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Song Y, Zheng K, Brede DA, Gomes T, Xie L, Kassaye Y, Salbu B, Tollefsen KE. Multiomics Point of Departure (moPOD) Modeling Supports an Adverse Outcome Pathway Network for Ionizing Radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3198-3205. [PMID: 36799527 PMCID: PMC9979642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While adverse biological effects of acute high-dose ionizing radiation have been extensively investigated, knowledge on chronic low-dose effects is scarce. The aims of the present study were to identify hazards of low-dose ionizing radiation to Daphnia magna using multiomics dose-response modeling and to demonstrate the use of omics data to support an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network development for ionizing radiation. Neonatal D. magna were exposed to γ radiation for 8 days. Transcriptomic analysis was performed after 4 and 8 days of exposure, whereas metabolomics and confirmative bioassays to support the omics analyses were conducted after 8 days of exposure. Benchmark doses (BMDs, 10% benchmark response) as points of departure (PODs) were estimated for both dose-responsive genes/metabolites and the enriched KEGG pathways. Relevant pathways derived using the BMD modeling and additional functional end points measured by the bioassays were overlaid with a previously published AOP network. The results showed that several molecular pathways were highly relevant to the known modes of action of γ radiation, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein degradation, and apoptosis. The functional assays showed increased oxidative stress and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP pool. Ranking of PODs at the pathway and functional levels showed that oxidative damage related functions had relatively low PODs, followed by DNA damage, energy metabolism, and apoptosis. These were supportive of causal events in the proposed AOP network. This approach yielded promising results and can potentially provide additional empirical evidence to support further AOP development for ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Song
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Keke Zheng
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Li Xie
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Yetneberk Kassaye
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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Vo NTK. The sine qua non of the fish invitrome today and tomorrow in environmental radiobiology. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 98:1025-1033. [PMID: 32816609 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1812761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fish cell lines, collectively referred to as the fish invitrome, are useful diagnostic tools to study radiation impacts on aquatic health and elucidate radiation mechanisms in fish. This paper will highlight the advantages, discuss the challenges, and propose possible future directions for uses of the fish invitrome in the field of environmental radiobiology. The fish invitrome contains at least 714 fish cell lines. However, only a few of these cell lines have been used to study radiation biology in fish and they represent only 10 fish species. The fish invitrome is clearly not yet explored for its full potential in radiation biology. Evidence suggests that they are useful and, in some cases, irreplaceable in making underlying theories and fundamental concepts in radiation responses in fish. The debate of whether environmental radiation is harmful, presents risks, has no effect on health, or is beneficial is on-going and is one that fish cell lines can help address in a time-effective fashion. Any information obtained with fish cell lines is useful in the framework of environment radiation risk assessments. Radiation threats to aquatic health will continue due to the very likely rise of nuclear energy and medicine in the future. The fish invitrome, in theory, lives forever and can meet new challenges at any given time to provide diagnostic risk analyses pertaining to aquatic health and environmental radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Jung IJ, Ahn JW, Jung S, Hwang JE, Hong MJ, Choi HI, Kim JB. Overexpression of rice jacalin-related mannose-binding lectin (OsJAC1) enhances resistance to ionizing radiation in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:561. [PMID: 31852472 PMCID: PMC6921557 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jacalin-related lectins in plants are important in defense signaling and regulate growth, development, and response to abiotic stress. We characterized the function of a rice mannose-binding jacalin-related lectin (OsJAC1) in the response to DNA damage from gamma radiation. RESULTS Time- and dose-dependent changes of OsJAC1 expression in rice were detected in response to gamma radiation. To identify OsJAC1 function, OsJAC1-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants were generated. Interestingly, OsJAC1 overexpression conferred hyper-resistance to gamma radiation in these plants. Using comparative transcriptome analysis, genes related to pathogen defense were identified among 22 differentially expressed genes in OsJAC1-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines following gamma irradiation. Furthermore, expression profiles of genes associated with the plant response to DNA damage were determined in these transgenic lines, revealing expression changes of important DNA damage checkpoint and perception regulatory components, namely MCMs, RPA, ATM, and MRE11. CONCLUSIONS OsJAC1 overexpression may confer hyper-resistance to gamma radiation via activation of DNA damage perception and DNA damage checkpoints in Arabidopsis, implicating OsJAC1 as a key player in DNA damage response in plants. This study is the first report of a role for mannose-binding jacalin-related lectin in DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jung Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Woo Ahn
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Sera Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Hwang
- Division of Ecological Conservation, Bureau of Ecological Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, 33657 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Hong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Il Choi
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Baek Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
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Sreetharan S, Thome C, Tsang KK, Somers CM, Manzon RG, Boreham DR, Wilson JY. Micronuclei formation in rainbow trout cells exposed to multiple stressors: Morpholine, heat shock, and ionizing radiation. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:38-47. [PMID: 29111319 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Discharges from industrial cooling water systems can include low levels of morpholine (a chemical pH regulator and corrosion inhibitor), as well as transiently higher temperature effluent water which present a potential source of environmental impact to aquatic biota. The effects of environmental levels of morpholine or heat shock (HS) treatment alone and in combination with a challenge high-dose of 137Cs ionizing radiation were studied using the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay in a rainbow trout cell line (RTG-2). Morpholine treatment of 10 or 100mgL-1 alone produced no significant effects, and no interaction was observed in combination with 7.75Gy radiation. A 9°C magnitude HS treatment alone significantly increased micronuclei formation. A synergistic response was observed when 9°C HS was combined with 7.75Gy radiation, with 15% more cells containing 3 or more micronuclei than the sum of each individual stressor. A synergistic increase in the average number of micronuclei was observed when morpholine and a 9°C HS were co-treated. These results indicate that morpholine at environmentally-relevant levels does not impact micronuclei formation or cell cycle progression however 9°C HS may be of potential concern both alone and in combination with other stressor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayenthiran Sreetharan
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
| | - Christopher Thome
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton L8S 4L8, ON, Canada.
| | - Kara K Tsang
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton L8S 4L8, ON, Canada.
| | - Christopher M Somers
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina S4S 0A2, SK, Canada.
| | - Richard G Manzon
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina S4S 0A2, SK, Canada.
| | - Douglas R Boreham
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton L8S 4L8, ON, Canada; Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury P3E 2C6, ON, Canada.
| | - Joanna Y Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
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Thome C, Mitz C, Hulley EN, Somers CM, Manzon RG, Wilson JY, Boreham DR. Initial Characterization of the Growth Stimulation and Heat-Shock-Induced Adaptive Response in Developing Lake Whitefish Embryos after Ionizing Radiation Exposure. Radiat Res 2017; 188:475-485. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14574.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Thome
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Charles Mitz
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Emily N. Hulley
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Douglas R. Boreham
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Canada
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Dahms HU, Won EJ, Kim HS, Han J, Park HG, Souissi S, Raisuddin S, Lee JS. Potential of the small cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana as an invertebrate model for ecotoxicity testing. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 180:282-294. [PMID: 27770640 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic invertebrates contribute significantly to environmental impact assessment of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Much effort has been made to identify viable and ecologically relevant invertebrate test organisms to meet rigorous regulatory requirements. Copepods, which are ecologically important and widely distributed in aquatic organisms, offer a huge opportunity as test organisms for aquatic toxicity testing. They have a major role not only in the transfer of energy in aquatic food chains, but also as a medium of transfer of aquatic pollutants across the tropic levels. In this regard, a supratidal and benthic harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus Mori (order Harpacticoida) has shown promising characteristics as a test organism in the field of ecotoxicology. Because there is a need to standardize a battery of test organisms from species in different phylogenetic and critical ecosystem positions, it is important to identify another unrelated planktonic species for wider application and comparison. In this regard, the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana Smirnov (order Cyclopoida) has emerged as a potential test organism to meet such requirements. Like T. japonicus, it has a number of features that make it a candidate worth consideration in such efforts. Recently, the genomics of P. nana has been unraveled. Data on biochemical and molecular responses of P. nana against exposure to environmental chemicals and other stressors have been collected. Recently, sequences and expression profiles of a number of genes in P. nana encoding for heat shock proteins, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and antioxidants have been reported. These genes serve as potential biomarkers in biomonitoring of environmental pollutants. Moreover, the application of gene expression techniques and the use of its whole transcriptome have allowed evaluation of transcriptional changes in P. nana with the ultimate aim of understanding the mechanisms of action of environmental stressors. Whole-animal bioassays and gene expression studies indicate that P. nana may serve as an excellent tool to evaluate the impact of diverse disturbances in the marine environment. With a better understanding of toxicological mechanisms, ecotoxicologists will be able to understand defense mechanisms against toxicants in copepods. In this review, we illustrate the potential of P. nana as an alternative as well as a complementary invertebrate model organism for risk assessment of aquatic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hui-Su Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Bioscience, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Shi X, Mothersill C, Seymour C. No adaptive response is induced by chronic low-dose radiation from Ra-226 in the CHSE/F fish embryonic cell line and the HaCaT human epithelial cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:537-546. [PMID: 27588948 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether chronic low-dose α-particle radiation from Ra-226 over multiple cell generations can lead to an adaptive response in CHSE/F fish embryonic cells or HaCaT human epithelial cells receiving subsequent acute high-dose γ-ray radiation. METHODS CHSE/F and HaCaT cells were exposed to very low doses of Ra-226 in medium for multiple generations prior to being challenged by a higher dose γ-ray radiation. The clonogenic assay was used to test the clonogenic survival of cells with or without being pretreated by radiation from Ra-226. RESULTS In general, pretreatment with chronic radiation has no significant influence on the reaction of cells to the subsequent challenge radiation. Compared to unprimed cells, the change in clonogenic survival of primed cells after receiving challenge radiation is mainly due to the influence of the chronic exposure, and there's little adaptive response induced. However at several dose points, pretreatment of CHSE/F fish cells with chronic radiation resulted in a radiosensitive response to a challenge dose of γ-ray radiation, and pretreatment of HaCaT cells resulted in no effect except for a slightly radioresistant response to the challenge radiation which was not significant. CONCLUSION The results suggest that chronic low-dose radiation is not effective enough to induce adaptive response. There was a difference between human and fish cells and it may be important to consider results from multiple species before making conclusions about effects of chronic or low doses of radiation in the environment. The term "radiosensitive" or "adaptive" make no judgment about whether such responses are ultimately beneficial or harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Shi
- Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Colin Seymour
- Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
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Won EJ, Han J, Hagiwara A, Oda S, Mitani H, Lee JS. Acute Toxicity of Gamma Radiation to the Monogonont Rotifer Brachionus koreanus. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 97:387-391. [PMID: 27230026 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined the tolerance of the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus in response to gamma radiation. In order to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of rotifers against gamma radiation, we irradiated B. koreanus with gamma rays from 0 to 7000 grays (Gy). The LD50s were 2900 and 2300 Gy at 24 h (LD50-24 h) and 96 h (LD50-96 h) after irradiation, respectively. In addition, the no observed effect levels (NOEL) were 1500 and 1000 Gy at 24 and 96 h, respectively. This is the first determination of lethal doses of gamma radiation for B. koreanus, which could be useful in ecological assessment of gamma radiation toward aquatic life and could be useful for understanding toxic mechanisms over sublethal doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
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Han B, Gu J, Zhao L, Guo H, Xie Y, Zhao S, Song X, Han L, Liu L. Factors Affecting the Radiosensitivity of Hexaploid Wheat to γ-Irradiation: Radiosensitivity of Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) [Corrected]. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161700. [PMID: 27551965 PMCID: PMC4995049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the radiosensitivity of plants, an important factor in crop mutation breeding programs, requires a thorough investigation of the factors that contribute to this trait. In this study, we used the highly radiosensitive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety HY1 and J411, a γ-irradiation-insensitive control, which were screened from a natural population, to examine the factors affecting radiosensitivity, including free radical content and total antioxidant capacity, as well as the expression of TaKu70 and TaKu80 (DNA repair-related genes) as measured by real-time PCR. We also investigated the alternative splicing of this gene in the wild-type wheat ecotype by sequence analysis. Free radical contents and total antioxidant capacity significantly increased upon exposure of HY1 wheat to γ-irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. By contrast, in J411, the free radical contents exhibited a similar trend, but the total antioxidant capacity exhibited a downward trend upon increasing γ-irradiation. Additionally, we detected dose-dependent increases in TaKu70 and TaKu80 expression levels in γ-irradiated HY1, while in J411, TaKu70 expression levels increased, followed by a decline. We also detected alternative splicing of TaKu70 mRNA, namely, intron retention, in HY1 but not in J411. Our findings indicate that γ-irradiation induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in hexaploid wheat, resulting in growth retardation of seedlings, and they suggest that TaKu70 may play a causal role in radiosensitivity in HY1. Further studies are required to exploit these factors to improve radiosensitivity in other wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Academy of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement /National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement /National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement /National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement /National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yongdun Xie
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement /National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Shirong Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement /National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyun Song
- Academy of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Longzhi Han
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement /National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Luxiang Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement /National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
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Anbumani S, Mohankumar MN. Nucleoplasmic bridges and tailed nuclei are signatures of radiation exposure in Oreochromis mossambicus using erythrocyte micronucleus cytome assay (EMNCA). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:18425-18436. [PMID: 26263884 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gamma radiation-induced genetic perturbations in aquatic vertebrates is largely unknown at low-dose rate, especially in the wake of a nuclear disaster and/or other environmental outbreaks. Freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus subjected to low-dose rate (2 mGy/min) at 2.5-, 5-, and 10-Gy doses, were analyzed for "exposure signatures" in blood samples drawn on days 3, 6, 12, 18, and 30, respectively. Significant dose-dependent increments in micronuclei frequency and other anomalies such as nucleoplasmic bridges and tailed nuclei were observed and exhibit a strong positive correlation, suggesting that they could be used as prospective signatures of radiation exposure. Similarly increased incidence of apoptosis and DNA repair machinery circuits at high and low doses were noted. This work highlighted "cytogenetic signatures" in fish and the sensitivity of these endpoints toward low-dose rate of radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anbumani
- Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu, India, 603102.
- Ecotoxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Govt. of India, M.G.Marg, Lucknow, 226001, UP, India.
| | - Mary N Mohankumar
- Ecotoxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Govt. of India, M.G.Marg, Lucknow, 226001, UP, India.
- , 40, D.J.Nagar, B.R.Puram, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamilnadu, India.
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11
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Won EJ, Dahms HU, Kumar KS, Shin KH, Lee JS. An integrated view of gamma radiation effects on marine fauna: from molecules to ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17443-17452. [PMID: 25382502 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Accidental release of nuclides into the ocean is causing health risks to marine organisms and humans. All life forms are susceptible to gamma radiation with a high variation, depending on various physical factors such as dose, mode, and time of exposure and various biological factors such as species, vitality, age, and gender. Differences in sensitivity of gamma radiation are also associated with different efficiencies of mechanisms related to protection and repair systems. Gamma radiation may also affect various other integration levels: from gene, protein, cells and organs, population, and communities, disturbing the energy flow of food webs that will ultimately affect the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Depending on exposure levels, gamma radiation induces damages on growth and reproduction in various organisms such as zooplankton, benthos, and fish in aquatic ecosystems. In this paper, harmful effects of gamma-irradiated aquatic organisms are described and the potential of marine copepods in assessing the risk of gamma radiation is discussed with respect to physiological adverse effects that even affect the ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Hans-U Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K Suresh Kumar
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea.
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M.K. PK, Soorambail K. S, Bhagatsingh Harisingh S, D’costa A, Ramesh Chandra C. The effect of gamma radiation on the Common carp (Cyprinus carpio): In vivo genotoxicity assessment with the micronucleus and comet assays. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 792:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Oujifard A, Amiri R, Shahhosseini G, Davoodi R, Moghaddam JA. Effect of gamma radiation on the growth, survival, hematology and histological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 165:259-265. [PMID: 26141584 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Effects of low (1, 2.5 and 5Gy) and high doses (10, 20 and 40Gy) of gamma radiation were examined on the growth, survival, blood parameters and morphological changes of the intestines of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae (103±20mg) after 12 weeks of exposure. Negative effects of gamma radiation on growth and survival were observed as radiation level and time increased. Changes were well documented at 10 and 20Gy. All the fish were dead at the dose of 40Gy. In all the treatments, levels of red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (HB) were significantly (P<0.05) declined as the irradiation levels increased, whereas the amount of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) did not change. No significant differences (P>0.05) were found in the levels of white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes and monocytes. Destruction of the intestinal epithelium cells was indicated as the irradiation levels increased to 1Gy and above. The highest levels of growth, survival, specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF) and protein efficiency rate (PER) were obtained in the control treatment. The results showed that gamma rays can be a potential means for damaging rainbow trout cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Oujifard
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Borazjan, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Roghayeh Amiri
- Department of Veterinary, Agricultural Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shahhosseini
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, TarbiatModares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Reza Davoodi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Borazjan, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, TarbiatModares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
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14
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Han J, Won EJ, Kim IC, Yim JH, Lee SJ, Lee JS. Sublethal gamma irradiation affects reproductive impairment and elevates antioxidant enzyme and DNA repair activities in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 155:101-109. [PMID: 25000471 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To examine the effects of gamma radiation on marine organisms, we irradiated several doses of gamma ray to the microzooplankton Brachionus koreanus, and measured in vivo and in vitro endpoints including the survival rate, lifespan, fecundity, population growth, gamma ray-induced oxidative stress, and modulated patterns of enzyme activities and gene expressions after DNA damage. After gamma radiation, no individuals showed any mortality within 96 h even at a high intensity (1200 Gy). However, a reduced fecundity (e.g. cumulated number of offspring) of B. koreanus at over 150 Gy was observed along with a slight decrease in lifespan. At 150 Gy and 200 Gy, the reduced fecundity of the rotifers led to a significant decrease in population growth, although in the second generation the population growth pattern was not affected even at 200 Gy when compared to the control group. At sub-lethal doses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels dose-dependently increased with GST enzyme activity. In addition, up-regulations of the antioxidant and chaperoning genes in response to gamma radiation were able to recover cellular damages, and life table parameters were significantly influenced, particularly with regard to fecundity. DNA repair-associated genes showed significantly up-regulated expression patterns in response to sublethal doses (150 and 200 Gy), as shown in the expression of the gamma-irradiated B. koreanus p53 gene, suggesting that these sublethal doses were not significantly fatal to B. koreanus but induced DNA damages leading to a decrease of the population size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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15
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Sayed AEDH, Oda S, Mitani H. Nuclear and cytoplasmic changes in erythrocytes of p53-deficient medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) after exposure to gamma-radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 771:64-70. [PMID: 24780117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have examined the effects of gamma-radiation on Japanese fish, in particular medaka (Oryzias latipes). In the present work, alterations in erythrocytes were recorded as haematological bio-indicators of exposure to gamma-radiation. After exposure of medaka fish to two different doses of radiation (2 Gy and 10 Gy), many malformations in red blood cells were observed in the irradiated fish compared with control fish. These malformations included acanthocytes, crenated cells, amoeboid cells, and sickle cells. More malformations were seen at the higher radiation dose. No micronuclei were seen in any group, but nuclear abnormalities were observed. We conclude that gamma-radiation causes morphological malformations of erythrocytes and is harmful to medaka fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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16
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Han J, Won EJ, Lee BY, Hwang UK, Kim IC, Yim JH, Leung KMY, Lee YS, Lee JS. Gamma rays induce DNA damage and oxidative stress associated with impaired growth and reproduction in the copepod Tigriopus japonicus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 152:264-272. [PMID: 24800869 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear radioisotope accidents are potentially ecologically devastating due to their impact on marine organisms. To examine the effects of exposure of a marine organism to radioisotopes, we irradiated the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus with several doses of gamma radiation and analyzed the effects on mortality, fecundity, and molting by assessing antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression patterns. No mortality was observed at 96h, even in response to exposure to a high dose (800Gy) of radiation, but mortality rate was significantly increased 120h (5 days) after exposure to 600 or 800Gy gamma ray radiation. We observed a dose-dependent reduction in fecundity of ovigerous females; even the group irradiated with 50Gy showed a significant reduction in fecundity, suggesting that gamma rays are likely to have a population level effect. In addition, we observed growth retardation, particularly at the nauplius stage, in individuals after gamma irradiation. In fact, nauplii irradiated with more than 200Gy, though able to molt to copepodite stage 1, did not develop into adults. Upon gamma radiation, T. japonicus showed a dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the activities of several antioxidant enzymes, and expression of double-stranded DNA break damage genes (e.g. DNA-PK, Ku70, Ku80). At a low level (sub-lethal dose) of gamma irradiation, we found dose-dependent upregulation of p53, implying cellular damage in T. japonicus in response to sub-lethal doses of gamma irradiation, suggesting that T. japonicus is not susceptible to sub-lethal doses of gamma irradiation. Additionally, antioxidant genes, phase II enzyme (e.g. GSTs), and cellular chaperone genes (e.g. Hsps) that are involved in cellular defense mechanisms also showed the same expression patterns for sublethal doses of gamma irradiation (50-200Gy). These findings indicate that sublethal doses of gamma radiation can induce oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage and increase the expression of antioxidant enzymes and proteins with chaperone-related functions, thereby significantly affecting life history parameters such as fecundity and molting in the copepod T. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Bo-Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Un-Ki Hwang
- Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Incheon 400-420, South Korea
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Kenneth Mei Yee Leung
- School of Biological Sciences and the Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Sung Lee
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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17
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Won EJ, Lee JS. Gamma radiation induces growth retardation, impaired egg production, and oxidative stress in the marine copepod Paracyclopina nana. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 150:17-26. [PMID: 24632311 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Accidental nuclear radioisotope release into the ocean from nuclear power plants is of concern due to ecological and health risks. In this study, we used the marine copepod Paracyclopina nana to examine the effects of radioisotopes on marine organisms upon gamma radiation, and to measure the effects on growth and fecundity, which affect population and community structure. Upon gamma radiation, mortality (LD50 - 96 h=172 Gy) in P. nana was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in ovigerous P. nana females. For developmental impairment of gamma-irradiated nauplii, we observed growth retardation; in over 30 Gy-irradiated groups, offspring did not grow to adults. Particularly, over 50 Gy-irradiated ovigerous P. nana females did not have normal bilateral egg sacs, and their offspring did not develop normally to adulthood. Additionally, at over 30 Gy, we found dose-dependent increases in oxidative levels with elevated antioxidant enzyme activities and DNA repair activities. These findings indicate that gamma radiation can induce oxidative stress and DNA damage with growth retardation and impaired reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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18
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Anbumani S, Mohankumar MN. Gamma radiation induced micronuclei and erythrocyte cellular abnormalities in the fish Catla catla. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 122-123:125-132. [PMID: 22771702 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation induced DNA damage in fishes is a scarcely studied topic and very few studies are available in fishes exposed to ionizing radiation using the erythrocyte micronucleus assay under laboratory conditions. Since radionuclides released accidentally or during a nuclear disaster can contaminate inland water bodies, biomonitoring methods are required for assessing the impacts of high and low levels of radiation that may ultimately result in ionizing radiation exposure to both humans and non-human biota. Fresh water fish, Catla catla were subjected to protracted (0.002 Gy/min) and acute (3.2 Gy/min) gamma radiation to a total dose of 5 Gy. Peripheral blood samples were collected at different intervals (days 3, 6, 12, 18, 30, 45, 90, 135, 202) and analyzed by the erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Nuclear anomalies observed were micronuclei (MN), deformed nuclei (DN), nuclear bud (NBu), nuclear bridge (NBr), vacuolated nucleus (VN), binucleated cell (BNC), apoptotic cells (AC) while cytoplasmic abnormalities detected were vacuolated cytoplasm (VC), anisochromasia (AN), echinocytes (EC) and enucleus (EN). Both exposures caused a statistically significant increase in nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities that correlated with micronucleus and other nuclear anomalies. However, the extent of damage is higher after an acute exposure lasting for a longer period leading to apoptosis. Nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities are the resultants of gamma radiation induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anbumani
- Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu 603102, India
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19
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Rhee JS, Kim BM, Kang CM, Lee YM, Lee JS. Gamma irradiation-induced oxidative stress and developmental impairment in the hermaphroditic fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus embryo. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:1745-1753. [PMID: 22553164 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of gamma radiation on the early developmental stages in hermaphroditic fish embryos of Kryptolebias marmoratus. The authors measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and antioxidant enzyme activities with the endpoint hatching rate after gamma irradiation of different embryonic stages. Then, the transcriptional changes of antioxidant enzyme-coding genes were evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in response to gamma radiation on embryonic stages. Gamma radiation inhibited hatching rate and caused developmental impairment in a dose-dependent manner. Embryos showed tolerances in a developmental stage-dependent manner, indicating that early embryonic stages were more sensitive to the negative effects of gamma radiation than were later stages. After 5 Gy rate of radiation, the ROS level increased significantly at embryonic stages 2, 3, and 4 with a significant induction of all antioxidant enzyme activities. The expressions of glutathione S-transferase isoforms, catalase, superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD), glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase mRNA were upregulated in a dose-and-developmental stage-dependent manner. This finding indicates that gamma radiation can induce oxidative stress and subsequently modulates the expression of antioxidant enzyme-coding genes as one of the defense mechanisms. Interestingly, embryonic stage 1 exposed to gamma radiation showed a decreased expression in most antioxidant enzyme-coding genes, suggesting that this is also related to a lower hatching rate and developmental impairment. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular mode of action of gamma radiation in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Rhee
- The Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Mohankumar MN, Anbumani S. Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Abnormalities in the Fish Catla catla (Hamilton) Exposed to Chemicals and Ionizing Radiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/rjes.2011.867.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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