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Elli L, Leffler D, Cellier C, Lebwohl B, Ciacci C, Schumann M, Lundin KEA, Chetcuti Zammit S, Sidhu R, Roncoroni L, Bai JC, Lee AR, Dennis M, Robert ME, Rostami K, Khater S, Comino I, Cebolla A, Branchi F, Verdu EF, Stefanolo JP, Wolf R, Bergman-Golden S, Trott N, Scudeller L, Zingone F, Scaramella L, Sanders DS. Guidelines for best practices in monitoring established coeliac disease in adult patients. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:198-215. [PMID: 38110546 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Coeliac disease (CeD) is an immunological disease triggered by the consumption of gluten contained in food in individuals with a genetic predisposition. Diagnosis is based on the presence of small bowel mucosal atrophy and circulating autoantibodies (anti-type 2 transglutaminase antibodies). After diagnosis, patients follow a strict, life-long gluten-free diet. Although the criteria for diagnosis of this disease are well defined, the monitoring phase has been studied less and there is a lack of specific guidelines for this phase. To develop a set of clinical guidelines for CeD monitoring, we followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Statements and recommendations with the level of evidence were developed and approved by the working group, which comprised gastroenterologists, pathologists, dieticians and biostatisticians. The proposed guidelines, endorsed by the North American and European coeliac disease scientific societies, make recommendations for best practices in monitoring patients with CeD based on the available evidence. The evidence level is low for many topics, suggesting that further research in specific aspects of CeD would be valuable. In conclusion, the present guidelines support clinicians in improving CeD treatment and follow-up and highlight novel issues that should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Elli
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease-Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniel Leffler
- Celiac Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christophe Cellier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, CELAC network, AP-HP Centre, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, Cité and Institut National du Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Lebwohl
- Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolina Ciacci
- Center for Celiac Disease, Gastrointestinal Unit, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona and Department of Medicine Surgery Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Michael Schumann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Reena Sidhu
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Leda Roncoroni
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease-Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Julio C Bai
- Department of Medicine, Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anne R Lee
- Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melinda Dennis
- Celiac Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie E Robert
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kamran Rostami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Palmerston North District Health Board (DHB), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sherine Khater
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, CELAC network, AP-HP Centre, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, Cité and Institut National du Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Isabel Comino
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Federica Branchi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Stefanolo
- Department of Medicine, Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Randi Wolf
- Program in Nutrition, Department of Health Studies & Applied Educational Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheba Bergman-Golden
- Program in Nutrition, Department of Health Studies & Applied Educational Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nick Trott
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luigia Scudeller
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabiana Zingone
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Scaramella
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease-Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - David S Sanders
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Motazedian N, Sayadi M, Mashhadiagha A, Moosavi SA, Khademian F, Niknam R. Metabolic Syndrome in Celiac Disease: What Does Following a One-Year Gluten-Free Diet Bring? Middle East J Dig Dis 2023; 15:185-189. [PMID: 38023464 PMCID: PMC10660316 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2023.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of conditions that occur together and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have linked a gluten-free diet (GFD) to obesity and MetS in some populations. However, others have suggested that weight gain is usually regulated only in underweight individuals with celiac disease (CD). Owing to the lack of sufficient data and the importance of GFD in controlling cardiovascular disease, we surveyed the prevalence of MetS and its components before and after a year of GFD in patients referred to the main celiac clinic in southern Iran. Methods: This was a repeated cross-sectional study conducted on 69 patients with a definite diagnosis of cardiovascular disease who were on follow-up and registered at the Shiraz Celiac Clinic. Demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory measurements at the time of diagnosis and one year after the GFD were extracted from their medical records. Results: The participants' mean age was 35.53, and 68.1% were women. The prevalence of MetS increased from 5.8% to 11.6% after a year of the GFD; however, this increase was not statistically significant. Waist circumference (WC) and serum triglyceride levels were significantly elevated during the study period. Conclusion: A GFD may contribute to the development of MetS in patients with cardiovascular disease; however, the rate of MetS is still lower than that in the general population. It is critical to educate patients about these potential risks and encourage them to have a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Motazedian
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrab Sayadi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Ali Moosavi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khademian
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Niknam
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Sajjadi SS, Bagherniya M, Soleimani D, Siavash M, Askari G. Effect of propolis on mood, quality of life, and metabolic profiles in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4452. [PMID: 36932147 PMCID: PMC10022550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MeS) is a common multifaceted disorder. Plants contain antioxidant bioactive compounds, which are beneficial to improve the health condition of patients with MeS. Propolis is a hive natural product that is composed of various constituent. We aimed to assess the effects of Iranian propolis as a natural and safe agent on indicators of MeS, quality of life and mood status in individuals with MeS. In total, 66 interested eligible patients recruited to the present study. Participants were randomly assigned to consume a tablet at dose of 250 mg of propolis extract, twice daily for 12 weeks or placebo. Propolis supplementation could lead to a significant reduction in waist circumference (WC), increase in physical functioning, general health and the overall score of SF-36 compared with placebo group (P-value < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed regarding other anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters between two groups (P-value > 0.05). The current study indicated that propolis can be effective in decreasing WC and improving physical health and quality of life, while had no significant effects on other components of MeS among subjects with this syndrome. Clinical trials registration Iran Registry of Clinical Trials.ir IRCT20121216011763N49, registration date 23/12/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Sadat Sajjadi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Soleimani
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mansour Siavash
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Nutritional Quality of Gluten-Free Bakery Products Labeled Ketogenic and/or Low-Carb Sold in the Global Market. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244095. [PMID: 36553837 PMCID: PMC9778343 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten-free and ketogenic bakery products are gaining momentum. This study aims to develop a better understanding of the nutritional quality of gluten-free bakery products labeled ketogenic and/or low-carb. For this reason, the products available on the global market that were labeled ketogenic and/or low-carb (n = 757) were retrieved and compared to standard gluten-free products (n = 509). Overall, nutritionally, no significant differences were found among ketogenic and/or low-carb products due the high intra-variability of each type, but they differed from standard products. Compared to standard products, all ketogenic and/or low carb, irrespective of categories, showed lower carbohydrates that derived chiefly from fibers and, to a lesser extent, from sugars. They also had higher protein contents (p < 0.05) compared to standard products. Fats was higher (p < 0.05) in ketogenic and/or low-carb baking mixes, savory biscuits, and sweet biscuits than in their standard counterparts. Saturated fats were higher (p < 0.05) in low-carb savory biscuits and breads, as well as in ketogenic sweet biscuits than in the same standard products. Overall, median values of the nutrients align with the definition of the ketogenic diet. Nevertheless, several products did not align with any of the ketogenic definitions. Therefore, consumers need to carefully read the nutritional facts and not rely on mentions such as low-cab and ketogenic to make their decision of purchase/consumption.
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Dhruva V, Lawson C, Green C, Newberry C. "The Gluten-Free Diet and Its Relationship with Metabolic Syndrome: Dietary Friend or Foe?". Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:282-287. [PMID: 34510390 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Celiac disease (CD) is a prevalent digestive illness as well as a budding area of research in the field of gastroenterology. While investigations are underway to find new and improved pharmacological therapies for CD, the gluten-free diet (GFD) remains the only option to effectively manage the condition. RECENT FINDINGS While the GFD is recommended for patients diagnosed with CD and other gluten-related conditions, studies show the number of individuals on the GFD surpasses the projected number of patients with these medical indications (1). The implications of widespread adoption of this dietary approach are still being determined, with many patients believing this diet will improve overall health and cardiovascular risk. This review analyzes the relationship between a GFD and metabolic syndrome in both non-celiac and celiac patients, concluding that although the diet may slightly improve overall cardiac risk factors, weight, and/or insulin resistance, its use in the absence of a gluten-related disorder is controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Dhruva
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 65 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Christy Lawson
- Division of Trauma and Critical Care Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1932 Alcoa Hwy Ste 270, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Caitlin Green
- Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina, 1600 Midtown Avenue, Mount Pleasant, SC, 29464, USA
| | - Carolyn Newberry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 445 East 69th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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Behrendt I, Fasshauer M, Eichner G. Gluten intake and metabolic health: conflicting findings from the UK Biobank. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:1547-1559. [PMID: 32761538 PMCID: PMC7987594 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of gluten intake on metabolic health in subjects without celiac disease is unclear. The present study aimed to assess the association between gluten intake and body fat percentage (primary objective), as well as a broad set of metabolic health markers. METHODS Gluten intake was estimated in 39,927 participants of the UK Biobank who completed a dietary questionnaire for assessment of previous 24-h dietary intakes. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed between gluten intake and markers of metabolic health with Holm adjustment for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Median gluten intake was 9.7 g/day (male: 11.7 g/day; female: 8.2 g/day; p < 0.0001). In multiple linear regression analysis, association between gluten intake and percentage body fat was negative in males (β = - 0.028, p = 0.0020) and positive in females (β = 0.025, p = 0.0028). Furthermore, gluten intake was a negative predictor of total cholesterol (male: β = - 0.031, p = 0.0154; female: β = - 0.050, p < 0.0001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (male: β = - 0.052, p < 0.0001; female: β = - 0.068, p < 0.0001), and glomerular filtration rate (sexes combined: β = - 0.031, p < 0.0001) in both sexes. In females only, gluten intake was positively associated with waist circumference (β = 0.041, p < 0.0001), waist-to-height ratio (β = 0.040, p < 0.0001), as well as body mass index (β = 0.043, p < 0.0001), and negatively related to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = - 0.035, p = 0.0011). A positive association between gluten intake and triglycerides was observed in males only (β = 0.043, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION This study indicates that gluten intake is associated with markers of metabolic health. However, all associations are weak and not clinically meaningful. Limiting gluten intake is unlikely to provide metabolic health benefits for a population in total.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Behrendt
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Goethestr. 55, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Goethestr. 55, 35390, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerrit Eichner
- Mathematical Institute, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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A Gluten-Free Meal Produces a Lower Postprandial Thermogenic Response Compared to an Iso-Energetic/Macronutrient Whole Food or Processed Food Meal in Young Women: A Single-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072035. [PMID: 32659919 PMCID: PMC7400113 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of ultra-processed food (PF) is associated with obesity risk compared with whole food (WF) intake. Less is known regarding the intake of gluten-free (GF) food products. The purpose of this study was to directly compare the thermic effect (TEM), substrate utilization, hunger/taste ratings, and glucose response of three different meals containing PF, WF, and GF food products in young healthy women. Eleven volunteers completed all three iso-caloric/macronutrient test meals in a single-blind, randomized crossover design: (1) whole food meal (WF); (2) processed food meal (PF); or (3) gluten-free meal (GF). TEM was significantly lower following GF compared with WF (−20.94 kcal/meal, [95% CI, −35.92 to −5.96], p = 0.008) and PF (mean difference: −14.94 kcal/meal, [95% CI, −29.92 to 0.04], p = 0.04), respectively. WF consumption resulted in significantly higher feelings of fullness compared to GF (mean difference: +14.36%, [95% CI, 3.41 to 25.32%], p = 0.011) and PF (mean difference: +16.81%, [95% CI, 5.62 to 28.01%], p = 0.004), respectively, and enhanced palatability (taste of meal) compared to PF meal (mean Δ: +27.41%, [95% CI, 5.53 to 49.30%], p = 0.048). No differences existed for substrate utilization and blood glucose response among trials. Consumption of a GF meal lowers postprandial thermogenesis compared to WF and PF meals and fullness ratings compared to a WF meal which may impact weight control and obesity risk over the long-term.
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George K, S IJ, Thomas NS, R B, K B. Gender-Based Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Dietary Impact on Cardiac Autonomic Function of Heart Rate Variability. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 40:237-241. [PMID: 32314942 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1753130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Cardiovascular disease is one among the major mortality threats throughout the world. Autonomic activity of the nervous system can be examined by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Association of sympathetic and parasympathetic activities is directly related to HRV modulation. The aim of the study is to determine variations in HRV parameters among adult/adolescent male and female subjects due to vegetarian and nonvegetarian diet.Method: Ninety undergraduate students in each male and female group (N = 180) volunteered for the study. Based upon food habits, male and female subjects were categorized into four groups. Short-term (5-minute) heart rate recordings were measured from the subjects in a seated position before breakfast with minimum of 12 hours' fasting. Two-way analysis of variance was performed among the time and frequency domain variables.Results: Time domain variables are observed as significant (p < 0.05) between vegetarian males and females and also (p < 0.05) between male vegetarian and female nonvegetarians for standard deviation of NN intervals. Frequency domain HRV indices such as low frequency (LF; p = 0.01), high frequency (HF; p = 0.0001), and LF/HF (p < 0.001) resulted between male and female vegetarians. Significance of LF (p = 0.02), HF (p < 0.0001), and LF/HF (p < 0.01) was measured between male vegetarians and female nonvegetarians. LF (p = 0.02), HF (p = 0.04), and LF/HF (p = 0.002) resulted between nonvegetarian males and females. HF (p = 0.05) was enumerated between male vegetarians and nonvegetarians.Conclusions: Significant predominance of sympathetic cardiac activity was observed among male nonvegetarian consumers more than female vegetarians. Analysis demonstrates that the gender-based influence of vegetarian and nonvegetarian diet has significant correlation under HRV measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Immaculate Joy S
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Veltech Multitech Dr Rangarajan Dr Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, India
| | - Nisha Susan Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, India
| | - Balamurali R
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Baskaran K
- Bio Medical Engineer and Regional Manager, BIOPAC Systems Inc., GenTech Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India
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Yari Z, Cheraghpour M, Hekmatdoost A. Flaxseed and/or hesperidin supplementation in metabolic syndrome: an open-labeled randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:287-298. [PMID: 32296931 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical effect of flaxseed and hesperidin alone and with combination in patients with metabolic syndrome. Number of participants with treated metabolic syndrome was assessed as a primary end point. METHODS In this 12-week randomized controlled trial, ninety-eight patients with metabolic syndrome randomly assigned to receive either whole flaxseed powder (30 g/day), or hesperidin (1 g/day), or combination of 30 g flaxseed and 1 g hesperidin or no supplement while adhering a lifestyle modification program. RESULTS In comparison to control group, systolic blood pressure (- 5.68 vs. - 2.91 mmHg, P = 0.041) and serum concentrations of triglyceride (- 50.06 vs. 3.87 mg/dL, P = 0.033) in hesperidin group showed a significant reduction over 12 weeks of intervention. Comparison of the results of flaxseed group with the control group showed a significant improvement in serum concentrations of triglyceride (- 66 vs. 3.87 mg/dL, P = 0.028), insulin (- 4.27 vs. - 2.51 mU/L, P = 0.003) and accordingly insulin resistance (- 1.19 vs. - 0.76, P = 0.005) and sensitivity (0.03 vs. 0.01, P = 0.022) indices in flaxseed group. Combination of flaxseed and hesperidin improved three of five metabolic syndrome components including serum concentrations of triglyceride, glucose and systolic blood pressure as compared to placebo. Interestingly, co-administration of flaxseed and hesperidin with 77.3% reduction in the prevalence of defined metabolic syndrome was revealed to be most effective in controlling the metabolic syndrome, after which the group of flaxseed with 76% reduction and hesperidin group with 54.5% reduction were ranked second and third, respectively. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that co-administration of flaxseed and hesperidin appears to be superior to either supplementation alone on metabolic syndrome treatment, while the effects of flaxseed are stronger than hesperidin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Makan Cheraghpour
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Sharak Gharb, Shahid Farahzadi Boulevard, Arghavan Streets, No: 46, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran.
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Lear SA, Gasevic D. Ethnicity and Metabolic Syndrome: Implications for Assessment, Management and Prevention. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010015. [PMID: 31861719 PMCID: PMC7019432 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors that identifies people at increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. While the global prevalence is 20%–25% of the adult population, the prevalence varies across different racial/ethnic populations. In this narrative review, evidence is reviewed regarding the assessment, management and prevention of MetS among people of different racial/ethnic groups. The most popular definition of MetS considers race/ethnicity for assessing waist circumference given differences in visceral adipose tissue and cardiometabolic risk. However, defining race/ethnicity may pose challenges in the clinical setting. Despite 80% of the world’s population being of non-European descent, the majority of research on management and prevention has focused on European-derived populations. In these studies, lifestyle management has proven an effective therapy for reversal of MetS, and randomised studies are underway in specific racial/ethnic groups. Given the large number of people at risk for MetS, prevention efforts need to focus at community and population levels. Community-based interventions have begun to show promise, and efforts to improve lifestyle behaviours through alterations in the built environment may be another avenue. However, careful consideration needs to be given to take into account the unique cultural context of the target race/ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Lear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-604-682-2344 (ext. 62778)
| | - Danijela Gasevic
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
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Yari Z, Movahedian M, Imani H, Alavian SM, Hedayati M, Hekmatdoost A. The effect of hesperidin supplementation on metabolic profiles in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2569-2577. [PMID: 31844967 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hesperidin as an antioxidant flavonoid exerts anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-hypercholesterolemic effects. Besides, the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its allied complications, on the one hand, and the willingness of individuals to use natural products for curing their diseases, on the other hand, led to the design of this study to evaluate the efficacy of hesperidin in normalizing the metabolic abnormalities in patients with MetS. METHODS In this clinical trial with a parallel-group design, 49 patients with MetS received either 500-mg hesperidin or placebo, twice daily, for 12 weeks. Number of participants with treated MetS was considered as a primary end point. Anthropometric parameters, dietary intake, physical activity, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis parameter, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03734874. RESULTS Compared with the placebo group, hesperidin decreased fasting glucose level (- 6.07 vs. - 13.32 mg/dL, P = 0.043), triglyceride (- 8.83 vs. - 49.09 mg/dL, P = 0.049), systolic blood pressure (- 0.58 vs. - 2.68 mmHg, P = 0.048) and TNF-α (- 1.29 vs. - 4.44 pg/mL, P = 0.009). Based on the within-group analysis, hesperidin led to significant decrease in serum levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TNF-α and hs-CRP, while in control group only glucose and insulin significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that hesperidin supplementation can improve metabolic abnormalities and inflammatory status in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Movahedian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Imani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Melini V, Melini F. Gluten-Free Diet: Gaps and Needs for a Healthier Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:E170. [PMID: 30650530 PMCID: PMC6357014 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gluten-free diet (GFD) is currently the only effective treatment in remitting the symptoms of coeliac disease (CD), a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder caused by a permanent intolerance to gluten proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. The diet entails the substitution of gluten-containing products with gluten-free-rendered products. However, over recent decades the nutritional profile of gluten-free (GF) food products has been increasingly questioned within the scientific community. The aim of this paper is to review the nutritional profile of gluten-free-rendered products currently available on the market, and discuss the possible relationship thereof with the nutritional status of coeliac patients on a GFD. Key inadequacies of currently available GF products are low protein content and a high fat and salt content. More adequate levels of dietary fiber and sugar than in the past have been reported. Population studies confirmed the above mentioned inadequacies. Further efforts are required to conceive adoptable interventions for product development and reformulation in order to achieve compliance with nutritional recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Melini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition; Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Melini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition; Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Rome, Italy.
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