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Khodamoradi E, Rahmani N, Rashidi K, Najafi M, Shahsavari S, Mohammadi M. Exploring the Potential of Metformin in Mitigating Radiation-induced Gastrointestinal and Hematopoietic System Injury in Rats After Whole-body X-ray Radiation: An Experimental Study. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:200-208. [PMID: 38231059 DOI: 10.2174/0118744710261673231115062547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modern world faces a growing concern about the possibility of accidental radiation events. The Hematopoietic system is particularly vulnerable to radiationinduced apoptosis, which can lead to death. Metformin, a drug used to treat diabetes, has been shown to protect normal cells and tissues from the toxic effects of radiation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of metformin in mitigating radiation injury to the gastrointestinal and hematological systems of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved 73 male rats. After total body irradiation with 7.5 Gy of X-rays, rats were treated with metformin. Seven days later, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were taken for evaluation. RESULTS The study found that metformin was not effective in mitigating radiation injury. The histopathological assessment showed no significant changes in goblet cell injury, villi shortening, inflammation, or mucous layer thickness. In terms of biochemical evaluation, metformin did not significantly affect oxidative stress markers, but irradiation increased the mean MDA level in the radiation group. The complete blood count revealed a significant decrease in WBC and platelet, counts in the radiation group compared to the control group, but no significant difference was found between the radiation and radiation + metformin groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, metformin may not be a good option for reducing radiation toxicity after accidental exposure. Despite treatment, there was no improvement in platelet, white blood cell, and lymphocyte counts, nor was there any decrease in oxidative stress. Further research is needed to explore other potential treatments for radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Rahmani
- Student Research Committee, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Khodabakhsh Rashidi
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soodeh Shahsavari
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Allied Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Klunko NS, Achmad H, Abdullah TM, Mohammed S, Saha I, Salim KS, Obaid RF, Romero-Parra RM, Al-Hasnawi SS, Al-Janabi WH, Farhood B. The Anti-hypoxia Potentials of Trans-sodium Crocetinate in Hypoxiarelated Diseases: A Review. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:30-37. [PMID: 37877507 DOI: 10.2174/0118744710268127231020083505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Crocetin is a kind of apocarotenoid carboxylic acid extracted from saffron (Crocus sativus L.), which is effective in upregulating tissue oxygenation. However, crocetin is difficult to solubilize. It was shown that the trans isomer of crocetin is effective in improving oxygen diffusivity, while its cis isomer appears not to be. Hence, the isolated trans isomer of crocetin or trans-sodium crocetinate (TSC) can be used instead of crocetin. It is shown that TSC can upregulate hypoxic tissue oxygenation and be effective in treating some hypoxia-related diseases. Moreover, experimental and clinical studies have reported no adverse effects following TSC treatment, even at high doses. The current study will discuss the potential role of TSC in hemorrhagic shock, ischemia, brain tumor radiotherapy, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Klunko
- Department of Training of Scientific and Scientific-Pedagogical Personnel, Russian New University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Harun Achmad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Sami Mohammed
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Indranil Saha
- Department of Physics, GLA University, Mathura, Pin- 281406, U.P., India
| | | | - Rasha Fadhel Obaid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | | | | | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Aslam MA, Ahmad H, Malik HS, Uinarni H, Karim YS, Akhmedov YM, Abdelbasset WK, Awadh SA, Abid MK, Mustafa YF, Farhood B, Sahebkar A. Radiotherapy-associated Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Pediatric Oncology Patients. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:5351-5369. [PMID: 37190814 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230515112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
During the radiotherapeutic treatment of pediatric oncology patients, they would be at a latent risk of developing ionizing radiation-induced ototoxicity when the cochlea or auditory nerve is located within the radiation field. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is an irreversible late complication of radiotherapy, and its incidence depends on various factors such as the patient's hearing sensitivity, total radiation dose to the cochlea, radiotherapy fractionation regimen, age and chemoradiation. Importantly, this complication exhibits serious challenges to adult survivors of childhood cancer, as it has been linked to impairments in academic achievement, psychosocial development, independent living skills, and employment in the survivor population. Therefore, early detection and proper management can alleviate academic, speech, language, social, and psychological morbidity arising from hearing deficits. In the present review, we have addressed issues such as underlying mechanisms of radiation-induced SNHL, audiometric findings of pediatric cancer patients treated with radiotherapy, and management and protection measures against radiation-induced ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ammar Aslam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hassaan Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Sultan Malik
- Department of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Herlina Uinarni
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Radiologist at Pantai Indah Kapuk Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Yusuf Makhmudovich Akhmedov
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Makhtumkuli Street 103, Tashkent, 100047, Uzbekistan
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sura A Awadh
- Department of Anesthesia, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Kadhem Abid
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health & medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Gupta J, Jalil AT, Abd Alzahraa ZH, Aminov Z, Alsaikhan F, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Ramaiah P, Najafi M. The Metformin Immunoregulatory Actions in Tumor Suppression and Normal Tissues Protection. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:5370-5396. [PMID: 37403391 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230703143907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is the key player in a wide range of responses in normal tissues and tumors to anticancer therapy. Inflammatory and fibrotic responses in normal tissues are the main limitations of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and also some newer anticancer drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Immune system responses within solid tumors including anti-tumor and tumor-promoting responses can suppress or help tumor growth. Thus, modulation of immune cells and their secretions such as cytokines, growth factors and epigenetic modulators, pro-apoptosis molecules, and some other molecules can be suggested to alleviate side effects in normal tissues and drug-resistance mechanisms in the tumor. Metformin as an anti-diabetes drug has shown intriguing properties such as anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and anticancer effects. Some investigations have uncovered that metformin can ameliorate radiation/chemotherapy toxicity in normal cells and tissues through the modulation of several targets in cells and tissues. These effects of metformin may ameliorate severe inflammatory responses and fibrosis after exposure to ionizing radiation or following treatment with highly toxic chemotherapy drugs. Metformin can suppress the activity of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor through the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In addition, metformin may stimulate antigen presentation and maturation of anticancer immune cells, which lead to the induction of anticancer immunity in the tumor. This review aims to explain the detailed mechanisms of normal tissue sparing and tumor suppression during cancer therapy using adjuvant metformin with an emphasis on immune system responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Pin Code 281406, U. P., India
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | | | - Zafar Aminov
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare management, Samarkand State Medical University, 18 Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, 103 Makhtumkuli Str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
- Educational Statistics Research Group (GIEE), National University of Education, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Yu Z, Xu C, Song B, Zhang S, Chen C, Li C, Zhang S. Tissue fibrosis induced by radiotherapy: current understanding of the molecular mechanisms, diagnosis and therapeutic advances. J Transl Med 2023; 21:708. [PMID: 37814303 PMCID: PMC10563272 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death around the world. In cancer treatment, over 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy alone or in multimodal combinations with other therapies. One of the adverse consequences after radiation exposure is the occurrence of radiation-induced tissue fibrosis (RIF), which is characterized by the abnormal activation of myofibroblasts and the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. This phenotype can manifest in multiple organs, such as lung, skin, liver and kidney. In-depth studies on the mechanisms of radiation-induced fibrosis have shown that a variety of extracellular signals such as immune cells and abnormal release of cytokines, and intracellular signals such as cGAS/STING, oxidative stress response, metabolic reprogramming and proteasome pathway activation are involved in the activation of myofibroblasts. Tissue fibrosis is extremely harmful to patients' health and requires early diagnosis. In addition to traditional serum markers, histologic and imaging tests, the diagnostic potential of nuclear medicine techniques is emerging. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies are the traditional treatments for radiation-induced fibrosis. Recently, some promising therapeutic strategies have emerged, such as stem cell therapy and targeted therapies. However, incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms hinders the treatment of this disease. Here, we also highlight the potential mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic directions of radiation-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxiang Yu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chaoyu Xu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Song
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang, 621099, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221200, China
| | - Changlong Li
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang, 621099, China.
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Wu XY, Xu WW, Huan XK, Wu GN, Li G, Zhou YH, Najafi M. Mechanisms of cancer cell killing by metformin: a review on different cell death pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:197-214. [PMID: 35771397 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer resistance to anti-tumour agents has been one of the serious challenges in different types of cancer treatment. Usually, an increase in the cell death markers can predict a higher rate of survival among patients diagnosed with cancer. By increasing the regulation of survival genes, cancer cells can display a higher resistance to therapy through the suppression of anti-tumour immunity and inhibition of cell death signalling pathways. Administration of certain adjuvants may be useful in order to increase the therapeutic efficiency of anti-cancer therapy through the stimulation of different cell death pathways. Several studies have demonstrated that metformin, an antidiabetic drug with anti-cancer properties, amplifies cell death mechanisms, especially apoptosis in a broad-spectrum of cancer cells. Stimulation of the immune system by metformin has been shown to play a key role in the induction of cell death. It seems that the induction or suppression of different cell death mechanisms has a pivotal role in either sensitization or resistance of cancer cells to therapy. This review explains the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cell death following anticancer therapy. Then, we discuss the modulatory roles of metformin on different cancer cell death pathways including apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, senescence, autophagy, ferroptosis and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Wen Xu
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medi-Cine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang-Kun Huan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guan-Nan Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yu-Hong Zhou
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medi-Cine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Abstract
Cardiac remodelling is characterized by abnormal changes in the function and morphological properties such as diameter, mass, normal diameter of cavities, heart shape, fibrosis, thickening of vessels and heart layers, cardiomyopathy, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and some others. These damages are associated with damage to systolic and diastolic abnormalities, damage to ventricular function, and vascular remodelling, which may lead to heart failure and death. Exposure of the heart to radiation or anti-cancer drugs including chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) such as imatinib, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can induce several abnormal changes in the heart structure and function through the induction of inflammation and fibrosis, vascular remodelling, hypertrophy, and some others. This review aims to explain the basic mechanisms behind cardiac remodelling following cancer therapy by different anti-cancer modalities.
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Yang R, Tan C, Najafi M. Cardiac inflammation and fibrosis following chemo/radiation therapy: mechanisms and therapeutic agents. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 30:73-89. [PMID: 34813027 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular disorders is one of the most concerns among people who underwent cancer therapy. The heart side effects of cancer therapy may occur during treatment to some years after the end of treatment. Some epidemiological studies confirm that heart diseases are one of the most common reasons for mortality among patients that were received treatment for cancer. Experimental studies and also clinical investigations indicate that inflammatory changes such as pericarditis, myocarditis, and also fibrosis are key mechanisms of cardiac diseases following chemotherapy/radiotherapy. It seems that chronic oxidative stress, massive cell death, and chronic overproduction of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrosis cytokines are the key mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases following cancer therapy. Furthermore, infiltration of inflammatory cells and upregulation of some enzymes such as NADPH Oxidases are a hallmark of heart diseases after cancer therapy. In the current review, we aim to explain how radiation or chemotherapy can induce inflammatory and fibrosis-related diseases in the heart. We will explain the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis following chemo/radiation therapy, and then review some adjuvants to reduce the risk of inflammation and fibrosis in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changming Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Wu Z, Zhang C, Najafi M. Targeting of the tumor immune microenvironment by metformin. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:333-348. [PMID: 34611852 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulating antitumor immunity is an attractive idea for suppressing tumors. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells as well as natural killer cells (NK) are the primary antitumor immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In contrast to these cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) release several molecules to suppress antitumor immunity and stimulate cancer cell invasion and proliferation. Adjuvant treatment with certain nontoxic agents is interesting to boost antitumor immunity. Metformin, which is known as an antidiabetes drug, can modulate both antitumor and protumor immune cells within TME. It has the ability to induce the proliferation of CD8 + T lymphocytes and NK cells. On the other hand, metformin attenuates polarization toward TAMs, CAFs, and Tregs. Metformin also may stimulate the antitumor activity of immune system cells, while it interrupts the positive cross-talk and interactions between immunosuppressive cells and cancer cells. The purpose of this review is to explain the basic mechanisms for the interactions and communications between immunosuppressive, anti-tumoral, and cancer cells within TME. Next, we discuss the modulating effects of metformin on various cells and secretions in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Wu
- Department of Oncology, The NO.3 People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Caidie Zhang
- Emergency Department, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Da F, Guo J, Yao L, Gao Q, Jiao S, Miao X, Liu J. Pretreatment with metformin protects mice from whole-body irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:618-625. [PMID: 33912960 PMCID: PMC8273805 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a first-line oral drug for type II diabetes mellitus, not only reduces blood glucose levels, but also has many other biological effects. Recent studies have been conducted to determine the protective effect of metformin in irradiation injuries. However, the results are controversial and mainly focus on the time of metformin administration. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of metformin in BALB/c mice exposed to 6 Gy or 8 Gy of a 60Co source of γ-rays for total body irradiation (TBI). Survival outcomes were assessed following exposure to 8 Gy or 6 Gy TBI, and hematopoietic damage and intestinal injury were assessed after exposure to 6 Gy TBI. Metformin prolonged the survival of mice exposed to 8 Gy TBI and improved the survival rate of mice exposed to 6 Gy TBI only when administered before exposure to irradiation. Moreover, pretreatment with metformin reduced the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in the bone marrow of mice exposed to 6 Gy TBI. Pretreatment of metformin also protected the intestinal morphology of mice, reduced inflammatory response and decreased the number of apoptotic cells in intestine. In conclusion, we demonstrated that pretreatment with metformin could alleviate irradiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Da
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, The No. 967 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Dalian 116041, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qiaohui Gao
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Shengyuan Jiao
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xia Miao
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Junye Liu
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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Ashtiwi NM, Sarr D, Rada B. DUOX1 in mammalian disease pathophysiology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:743-754. [PMID: 33704512 PMCID: PMC8315118 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) is a member of the protein family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases. DUOX1 has several normal physiological, immunological, and biochemical functions in different parts of the body. Dysregulated oxidative metabolism interferes with various disease pathologies and numerous therapeutic options are based on targeting cellular redox pathways. DUOX1 forms an important enzymatic source of biological oxidants, and DUOX1 expression is frequently dysregulated in various diseases. While this review shortly addresses the biochemical and cellular properties and proposed physiological roles of DUOX1, its main purpose is to summarize the current knowledge with respect to the potential role of DUOX1 enzyme in disease pathology, especially in mammalian organisms. Although DUOX1 is normally prominently expressed in epithelial lineages, it is frequently silenced in epithelial-derived cancers by epigenetic mechanisms. While an abundance of information is available on DUOX1 transcription in different diseases, an increasing number of mechanistic studies indicate a causative relationship between DUOX1 function and disease pathophysiology. Additionally, specific functions of the DUOX1 maturation factor, DUOXA1, will also be addressed. Lastly, urgent and outstanding questions on the field of DUOX1 will be discussed that could provide valuable new diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha Milad Ashtiwi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Demba Sarr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Najafi M, Cheki M, Hassanzadeh G, Amini P, Shabeeb D, Musa AE. Protection from Radiation-induced Damage in Rat's Ileum and Colon by Combined Regimens of Melatonin and Metformin: A Histopathological Study. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 19:180-189. [PMID: 31438832 PMCID: PMC7475942 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190718161928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Radiation-induced enteritis and proctitis are common side effects of abdominopelvic cancers among patients that undergo radiotherapy for prostate, colorectal or urinary cancers. Exposure of these tissues to high doses of radiation leads to damage to villous, inflammation, pain, ulcer and bleeding, which may cause malabsorption and gastrointestinal disorders. To date, several procedures such as pharmaceutical treatment have been proposed for protection and mitigation of gastrointestinal toxicity following radiotherapy. Aims: In the current study, we aimed to investigate the possible radioprotection of ileum and colon in rats using a combination of melatonin and metformin. Methods: In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups: control, melatonin (100 mg/kg) treatment, melatonin (100 mg/kg) plus metformin (100 mg/kg) treatment, radiation (10 Gy to whole body) group, radiation + melatonin (100 mg/kg) treatment, and radiation + melatonin (100 mg/kg) plus metformin (100 mg/kg) treatment. After 3.5 days, rats were sacrificed and their ileum and colon tissues carefully removed. Histopathological evaluations were conducted on these tissue samples. Results: Histological evaluations reported moderate to severe damages to ileum and colon following whole body irradiation. Melatonin administration was able to protect the ileum remarkably, while the combination of melatonin and metformin was less effective. Interestingly, for the colon, melatonin was less effective while its combination with metformin was able to protect against radiation toxicity completely. Conclusion: For the ileum, melatonin was a more effective radioprotector compared to its combination with metformin. However, the combination of melatonin and metformin can be proposed as an ideal radioprotector for the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Cheki
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, International Campus, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed E Musa
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, International Campus, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Amini P, Kolivand S, Saffar H, Rezapoor S, Motevaseli E, Najafi M, Nouruzi F, Shabeeb D, Musa AE. Protective Effect of Selenium-L-methionine on Radiation-induced Acute Pneumonitis and Lung Fibrosis in Rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 14:157-164. [PMID: 30556505 PMCID: PMC7040518 DOI: 10.2174/1574884714666181214101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to detect the changes in the level of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 cytokines and their downstream genes including interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL13Ra2), interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha-1 (IL4Ra1), dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) and dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2). The protective effects of Selenium-L-methionine on radiation-induced histopathological damages and changes in the level of these cytokines and genes were detected. METHODS Four groups of 20 rats (5 rats in each) namely, control; Selenium-L-methionine, radiation and radiation plus Selenium-L-methionine were used in this study. 4 mg/kg of Selenium-Lmethionine was administered 1 day before irradiation and five consecutive days after irradiation. Irradiation was done using a dose of 15 Gy 60Co gamma rays at 109 cGy/min. All rats were sacrificed 10 weeks after irradiation for detecting changes in IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines, the expressions of IL13Ra2, IL4Ra1, Duox1 and Duox2 and histopathological changes. RESULTS The level of IL-4 but not IL-13 increased after irradiation. This was associated with increased expression of IL4Ra1, Duox1 and Duox2, in addition to changes in morphological properties. Selenium-L-methionine could attenuate all injury markers following lung irradiation. CONCLUSION Selenium-L-methionine can protect lung tissues against toxic effects of ionizing radiation. It is possible that the modulation of immune responses and redox interactions are involved in the radioprotective effect of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedighe Kolivand
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hana Saffar
- Department of Clinical and Anatomical Pathologist, Tehran University of Medical Science, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezapoor
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farzad Nouruzi
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
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14
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Wang B, Wang H, Zhang M, Ji R, Wei J, Xin Y, Jiang X. Radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis: Mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7717-7729. [PMID: 32536032 PMCID: PMC7348163 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis (RIMF) is a potentially lethal clinical complication of chest radiotherapy (RT) and a final stage of radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). RIMF is characterized by decreased ventricular elasticity and distensibility, which can result in decreased ejection fraction, heart failure and even sudden cardiac death. Together, these conditions impair the long-term health of post-RT survivors and limit the dose and intensity of RT required to effectively kill tumour cells. Although the exact mechanisms involving in RIMF are unclear, increasing evidence indicates that the occurrence of RIMF is related to various cells, regulatory molecules and cytokines. However, accurately diagnosing and identifying patients who may progress to RIMF has been challenging. Despite the urgent need for an effective treatment, there is currently no medical therapy for RIMF approved for routine clinical application. In this review, we investigated the underlying pathophysiology involved in the initiation and progression of RIMF before outlining potential preventative and therapeutic strategies to counter this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of RadiobiologySchool of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of RadiobiologySchool of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Research CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of BiologyValencia CollegeOrlandoFLUSA
| | - Jinlong Wei
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of PathobiologyMinistry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of RadiobiologySchool of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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