1
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Ji S, Zhang H, Guan Y, Song C, Han M. Analysis of imaging in pediatric bronchopulmonary foregut malformations with literature review: case reports. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1400124. [PMID: 38813545 PMCID: PMC11133687 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1400124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (BPFM) is an uncommon condition, with few case reports documented in both national and international literature. This scarcity underscores the importance of utilizing effective imaging techniques to improve our understanding and diagnostic precision concerning this disorder. Case description In the first case report, a neonate, born at full term and aged 15 days, presented with symptoms including dyspnea, coughing, wheezing, cyanosis, and vomiting. Initial diagnostic evaluations, which included chest radiography and upper gastrointestinal tract radiography, led to an erroneous initial diagnosis of a left-sided diaphragmatic hernia, accompanied by a suspicion of infection. In the second case report, another neonate, also born at full term but aged 5 days, exhibited symptoms such as coughing, choking, and mild vomiting. Utilizing a combination of computed tomography (CT) scans (plain, enhanced, and reconstructed), chest x-ray, and upper gastrointestinal tract radiography, the diagnosis of BPFM was accurately determined. Conclusion Comprehensive imaging examinations play a crucial role in reducing misdiagnosis and diagnostic oversights in cases of BPFM. Given its rarity, BPFM often manifests as a sequestered lung accompanied by gastrointestinal abnormalities. Hence, the integration of CT scans with gastrointestinal tract radiography can substantially improve diagnostic precision in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Meirong Han
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Children’s Hospital and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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2
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Inoue K, Yabe S, Kashiwabara S, Itaya Y, Era S, Kikuchi A, Takai Y. A pregnant woman with long-standing, retained intraabdominal glass shards who gave birth to a live infant with no complications: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:74. [PMID: 38402220 PMCID: PMC10894482 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most cases of traumatic injury during pregnancy involve blunt trauma, with penetrating trauma being uncommonly rare. In glass shard injuries, fragments often penetrate deeply, and multiple injuries may occur simultaneously; attention must be paid to the possibility of organ injury from the residual fragments. However, no case of this occurring during pregnancy has been reported yet. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 34-year-old pregnant Cameroonian woman who retained intraabdominal glass shards following a penetrating injury at 13 weeks gestation and not diagnosed until 22 weeks gestation. Notably, this patient continued the pregnancy without complications and gave birth via cesarean section at 36 weeks gestation. CONCLUSION In pregnant women sustaining a penetrating glass trauma during pregnancy, careful attention should be paid to the fragments; in that case, computed tomography is a useful modality for accurately visualizing any remaining fragments in the body. Essentially, the foreign bodies in glass shard injuries during pregnancy should be removed immediately, but conservative management for term delivery is an important choice for patients at risk for preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Inoue
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Yabe
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kashiwabara
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Yukiko Itaya
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Sumiko Era
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kikuchi
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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3
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Fujisaki A, Tsukamoto J, Narimatsu H, Hayashida Y, Todoroki Y, Hirano N, Takeda K, Shin S, Ota S, Anai K, Fukumitsu S, Yoshimatsu Y, Kono Y, Ueno M, Ide S, Murakami Y, Aoki T. Zero Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Techniques and Clinical Utility in Musculoskeletal System. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:32-42. [PMID: 37288953 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zero echo time (ZTE) sequence is recent advanced magnetic resonance technique that utilizes ultrafast readouts to capture signals from short-T2 tissues. This sequence enables T2- and T2* weighted imaging of tissues with short intrinsic relaxation times by using an extremely short TE, and are increasingly used in the musculoskeletal system. We review the imaging physics of these sequences, practical limitations, and image reconstruction, and then discuss the clinical utilities in various disorders of the musculoskeletal system. ZTE can be readily incorporated into the clinical workflow, and is a promising technique to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure, cost, and time-consuming by computed tomography in some cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitaka Fujisaki
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Jun Tsukamoto
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hidekuni Narimatsu
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Hayashida
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yo Todoroki
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Natsumi Hirano
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takeda
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Sho Shin
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Satoru Ota
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kenta Anai
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumitsu
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshimatsu
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kono
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Midori Ueno
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Satoru Ide
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yu Murakami
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Aoki
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
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4
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Nishimura G, Handa A, Miyazaki O, Tsujioka Y, Murotsuki J, Sawai H, Yamada T, Kozuma Y, Takahashi Y, Ozawa K, Pooh R, Sase M. Prenatal diagnosis of bone dysplasias. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20221025. [PMID: 37351952 PMCID: PMC10321247 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20221025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone dysplasias are individually rare but collectively common. The prenatal diagnosis of bone dysplasias, especially perinatally lethal dysplasias, is of major interest to obstetric services. The current nosology of genetic skeletal disorders addresses over 400 disorders. However, in clinical practice, we encounter only a limited number of disorders, such as FGFR3-related dysplasias, osteogenesis imperfecta, and type II collagenopathies. The recent development of non-invasive prenatal genetic testing using cell-free fetal DNA in maternal blood samples has had a major impact on the prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases. However, imaging examinations remain critical for the final diagnosis of bone dysplasias because molecular testing only shows genetic variants, and not their pathogenicity - most variants are clinically insignificant. Bone dysplasias are typically suspected when limb shortening is identified by screening ultrasound. Further assessment can be followed by more detailed ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and CT. Based on these data, rational decision-making is feasible, even when the definitive prenatal diagnosis is not feasible. Here, we highlight key images of common bone dysplasias obtained by currently available modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Nishimura
- Japan Forum of Fetal Skeletal Dysplasia, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Handa
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yuko Tsujioka
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Masakatsu Sase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi Prefectural Grand Medical Center, Yamaguchi, Japan
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5
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Bach P, Cassart M, Chami M, Garel C, Panuel M. Exploration of the fetal skeleton by ultra-low-dose computed tomography: guidelines from the Fetal Imaging Task Force of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology. Pediatr Radiol 2023; 53:621-631. [PMID: 36028720 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal anomalies are rare, requiring a systematic ultrasound (US) examination of each skeletal part when there is suspicion of a skeletal dysplasia. Although US examination can provide good evaluation of the fetal bones and cartilage, ultra-low-dose three-dimensional (3-D) multi-detector computed tomography (CT) is a useful complementary tool that can significantly improve prenatal diagnostic accuracy in select cases. Given that ultra-low-dose fetal CT remains an irradiating technique, indications should result from a multidisciplinary consensus, acquisition protocols should be optimized and the reporting standardized. In this paper we discuss guidelines from the Fetal Imaging Task Force of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology for indications, protocols and reporting of ultra-low-dose fetal CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Bach
- Department of Perinatal and Women Imaging, Maternité Régionale et Universitaire de Nancy, 10 rue du Dr Heydenreich, 54042, Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Marie Cassart
- Department of Fetal and Pediatric Imaging, Iris South Hospitals - CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Myriam Chami
- Pediatric Radiology and Women imaging, Cabinet les Elfes and Simone Veil Hospital, Cannes, France
| | - Catherine Garel
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Pediatric Hospital Armand-Trousseau APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Michel Panuel
- Medical Imaging, Hopital Nord, Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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6
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Kobayashi M, Nishihara Y, Haba T, Matsunaga Y, Minami K, Asada Y. SIZE-SPECIFIC DOSE ESTIMATES IN FETAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:339-348. [PMID: 35482288 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During fetal computed tomography (CT) imaging, because of differences in the pregnancy period and scanning conditions, different doses of radiation are absorbed by the fetus. We propose a correction coefficient for determining the fetal size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) from the CT dose index (CTDI) displayed on the console at tube voltages of 80-135 kVp. The CTDIs corresponding to pregnant women and fetuses were evaluated using a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, and the ratio of these CTDIs was defined as the Fetus-factor. When the effective diameter of a fetus was approximately 10 cm, the Fetus-factor was 1.0. The estimated pregnant SSDE was multiplied by the Fetus-factor to estimate the fetal SSDE, which was compared with the fetal dose obtained by the MC simulation of the image of the fetal CT examination. The fetal dose could be estimated with an error of 31.5% in fetal examinations conducted using helical CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yusei Nishihara
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Haba
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yuta Matsunaga
- Department of Imaging, Nagoya Kyoritsu Hospital, Nagoya 454-0933, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Minami
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yasuki Asada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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7
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Kozuma K, Chikamori T, Hashimoto J, Honye J, Ikeda T, Ishiwata S, Kato M, Kondo H, Matsubara K, Matsumoto K, Matsumoto N, Motoyama S, Obunai K, Sakamoto H, Soejima K, Suzuki S, Abe K, Amano H, Hioki H, Iimori T, Kawai H, Kosuge H, Nakama T, Suzuki Y, Takeda K, Ueda A, Yamashita T, Hirao K, Kimura T, Nagai R, Nakamura M, Shimizu W, Tamaki N. JCS 2021 Guideline on Radiation Safety in Cardiology. Circ J 2022; 86:1148-1203. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-21-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kozuma
- Division of Cardiology, Teikyo University Hospital
| | | | - Jun Hashimoto
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Junko Honye
- Department of Cardiology, Kikuna Memorial Hospital
| | - Takanori Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Mamoru Kato
- Department of Radiology, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center
| | | | - Kosuke Matsubara
- Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Kazuma Matsumoto
- Department of Radiological Technology, Hyogo College of Medicine College Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Hajime Sakamoto
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University
| | - Kyoko Soejima
- Department of Cardiology, Kyorin University Hospital
| | - Shigeru Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, Totsuka Kyouritsu Daini Hospital
| | - Koichiro Abe
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | - Hideo Amano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
| | | | | | - Hideki Kawai
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University
| | | | | | | | | | - Akiko Ueda
- Division of Advanced Arrhythmia Management, Kyorin University Hospital
| | | | - Kenzo Hirao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, AOI Universal Hospital
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Nagara Tamaki
- Department of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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8
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Goodall AF, Barrett A, Whitby E, Fry A. T2*-weighted MRI produces viable fetal "Black-Bone" contrast with significant benefits when compared to current sequences. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20200940. [PMID: 33989027 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fetal "black bone" MRI could be useful in the diagnosis of various skeletal conditions during pregnancy without exposure to ionizing radiation. Previously suggested susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is not available in the suggested form on all scanners leading to long imaging times that are susceptible to motion artefacts. We aimed to assess if an optimized T2*-weighted GRE sequence can provide viable "black bone" contrast and compared it to other sequences in the literature. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 17 patients who underwent fetal MRI. Patients were imaged with an optimized T2*-weighted GRE sequence, as well as at least one other "black-bone" sequence. Image quality was scored by four blinded observers on a five-point scale. RESULTS The T2*-weighted GRE sequence offered adequate to excellent image quality in 63% of cases and scored consistently higher than the three other comparison sequences when comparing images from the same patient. Image quality was found to be dependent on gestational age with good image quality achieved on almost all patients after 26 weeks. CONCLUSIONS T2*-weighted GRE imaging can provide adequate fetal "black bone" contrast and performs at least as well as other sequences in the literature due to good bone to soft tissue contrast and minimal motion artefacts. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE T2*-weighted fetal "black-bone" imaging can provide excellent bone to soft tissue contrast without using ionizing radiation. It is as good as other "black bone" sequences and may be simpler and more widely implemented, with less motion artefacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Barrett
- Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.,The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Birkenhead, UK
| | - Elspeth Whitby
- Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew Fry
- Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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9
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Aparisi Gómez MP, Trisolino G, Sangiorgi L, Guglielmi G, Bazzocchi A. Imaging of Congenital Skeletal Disorders. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2021; 25:22-38. [PMID: 34020466 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondrodysplasias are the result of the expression of gene mutations. The phenotypes in osteochondrodysplasias evolve through life, with the possibility that previously unaffected bones may be involved at later stages of growth. Due to the variable time of onset, the diagnosis may be made prenatally, at birth, or later. Certainty in the diagnosis is sometimes only achieved as the patient matures and the disease evolves. Radiographic evaluation is a fundamental part of the diagnostic work-up of congenital skeletal disorders and in most cases the first tool used to arrive at a diagnosis. This review describes the imaging characteristics, specific signs, and evolution of several skeletal dysplasias in which diagnosis may be directly or indirectly suggested by radiologic findings. A definitive accurate diagnosis of a congenital skeletal abnormality is necessary to help provide a prognosis of expected outcomes and to counsel parents and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Aparisi Gómez
- Department of Radiology, National Women's Ultrasound, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Radiology, Hospital Vithas Nueve de Octubre, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giovanni Trisolino
- Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Rare Skeletal Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guglielmi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital San Giovanni Rotondo, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Department of Radiology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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10
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Haase V, Hahn K, Schöndube H, Stierstorfer K, Maier A, Noo F. Impact of the non-negativity constraint in model-based iterative reconstruction from CT data. Med Phys 2020; 46:e835-e854. [PMID: 31811793 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Model-based iterative reconstruction is a promising approach to achieve dose reduction without affecting image quality in diagnostic x-ray computed tomography (CT). In the problem formulation, it is common to enforce non-negative values to accommodate the physical non-negativity of x-ray attenuation. Using this a priori information is believed to be beneficial in terms of image quality and convergence speed. However, enforcing non-negativity imposes limitations on the problem formulation and the choice of optimization algorithm. For these reasons, it is critical to understand the value of the non-negativity constraint. In this work, we present an investigation that sheds light on the impact of this constraint. METHODS We primarily focus our investigation on the examination of properties of the converged solution. To avoid any possibly confounding bias, the reconstructions are all performed using a provably converging algorithm started from a zero volume. To keep the computational cost manageable, an axial CT scanning geometry with narrow collimation is employed. The investigation is divided into five experimental studies that challenge the non-negativity constraint in various ways, including noise, beam hardening, parametric choices, truncation, and photon starvation. These studies are complemented by a sixth one that examines the effect of using ordered subsets to obtain a satisfactory approximate result within 50 iterations. All studies are based on real data, which come from three phantom scans and one clinical patient scan. The reconstructions with and without the non-negativity constraint are compared in terms of image similarity and convergence speed. In select cases, the image similarity evaluation is augmented with quantitative image quality metrics such as the noise power spectrum and closeness to a known ground truth. RESULTS For cases with moderate inconsistencies in the data, associated with noise and bone-induced beam hardening, our results show that the non-negativity constraint offers little benefit. By varying the regularization parameters in one of the studies, we observed that sufficient edge-preserving regularization tends to dilute the value of the constraint. For cases with strong data inconsistencies, the results are mixed: the constraint can be both beneficial and deleterious; in either case, however, the difference between using the constraint or not is small relative to the overall level of error in the image. The results with ordered subsets are encouraging in that they show similar observations. In terms of convergence speed, we only observed one major effect, in the study with data truncation; this effect favored the use of the constraint, but had no impact on our ability to obtain the converged solution without constraint. CONCLUSIONS Our results did not highlight the non-negativity constraint as being strongly beneficial for diagnostic CT imaging. Altogether, we thus conclude that in some imaging scenarios, the non-negativity constraint could be disregarded to simplify the optimization problem or to adopt other forward projection models that require complex optimization machinery to be used together with non-negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Haase
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Siemensstr. 3, 91301, Forchheim, Germany.,Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Hahn
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Siemensstr. 3, 91301, Forchheim, Germany
| | - Harald Schöndube
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Siemensstr. 3, 91301, Forchheim, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frédéric Noo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
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11
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Matsubara Y, Higaki T, Tani C, Kamioka S, Harada K, Aoyama H, Nakamura Y, Akita T, Awai K. Demonstration of Human Fetal Bone Morphology with MR Imaging: A Preliminary Study. Magn Reson Med Sci 2019; 19:310-317. [PMID: 31611543 PMCID: PMC7809137 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2019-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: CT is a useful modality for the evaluation of fetal skeletal dysplasia but radiation exposure is unavoidable. The purpose of this study is to compare the usefulness of MRI and CT for evaluating the fetal skeletal shape. Methods: This study was approved by our Institutional Review Board. Fetal specimens (n = 14) were scanned on a 3T MRI scanner using our newly-developed sequence. It is based on T2*-weighted imaging (TR, 12 ms; TE for opposed-phase imaging, 6.1 ms, for in-phase imaging, 7.3 ms; flip angle, 40°). The specimens were also scanned on a 320 detector-row CT scanner. Four radiologists visually graded and compared the visibility of the bone shape of eight regions on MRI- and CT-scans using a 5-point grading system. Results: The diagnostic ability of MRI with respect to the 5th metacarpals, femur, fibula, and pelvis was superior to CT (all, P < 0.050); there was no significant difference in the evaluation results of observers with respect to the cervical and lumbar spine, and the 5th metatarsal (0.058 ≤ P ≤ 1.000). However, the diagnostic ability of MRI was significantly inferior to CT for the assessment of the bone shape of the thoracic spine (observers A and C: P = 0.002, observers B and D: P = 0.001). Conclusion: The MRI method we developed represents a potential alternative to CT imaging for the evaluation of the fetal bone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Matsubara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Toru Higaki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Chihiro Tani
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hiroshima City Hospital
| | - Shogo Kamioka
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital
| | | | - Hirohiko Aoyama
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima International University
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Kazuo Awai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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12
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Offiah AC, Vockley J, Munns CF, Murotsuki J. Differential diagnosis of perinatal hypophosphatasia: radiologic perspectives. Pediatr Radiol 2019; 49:3-22. [PMID: 30284005 PMCID: PMC6313373 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-018-4239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare, potentially life-threatening, inherited, systemic metabolic bone disease that can be difficult to recognize in utero and postnatally. Diagnosis is challenging because of the large number of skeletal dysplasias with overlapping clinical features. This review focuses on the role of fetal and neonatal imaging modalities in the differential diagnosis of perinatal HPP from other skeletal dysplasias (e.g., osteogenesis imperfecta, campomelic dysplasia, achondrogenesis subtypes, hypochondrogenesis, cleidocranial dysplasia). Perinatal HPP is associated with a broad spectrum of imaging findings that are characteristic of but do not occur in all cases of HPP and are not unique to HPP, such as shortening, bowing and angulation of the long bones, and slender, poorly ossified ribs and metaphyseal lucencies. Conversely, absent ossification of whole bones is characteristic of severe lethal HPP and is associated with very few other conditions. Certain features may help distinguish HPP from other skeletal dysplasias, such as sites of angulation of long bones, patterns of hypomineralization, and metaphyseal characteristics. In utero recognition of HPP allows for the assembly and preparation of a multidisciplinary care team before delivery and provides additional time to devise treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaka C Offiah
- Academic Unit of Child Health, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK.
| | - Jerry Vockley
- School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Craig F Munns
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, University of Sydney NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jun Murotsuki
- Aoba Ward, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
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Zhang X, Chen J, Yu N, Ren Z, Tian Q, Tian X, He T, Guo C. Improving image quality with model-based iterative reconstruction at quarter of nominal dose in upper abdominal CT. Br J Radiol 2018; 92:20180137. [PMID: 30240280 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of a model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) for improving image quality in upper abdominal CT with quarter of the normal dose, in comparison with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR) at normal dose. METHODS 40 upper abdominal patients were randomly divided into two groups: normal-dose group (n = 20) with tube current modulation for noise index (NI) of 10 HU and 40% ASiR reconstruction; low-dose group (n = 20) with NI = 20 HU in the delay phase and MBIR and 40%ASiR. Images in the delay phase were compared. The CT values and standard deviation (SD) values of the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney, erector spine and fat were measured. Contrast-noise-ratio (CNR = (CTtissue-CT fat)/SDfat) of each measured organ were calculated and compared with one-way ANOVA among the three reconstruction groups. The subjective image scores of the three groups were assessed blindly by two experienced physicians using a 5-point system and the score consistency was compared by the κ test. RESULTS Dose reduction of 75 % was achieved for the low-dose scan. The subjective scores (95 % confidence intervals) of the three groups (NI 10-40 % ASiR, NI 20-40% ASiR and NI 20-MBIR) were 4.00 ± 0.79 (3.62-4.37), 3.35 ± 0.58 (3.07-3.62) and 3.90 ± 0.64 (3.60-4.19), respectively with no difference between the NI 10-40% ASiR and NI20-MBIR groups and good consistency between reviewers (κ = 0.726). MBIR had statistically lower SD values and higher contrast-to-noise ratio values in the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney and erector spine than NI 10-40% ASiR and NI 20-40% ASiR (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION At 75 % dose reduction, MBIR provides similar image quality compared to 40% ASiR at normal-dose. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE MBIR provides good image quality at 25 % of the normal dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirong Zhang
- Department of Medical Techniques, Shaanxi University of Chinese medicine, Xianyang, China.,Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Nan Yu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhanli Ren
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Taiping He
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Changyi Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese medicine, Xianyang, China
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Partovi S, Trischman T, Rafailidis V, Ganguli S, Rengier F, Goerne H, Rajiah P, Staub D, Patel IJ, Oliveira G, Ghoshhajra B. Multimodality imaging assessment of endoleaks post-endovascular aortic repair. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20180013. [PMID: 29658769 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoleaks are a common complication of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). As a result, patients require lifelong imaging surveillance following EVAR. In current clinical practice, evaluation for endoleaks is predominantly performed with CT angiography (CTA). Due to the significant cumulative radiation burden associated with repetitive CTA imaging, as well as the repeated administration of nephrotoxic contrast agent, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) have evolved as potential modalities for lifelong surveillance post-EVAR. In this paper, multimodality imaging, including CTA, CEUS and MRA, for the surveillance of endoleaks is discussed. Further, new CTA techniques for radiation reduction are elaborated. Additionally, imagery for three cases of aortic endoleak detection using CTA and five cases using MRA are presented. Imaging for different types of endoleaks with CTA, MRA and CEUS are presented. For lifelong endoleak surveillance post-EVAR, CTA is still regarded as the imaging modality of choice. However, advancements in CEUS and MRA technique enable partial replacement of CTA in certain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Partovi
- 1 Department of Radiology, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Thomas Trischman
- 1 Department of Radiology, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Vasileios Rafailidis
- 2 Department of Radiology, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Suvranu Ganguli
- 3 Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Fabian Rengier
- 4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Harold Goerne
- 5 Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
| | - Prabhakar Rajiah
- 5 Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
| | - Daniel Staub
- 6 Department of Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Indravadan J Patel
- 1 Department of Radiology, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - George Oliveira
- 3 Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Brian Ghoshhajra
- 3 Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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Computed tomography urography with iterative reconstruction algorithm in congenital urinary tract abnormalities in children - association of radiation dose with image quality. Pol J Radiol 2018; 83:e175-e182. [PMID: 30627232 PMCID: PMC6323543 DOI: 10.5114/pjr.2018.75808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the extent to which a radiation dose can be lowered without compromising image quality and diagnostic confidence in congenital urinary tract abnormalities in children by using a CT scanner with an iterative reconstruction algorithm. Material and methods 120 CT urography image series were analysed retrospectively. Image series were divided into four study groups depending on effective radiation dose (group 1: 0.8-2 mSv; group 2: 2-4 mSv; group 3: 4-6 mSv; group 4: 6-11 mSv). Objective and subjective image quality were investigated. In objective analysis, measurements of attenuation and standard deviation (SD) in five regions of interest (ROIs) were performed in 109 excretory image series, and image noise was evaluated. In subjective analysis, two independent radiologists evaluated 138 kidney units for subjective image quality and diagnostic confidence. Results There were no significant differences in image noise in objective evaluation between the following study groups: 2 vs. 3 and 3 vs. 4 in all ROIs (with the only exception in spleen SD measurement between study groups 2 vs. 3), while there was significantly more image noise in group 2 in comparison to group 4. For all other ROIs in all study groups, there was more image noise on lower dose images. There were no significant differences in pairwise comparisons between study groups in subjective image quality. Diagnostic confidence was not significantly different between all study groups. Conclusions Low-dose CT urography can be a valuable method in congenital urinary tract abnormalities in children. Despite poorer image quality, diagnostic confidence is not significantly compromised in examinations performed with lower radiation doses.
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Fetal and placental anatomy visualized with cinematic rendering from volumetric CT data. Radiol Case Rep 2017; 13:281-283. [PMID: 29487668 PMCID: PMC5826733 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Avoiding unnecessary radiation exposure in children, including fetuses or embryos, is of paramount importance. However, emergent clinical situations will arise that necessitate the use of ionizing radiation-based modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), in this patient population. In such circumstances, the use of advanced visualization methods may provide optimum diagnostic utility. We present the case of a pregnant patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome who was evaluated with CT angiography to rule out an acute aortic syndrome. The CT data from the fetus and placenta were reconstructed using the new cinematic rendering technique that allows for photorealistic display. The potential advantages of cinematic rendering relative to traditional volume rendering are discussed.
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