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Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU. Exploring neutrophil functionality in breast cancer progression: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37654. [PMID: 38552040 PMCID: PMC10977563 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a pressing global health concern, with a myriad of intricate factors contributing to its development, progression, and heterogeneity. Among these multifaceted elements, the role of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment is gaining increasing attention. In this context, neutrophils, traditionally regarded as the first responders to infections, are emerging as noteworthy participants in the complex landscape of breast cancer. This paper seeks to unravel the intricate and multifaceted role of neutrophils in breast cancer. Neutrophils, classically known for their phagocytic and pro-inflammatory functions, are now recognized for their involvement in promoting or restraining tumor growth. While their presence within the tumor microenvironment may exert antitumor effects through immune surveillance and cytotoxic activities, these innate immune cells can also facilitate tumor progression by fostering an immunosuppressive milieu, promoting angiogenesis, and aiding metastatic dissemination. The intricacies of neutrophil-tumor cell interactions, signaling pathways, and mechanisms governing their recruitment to the tumor site are explored in detail. Challenges and gaps in current knowledge are acknowledged, and future directions for research are outlined. This review underscores the dynamic and context-dependent role of neutrophils in breast cancer and emphasizes the significance of unraveling their multifaceted contributions. As we delve into the complexities of the immune landscape in breast cancer, a deeper understanding of the warriors within, the neutrophils, presents exciting prospects for the development of novel therapeutic strategies and a more comprehensive approach to breast cancer management.
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Kakumoto A, Jamiyan T, Kuroda H, Harada O, Yamaguchi-Isochi T, Baba S, Kato Y, Nishihara H, Kawami H. Prognostic impact of tumor-associated neutrophils in breast cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2024; 17:51-62. [PMID: 38577697 PMCID: PMC10988089 DOI: 10.62347/jqdq1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neutrophils are the most common type of leukocyte in mammals and play an essential role in the innate immune system and anti-cancer responses. However, recent studies identified the presence of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) as a poor prognostic factor. The present study investigated whether relationships exist between TANs and the clinicopathological factors and genetic status of breast cancer. METHODS A total of 196 breast cancer patients with sufficient biopsy, breast-conserving surgery, or mastectomy specimens between 2014 and 2021 in Hokuto Hospital were included. RESULTS TANs were individually counted in the tumor stroma (TS) and tumor nest (TN). A higher density of TANs in both TS and TN correlated with tumor size (TS P = 0.010; TN P = 0.001), a high histological grade (TS P < 0.001; TN P < 0.001), the histological type (TS P = 0.009; TN P = 0.034), a high ratio of lymph node metastasis (TS P < 0.001; TN P < 0.001), an advanced stage of cancer (TS P < 0.001; TN P = 0.002), intrinsic subtypes (TS P < 0.001; TN P < 0.001), ERBB2 (TS P < 0.001; TN P < 0.001), MAP3K1 (TS P = 0.002; TN P = 0.023), and TP53 (TS P < 0.001; TN P < 0.001). A higher density of TANs in TS and TN also correlated with shorter disease-free survival and overall survival (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The present results suggest that a higher density of TANs correlates with unfavorable prognostic factors in breast cancer. Further research on clinicopathological and genetic factors associated with TANs in breast cancer is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinari Kakumoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Adachi Medical Center 4-33-1 KohokuAdachi-Ku, Tokyo 123-0872, Japan
| | - Tsengelmaa Jamiyan
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical SciencesUlan Bator 14210, Mongolia
| | - Hajime Kuroda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Adachi Medical Center 4-33-1 KohokuAdachi-Ku, Tokyo 123-0872, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hokuto HospitalObihiro, Hokkaido 080-0833, Japan
| | - Oi Harada
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hokuto HospitalObihiro, Hokkaido 080-0833, Japan
- Breast Center, Showa UniversityTokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | | | - Shogo Baba
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cancer Medical Science, Hokuto HospitalObihiro, Hokkaido 080-0833, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kato
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hokuto HospitalObihiro, Hokkaido 080-0833, Japan
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of MedicineTokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hokuto HospitalObihiro, Hokkaido 080-0833, Japan
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of MedicineTokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawami
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hokuto HospitalObihiro, Hokkaido 080-0833, Japan
- Center for Breast Diseases and Breast Cancer, Hokuto Hospital and ClinicObihiro, Hokkaido 080-0833, Japan
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Akinsipe T, Mohamedelhassan R, Akinpelu A, Pondugula SR, Mistriotis P, Avila LA, Suryawanshi A. Cellular interactions in tumor microenvironment during breast cancer progression: new frontiers and implications for novel therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1302587. [PMID: 38533507 PMCID: PMC10963559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1302587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) is dynamic, with various immune and non-immune cells interacting to regulate tumor progression and anti-tumor immunity. It is now evident that the cells within the TME significantly contribute to breast cancer progression and resistance to various conventional and newly developed anti-tumor therapies. Both immune and non-immune cells in the TME play critical roles in tumor onset, uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to anti-tumor therapies. Consequently, molecular and cellular components of breast TME have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for developing novel treatments. The breast TME primarily comprises cancer cells, stromal cells, vasculature, and infiltrating immune cells. Currently, numerous clinical trials targeting specific TME components of breast cancer are underway. However, the complexity of the TME and its impact on the evasion of anti-tumor immunity necessitate further research to develop novel and improved breast cancer therapies. The multifaceted nature of breast TME cells arises from their phenotypic and functional plasticity, which endows them with both pro and anti-tumor roles during tumor progression. In this review, we discuss current understanding and recent advances in the pro and anti-tumoral functions of TME cells and their implications for developing safe and effective therapies to control breast cancer progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Akinsipe
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Rania Mohamedelhassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ayuba Akinpelu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Satyanarayana R. Pondugula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - L. Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Khalid F, Takagi K, Sato A, Yamaguchi M, Guestini F, Miki Y, Miyashita M, Hirakawa H, Ohi Y, Rai Y, Sagara Y, Sasano H, Suzuki T. Interleukin (IL)-17A in triple-negative breast cancer: a potent prognostic factor associated with intratumoral neutrophil infiltration. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:748-757. [PMID: 37178415 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized as highly immunogenic and lacks specific targeted therapies. Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) is a controversial cytokine and is known to have anti-tumor and pro-tumor roles depending on the tumor microenvironment. In addition, IL-17A has been recently implicated in the recruitments of neutrophil into tumor tissues. Although IL-17A is considered tumor-promoting in breast cancer, its significance in the possible regulation of neutrophil infiltration in TNBC is not clearly defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS We immunolocalized IL-17A, CD66b (neutrophil marker), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1, neutrophil chemoattractant) in 108 TNBC specimens and assessed their correlation among each other. The correlation between these markers and clinicopathological parameters was also assessed. We subsequently performed in vitro study to address the possible regulation of CXCL1 by IL-17A using TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and HCC-38. RESULTS It was revealed that IL-17A correlated significantly with CXCL1 and CD66b, also CD66b with CXCL1. Furthermore, IL-17A was significantly associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival, especially in a high density CD66b group of patients. In vitro results revealed that IL-17A upregulated CXCL1 mRNA expression in a dose and time dependent manner, and this induction was significantly suppressed by an Akt inhibitor. CONCLUSION IL-17A was considered to contribute to neutrophil infiltration by inducing CXCL1 in TNBC tissues and educating neutrophils to promote tumor progression. IL-17A might therefore serve as a potent prognostic factor in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freeha Khalid
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Ai Sato
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mio Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Fouzia Guestini
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, 6-45-1 Kunimi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8551, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hirakawa
- Department of Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Sendai Hospital, 2-1-1 Murasakiyama, Izumi-ku, Sendai, 981-3281, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku Kosai Hospital, 2-3-11 Kokubun-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0803, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Ohi
- Department of Pathology, Hakuaikai Sagara Hospital, 3-31 Matsubara-machi, Kagoshima, 892-0833, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Rai
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Hakuaikai Sagara Hospital, 3-31 Matsubara-machi, Kagoshima, 892-0833, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Sagara
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Hakuaikai Sagara Hospital, 3-31 Matsubara-machi, Kagoshima, 892-0833, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
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Zheng C, Xu X, Wu M, Xue L, Zhu J, Xia H, Ding S, Fu S, Wang X, Wang Y, He G, Liu X, Deng X. Neutrophils in triple-negative breast cancer: an underestimated player with increasingly recognized importance. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:88. [PMID: 37496019 PMCID: PMC10373263 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer, with limited therapeutic options readily available. Immunotherapy such as immune checkpoint inhibition has been investigated in TNBC but still encounters low overall response. Neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in the body, are increasingly recognized as an active cancer-modulating entity. In the bloodstream, neutrophils escort circulating tumor cells to promote their survival and stimulate their proliferation and metastasis. In the tumor microenvironment, neutrophils modulate the immune milieu through polarization between the anti-tumor and the pro-tumor phenotypes. Through a comprehensive review of recently published literature, it is evident that neutrophils are an important player in TNBC immunobiology and can be used as an important prognostic marker of TNBC. Particularly, in their pro-tumor form, neutrophils facilitate TNBC metastasis through formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and the pre-metastatic niche. These findings will help advance the potential utilization of neutrophils as a therapeutic target in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Muyao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Hongzhuo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shujun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangchun He
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Martinez-Cannon BA, Garcia-Ronquillo K, Rivera-Franco MM, Leon-Rodriguez E. Do circulating neutrophil extracellular traps predict recurrence in early breast cancer? Front Oncol 2023; 12:1044611. [PMID: 36727077 PMCID: PMC9885139 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1044611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), three-dimensional structures formed by neutrophil enzymes such as neutrophil elastase (NE) and nuclear components (DNA), have been associated with progression and metastasis in breast cancer (BC). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of circulating NETs with clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes in early BC. Methods A prospective cohort included women with newly diagnosed early BC. NETs were defined as the presence of NE-DNA complexes in plasma, measured by optical density. Levels of NETs were dichotomized according to the median, as low and high levels of circulating NETs. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate associations between NETs and clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan Meier method and log-rank test. Results Forty patients were included, 23 (57.5%) patients with low and 17 (42.5%) with high levels of circulating NETs. No associations were found between clinicopathological characteristics and circulating NETs levels. Recurrence (p = 0.99) and site of recurrence (p = 0.99) were not statistically associated with plasma NETs levels. Overall, recurrence-free survival was not statistically different between circulating levels of NETs. Conclusions With a short follow-up and low number of events, our results suggest that circulating levels of NETs at diagnosis of early BC are not associated with more aggressive clinicopathological characteristics, recurrence, or site of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Garcia-Ronquillo
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Monica M. Rivera-Franco
- Eurocord, Hôpital Saint-Louis APHP, Institut de Recherche de Saint-Louis (IRSL) EA3518, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eucario Leon-Rodriguez
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico,*Correspondence: Eucario Leon-Rodriguez,
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Intratumoral pro-oxidants promote cancer immunotherapy by recruiting and reprogramming neutrophils to eliminate tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:527-542. [PMID: 36066649 PMCID: PMC9446783 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils have recently gained recognition for their potential in the fight against cancer. Neutrophil plasticity between the N1 anti-tumor and N2 pro-tumor subtypes is now apparent, as is the ability to polarize these individual subtypes by interventions such as intratumoral injection of various agents including bacterial products or pro-oxidants. Metabolic responses and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide act as potent chemoattractants and activators of N1 neutrophils that facilitates their recruitment and ensuing activation of a toxic respiratory burst in tumors. Greater understanding of the precise mechanism of N1 neutrophil activation, recruitment and regulation is now needed to fully exploit their anti-tumor potential against cancers both locally and at distant sites. This systematic review critically analyzes these new developments in cancer immunotherapy.
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Mahmud Z, Rahman A, Mishu ID, Kabir Y. Mechanistic insights into the interplays between neutrophils and other immune cells in cancer development and progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:405-432. [PMID: 35314951 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered a major public health concern worldwide and is characterized by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells. The human immune system recognizes cancerous cells and induces innate immunity to destroy those cells. However, sustained tumors may protect themselves by developing immune escape mechanisms through multiple soluble and cellular mediators. Neutrophils are the most plenteous leukocytes in the human blood and are crucial for immune defense in infection and inflammation. Besides, neutrophils emancipate the antimicrobial contents, secrete different cytokines or chemokines, and interact with other immune cells to combat and successfully kill cancerous cells. Conversely, many clinical and experimental studies signpost that being a polarized and heterogeneous population with plasticity, neutrophils, particularly their subpopulations, act as a modulator of cancer development by promoting tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Studies also suggest that tumor infiltrating macrophages, neutrophils, and other innate immune cells support tumor growth and survival. Additionally, neutrophils promote tumor cell invasion, migration and intravasation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, survival of cancer cells in the circulation, seeding, and extravasation of tumor cells, and advanced growth and development of cancer cells to form metastases. In this manuscript, we describe and review recent studies on the mechanisms for neutrophil recruitment, activation, and their interplay with different immune cells to promote their pro-tumorigenic functions. Understanding the detailed mechanisms of neutrophil-tumor cell interactions and the concomitant roles of other immune cells will substantially improve the clinical utility of neutrophils in cancer and eventually may aid in the identification of biomarkers for cancer prognosis and the development of novel therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Yearul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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CXCR2 Mediates Distinct Neutrophil Behavior in Brain Metastatic Breast Tumor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030515. [PMID: 35158784 PMCID: PMC8833752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis is one of the main causes of mortality among breast cancer patients, but the origins and the mechanisms that drive this process remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the upregulation of certain CXCR2-associated ligands in the brain metastatic variants of the breast cancer cells (BrM) dynamically activate the corresponding CXCR2 receptors on the neutrophils, thereby resulting in the modulation of certain key functional neutrophil responses towards the BrM. Using established neutrophil-tumor biomimetic co-culture models, we show that the upregulation of CXCR2 increases the recruitment of Tumor-Associated Neutrophils (TANs) towards the BrM, to enable location-favored formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). Inhibition of CXCR2 using small molecule antagonist AZD5069 reversed this behavior, limiting the neutrophil responses to the BrM and retarding the reciprocal tumor development. We further demonstrate that abrogation of NETs formation using Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor (NEI) significantly decreases the influx of neutrophils towards BrM but not to their parental tumor, suggesting that CXCR2 activation could be used by the brain metastatic tumors as a mechanism to program the tumor-infiltrating TANs into a pro-NETotic state, so as to assume a unique spatial distribution that assists in the subsequent migration and invasion of the metastatic tumor cells. This new perspective indicates that CXCR2 is a critical target for suppressing neutrophilic inflammation in brain metastasis.
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Perrone M, Talarico G, Chiodoni C, Sangaletti S. Impact of Immune Cell Heterogeneity on HER2+ Breast Cancer Prognosis and Response to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6352. [PMID: 34944971 PMCID: PMC8699132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a high degree of diversity among and within tumors, and in relation to its different tumor microenvironment. Compared to other oncotypes, such as melanoma or lung cancer, breast cancer is considered a "cold" tumor, characterized by low T lymphocyte infiltration and low tumor mutational burden. However, more recent evidence argues against this idea and indicates that, at least for specific molecular breast cancer subtypes, the immune infiltrate may be clinically relevant and heterogeneous, with significant variations in its stromal cell/protein composition across patients and tumor stages. High numbers of tumor-infiltrating T cells are most frequent in HER2-positive and basal-like molecular subtypes and are generally associated with a good prognosis and response to therapies. However, effector immune infiltrates show protective immunity in some cancers but not in others. This could depend on one or more immunosuppressive mechanisms acting alone or in concert. Some of them might include, in addition to immune cells, other tumor microenvironment determinants such as the extracellular matrix composition and stiffness as well as stromal cells, like fibroblasts and adipocytes, that may prevent cytotoxic T cells from infiltrating the tumor microenvironment or may inactivate their antitumor functions. This review will summarize the state of the different immune tumor microenvironment determinants affecting HER2+ breast tumor progression, their response to treatment, and how they are modified by different therapeutic approaches. Potential targets within the immune tumor microenvironment will also be discussed.
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Anuraga G, Wang WJ, Phan NN, An Ton NT, Ta HDK, Berenice Prayugo F, Minh Xuan DT, Ku SC, Wu YF, Andriani V, Athoillah M, Lee KH, Wang CY. Potential Prognostic Biomarkers of NIMA (Never in Mitosis, Gene A)-Related Kinase (NEK) Family Members in Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1089. [PMID: 34834441 PMCID: PMC8625415 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most common malignant cancer in women, with a staggering incidence of two million cases annually worldwide; therefore, it is crucial to explore novel biomarkers to assess the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer patients. NIMA-related kinase (NEK) protein kinase contains 11 family members named NEK1-NEK11, which were discovered from Aspergillus Nidulans; however, the role of NEK family genes for tumor development remains unclear and requires additional study. In the present study, we investigate the prognosis relationships of NEK family genes for breast cancer development, as well as the gene expression signature via the bioinformatics approach. The results of several integrative analyses revealed that most of the NEK family genes are overexpressed in breast cancer. Among these family genes, NEK2/6/8 overexpression had poor prognostic significance in distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in breast cancer patients. Meanwhile, NEK2/6 had the highest level of DNA methylation, and the functional enrichment analysis from MetaCore and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) suggested that NEK2 was associated with the cell cycle, G2M checkpoint, DNA repair, E2F, MYC, MTORC1, and interferon-related signaling. Moreover, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) results showed that the transcriptional levels of NEK2 were positively correlated with immune infiltration of B cells and CD4+ T Cell. Collectively, the current study indicated that NEK family genes, especially NEK2 which is involved in immune infiltration, and may serve as prognosis biomarkers for breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangga Anuraga
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (G.A.); (H.D.K.T.); (K.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.B.P.); (D.T.M.X.); (S.-C.K.)
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya 60234, Indonesia;
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40604, Taiwan;
| | - Nam Nhut Phan
- Institute for Environmental Science, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.P.); (N.T.A.T.)
| | - Nu Thuy An Ton
- Institute for Environmental Science, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.P.); (N.T.A.T.)
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Ta
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (G.A.); (H.D.K.T.); (K.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.B.P.); (D.T.M.X.); (S.-C.K.)
| | - Fidelia Berenice Prayugo
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.B.P.); (D.T.M.X.); (S.-C.K.)
| | - Do Thi Minh Xuan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.B.P.); (D.T.M.X.); (S.-C.K.)
| | - Su-Chi Ku
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.B.P.); (D.T.M.X.); (S.-C.K.)
| | - Yung-Fu Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Vivin Andriani
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya 60234, Indonesia;
| | - Muhammad Athoillah
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya 60234, Indonesia;
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (G.A.); (H.D.K.T.); (K.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.B.P.); (D.T.M.X.); (S.-C.K.)
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (G.A.); (H.D.K.T.); (K.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.B.P.); (D.T.M.X.); (S.-C.K.)
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12
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Neagu AN, Whitham D, Buonanno E, Jenkins A, Alexa-Stratulat T, Tamba BI, Darie CC. Proteomics and its applications in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4006-4049. [PMID: 34659875 PMCID: PMC8493401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is an individually unique, multi-faceted and chameleonic disease, an eternal challenge for the new era of high-integrated precision diagnostic and personalized oncomedicine. Besides traditional single-omics fields (such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics) and multi-omics contributions (proteogenomics, proteotranscriptomics or reproductomics), several new "-omics" approaches and exciting proteomics subfields are contributing to basic and advanced understanding of these "multiple diseases termed breast cancer": phenomics/cellomics, connectomics and interactomics, secretomics, matrisomics, exosomics, angiomics, chaperomics and epichaperomics, phosphoproteomics, ubiquitinomics, metalloproteomics, terminomics, degradomics and metadegradomics, adhesomics, stressomics, microbiomics, immunomics, salivaomics, materiomics and other biomics. Throughout the extremely complex neoplastic process, a Breast Cancer Cell Continuum Concept (BCCCC) has been modeled in this review as a spatio-temporal and holistic approach, as long as the breast cancer represents a complex cascade comprising successively integrated populations of heterogeneous tumor and cancer-associated cells, that reflect the carcinoma's progression from a "driving mutation" and formation of the breast primary tumor, toward the distant secondary tumors in different tissues and organs, via circulating tumor cell populations. This BCCCC is widely sustained by a Breast Cancer Proteomic Continuum Concept (BCPCC), where each phenotype of neoplastic and tumor-associated cells is characterized by a changing and adaptive proteomic profile detected in solid and liquid minimal invasive biopsies by complex proteomics approaches. Such a profile is created, beginning with the proteomic landscape of different neoplastic cell populations and cancer-associated cells, followed by subsequent analysis of protein biomarkers involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and intravasation, circulating tumor cell proteomics, and, finally, by protein biomarkers that highlight the extravasation and distant metastatic invasion. Proteomics technologies are producing important data in breast cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers discovery and validation, are detecting genetic aberrations at the proteome level, describing functional and regulatory pathways and emphasizing specific protein and peptide profiles in human tissues, biological fluids, cell lines and animal models. Also, proteomics can identify different breast cancer subtypes and specific protein and proteoform expression, can assess the efficacy of cancer therapies at cellular and tissular level and can even identify new therapeutic target proteins in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of IașiCarol I bvd. No. 22, Iași 700505, Romania
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Emma Buonanno
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Avalon Jenkins
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Teodora Alexa-Stratulat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and PharmacyIndependenței bvd. No. 16-18, Iași 700021, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and PharmacyMihail Kogălniceanu Street No. 9-13, Iași 700454, Romania
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
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13
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Neutrophil in the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081170. [PMID: 34439836 PMCID: PMC8394314 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignancy with a poor prognosis and low survival rates. PDAC is characterized by a fibroinflammatory tumor microenvironment enriched by abundant fibroblasts and a variety of immune cells, contributing to its aggressiveness. Neutrophils are essential infiltrating immune cells in the PDAC microenvironment. Recent studies have identified several cellular mechanisms by which neutrophils are recruited to tumor lesion and promote tumorigenesis. This review summarizes the current understanding of the interplay between neutrophils, tumor cells, and other components in the PDAC tumor microenvironment. The prognosis and therapeutic implications of neutrophils in PDAC are also discussed.
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14
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Prognostic Relevance of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in Luminal Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis in the Neoadjuvant Setting. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071685. [PMID: 34359855 PMCID: PMC8303552 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a promising predictive and prognostic factor in breast cancer. We investigated its ability to predict disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with luminal A- or luminal B-HER2-negative breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Pre-treatment complete blood cell counts from 168 consecutive patients with luminal breast cancer were evaluated to assess NLR. The study population was stratified into NLRlow or NLRhigh according to a cut-off value established by receiving operator curve (ROC) analysis. Data on additional pre- and post-treatment clinical-pathological characteristics were also collected. Kaplan–Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards models were used for statistical analyses. Patients with pre-treatment NLRlow showed a significantly shorter DFS (HR: 6.97, 95% CI: 1.65–10.55, p = 0.002) and OS (HR: 7.79, 95% CI: 1.25–15.07, p = 0.021) compared to those with NLRhigh. Non-ductal histology, luminal B subtype, and post-treatment Ki67 ≥ 14% were also associated with worse DFS (p = 0.016, p = 0.002, and p = 0.001, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, luminal B subtype, post-treatment Ki67 ≥ 14%, and NLRlow remained independent prognostic factors for DFS, while only post-treatment Ki67 ≥ 14% and NLRlow affected OS. The present study provides evidence that pre-treatment NLRlow helps identify women at higher risk of recurrence and death among patients affected by luminal breast cancer treated with NACT.
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15
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SenGupta S, Hein LE, Xu Y, Zhang J, Konwerski JR, Li Y, Johnson C, Cai D, Smith JL, Parent CA. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Recruit Neutrophils by Secreting TGF-β and CXCR2 Ligands. Front Immunol 2021; 12:659996. [PMID: 33912188 PMCID: PMC8071875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.659996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated neutrophils (TANs) are frequently detected in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Recent studies also reveal the importance of neutrophils in promoting tumor progression and metastasis during breast cancer. However, the mechanisms regulating neutrophil trafficking to breast tumors are less clear. We sought to determine whether neutrophil trafficking to breast tumors is determined directly by the malignant potential of cancer cells. We found that tumor conditioned media (TCM) harvested from highly aggressive, metastatic TNBC cells induced a polarized morphology and robust neutrophil migration, while TCM derived from poorly aggressive estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cells had no activity. In a three-dimensional (3D) type-I collagen matrix, neutrophils migrated toward TCM from aggressive breast cancer cells with increased velocity and directionality. Moreover, in a neutrophil-tumor spheroid co-culture system, neutrophils migrated with increased directionality towards spheroids generated from TNBC cells compared to ER+ cells. Based on these findings, we next sought to characterize the active factors secreted by TNBC cell lines. We found that TCM-induced neutrophil migration is dependent on tumor-derived chemokines, and screening TCM elution fractions based on their ability to induce polarized neutrophil morphology revealed the molecular weight of the active factors to be around 12 kDa. TCM from TNBC cell lines contained copious amounts of GRO (CXCL1/2/3) chemokines and TGF-β cytokines compared to ER+ cell-derived TCM. TCM activity was inhibited by simultaneously blocking receptors specific to GRO chemokines and TGF-β, while the activity remained intact in the presence of either single receptor inhibitor. Together, our findings establish a direct link between the malignant potential of breast cancer cells and their ability to induce neutrophil migration. Our study also uncovers a novel coordinated function of TGF-β and GRO chemokines responsible for guiding neutrophil trafficking to the breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvasree SenGupta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lauren E Hein
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jason Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jamie R Konwerski
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Craig Johnson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dawen Cai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Janet L Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Carole A Parent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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16
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Lianyuan T, Gang L, Ming T, Dianrong X, Chunhui Y, Zhaolai M, Bin J. Tumor associated neutrophils promote the metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:937-945. [PMID: 32835587 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1807250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in the metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), to explore the regulation of TANs, and to determine the mechanisms governing the metastasis of PDAC. The correlation between neutrophils and the patient's clinical pathological data was first evaluated. Then, the effects of neutrophils on the invasion of PDAC were analyzed using a combination of conditioned media, direct and indirect coculture of human peripheral blood neutrophils, and PDAC cell lines (Panc-1, MiaPaCa-2 and AsPC-1). The cytokines secreted by neutrophils were detected through ELISA. TAN density was significantly correlated with poor metastasis-free survival (P < .05). Through coculture, it was found that the effect of neutrophils on pancreatic cancer cells was dependent on concentration, and a high concentration of neutrophils showed a lethal effect, while a low concentration of neutrophils primarily promoted the migration ability of cancer cells. The results of the wound-healing assay, the Transwell invasion assay, and laser confocal microscopy confirmed the promoting effect and indicated that the effect of neutrophils toward cancer cells may function indirectly by releasing a series of cytokines. The results of ELISA show that this effect may be achieved through the secretion of a large amount of TNF-α and TGF-β1 by neutrophils. Our study indicated that neutrophils may increase the metastasis of PDAC by releasing a series of cell cytokines, such as TNF-α and TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lianyuan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University , Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Gang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ming
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Dianrong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chunhui
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Ma Zhaolai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Bin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
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17
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Zhang W, Shen Y, Huang H, Pan S, Jiang J, Chen W, Zhang T, Zhang C, Ni C. A Rosetta Stone for Breast Cancer: Prognostic Value and Dynamic Regulation of Neutrophil in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1779. [PMID: 32849640 PMCID: PMC7426521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed that the initiation and progression of breast cancer are greatly affected by the immune environment. Neutrophils are the most abundant leucocytes in circulation and act as the spearhead in inflammation, including in breast cancer. Circulating neutrophils are closely related to the prognosis of breast cancer patients, and tumor-infiltrating neutrophils have varied functions at different stages of breast cancer, such as antitumor or tumor-promoting neutrophils, which are termed N1 and N2 neutrophils, respectively. In this review, we will discuss the utility of circulating neutrophils for predicting prognosis and therapeutic efficacy and the underlying mechanisms of their chemotaxis, the dynamic regulation of their antitumor or protumor functions and their different spatial distributions in tumor microenvironment. Finally, we also discuss the possibility of targeting neutrophils as a therapeutic strategy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Pan
- School of Medicine, Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wuzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Zeindler J, Angehrn F, Droeser R, Däster S, Piscuoglio S, Ng CKY, Kilic E, Mechera R, Meili S, Isaak A, Weber WP, Muenst S, Soysal SD. Infiltration by myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophils is an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:581-589. [PMID: 31267330 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme secreted by neutrophil granulocytes as a result of phagocytosis during inflammation. In colorectal cancer, tumour infiltration by MPO expressing cells has been shown to be independently associated with a favourable prognosis. In this study, we explored the role of MPO-positive cell infiltration and its prognostic significance in invasive breast cancer. METHODS We performed immunohistochemical staining for MPO on multiple tissue microarrays comprising a total of 928 human breast cancer samples with detailed clinical-pathological annotation and outcome data. RESULTS MPO-positive cell infiltration (≥ 5 cells/tissue punch) was found in 150 (16%) of the 928 evaluable breast cancer cases. In univariate survival analyses, infiltration by MPO-positive cells was associated with a significantly better overall survival (p < 0.001). In subset univariate analyses, the infiltration by MPO-positive cells was associated with significantly better overall survival in the Luminal B/HER2-negative subtype (p = 0.005), the HER2 enriched subtype (p = 0.011), and the Triple Negative subtype (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, MPO expression proved to be an independent prognostic factor for improved overall survival (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that infiltration of MPO-positive cells is an independent prognostic biomarker for improved overall survival in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Zeindler
- Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fiorenzo Angehrn
- Department of Surgery, Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Droeser
- Department of Surgery, Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Däster
- Department of Surgery, Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Visceral Surgery Research Laboratory, Clarunis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ergin Kilic
- Institute of Pathology, Hospital Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Robert Mechera
- Department of Surgery, Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Meili
- Department of Surgery, Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Isaak
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter P Weber
- Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Muenst
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Savas Deniz Soysal
- Department of Surgery, Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Visceral Surgery Research Laboratory, Clarunis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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