testing in key populations. We evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of using vending machines (VMs) in a community setting to distribute HIVST to men who have sex with men at high-risk of HIV. METHODS First, a predevelopment survey of targeted potential users explored attitudes towards HIVST and the use of a VM to deliver HIVST. Second, participatory design workshops between designers and community volunteers informed the production of a bespoke VMs dispensing free BioSureHIVST. Uptake of HIVST and user experiences were evaluated using information supplied directly from the machines interface (number of tests dispensed, user demographics), an online questionnaire and semistructured interviews. RESULTS The predevelopment survey found that 32% of 232 sauna users had never tested for HIV, despite high-risk behaviours. A total of 265 testing kits were dispensed: mean age 31 range (18-70); 4%(n = 7) had never tested for HIV before and 11% (n = 22) had tested within the last 1-5 years. Uptake of tests was significantly higher via the VMs compared with outreach testing by community workers in the same venue during a comparable period (34 vs 6 tests per month). Qualitative interviews and online questionnaires demonstrated high acceptability for this intervention, which was considered accessible and appropriately targeted. CONCLUSIONS VMs to distribute HIVST was feasible and acceptable. This intervention could be used in different settings to improve access to HIV testing for key populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime H Vera
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Suneeta Soni
- Department of Sexual Health and HIV, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Alex Pollard
- Division of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Carrie Llewellyn
- Division of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Carlos Peralta
- Design and Architecture, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Gillian Dean
- Department of Sexual Health and HIV, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals Trust, Brighton, UK
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17
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Takano M, Iwahashi K, Satoh I, Araki J, Kinami T, Ikushima Y, Fukuhara T, Obinata H, Nakayama Y, Kikuchi Y, Oka S. Assessment of HIV prevalence among MSM in Tokyo using self-collected dried blood spots delivered through the postal service. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:627. [PMID: 30518333 PMCID: PMC6282288 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of HIV infection. However, there are only few data on HIV prevalence in MSM in Japan. The objective of this study was to explore the HIV prevalence in MSM at Shinjuku 2-chome, a well known gay quarter in Tokyo. METHODS MSM directly collected the dried blood spot (DBS) self-collection HIV test kit from a drop-in center in Shinjuku 2-chome between August 2015 and December 2016. The participants collected their own blood by finger-prick and anonymously posted the kit to the laboratory. The participants accessed the study website and checked the results of their tests using unique ID and password. DBS was soaked in phosphate buffered saline overnight and the eluted sample was examined by the fourth generation HIV Ag/Ab test of LUMIPULSE (FUJIREBIO INC.), and followed by HISCL (Sysmex Corp.) when the first assay was positive. The result was defined provisionally positive if both were positive. RESULTS A total of 1702 HIV test kits were distributed and 1403 DBS were returned (return rate: 82.4%). Since 20.2% of participants collected the test kit more than once, the estimated number of actual test kit users was 1120. Based on the results of the test kit, 34 cases were provisionally diagnosed with HIV. The estimated prevalence was 3.04% (95% confidence interval: 2.03-4.04). Of these 34, 24 (70.6%) were later confirmed to be HIV-positive in the hospital, while the remaining 10 were lost to follow-up. Among the participants, 34.5% received HIV test for the first time. Especially in those aged 20-29, 46.0% were first time HIV testers. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HIV infection in the study population was 3.04%. The high collection suggested a demand for this type of testing in MSM. The test should be expanded further to difficult-to-reach or hidden populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry in August 20th, 2015 (Registry number: UMIN000018699 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Misao Takano
- Medical Genomic Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Kohta Iwahashi
- AKTA, 2-15-13-302 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0022, Japan
| | - Ikuo Satoh
- PLACE TOKYO, 4-11-5-403 Takadanobaba, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0075, Japan
| | - Junko Araki
- AKTA, 2-15-13-302 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0022, Japan
| | - Takuya Kinami
- AKTA, 2-15-13-302 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0022, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ikushima
- PLACE TOKYO, 4-11-5-403 Takadanobaba, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0075, Japan
| | - Toshiya Fukuhara
- PLACE TOKYO, 4-11-5-403 Takadanobaba, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0075, Japan
| | - Hiroo Obinata
- Higashi-Shinjuku Kokorono Clinic, 2F 6-28-12 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0022, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Nakayama
- Higashi-Shinjuku Kokorono Clinic, 2F 6-28-12 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0022, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kikuchi
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shinichi Oka
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
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18
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Freeman AE, Sullivan P, Higa D, Sharma A, MacGowan R, Hirshfield S, Greene GJ, Gravens L, Chavez P, McNaghten AD, Johnson WD, Mustanski B. Perceptions of HIV Self-Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States: A Qualitative Analysis. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2018; 30:47-62. [PMID: 29481298 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2018.30.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
HIV testing is the gateway into both prevention and treatment services. It is important to understand how men who have sex with men (MSM) perceive HIV self-tests. We conducted focus groups and individual interviews to collect feedback on two HIV self-tests, and on a dried blood spot (DBS) specimen collection kit. Perceptions and attitudes around HIV self-testing (HIVST), and willingness to distribute HIV self-tests to others were assessed. MSM reported HIVST to be complementary to facility-based testing, and liked this approach because it offers privacy and convenience, does not require counseling, and could lead to linkage to care. However, they also had concerns around the accuracy of HIV self-tests, their cost, and receiving a positive test result without immediate access to follow-up services. Despite these issues, they perceived HIVST as a positive addition to their HIV prevention toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arin E Freeman
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Darrel Higa
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Akshay Sharma
- University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robin MacGowan
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - George J Greene
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Laura Gravens
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Pollyanna Chavez
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - A D McNaghten
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wayne D Johnson
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Efficacy of Promoting a Home-Based HIV Self-Testing with Online Counseling on Increasing HIV Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:190-201. [PMID: 28831616 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We developed an innovative home-based HIV self-testing (HIVST) service that included mailing of a free HIVST kit, and providing online real-time instructions and pre-test/post-test counseling (HIVST-OIC). The present parallel-group and non-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of promoting HIVST-OIC in increasing HIV testing rate among 430 men who have sex with men (MSM), with access to online live-chat applications in Hong Kong. At month 6, as compared to the control group, the intervention group reported significantly higher prevalence of HIV testing of any type (89.8 vs. 50.7%; relative risk (RR): 1.77; p < 0.001). Among those who have taken up any HIV testing in the last six months, significant between-group difference was found in multiple male sex partnerships (34.2 vs. 47.7%, RR: 0.72; p = 0.021). HIVST-OIC has a strong potential in increasing prevalence of HIV testing and reducing sexual risk behaviors. Implementation research is warranted.
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LeGrand S, Muessig KE, Horvath KJ, Rosengren AL, Hightow-Weidman LB. Using technology to support HIV self-testing among MSM. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2017; 12:425-431. [PMID: 28617712 PMCID: PMC5889120 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Technology-based HIV self-testing (HST) interventions have the potential to improve access to HIV testing among gay, bisexual, and other MSM, as well as address concerns about HST use, including challenges with linkage to appropriate follow-up services. This review examines studies that use technology-based platforms to increase or improve the experience of HST among MSM. RECENT FINDINGS Seven published studies and eight funded studies were included in this review. Comprehensive prevention interventions with free HST kit distribution and interventions that provide free HST kits and support the HST process address a greater number of barriers (e.g., access, correct use of testing kits, and correct interpretation of results) than studies that only distribute free HST kits through technology-based platforms. SUMMARY By addressing HIV-testing barriers and specific HST concerns, these interventions address a critical need to improve first time and repeat testing rates among MSM. Additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of recent formative HST interventions. If proven efficacious, scale-up of these strategies have the potential to increase HIV testing among MSM via expanded HST uptake.
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