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Lapusan R, Borlan R, Focsan M. Advancing MRI with magnetic nanoparticles: a comprehensive review of translational research and clinical trials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2234-2259. [PMID: 38694462 PMCID: PMC11059564 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01064c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The nexus of advanced technology and medical therapeutics has ushered in a transformative epoch in contemporary medicine. Within this arena, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) emerges as a paramount tool, intertwining the advancements of technology with the art of healing. MRI's pivotal role is evident in its broad applicability, spanning from neurological diseases, soft-tissue and tumour characterization, to many more applications. Though already foundational, aspirations remain to further enhance MRI's capabilities. A significant avenue under exploration is the incorporation of innovative nanotechnological contrast agents. Forefront among these are Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), recognized for their adaptability and safety profile. SPION's intrinsic malleability allows them to be tailored for improved biocompatibility, while their functionality is further broadened when equipped with specific targeting molecules. Yet, the path to optimization is not devoid of challenges, from renal clearance concerns to potential side effects stemming from iron overload. This review endeavors to map the intricate journey of SPIONs as MRI contrast agents, offering a chronological perspective of their evolution and deployment. We provide an in-depth current outline of the most representative and impactful pre-clinical and clinical studies centered on the integration of SPIONs in MRI, tracing their trajectory from foundational research to contemporary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Lapusan
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Romania
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Raluca Borlan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Monica Focsan
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Romania
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Romania
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2
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Li Y, Xie M, Jones JB, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Dang T, Wang X, Lipowska M, Mao H. Targeted Delivery of DNA Topoisomerase Inhibitor SN38 to Intracranial Tumors of Glioblastoma Using Sub-5 Ultrafine Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102816. [PMID: 35481625 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Effectively delivering therapeutics for treating brain tumors is hindered by the physical and biological barriers in the brain. Even with the compromised blood-brain barrier and highly angiogenic blood-tumor barrier seen in glioblastoma (GBM), most drugs, including nanomaterial-based formulations, hardly reach intracranial tumors. This work investigates sub-5 nm ultrafine iron oxide nanoparticles (uIONP) with 3.5 nm core diameter as a carrier for delivering DNA topoisomerase inhibitor 7-ethyl-10-hydroxyl camptothecin (SN38) to treat GBM. Given a higher surface-to-volume ratio, uIONP shows one- or three-folds higher SN38 loading efficiency (48.3 ± 6.1%, mg/mg Fe) than those with core sizes of 10 or 20 nm. SN38 encapsulated in the coating polymer exhibits pH sensitive release with <10% over 48 h at pH 7.4, but 86% at pH 5, thus being protected from converting to inactive glucuronide by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1. Conjugating αv β3 -integrin-targeted cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Cys) (RGD) as ligands, RGD-uIONP/SN38 demonstrates targeted cytotoxicity to αv β3 -integrin-overexpressed U87MG GBM cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 30.9 ± 2.2 nm. The efficacy study using an orthotopic mouse model of GBM reveals tumor-specific delivery of 11.5% injected RGD-uIONP/SN38 (10 mg Fe kg-1 ), significantly prolonging the survival in mice by 41%, comparing to those treated with SN38 alone (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA 30329 USA
- 5M Biomed, LLC Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Manman Xie
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA 30329 USA
| | - Joshua B. Jones
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA 30329 USA
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery Emory University Atlanta GA 30329 USA
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA 30329 USA
| | - Tu Dang
- Division of Research Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine – Georgia Campus Suwanee GA 30024 USA
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine – Georgia Campus Suwanee GA 30024 USA
| | - Malgorzata Lipowska
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA 30329 USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA 30329 USA
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MRI and PET of Brain Tumor Neuroinflammation in the Era of Immunotherapy, From the AJR Special Series on Inflammation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 218:582-596. [PMID: 34259035 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.21.26159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of immune-modulating therapies, brain tumors present significant diagnostic imaging challenges. These challenges include planning personalized treatment and adjudicating accurate monitoring approaches and therapeutically specific response criteria. This has been due, in part, to the reliance on nonspecific imaging metrics, such as gadolinium-contrast-enhanced MRI or FDG PET, and rapidly evolving biologic understanding of neuroinflammation. The importance of the tumor-immune interaction and ability to therapeutically augment inflammation to improve clinical outcomes necessitates that the radiologist develop a working knowledge of the immune system and its role in clinical neuroimaging. In this article, we review relevant biologic concepts of the tumor microenvironment of primary and metastatic brain tumors, these tumors' interactions with the immune system, and MRI and PET methods for imaging inflammatory elements associated with these malignancies. Recognizing the growing fields of immunotherapeutics and precision oncology, we highlight clinically translatable imaging metrics for the diagnosis and monitoring of brain tumor neuroinflammation. Practical guidance is provided for implementing iron nanoparticle imaging, including imaging indications, protocol, interpretation, and pitfalls. A comprehensive understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms within brain tumors and their imaging features will facilitate the development of innovative non-invasive prognostic and predictive imaging strategies for precision oncology.
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Zhang YD, Dong Z, Wang SH, Yu X, Yao X, Zhou Q, Hu H, Li M, Jiménez-Mesa C, Ramirez J, Martinez FJ, Gorriz JM. Advances in multimodal data fusion in neuroimaging: Overview, challenges, and novel orientation. AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON INFORMATION FUSION 2020; 64:149-187. [PMID: 32834795 PMCID: PMC7366126 DOI: 10.1016/j.inffus.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal fusion in neuroimaging combines data from multiple imaging modalities to overcome the fundamental limitations of individual modalities. Neuroimaging fusion can achieve higher temporal and spatial resolution, enhance contrast, correct imaging distortions, and bridge physiological and cognitive information. In this study, we analyzed over 450 references from PubMed, Google Scholar, IEEE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and various sources published from 1978 to 2020. We provide a review that encompasses (1) an overview of current challenges in multimodal fusion (2) the current medical applications of fusion for specific neurological diseases, (3) strengths and limitations of available imaging modalities, (4) fundamental fusion rules, (5) fusion quality assessment methods, and (6) the applications of fusion for atlas-based segmentation and quantification. Overall, multimodal fusion shows significant benefits in clinical diagnosis and neuroscience research. Widespread education and further research amongst engineers, researchers and clinicians will benefit the field of multimodal neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Zhang
- School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicestershire, UK
- Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhengchao Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shui-Hua Wang
- Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- School of Architecture Building and Civil engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
- School of Mathematics and Actuarial Science, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Xiang Yu
- School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Xujing Yao
- School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA
- School of Internet of Things, Hohai University, Changzhou, China
| | - Carmen Jiménez-Mesa
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Ramirez
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Martinez
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Gorriz
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB21TN, UK
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Gholami YH, Josephson L, Akam EA, Caravan P, Wilks MQ, Pan XZ, Maschmeyer R, Kolnick A, El Fakhri G, Normandin MD, Kuncic Z, Yuan H. A Chelate-Free Nano-Platform for Incorporation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Isotopes. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:31-47. [PMID: 32021163 PMCID: PMC6954846 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s227931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Using our chelate-free, heat-induced radiolabeling (HIR) method, we show that a wide range of metals, including those with radioactive isotopologues used for diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy, bind to the Feraheme (FH) nanoparticle (NP), a drug approved for the treatment of iron anemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS FH NPs were heated (120°C) with nonradioactive metals, the resulting metal-FH NPs were characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and r1 and r2 relaxivities obtained by nuclear magnetic relaxation spectrometry (NMRS). In addition, the HIR method was performed with [90Y]Y3+, [177Lu]Lu3+, and [64Cu]Cu2+, the latter with an HIR technique optimized for this isotope. Optimization included modifying reaction time, temperature, and vortex technique. Radiochemical yield (RCY) and purity (RCP) were measured using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). RESULTS With ICP-MS, metals incorporated into FH at high efficiency were bismuth, indium, yttrium, lutetium, samarium, terbium and europium (>75% @ 120 oC). Incorporation occurred with a small (less than 20%) but statistically significant increases in size and the r2 relaxivity. An improved HIR technique (faster heating rate and improved vortexing) was developed specifically for copper and used with the HIR technique and [64Cu]Cu2+. Using SEC and TLC analyses with [90Y]Y3+, [177Lu]Lu3+ and [64Cu]Cu2+, RCYs were greater than 85% and RCPs were greater than 95% in all cases. CONCLUSION The chelate-free HIR technique for binding metals to FH NPs has been extended to a range of metals with radioisotopes used in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Cations with f-orbital electrons, more empty d-orbitals, larger radii, and higher positive charges achieved higher values of RCY and RCP in the HIR reaction. The ability to use a simple heating step to bind a wide range of metals to the FH NP, a widely available approved drug, may allow this NP to become a platform for obtaining radiolabeled nanoparticles in many settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser H Gholami
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Physics, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, The Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Sydney Vital Translational Cancer Research Centre, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee Josephson
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eman A Akam
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging and the A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Peter Caravan
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging and the A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Moses Q Wilks
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiang-Zuo Pan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, CaNCURE Program, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Maschmeyer
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Physics, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Kolnick
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marc D Normandin
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zdenka Kuncic
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Physics, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Vital Translational Cancer Research Centre, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hushan Yuan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Fares J, Kanojia D, Rashidi A, Ahmed AU, Balyasnikova IV, Lesniak MS. Diagnostic Clinical Trials in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: Barriers and Innovations. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 19:383-391. [PMID: 31262686 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Optimal treatment of breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) is often hampered by limitations in diagnostic abilities. Developing innovative tools for BCBM diagnosis is vital for early detection and effective treatment. In this study we explored the advances in trial for the diagnosis of BCBM, with review of the literature. On May 8, 2019, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov for interventional and diagnostic clinical trials involving BCBM, without limiting for date or location. Information on trial characteristics, experimental interventions, results, and publications were collected and analyzed. In addition, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to explore published studies related to BCBM diagnosis. Only 9 diagnostic trials explored BCBM. Of these, 1 trial was withdrawn because of low accrual numbers. Three trials were completed; however, none had published results. Modalities in trial for BCBM diagnosis entailed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), PET-CT, nanobodies, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), along with a collection of novel tracers and imaging biomarkers. MRI continues to be the diagnostic modality of choice, whereas CT is best suited for acute settings. Advances in PET and PET-CT allow the collection of metabolic and functional information related to BCBM. CTC characterization can help reflect on the molecular foundations of BCBM, whereas cell-free DNA offers new genetic material for further exploration in trials. The integration of machine learning in BCBM diagnosis seems inevitable as we continue to aim for rapid and accurate detection and better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
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7
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Cai Y, Wang Y, Xu H, Cao C, Zhu R, Tang X, Zhang T, Pan Y. Positive magnetic resonance angiography using ultrafine ferritin-based iron oxide nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2644-2654. [PMID: 30575840 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06812g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles with good biocompatibility can serve as safe magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Herein, we report that ultrafine ferritin-based iron oxide (hematite/maghemite) nanoparticles synthesized by controlled biomimetic mineralization using genetically recombinant human H chain ferritin can be used as a positive contrast agent in magnetic resonance angiography. The synthesized magnetoferritin with an averaged core size of 2.2 ± 0.7 nm (hereafter named M-HFn-2.2) shows a r1 value of 0.86 mM-1 s-1 and a r2/r1 ratio of 25.1 at a 7 T magnetic field. Blood pool imaging on mice using the M-HFn-2.2 nanoparticles that were injected through a tail vein by single injection at a dose of 0.54 mM Fe per kg mouse body weight enabled detecting detailed vascular nets at 3 minutes post-injection; the MR signal intensity continuously enhanced up to 2 hours post-injection, which is much longer than that of the commercial magnevist (Gd-DTPA) contrast. Moreover, biodistribution examination indicates that organs such as liver, spleen and kidney safely cleared the injected nanoparticles within one day after the injection, demonstrating no risk of iron overload in test mice. Therefore, this study sheds light on developing high-performance gadolinium free positive magnetic resonance contrast agents for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cai
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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Nardecchia S, Sánchez-Moreno P, Vicente JD, Marchal JA, Boulaiz H. Clinical Trials of Thermosensitive Nanomaterials: An Overview. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E191. [PMID: 30717386 PMCID: PMC6409767 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Currently, we are facing increasing demand to develop efficient systems for the detection and treatment of diseases that can realistically improve distinct aspects of healthcare in our society. Sensitive nanomaterials that respond to environmental stimuli can play an important role in this task. In this manuscript, we review the clinical trials carried out to date on thermosensitive nanomaterials, including all those clinical trials in hybrid nanomaterials that respond to other stimuli (e.g., magnetic, infrared radiation, and ultrasound). Specifically, we discuss their use in diagnosis and treatment of different diseases. At present, none of the existing trials focused on diagnosis take advantage of the thermosensitive characteristics of these nanoparticles. Indeed, almost all clinical trials consulted explore the use of Ferumoxytol as a current imaging test enhancer. However, the thermal property is being further exploited in the field of disease treatment, especially for the delivery of antitumor drugs. In this regard, ThermoDox®, based on lysolipid thermally sensitive liposome technology to encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX), is the flagship drug. In this review, we have evidenced the discrepancy existing between the number of published papers in thermosensitive nanomaterials and their clinical use, which could be due to the relative novelty of this area of research; more time is needed to validate it through clinical trials. We have no doubt that in the coming years there will be an explosion of clinical trials related to thermosensitive nanomaterials that will surely help to improve current treatments and, above all, will impact on patients' quality of life and life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Nardecchia
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Paola Sánchez-Moreno
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Juan de Vicente
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan A Marchal
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Houria Boulaiz
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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9
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Dadfar SM, Roemhild K, Drude NI, von Stillfried S, Knüchel R, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Iron oxide nanoparticles: Diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019. [PMID: 30639256 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.005.iron] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Many different iron oxide nanoparticles have been evaluated over the years, for a wide variety of biomedical applications. We here summarize the synthesis, surface functionalization and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles, as well as their (pre-) clinical use in diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic settings. Diagnostic applications include liver, lymph node, inflammation and vascular imaging, employing mostly magnetic resonance imaging but recently also magnetic particle imaging. Therapeutic applications encompass iron supplementation in anemia and advanced cancer treatments, such as modulation of macrophage polarization, magnetic fluid hyperthermia and magnetic drug targeting. Because of their properties, iron oxide nanoparticles are particularly useful for theranostic purposes. Examples of such setups, in which diagnosis and therapy are intimately combined and in which iron oxide nanoparticles are used, are image-guided drug delivery, image-guided and microbubble-mediated opening of the blood-brain barrier, and theranostic tissue engineering. Together, these directions highlight the versatility and the broad applicability of iron oxide nanoparticles, and indicate the integration in future medical practice of multiple iron oxide nanoparticle-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammadali Dadfar
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karolin Roemhild
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natascha I Drude
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials - DWI, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Saskia von Stillfried
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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10
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M SM, Veeranarayanan S, Maekawa T, D SK. External stimulus responsive inorganic nanomaterials for cancer theranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:18-40. [PMID: 30321621 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a highly intelligent system of cells, that works together with the body to thrive and subsequently overwhelm the host in order for its survival. Therefore, treatment regimens should be equally competent to outsmart these cells. Unfortunately, it is not the case with current therapeutic practices, the reason why it is still one of the most deadly adversaries and an imposing challenge to healthcare practitioners and researchers alike. With rapid nanotechnological interventions in the medical arena, the amalgamation of diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities into a single platform, theranostics provides a never before experienced hope of enhancing diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficiency. Additionally, the ability of these nanotheranostic agents to perform their actions on-demand, i.e. can be controlled by external stimulus such as light, magnetic field, sound waves and radiation has cemented their position as next generation anti-cancer candidates. Numerous reports exist of such stimuli-responsive theranostic nanomaterials against cancer, but few have broken through to clinical trials, let alone clinical practice. This review sheds light on the pros and cons of a few such theranostic nanomaterials, especially inorganic nanomaterials which do not require any additional chemical moieties to initiate the stimulus. The review will primarily focus on preclinical and clinical trial approved theranostic agents alone, describing their success or failure in the respective stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mohamed M
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, 350-8585, Japan; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan
| | | | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, 350-8585, Japan; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan.
| | - Sakthi Kumar D
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, 350-8585, Japan; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan.
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11
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Dadfar SM, Roemhild K, Drude NI, von Stillfried S, Knüchel R, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Iron oxide nanoparticles: Diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:302-325. [PMID: 30639256 PMCID: PMC7115878 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many different iron oxide nanoparticles have been evaluated over the years, for a wide variety of biomedical applications. We here summarize the synthesis, surface functionalization and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles, as well as their (pre-) clinical use in diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic settings. Diagnostic applications include liver, lymph node, inflammation and vascular imaging, employing mostly magnetic resonance imaging but recently also magnetic particle imaging. Therapeutic applications encompass iron supplementation in anemia and advanced cancer treatments, such as modulation of macrophage polarization, magnetic fluid hyperthermia and magnetic drug targeting. Because of their properties, iron oxide nanoparticles are particularly useful for theranostic purposes. Examples of such setups, in which diagnosis and therapy are intimately combined and in which iron oxide nanoparticles are used, are image-guided drug delivery, image-guided and microbubble-mediated opening of the blood-brain barrier, and theranostic tissue engineering. Together, these directions highlight the versatility and the broad applicability of iron oxide nanoparticles, and indicate the integration in future medical practice of multiple iron oxide nanoparticle-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammadali Dadfar
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karolin Roemhild
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natascha I Drude
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials - DWI, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Saskia von Stillfried
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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12
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Khandhar AP, Wilson GJ, Kaul MG, Salamon J, Jung C, Krishnan KM. Evaluating size-dependent relaxivity of PEGylated-USPIOs to develop gadolinium-free T1 contrast agents for vascular imaging. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2440-2447. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit P. Khandhar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195
| | | | - Michael G. Kaul
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Johannes Salamon
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Caroline Jung
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Kannan M. Krishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195
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13
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Yuan H, Wilks MQ, Normandin MD, El Fakhri G, Kaittanis C, Josephson L. Heat-induced radiolabeling and fluorescence labeling of Feraheme nanoparticles for PET/SPECT imaging and flow cytometry. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:392-412. [PMID: 29370158 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Feraheme (FH) nanoparticles (NPs) have been used extensively for treatment of iron anemia (due to their slow release of ionic iron in acidic environments). In addition, injected FH NPs are internalized by monocytes and function as MRI biomarkers for the pathological accumulation of monocytes in disease. We have recently expanded these applications by radiolabeling FH NPs for positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging using a heat-induced radiolabeling (HIR) strategy. Imaging FH NPs using PET/SPECT has important advantages over MRI due to lower iron doses and improved quantitation of tissue NP concentrations. HIR of FH NPs leaves the physical and biological properties of the NPs unchanged and allows researchers to build on the extensive knowledge obtained about the pharmacokinetic and safety aspects of FH NPs. In this protocol, we present the step-by-step procedures for heat (120 °C)-induced bonding of three widely employed radiocations (89Zr4+ or 64Cu2+ for PET, and 111In3+ for SPECT) to FH NPs using a chelateless radiocation surface adsorption (RSA) approach. In addition, we describe the conversion of FH carboxyl groups into amines and their reaction with an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) of a Cy5.5 fluorophore. This yields Cy5.5-FH, a fluorescent FH that enables the cells internalizing Cy5.5-FH to be examined using flow cytometry. Finally, we describe procedures for in vivo and ex vivo uptake of Cy5.5-FH by monocytes and for in vivo microPET/CT imaging of HIR-FH NPs. Synthesis of HIR-FH requires experience with working with radioactive cations and can be completed within <4 h. Synthesis of Cy5.5-FH NPs takes ∼17 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hushan Yuan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Moses Q Wilks
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marc D Normandin
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charalambos Kaittanis
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Horváth A, Varallyay CG, Schwartz D, Toth GB, Netto JP, Barajas R, Várallyay P, Szidonya L, Firkins J, Youngers E, Fu R, Ambady P, Bogner P, Neuwelt EA. Quantitative comparison of delayed ferumoxytol T 1 enhancement with immediate gadoteridol enhancement in high grade gliomas. Magn Reson Med 2017; 80:224-230. [PMID: 29205477 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Delayed ferumoxytol enhancement on T1 -weighted images appears visually similar to gadoteridol enhancement. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare ferumoxytol T1 enhancement to gadoteridol enhancement with an objective, semi-automated method. METHODS 206 sets of post-gadoteridol and 24 h post-ferumoxytol T1 -weighted scans from 58 high grade glioma patients were analyzed (9 pre-chemoradiation, 111 < 90 days post-chemoradiation, 21 > 90 days post-chemoradiation, 65 post-bevacizumab scans). Enhancement volumes and signal intensities normalized to normal appearing tissue proximal to enhancement were calculated with a semi-automated method. Enhancement cube root volumes (D) and signal intensities (SI) were compared between the 2 contrast agents, and relative difference of D and SI were compared in different treatment groups with multivariate analysis. Within patient differences in D and SI before and after treatment with bevacizumab or steroid were assessed in 26 patients in each treatment group. RESULTS When compared to gadoteridol, ferumoxytol D was 13.83% smaller and SI was 7.24% lower (P < 0.0001). The relative differences in D and SI between the 2 contrast agents were not significantly different between treatment groups (P > 0.05). Relative difference in D and SI did not change significantly in response to bevacizumab (P = 0.5234 and P = 0.2442, respectively) or to steroid (P = 0.3774, P = 0.0741) in the within patient comparison. CONCLUSION The correlation between the 2 contrast agents' enhancement size and signal intensity and their similar behavior in response to therapy suggest that ferumoxytol can be used for revealing enhancement in high grade glioma patients. Magn Reson Med 80:224-230, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Horváth
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Csanad G Varallyay
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gerda B Toth
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joao P Netto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ramon Barajas
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Péter Várallyay
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Szidonya
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jenny Firkins
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Emily Youngers
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rongwei Fu
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Prakash Ambady
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Péter Bogner
- University of Pécs, Department of Radiology, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edward A Neuwelt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
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15
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Varallyay CG, Toth GB, Fu R, Netto JP, Firkins J, Ambady P, Neuwelt EA. What Does the Boxed Warning Tell Us? Safe Practice of Using Ferumoxytol as an MRI Contrast Agent. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1297-1302. [PMID: 28495944 PMCID: PMC5509484 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite the label change and the FDA's boxed warning added to the Feraheme (ferumoxytol) label in March 2015, radiologists have shown increasing interest in using ferumoxytol as an MR imaging contrast agent as a supplement or alternative to gadolinium. The goals of this study were to provide information regarding ferumoxytol safety as an imaging agent in a single center and to assess how the Feraheme label change may affect this potential, currently off-label indication. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study evaluated the overall frequency of ferumoxytol-related adverse events when used for CNS MR imaging. Patients with various CNS pathologies were enrolled in institutional review board-approved imaging studies. Ferumoxytol was administered as multiple rapid bolus injections. The risk of adverse events was correlated with demographic data/medical history. RESULTS The safety of 671 ferumoxytol-enhanced MR studies in 331 patients was analyzed. No anaphylactic, life-threatening, or fatal (grade 4 or 5) adverse events were recorded. The overall proportion of ferumoxytol-related grade 1-3 adverse events was 10.6% (8.6% occurring within 48 hours), including hypertension (2.38%), nausea (1.64%), diarrhea (1.04%), and headache (1.04%). History of 1 or 2 allergies was associated with an increased risk of adverse events (14.61% versus 7.51% [no history]; P = .007). CONCLUSIONS The frequency of mild ferumoxytol-related adverse events was comparable with literature results, and no serious adverse event was recorded. Although the recommendations in the boxed warning should be followed, serious adverse events appear to be rare, and with proper precautions, ferumoxytol may be a valuable MR imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Varallyay
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.G.V., J.P.N.)
- Neurology (C.G.V., G.B.T., J.P.N., J.F., P.A., E.A.N.)
| | - G B Toth
- Neurology (C.G.V., G.B.T., J.P.N., J.F., P.A., E.A.N.)
| | - R Fu
- Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology (R.F.)
- School of Public Health (R.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - J P Netto
- Neurology (C.G.V., G.B.T., J.P.N., J.F., P.A., E.A.N.)
| | - J Firkins
- Neurology (C.G.V., G.B.T., J.P.N., J.F., P.A., E.A.N.)
| | - P Ambady
- Neurology (C.G.V., G.B.T., J.P.N., J.F., P.A., E.A.N.)
| | - E A Neuwelt
- Neurology (C.G.V., G.B.T., J.P.N., J.F., P.A., E.A.N.)
- Neurosurgery (E.A.N.)
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.A.N.), Portland, Oregon
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16
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Toth GB, Varallyay CG, Horvath A, Bashir MR, Choyke PL, Daldrup-Link HE, Dosa E, Finn JP, Gahramanov S, Harisinghani M, Macdougall I, Neuwelt A, Vasanawala SS, Ambady P, Barajas R, Cetas JS, Ciporen J, DeLoughery TJ, Doolittle ND, Fu R, Grinstead J, Guimaraes AR, Hamilton BE, Li X, McConnell HL, Muldoon LL, Nesbit G, Netto JP, Petterson D, Rooney WD, Schwartz D, Szidonya L, Neuwelt EA. Current and potential imaging applications of ferumoxytol for magnetic resonance imaging. Kidney Int 2017; 92:47-66. [PMID: 28434822 PMCID: PMC5505659 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is a commonly used diagnostic tool. Compared with standard gadolinium-based contrast agents, ferumoxytol (Feraheme, AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA), used as an alternative contrast medium, is feasible in patients with impaired renal function. Other attractive imaging features of i.v. ferumoxytol include a prolonged blood pool phase and delayed intracellular uptake. With its unique pharmacologic, metabolic, and imaging properties, ferumoxytol may play a crucial role in future magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system, various organs outside the central nervous system, and the cardiovascular system. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the overall safety and effectiveness of this novel contrast agent, with rarely occurring anaphylactoid reactions. The purpose of this review is to describe the general and organ-specific properties of ferumoxytol, as well as the advantages and potential pitfalls associated with its use in magnetic resonance imaging. To more fully demonstrate the applications of ferumoxytol throughout the body, an imaging atlas was created and is available online as supplementary material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda B Toth
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Csanad G Varallyay
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrea Horvath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, 3808, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Edit Dosa
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - John Paul Finn
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Seymur Gahramanov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Mukesh Harisinghani
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Iain Macdougall
- Department of Renal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alexander Neuwelt
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Prakash Ambady
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ramon Barajas
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Justin S Cetas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeremy Ciporen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Thomas J DeLoughery
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nancy D Doolittle
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rongwei Fu
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | - Bronwyn E Hamilton
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Heather L McConnell
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Leslie L Muldoon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gary Nesbit
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joao P Netto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David Petterson
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - William D Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Laszlo Szidonya
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Edward A Neuwelt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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17
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Akers A, Al-Shahi Salman R, A. Awad I, Dahlem K, Flemming K, Hart B, Kim H, Jusue-Torres I, Kondziolka D, Lee C, Morrison L, Rigamonti D, Rebeiz T, Tournier-Lasserve E, Waggoner D, Whitehead K. Synopsis of Guidelines for the Clinical Management of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Consensus Recommendations Based on Systematic Literature Review by the Angioma Alliance Scientific Advisory Board Clinical Experts Panel. Neurosurgery 2017; 80:665-680. [PMID: 28387823 PMCID: PMC5808153 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite many publications about cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), controversy remains regarding diagnostic and management strategies. OBJECTIVE To develop guidelines for CCM management. METHODS The Angioma Alliance ( www.angioma.org ), the patient support group in the United States advocating on behalf of patients and research in CCM, convened a multidisciplinary writing group comprising expert CCM clinicians to help summarize the existing literature related to the clinical care of CCM, focusing on 5 topics: (1) epidemiology and natural history, (2) genetic testing and counseling, (3) diagnostic criteria and radiology standards, (4) neurosurgical considerations, and (5) neurological considerations. The group reviewed literature, rated evidence, developed recommendations, and established consensus, controversies, and knowledge gaps according to a prespecified protocol. RESULTS Of 1270 publications published between January 1, 1983 and September 31, 2014, we selected 98 based on methodological criteria, and identified 38 additional recent or relevant publications. Topic authors used these publications to summarize current knowledge and arrive at 23 consensus management recommendations, which we rated by class (size of effect) and level (estimate of certainty) according to the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association criteria. No recommendation was level A (because of the absence of randomized controlled trials), 11 (48%) were level B, and 12 (52%) were level C. Recommendations were class I in 8 (35%), class II in 10 (43%), and class III in 5 (22%). CONCLUSION Current evidence supports recommendations for the management of CCM, but their generally low levels and classes mandate further research to better inform clinical practice and update these recommendations. The complete recommendations document, including the criteria for selecting reference citations, a more detailed justification of the respective recommendations, and a summary of controversies and knowledge gaps, was similarly peer reviewed and is available on line www.angioma.org/CCMGuidelines .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Issam A. Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Kelly Flemming
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Blaine Hart
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Helen Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Douglas Kondziolka
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City, New York
| | | | - Leslie Morrison
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Daniele Rigamonti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tania Rebeiz
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Darrel Waggoner
- Department of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kevin Whitehead
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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18
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Finn JP, Nguyen KL, Hu P. Ferumoxytol vs. Gadolinium agents for contrast-enhanced MRI: Thoughts on evolving indications, risks, and benefits. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 46:919-923. [PMID: 28160356 PMCID: PMC10156572 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Paul Finn
- Department of Radiological Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Physics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Physics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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19
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Ramanathan RK, Korn RL, Raghunand N, Sachdev JC, Newbold RG, Jameson G, Fetterly GJ, Prey J, Klinz SG, Kim J, Cain J, Hendriks BS, Drummond DC, Bayever E, Fitzgerald JB. Correlation between Ferumoxytol Uptake in Tumor Lesions by MRI and Response to Nanoliposomal Irinotecan in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: A Pilot Study. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3638-3648. [PMID: 28159813 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine whether deposition characteristics of ferumoxytol (FMX) iron nanoparticles in tumors, identified by quantitative MRI, may predict tumor lesion response to nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI).Experimental Design: Eligible patients with previously treated solid tumors had FMX-MRI scans before and following (1, 24, and 72 hours) FMX injection. After MRI acquisition, R2* signal was used to calculate FMX levels in plasma, reference tissue, and tumor lesions by comparison with a phantom-based standard curve. Patients then received nal-IRI (70 mg/m2 free base strength) biweekly until progression. Two percutaneous core biopsies were collected from selected tumor lesions 72 hours after FMX or nal-IRI.Results: Iron particle levels were quantified by FMX-MRI in plasma, reference tissues, and tumor lesions in 13 of 15 eligible patients. On the basis of a mechanistic pharmacokinetic model, tissue permeability to FMX correlated with early FMX-MRI signals at 1 and 24 hours, while FMX tissue binding contributed at 72 hours. Higher FMX levels (ranked relative to median value of multiple evaluable lesions from 9 patients) were significantly associated with reduction in lesion size by RECIST v1.1 at early time points (P < 0.001 at 1 hour and P < 0.003 at 24 hours FMX-MRI, one-way ANOVA). No association was observed with post-FMX levels at 72 hours. Irinotecan drug levels in lesions correlated with patient's time on treatment (Spearman ρ = 0.7824; P = 0.0016).Conclusions: Correlation between FMX levels in tumor lesions and nal-IRI activity suggests that lesion permeability to FMX and subsequent tumor uptake may be a useful noninvasive and predictive biomarker for nal-IRI response in patients with solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3638-48. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh K Ramanathan
- Virginia G Piper Cancer Center, Honor Healthcare, Scottsdale, Arizona. .,Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Ronald L Korn
- Virginia G Piper Cancer Center, Honor Healthcare, Scottsdale, Arizona.,Imaging Endpoints, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | - Jasgit C Sachdev
- Virginia G Piper Cancer Center, Honor Healthcare, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Ronald G Newbold
- Virginia G Piper Cancer Center, Honor Healthcare, Scottsdale, Arizona.,Imaging Endpoints, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Gayle Jameson
- Virginia G Piper Cancer Center, Honor Healthcare, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | - Joshua Prey
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Jaeyeon Kim
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jason Cain
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Eliel Bayever
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
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20
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Extremely Small Pseudoparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle as a Novel Blood Pool T1 Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent for 3 T Whole-Heart Coronary Angiography in Canines. Invest Radiol 2017; 52:128-133. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Abstract
In vivo imaging, which enables us to peer deeply within living subjects, is producing tremendous opportunities both for clinical diagnostics and as a research tool. Contrast material is often required to clearly visualize the functional architecture of physiological structures. Recent advances in nanomaterials are becoming pivotal to generate the high-resolution, high-contrast images needed for accurate, precision diagnostics. Nanomaterials are playing major roles in imaging by delivering large imaging payloads, yielding improved sensitivity, multiplexing capacity, and modularity of design. Indeed, for several imaging modalities, nanomaterials are now not simply ancillary contrast entities, but are instead the original and sole source of image signal that make possible the modality's existence. We address the physicochemical makeup/design of nanomaterials through the lens of the physical properties that produce contrast signal for the cognate imaging modality-we stratify nanomaterials on the basis of their (i) magnetic, (ii) optical, (iii) acoustic, and/or (iv) nuclear properties. We evaluate them for their ability to provide relevant information under preclinical and clinical circumstances, their in vivo safety profiles (which are being incorporated into their chemical design), their modularity in being fused to create multimodal nanomaterials (spanning multiple different physical imaging modalities and therapeutic/theranostic capabilities), their key properties, and critically their likelihood to be clinically translated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ronain Smith
- Stanford University , 3155 Porter Drive, #1214, Palo Alto, California 94304-5483, United States
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- The James H. Clark Center , 318 Campus Drive, First Floor, E-150A, Stanford, California 94305-5427, United States
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22
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Incidental ferumoxytol artifacts in clinical brain MR imaging. Neuroradiology 2016; 58:1087-1091. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-016-1747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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T1-weighted MR imaging of glioma at 3T: a comparative study of 3D MPRAGE vs. conventional 2D spin-echo imaging. Clin Imaging 2016; 40:1257-1261. [PMID: 27639863 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to investigate difference between magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo imaging (MPRAGE) and spin-echo (SE) imaging for evaluating glioma on pre-contrast-enhanced (CE) and post-CE T1-weighted images at 3 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively assessed pre-CE and post-CE T1-weighted images for tumor contrast in 64 consecutive glioma patients. RESULTS In the nonenhancing tumors, the contrast was significantly clearer in MPRAGE than SE. In the enhancing tumors, post-CE contrast ratio was significantly higher in SE than MPRAGE, but when subtraction images are evaluated, the difference got smaller. CONCLUSION MPRAGE can be a good substitute of SE for T1-weighted imaging of glioma.
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24
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Nguyen KL, Yoshida T, Han F, Ayad I, Reemtsen BL, Salusky IB, Satou GM, Hu P, Finn JP. MRI with ferumoxytol: A single center experience of safety across the age spectrum. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:804-812. [PMID: 27480885 PMCID: PMC5290274 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To summarize our single‐center safety experience with the off‐label use of ferumoxytol for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to compare the effects of ferumoxytol on monitored physiologic indices in patients under anesthesia with those of gadofosveset trisodium. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients who underwent ferumoxytol‐enhanced (FE) MRI exams were included. Adverse events (AEs) were classified according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0. In a subgroup of patients examined under general anesthesia, recording of blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and end‐tidal CO2 was performed. A comparable group of 23 patients who underwent gadofosveset‐enhanced (GE) MRI under anesthesia with similar monitoring was also analyzed. Results In all, 217 unique patients, ages 3 days to 94 years, underwent FE‐MRI. No ferumoxytol‐related severe, life‐threatening, or fatal AEs occurred acutely or at follow‐up. Two patients developed ferumoxytol‐related nausea. Between‐group (FE‐ vs. GE‐MRI) comparisons showed no statistical difference in heart rate (P = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 96–113 bpm), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (P = 0.74, 95% CI 44–52 mmHg), oxygen saturation (P = 0.76, 95% CI 94–98%), and end‐tidal CO2 (P = 0.73, 95% CI 31–37 mmHg). No significant change in MAP (P = 0.12, 95% CI 50–58 mmHg) or heart rate (P = 0.25, 95% CI 91–105 bpm) was noted between slow infusion of ferumoxytol (n = 113) vs. bolus injection (n = 104). Conclusion In our single‐center experience, no serious AEs occurred with the diagnostic use of ferumoxytol across a wide spectrum of age, renal function, and indications. Because of the limited sample size, firm conclusions cannot be drawn about the generalizability of our results. Thus, vigilance and monitoring are recommended to mitigate potential rare adverse reactions. Level of Evidence: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:804–812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Takegawa Yoshida
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fei Han
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ihab Ayad
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian L Reemtsen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gary M Satou
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peng Hu
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - J Paul Finn
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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25
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Liu L, Tseng L, Ye Q, Wu YL, Bain DJ, Ho C. A New Method for Preparing Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Labeling with Ferumoxytol for Cell Tracking by MRI. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26271. [PMID: 27188664 PMCID: PMC4870722 DOI: 10.1038/srep26271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are among the major stem cells used for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. In-vivo cell-tracking by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for regenerative medicine, allowing verification that the transplanted cells reach the targeted sites. Cellular MRI combined with superparamagnetic iron-oxide (SPIO) contrast agents is an effective cell-tracking method. Here, we are reporting a new “bio-mimicry” method by making use of the “in-vivo environment” of MSCs to prepare native MSCs, so that (i) the phagocytic activity of cultured MSCs can be recovered and expanded MSCs can be ex-vivo labeled with Ferumoxytol, which is currently the only FDA approved SPIO nanoparticles for human use. Using our new method, 7-day cultured MSCs regain the capability to take up Ferumoxytol and exhibit an intracellular iron concentration of 2.50 ± 0.50 pg/MSC, comparable to that obtained by using Ferumoxytol-heparin-protamine nanocomplex; and (ii) cells can be re-sized to more native size, reducing from 32.0 ± 7.2 μm to 19.5 ± 5.2 μm. Our method can be very useful for expanding MSCs and labeling with Ferumoxytol, without the need for transfection agents and/or electroporation, allowing cell-tracking by MRI in both pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lanya Tseng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yijen L Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Bain
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chien Ho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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26
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Liu H, Zhang J, Chen X, Du XS, Zhang JL, Liu G, Zhang WG. Application of iron oxide nanoparticles in glioma imaging and therapy: from bench to bedside. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7808-7826. [PMID: 27029509 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00147e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors and have a very dismal prognosis. However, recent advancements in nanomedicine and nanotechnology provide opportunities for personalized treatment regimens to improve the poor prognosis of patients suffering from glioma. This comprehensive review starts with an outline of the current status facing glioma. It then provides an overview of the state-of-the-art applications of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to glioma diagnostics and therapeutics, including MR contrast enhancement, drug delivery, cell labeling and tracking, magnetic hyperthermia treatment and magnetic particle imaging. It also addresses current challenges associated with the biological barriers and IONP design with an emphasis on recent advances and innovative approaches for glioma targeting strategies. Opportunities for future development are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China. and Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xue-Song Du
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jin-Long Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China and The State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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27
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McConnell HL, Schwartz DL, Richardson BE, Woltjer RL, Muldoon LL, Neuwelt EA. Ferumoxytol nanoparticle uptake in brain during acute neuroinflammation is cell-specific. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1535-42. [PMID: 27071335 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ferumoxytol ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can enhance contrast between neuroinflamed and normal-appearing brain tissue when used as a contrast agent for high-sensitivity magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here we used an anti-dextran antibody (Dx1) that binds the nanoparticle's carboxymethyldextran coating to differentiate ferumoxytol from endogenous iron and localize it unequivocally in brain tissue. Intravenous injection of ferumoxytol into immune-competent rats that harbored human tumor xenograft-induced inflammatory brain lesions resulted in heterogeneous and lesion-specific signal enhancement on MRI scans in vivo. We used Dx1 immunolocalization and electron microscopy to identify ferumoxytol in affected tissue post-MRI. We found that ferumoxytol nanoparticles were taken up by astrocyte endfeet surrounding cerebral vessels, astrocyte processes, and CD163(+)/CD68(+) macrophages, but not by tumor cells. These results provide a biological basis for the delayed imaging changes seen with ferumoxytol and indicate that ferumoxytol-MRI can be used to assess the inflammatory component of brain lesions in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L McConnell
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Daniel L Schwartz
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Brian E Richardson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Leslie L Muldoon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Edward A Neuwelt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA.
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28
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Vasanawala SS, Nguyen KL, Hope MD, Bridges MD, Hope TA, Reeder SB, Bashir MR. Safety and technique of ferumoxytol administration for MRI. Magn Reson Med 2016; 75:2107-11. [PMID: 26890830 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferumoxytol is an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide agent marketed for the treatment of anemia. There has been increasing interest in its properties as an MRI contrast agent as well as greater awareness of its adverse event profile. This mini-review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the risks of ferumoxytol and methods of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michael D Hope
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Thomas A Hope
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Departments of Radiology, Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development and Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
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29
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Durighel G, Tokarczuk PF, Karsa A, Gordon F, Cook SA, O'Regan DP. Acute myocardial infarction: susceptibility-weighted cardiac MRI for the detection of reperfusion haemorrhage at 1.5 T. Clin Radiol 2016; 71:e150-6. [PMID: 26772533 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess whether susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) provides better image contrast for the detection of haemorrhagic ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the heart. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients (all men; mean age 53 years) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 7 days of primary percutaneous intervention for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Multiple gradient-echo T2* sequences with magnitude and phase reconstructions were acquired. A high-pass filtered phase map was used to create a mask for the SWI reconstructions. The difference in image contrast was assessed in those patients with microvascular obstruction. A mixed effects regression model was used to test the effect of echo time and reconstruction method on phase and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) are reported. RESULTS T2* in haemorrhagic infarcts was shorter than in non-haemorrhagic infarcts (33.5 ms [24.9-43] versus 49.9 ms [44.6-67.6]; p=0.0007). The effect of echo time on phase was significant (p<0.0001), as was the effect of haemorrhage on phase (p=0.0016). SWI reconstruction had a significant effect on the CNR at all echo times (echoes 1-5, p<0.0001; echo 6, p=0.01; echo 7, p=0.02). The median echo number at which haemorrhage was first visible was less for SWI compared to source images (echo 2 versus echo 5, p=0.0002). CONCLUSION Cardiac SWI improves the contrast between myocardial haemorrhage and the surrounding tissue following STEMI and has potential as a new tool for identifying patients with ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Durighel
- Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - P F Tokarczuk
- Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - A Karsa
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - F Gordon
- Statistical Advisory Service, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London W12 1PG, UK
| | - S A Cook
- Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK; Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, 17 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore 168752, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - D P O'Regan
- Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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30
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Gkagkanasiou M, Ploussi A, Gazouli M, Efstathopoulos EP. USPIO-Enhanced MRI Neuroimaging: A Review. J Neuroimaging 2015; 26:161-8. [PMID: 26932522 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI is a powerful tool for the diagnosis and management for a variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles are a novel category of MRI contrast agents that seem to play a crucial role in the imaging of CNS. Due to their physical properties, USPIOs act as blood pool agents. USPIOs improve visualization of tumor vasculature and relative cerebral blood volume measurements, tumor-associated inflammation, inflammatory-immune mediated disorders, stroke and vascular malformations. Ferumoxytol, a new type of USPIO agent, appears to have ideal characteristics for the imaging of CNS. The last few years, ferumoxytol has been successfully used to image CNS neoplasms, CNS inflammations and cerebral malformations offering useful information on cellular and molecular level. In addition, ferumoxytol studies focused on the pathophysiology of other CNS disorders like multiple sclerosis and epilepsy are already in progress. Aim of this review article is to provide the potential role of USPIO-enhanced MRI and the latest clinical applications of ferumoxytol agent in CNS imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gkagkanasiou
- Department of Computed Tomography, 251 HAF and VA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Agapi Ploussi
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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31
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Korchinski DJ, Taha M, Yang R, Nathoo N, Dunn JF. Iron Oxide as an MRI Contrast Agent for Cell Tracking. MAGNETIC RESONANCE INSIGHTS 2015; 8:15-29. [PMID: 26483609 PMCID: PMC4597836 DOI: 10.4137/mri.s23557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide contrast agents have been combined with magnetic resonance imaging for cell tracking. In this review, we discuss coating properties and provide an overview of ex vivo and in vivo labeling of different cell types, including stem cells, red blood cells, and monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, we provide examples of applications of cell tracking with iron contrast agents in stroke, multiple sclerosis, cancer, arteriovenous malformations, and aortic and cerebral aneurysms. Attempts at quantifying iron oxide concentrations and other vascular properties are examined. We advise on designing studies using iron contrast agents including methods for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Korchinski
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - May Taha
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Runze Yang
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nabeela Nathoo
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff F. Dunn
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Experimental Imaging Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,CORRESPONDENCE:
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32
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Ruangwattanapaisarn N, Hsiao A, Vasanawala SS. Ferumoxytol as an off-label contrast agent in body 3T MR angiography: a pilot study in children. Pediatr Radiol 2015; 45:831-9. [PMID: 25427433 PMCID: PMC4446254 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-014-3226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferumoxytol is an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticle agent used to treat iron deficiency anemia in adults with chronic kidney disease. OBJECTIVE We aim to determine the feasibility of using ferumoxytol for clinical pediatric cardiac and vascular imaging. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively identified 23 consecutive children who underwent MRI with ferumoxytol (11 males; mean age: 7.4 years, range: 3 days-18 years), yielding 12 abdominal MR angiography and 15 cardiac MRI studies. Medical records were reviewed for the clinical indication, ferumoxytol dose, injection rate, sedation and any complication. A two-reader consensus scored the images on a five-point scale for overall image quality and delineation of various anatomical structures. Signal-to-background ratios for abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava for abdominal cases and blood pool-myocardium contrast ratios for cardiac cases were calculated. The confidence intervals for obtaining a score of three or above for each image parameter were calculated by using adjusted Wald method. RESULTS For abdominal MR angiography, average scores for overall image quality, as well as delineation of the hepatic artery, superior mesenteric artery, renal artery and veins were 4.5, 4.3, 4.3, 3.7 and 4.7, respectively. For cardiac exams, the average scores for overall image quality, systemic arteries, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, valves and ventricles were 4.4, 4.6, 4.1, 4.8, 4.1 and 4.7, respectively. For all parameters, the lower bound for the proportion of cases to have a score of 3 or above was 65%. Signal-to-background ratios for aorta and abdominal veins averaged 86 +/- 74 and 86 +/- 77 for full-dose images, and 23 and 18 for half-dose images, respectively. Mean blood pool to myocardium contrast ratio was 3:3. CONCLUSION Ferumoxytol can provide excellent image quality for pediatric body MR angiography/MR venography at a dose of 1.5 or 3 mg Fe/kg. Further investigation should be directed toward understanding the lowest dose that can be administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichanan Ruangwattanapaisarn
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. LPCH Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Albert Hsiao
- LPCH Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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33
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Abstract
Ferumoxytol is a parenteral iron therapy that the Food and Drug Administration recently approved for the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. The form of the iron, ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, causes T1, T2, and T2* shortening on magnetic resonance imaging, which can mimic hemosiderosis. We report such a case, with laboratory findings that demonstrate normal iron stores, and discuss the potential implications.
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34
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Mandeville JB, Liu CH, Vanduffel W, Marota JJA, Jenkins BG. Data collection and analysis strategies for phMRI. Neuropharmacology 2014; 84:65-78. [PMID: 24613447 PMCID: PMC4058391 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although functional MRI traditionally has been applied mainly to study changes in task-induced brain function, evolving acquisition methodologies and improved knowledge of signal mechanisms have increased the utility of this method for studying responses to pharmacological stimuli, a technique often dubbed "phMRI". The proliferation of higher magnetic field strengths and the use of exogenous contrast agent have boosted detection power, a critical factor for successful phMRI due to the restricted ability to average multiple stimuli within subjects. Receptor-based models of neurovascular coupling, including explicit pharmacological models incorporating receptor densities and affinities and data-driven models that incorporate weak biophysical constraints, have demonstrated compelling descriptions of phMRI signal induced by dopaminergic stimuli. This report describes phMRI acquisition and analysis methodologies, with an emphasis on data-driven analyses. As an example application, statistically efficient data-driven regressors were used to describe the biphasic response to the mu-opioid agonist remifentanil, and antagonism using dopaminergic and GABAergic ligands revealed modulation of the mesolimbic pathway. Results illustrate the power of phMRI as well as our incomplete understanding of mechanisms underlying the signal. Future directions are discussed for phMRI acquisitions in human studies, for evolving analysis methodologies, and for interpretative studies using the new generation of simultaneous PET/MRI scanners. This article is part of the Special Issue Section entitled 'Neuroimaging in Neuropharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Mandeville
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Christina H Liu
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - John J A Marota
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bruce G Jenkins
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Doolittle ND, Muldoon LL, Culp AY, Neuwelt EA. Delivery of chemotherapeutics across the blood-brain barrier: challenges and advances. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2014; 71:203-43. [PMID: 25307218 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits drug delivery to brain tumors. We utilize intraarterial infusion of hyperosmotic mannitol to reversibly open the BBB by shrinking endothelial cells and opening tight junctions between the cells. This approach transiently increases the delivery of chemotherapy, antibodies, and nanoparticles to brain. Our preclinical studies have optimized the BBB disruption (BBBD) technique and clinical studies have shown its safety and efficacy. The delivery of methotrexate-based chemotherapy in conjunction with BBBD provides excellent outcomes in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) including stable or improved cognitive function in survivors a median of 12 years (range 2-26 years) after diagnosis. The addition of rituximab to chemotherapy with BBBD for PCNSL can be safely accomplished with excellent overall survival. Our translational studies of thiol agents to protect against platinum-induced toxicities led to the development of a two-compartment model in brain tumor patients. We showed that delayed high-dose sodium thiosulfate protects against carboplatin-induced hearing loss, providing the framework for large cooperative group trials of hearing chemoprotection. Neuroimaging studies have identified that ferumoxytol, an iron oxide nanoparticle blood pool agent, appears to be a superior contrast agent to accurately assess therapy-induced changes in brain tumor vasculature, in brain tumor response to therapy, and in differentiating central nervous system lesions with inflammatory components. This chapter reviews the breakthroughs, challenges, and future directions for BBBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D Doolittle
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Leslie L Muldoon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Aliana Y Culp
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Edward A Neuwelt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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Bashir MR, Bhatti L, Marin D, Nelson RC. Emerging applications for ferumoxytol as a contrast agent in MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:884-98. [PMID: 24974785 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferumoxytol is an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) agent initially approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an iron replacement therapy for patients with anemia due to chronic renal failure. Recently, ferumoxytol has been investigated extensively as an intravenous contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Since it causes regional T1 and T2 * shortening in vivo, conventional pulse sequences can be used following ferumoxytol administration to demonstrate signal enhancement or loss. Ferumoxytol can be administered as a rapid bolus and has a long intravascular half-life on the order of 14-15 hours, making it a potentially useful agent for vascular and perfusion-weighted MRI. In comparison to other USPIOs, ferumoxytol is less limited by allergic and idiosyncratic reactions. Furthermore, since ferumoxytol is an iron-based agent with no potential for causing nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, it may be useful as an alternative to gadolinium-based contrast agents in patients with compromised renal function. Ferumoxytol is ultimately taken up by macrophages/the reticuloendothelial system in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes, and this uptake mechanism is being explored as a novel imaging technique for vascular lesions, tumors, and lymph nodes. This article reviews the properties of ferumoxytol relevant to MRI as well as many of the uses for the agent currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa R Bashir
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Wegscheid ML, Morshed RA, Cheng Y, Lesniak MS. The art of attraction: applications of multifunctional magnetic nanomaterials for malignant glioma. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:957-75. [PMID: 24766329 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.912629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant gliomas remain one of medicine's most daunting unsolved clinical problems. The development of new technologies is urgently needed to improve the poor prognosis of patients suffering from these brain tumors. Magnetic nanomaterials are appealing due to unique properties that allow for noninvasive brain tumor diagnostics and therapeutics in one multifunctional platform. AREAS COVERED We report on the recent advances of magnetic nanomaterials for brain tumor imaging and therapy, with an emphasis on novel approaches and clinical progress. We detail their biomedical applications including brain tumor targeting, MRI contrast enhancement, optical imaging, magnetic hyperthermia, magnetomechanical destruction, drug delivery, gene therapy, as well as tracking of cell-based and viral-based therapies. The clinical cases and obstacles encountered in the use of magnetic nanomaterials for malignant glioma are also examined. EXPERT OPINION To accelerate the effective translation of these materials to the clinic as theranostics for brain tumors, limitations such as poor intratumoral distribution, targeting efficiency and nonspecific systemic side effects must be addressed. Future innovations should focus on optimizing and combining the unique therapeutic applications of these magnetic nanomaterials as well as improving the selectivity of the system based on the molecular profiling of tumors.
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Mistry N, Stokes AM, Van Gambrell J, Quarles CC. Nitrite induces the extravasation of iron oxide nanoparticles in hypoxic tumor tissue. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:425-430. [PMID: 24470164 PMCID: PMC3966547 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite undergoes reconversion to nitric oxide under conditions characteristic of the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia and low pH. This selective conversion of nitrite into nitric oxide in tumor tissue has led to the possibility of using nitrite to enhance drug delivery and the radiation response. In this work, we propose to serially characterize the vascular response of brain tumor-bearing rats to nitrite using contrast-enhanced R2 * mapping. Imaging is performed using a multi-echo gradient echo sequence at baseline, post iron oxide nanoparticle injection and post-nitrite injection, whilst the animal is breathing air. The results indicate that nitrite sufficiently increases the vascular permeability in C6 gliomas, such that the iron oxide nanoparticles accumulate within the tumor tissue. When animals breathed 100% oxygen, the contrast agent remained within the vasculature, indicating that the conversion of nitrite to nitric oxide occurs in the presence of hypoxia within the tumor. The hypoxia-dependent, nitrite-induced extravasation of iron oxide nanoparticles observed herein has implications for the enhancement of conventional and nanotherapeutic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Mistry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Ashley M Stokes
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science
| | - James Van Gambrell
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University
| | - Christopher Chad Quarles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science
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Bokacheva L, Ackerstaff E, LeKaye HC, Zakian K, Koutcher JA. High-field small animal magnetic resonance oncology studies. Phys Med Biol 2013; 59:R65-R127. [PMID: 24374985 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/2/r65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the applications of high magnetic field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) to cancer studies in small animals. High-field MRI can provide information about tumor physiology, the microenvironment, metabolism, vascularity and cellularity. Such studies are invaluable for understanding tumor growth and proliferation, response to treatment and drug development. The MR techniques reviewed here include (1)H, (31)P, chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging and hyperpolarized (13)C MRS as well as diffusion-weighted, blood oxygen level dependent contrast imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. These methods have been proven effective in animal studies and are highly relevant to human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Bokacheva
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 415 East 68 Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Hasan DM, Amans M, Tihan T, Hess C, Guo Y, Cha S, Su H, Martin AJ, Lawton MT, Neuwelt EA, Saloner DA, Young WL. Ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI to Image Inflammation within Human Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Pilot Investigation. Transl Stroke Res 2013; 3:166-73. [PMID: 23002401 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-012-0172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation cell infiltration and cytokine expression are seen in the vascular walls and intervening stroma of resected brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) specimens, even in unruptured and previously untreated lesions. Macrophages may play a critical role in bAVM progression to rupture, and could serve as a marker for rupture risk. We assessed feasibility of imaging macrophages within the bAVM nidus using ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI in four patients with already diagnosed bAVMs using iron-sensitive imaging (ISI; T2*-GE-MRI sequence). Patients were imaged at baseline and at either 1 day (n=2) or 5 days (n=2) after infusion of 5mg/kg of ferumoxytol. Residual intravascular ferumoxytol obscured evaluation for uptake in bAVM vascular walls and stroma at the 1-day time point. The two cases imaged at 5 days showed less intravascular tracer but had signal loss in the nidal region consistent with ferumoxytol localization. One case underwent surgical resection; there was prominent vascular wall CD68 staining. Ferumoxytol-enhanced-MRI for assessing bAVM inflammatory cell burden appears feasible and has the potential to be developed as a biomarker to study lesional inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Shi Q, Pisani LJ, Lee YK, Messing S, Ansari C, Bhaumik S, Lowery L, Lee BD, Meyer DE, Daldrup-Link HE. Evaluation of the novel USPIO GEH121333 for MR imaging of cancer immune responses. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:281-8. [PMID: 23606432 PMCID: PMC3662997 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) maintain a chronic inflammation in cancers, which is associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to: (1) evaluate the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of the novel ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (USPIO) compound GEH121333; (2) assess whether GEH121333 can serve as a MR imaging biomarker for TAM; and (3) compare tumor MR enhancement profiles between GEH121333 and ferumoxytol. Blood half-lives of GEH121333 and ferumoxytol were measured by relaxometry (n = 4 each). Tolerance was assessed in healthy rats injected with high dose GEH121333, vehicle or saline (n = 4 each). Animals were monitored for 7 days regarding body weight, complete blood counts and serum chemistry, followed by histological evaluation of visceral organs. MR imaging was performed on mice harboring MMTV-PyMT-derived breast adenocarcinomas using a 7 T scanner before and up to 72 h post-injection (p.i.) of GEH121333 (n = 10) or ferumoxytol (n = 9). Tumor R1, R2* relaxation rates were compared between different experimental groups and time points, using a linear mixed effects model with a random effect for each animal. MR data were correlated with histopathology. GEH121333 showed a longer circulation half-life than ferumoxytol. Intravenous GEH121333 did not produce significant adverse effects in rats. All tumors demonstrated significant enhancement on T1, T2 and T2*-weighted images at 1, 24, 48 and 72 h p.i. GEH121333 generated stronger tumor T2* enhancement than ferumoxytol. Histological analysis verified intracellular compartmentalization of GEH121333 by TAM at 24, 48 and 72 h p.i. MR imaging with GEH121333 nanoparticles represents a novel biomarker for TAM assessment. This new USPIO MR contrast agent provides a longer blood half-life and better TAM enhancement compared with the iron supplement ferumoxytol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Shi
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Bashir MR, Mody R, Neville A, Javan R, Seaman D, Kim CY, Gupta RT, Jaffe TA. Retrospective assessment of the utility of an iron-based agent for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography in patients with endstage renal diseases. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 40:113-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa R. Bashir
- Department of Radiology; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Rekha Mody
- Department of Radiology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Amy Neville
- Department of Radiology; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Ramin Javan
- Department of Radiology; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Danielle Seaman
- Department of Radiology; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Charles Y. Kim
- Department of Radiology; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Rajan T. Gupta
- Department of Radiology; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Tracy A. Jaffe
- Department of Radiology; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
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Renal transplant imaging using magnetic resonance angiography with a nonnephrotoxic contrast agent. Transplantation 2013; 96:91-6. [PMID: 23680931 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318295464c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In renal allograft recipients presenting with graft dysfunction, it is critical to determine the patency of the transplant vasculature to guide clinical management. Conventional modalities such as Doppler ultrasound, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and noncontrast MRA are each of limited use because of technical factors and toxicity of standard contrast agents. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review our institutional experience with renal transplant MRA using ferumoxytol (a nonnephrotoxic medication) as a contrast agent and evaluate its use in the assessment of allograft vascular patency in patients with graft dysfunction, either delayed or slow graft function within hours to days after kidney transplantation or acute kidney injury weeks to months after kidney transplantation. METHODS Sixteen kidney transplant recipients were retrospectively identified who underwent ferumoxytol-enhanced MRA after a nondiagnostic ultrasound for kidney dysfunction after transplantation. Image evaluation was performed by two radiologists, and clinical follow-up data were collected. RESULTS In 1 of 16 subjects, MRA with ferumoxytol demonstrated complete arterial occlusion of an allograft. In 2 of 16 subjects, MRA detected moderate to severe anastomotic stenoses, which were confirmed at catheter angiography and successfully treated, resulting in the improvement of graft function. In 13 of 16 subjects, MRA demonstrated normal graft vasculature, and an alternative cause of allograft dysfunction was ultimately confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that ferumoxytol-enhanced MRA may be a novel, safe method to accurately detect graft artery abnormalities in renal transplant recipients without the risk of nephrotoxicity, when transplant ultrasound is nondiagnostic.
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Khurana A, Chapelin F, Beck G, Lenkov OD, Donig J, Nejadnik H, Messing S, Derugin N, Chan RCF, Gaur A, Sennino B, McDonald DM, Kempen PJ, Tikhomirov GA, Rao J, Daldrup-Link HE. Iron administration before stem cell harvest enables MR imaging tracking after transplantation. Radiology 2013; 269:186-97. [PMID: 23850832 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13130858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether intravenous ferumoxytol can be used to effectively label mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo and can be used for tracking of stem cell transplants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. Sprague-Dawley rats (6-8 weeks old) were injected with ferumoxytol 48 hours prior to extraction of MSCs from bone marrow. Ferumoxytol uptake by these MSCs was evaluated with fluorescence, confocal, and electron microscopy and compared with results of traditional ex vivo-labeling procedures. The in vivo-labeled cells were subsequently transplanted in osteochondral defects of 14 knees of seven athymic rats and were evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging up to 4 weeks after transplantation. T2 relaxation times of in vivo-labeled MSC transplants and unlabeled control transplants were compared by using t tests. MR data were correlated with histopathologic results. RESULTS In vivo-labeled MSCs demonstrated significantly higher ferumoxytol uptake compared with ex vivo-labeled cells. With electron microscopy, iron oxide nanoparticles were localized in secondary lysosomes. In vivo-labeled cells demonstrated significant T2 shortening effects in vitro and in vivo when they were compared with unlabeled control cells (T2 in vivo, 15.4 vs 24.4 msec; P < .05) and could be tracked in osteochondral defects for 4 weeks. Histologic examination confirmed the presence of iron in labeled transplants and defect remodeling. CONCLUSION Intravenous ferumoxytol can be used to effectively label MSCs in vivo and can be used for tracking of stem cell transplants with MR imaging. This method eliminates risks of contamination and biologic alteration of MSCs associated with ex vivo-labeling procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Khurana
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; Department of Communication and Statistics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
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Farrell BT, Hamilton BE, Dósa E, Rimely E, Nasseri M, Gahramanov S, Lacy CA, Frenkel EP, Doolittle ND, Jacobs PM, Neuwelt EA. Using iron oxide nanoparticles to diagnose CNS inflammatory diseases and PCNSL. Neurology 2013; 81:256-63. [PMID: 23771486 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31829bfd8f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study goal was to assess the benefits and potential limitations in the use of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles in the MRI diagnosis of CNS inflammatory diseases and primary CNS lymphoma. METHODS Twenty patients with presumptive or known CNS lesions underwent MRI study. Eighteen patients received both gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and 1 of 2 USPIO contrast agents (ferumoxytol and ferumoxtran-10) 24 hours apart, which allowed direct comparative analysis. The remaining 2 patients had only USPIO-enhanced MRI because of a renal contraindication to GBCA. Conventional T1- and T2-weighted MRI were acquired before and after contrast administration in all patients, and perfusion MRI for relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) assessment was obtained in all 9 patients receiving ferumoxytol. RESULTS USPIO-enhanced MRI showed an equal number of enhancing brain lesions in 9 of 18 patients (50%), more enhancing lesions in 2 of 18 patients (11%), and fewer enhancing lesions in 3 of 18 patients (17%) compared with GBCA-enhanced MRI. Four of 18 patients (22%) showed no MRI enhancement. Dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI using ferumoxytol showed low rCBV (ratio <1.0) in 3 cases of demyelination or inflammation, modestly elevated rCBV in 5 cases of CNS lymphoma or lymphoproliferative disorder (range: 1.3-4.1), and no measurable disease in one case. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that USPIO-enhanced brain MRI can be useful in the diagnosis of CNS inflammatory disorders and lymphoma, and is also useful for patients with renal compromise at risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis who are unable to receive GBCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Farrell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Varallyay CG, Nesbit E, Fu R, Gahramanov S, Moloney B, Earl E, Muldoon LL, Li X, Rooney WD, Neuwelt EA. High-resolution steady-state cerebral blood volume maps in patients with central nervous system neoplasms using ferumoxytol, a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:780-6. [PMID: 23486297 PMCID: PMC3653563 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral blood volume (CBV) measurement complements conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to indicate pathologies in the central nervous system (CNS). Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion imaging is limited by low resolution and distortion. Steady-state (SS) imaging may provide higher resolution CBV maps but was not previously possible in patients. We tested the feasibility of clinical SS-CBV measurement using ferumoxytol, a nanoparticle blood pool contrast agent. SS-CBV measurement was analyzed at various ferumoxytol doses and compared with DSC-CBV using gadoteridol. Ninety nine two-day MRI studies were acquired in 65 patients with CNS pathologies. The SS-CBV maps showed improved contrast to noise ratios, decreased motion artifacts at increasing ferumoxytol doses. Relative CBV (rCBV) values obtained in the thalamus and tumor regions indicated good consistency between the DSC and SS techniques when the higher dose (510 mg) ferumoxytol was used. The SS-CBV maps are feasible using ferumoxytol in a clinical dose of 510 mg, providing higher resolution images with comparable rCBV values to the DSC technique. Physiologic imaging using nanoparticles will be beneficial in visualizing CNS pathologies with high vascularity that may or may not correspond with blood-brain barrier abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csanad G Varallyay
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and
Science University, Portland, Oregon,
USA
| | - Eric Nesbit
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and
Science University, Portland, Oregon,
USA
| | - Rongwei Fu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive
Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland,
Oregon, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon
Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon,
USA
| | - Seymur Gahramanov
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and
Science University, Portland, Oregon,
USA
| | - Brendan Moloney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon
Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon,
USA
| | - Eric Earl
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon
Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon,
USA
| | - Leslie L Muldoon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and
Science University, Portland, Oregon,
USA
| | - Xin Li
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon
Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon,
USA
| | - William D Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon
Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon,
USA
| | - Edward A Neuwelt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and
Science University, Portland, Oregon,
USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health and
Science University, Portland, Oregon,
USA
- Office of Research and Development,
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland,
Oregon, USA
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Schwarz MA, Pham M, Helluy X, Doerfler A, Engelhorn T. MRI assessment of experimental gliomas using 17.6 T. Neuroradiology 2013; 55:709-18. [PMID: 23475161 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-013-1149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using ultra-high-field contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an increase of field strength is associated with a decrease of T 1 relaxivity. Yet, the impact of this effect on signal characteristics and contrast-enhanced pathology remains unclear. Hence, we evaluated the potential of a 17.6-T MRI to assess contrast-enhancing parts of experimentally induced rat gliomas compared to 3 T. METHODS A total of eight tumor-bearing rats were used for MRI assessments either at 17.6 T (four rats) or at 3 T (four rats) at 11 days after stereotactic implantation of F98 glioma cells into the right frontal lobe. T 1-weighted sequences were used to investigate signal-to-noise-ratios, contrast-to-noise-ratios, and relative contrast enhancement up to 16 min after double-dose contrast application. In addition, tumor volumes were calculated and compared to histology. RESULTS The 17.6-T-derived contrast-enhancing volumes were 31.5 ± 15.4 mm(3) at 4 min, 38.8 ± 12.7 mm(3) at 8 min, 51.1 ± 12.6 mm(3) at 12 min, and 61.5 ± 10.8 mm(3) at 16 min after gadobutrol injection. Corresponding histology-derived volumes were clearly higher (138.8 ± 8.4 mm(3); P < 0.01). At 3 T, contrast-enhancing volumes were 85.2 ± 11.7 mm(3) at 4 min, 107.3 ± 11.0 mm(3) at 8 min, 117.0 ± 10.5 mm(3) at 12 min, and 129.1 ± 10.0 mm(3) at 16 min after contrast agent application. Averaged histology-derived volumes (139.1 ± 13.4 mm(3)) in this group were comparable to the 16-min volume (P ↔16 min = 0.38). Compared to ultra-high-field MRI, all 3-T-derived volumes were significantly higher (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION Compared to 3-T-derived images and histology, tumor volumes were underestimated by approximately 50 % at 17.6 T. Hence, contrast-enhanced 17.6-T MRI provided no further benefits in tumor measurement compared to 3 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schwarz
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Dadashzadeh ER, Hobson M, Bryant LH, Dean DD, Frank JA. Rapid spectrophotometric technique for quantifying iron in cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: potential translation to the clinic. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:50-6. [PMID: 23109392 PMCID: PMC3490434 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Labeling cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles provides the ability to track cells by magnetic resonance imaging. Quantifying intracellular iron concentration in SPIO labeled cells would allow for the comparison of agents and techniques used to magnetically label cells. Here we describe a rapid spectrophotometric technique (ST) to quantify iron content of SPIO-labeled cells, circumventing the previous requirement of an overnight acid digestion. Following lysis with 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) of magnetically labeled cells, quantification of SPIO doped or labeled cells was performed using commonly available spectrophotometric instrument(s) by comparing absorptions at 370 and 750 nm with correction for turbidity of cellular products to determine the iron content of each sample. Standard curves demonstrated high linear correlation (R(2) = 0.998) between absorbance spectra of iron oxide nanoparticles and concentration in known SPIO-doped cells. Comparisons of the ST with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometric (R(2)) determinations of intracellular iron contents in SPIO containing samples resulted in significant linear correlation between the techniques (R(2) vs ST, R(2) > 0.992, p < 0.0001; ST vs ICP-MS, R(2) > 0.995, p < 0.0001) with the limit of detection of ST for iron = 0.66 µg ml(-1) for 10(6) cells ml(-1). We have developed a rapid straightforward protocol that does not require overnight acid digestion for quantifying iron oxide content in magnetically labeled cells using readily available analytic instrumentation that should greatly expedite advances in comparing SPIO agents and protocols for labeling cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel R. Dadashzadeh
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- Howard Hughes Medical Scholar, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Matthew Hobson
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - L. Henry Bryant
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Radiology Research, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Dana D. Dean
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Joseph A. Frank
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Radiology Research, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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McCullough BJ, Kolokythas O, Maki JH, Green DE. Ferumoxytol in clinical practice: Implications for MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 37:1476-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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