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Shaker N, Iwenofu H, Shaker N, Tynski Z, Sangueza OP, Abid A. Myxoid neurofibroma masquerading as lymphatic-venous malformation and poses a diagnostic challenge on fine needle aspiration biopsy. Diagn Cytopathol 2024; 52:E111-E115. [PMID: 38363063 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxoid neurofibromas (NF) are uncommon, benign spindle cell tumors that originate from peripheral nerve sheaths, often posing a diagnostic challenge due to their hypocellularity on cytology specimens. Distinguishing myxoid spindle cell lesions can be challenging, given the broad range of potential differential diagnoses. CASE PRESENTATION A 26-year-old female with a past medical history of embolized inguinal, flank, and retroperitoneal venolymphatic malformation presented with a left pelvic pain causing significant disability. CT scan showed an extensive 8.7 cm × 6.6 cm retroperitoneal mass. FNA was performed and alcohol-fixed papanicolaou-stained smears showed a hypocellular specimen with loosely arranged clusters of bland spindle cell proliferation in the background of a mucoid matrix. Spindle cells showed scant cytoplasm and elongated oval-shaped regular nuclei. Prominent nucleoli were not seen. An excisional biopsy revealed a bland spindle cell proliferation in a myxoid background associated with shredded collagen bundles. Immunohistochemical staining showed diffuse positivity for S100 and CD34. Based on the overall findings, a definitive diagnosis of myxoid neurofibroma was rendered. DISCUSSION Cytological features of myxoid neurofibroma include the presence of hypocellular spindle-shaped cells arranged in small, loosely organized groups within a myxoid matrix background. Cells exhibit scant cytoplasm with regular oval and elongated nuclei. Nucleoli are typically not identified. The differential diagnosis includes myxoid neurofibroma, myxoma, myxoid liposarcoma, myxoid chondrosarcoma, myxoid dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, and low-grade myxo-fibrosarcoma. CONCLUSION We aim to highlight the importance of considering myxoid neurofibroma in the differential diagnosis of hypocellular myxoid spindle cell lesions encountered on fine-needle aspiration cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Shaker
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center/James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hans Iwenofu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center/James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nuha Shaker
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zofia Tynski
- Hackensack Meridian Health, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, New Jersey, USA
| | - Omar P Sangueza
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abdul Abid
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Bracci B, De Santis D, Del Gaudio A, Faugno MC, Romano A, Tarallo M, Zerunian M, Guido G, Polici M, Polidori T, Pucciarelli F, Matarazzo I, Laghi A, Caruso D. Adrenal Lesions: A Review of Imaging. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092171. [PMID: 36140572 PMCID: PMC9498052 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal lesions are frequently incidentally diagnosed during investigations for other clinical conditions. Despite being usually benign, nonfunctioning, and silent, they can occasionally cause discomfort or be responsible for various clinical conditions due to hormonal dysregulation; therefore, their characterization is of paramount importance for establishing the best therapeutic strategy. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and PET-TC, providing anatomical and functional information, play a central role in the diagnostic workup, allowing clinicians and surgeons to choose the optimal lesion management. This review aims at providing an overview of the most encountered adrenal lesions, both benign and malignant, including describing their imaging characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bracci
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza—University of Rome, Radiology Unit—Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico De Santis
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza—University of Rome, Radiology Unit—Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Del Gaudio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza—University of Rome, Radiology Unit—Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Faugno
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza—University of Rome, Radiology Unit—Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Allegra Romano
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza—University of Rome, Radiology Unit—Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarita Tarallo
- Department of Surgery “Pietro Valdoni”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Zerunian
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza—University of Rome, Radiology Unit—Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Gisella Guido
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza—University of Rome, Radiology Unit—Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Polici
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza—University of Rome, Radiology Unit—Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziano Polidori
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza—University of Rome, Radiology Unit—Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pucciarelli
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza—University of Rome, Radiology Unit—Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Iolanda Matarazzo
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza—University of Rome, Radiology Unit—Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Laghi
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza—University of Rome, Radiology Unit—Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Caruso
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza—University of Rome, Radiology Unit—Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Sang NV, Ninh TP, Thanh DT, Thinh NC. A case report of mesenteric involvement in neurofibromatosis type 1. J Clin Imaging Sci 2022; 12:43. [PMID: 36128353 PMCID: PMC9479501 DOI: 10.25259/jcis_49_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF-1) gene, which is located on chromosome 17q11.2, are the cause of NF-1, an autosomal dominant hereditary condition in which tumors of the nerve system develop. Neurological, skeletal, and cutaneous abnormalities are symptoms of the condition. Of all gastrointestinal tract lesions, mesentery lesions are the least common. There are many gastrointestinal problems that can accompany mesenteric neurofibromas, or they may not. We describe a case of a 5-year-old kid with mesenteric neurofibromatosis, which results in bowel obstruction and abdominal discomfort. On a CT scan, the mesenteric vasculature was completely encircled by homogenous soft tissue lesions without any vessel wall invasion. Diffuse mesentery lesions were discovered during surgery, although they could not be fully removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Sang
- Department of Radiology, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam,
| | - Tran Phan Ninh
- Department of Radiology, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Ha Noi, Vietnam,
| | | | - Nguyen Cuong Thinh
- Department of Gastroenterology, 108 Military Central Hospital, Ha Noi, Vietnam,
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Wang MX, Dillman JR, Guccione J, Habiba A, Maher M, Kamel S, Panse PM, Jensen CT, Elsayes KM. Neurofibromatosis from Head to Toe: What the Radiologist Needs to Know. Radiographics 2022; 42:1123-1144. [PMID: 35749292 DOI: 10.1148/rg.210235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) are autosomal dominant inherited neurocutaneous disorders or phakomatoses secondary to mutations in the NF1 and NF2 tumor suppressor genes, respectively. Although they share a common name, NF1 and NF2 are distinct disorders with a wide range of multisystem manifestations that include benign and malignant tumors. Imaging plays an essential role in diagnosis, surveillance, and management of individuals with NF1 and NF2. Therefore, it is crucial for radiologists to be familiar with the imaging features of NF1 and NF2 to allow prompt diagnosis and appropriate management. Key manifestations of NF1 include café-au-lait macules, axillary or inguinal freckling, neurofibromas or plexiform neurofibromas, optic pathway gliomas, Lisch nodules, and osseous lesions such as sphenoid dysplasia, all of which are considered diagnostic features of NF1. Other manifestations include focal areas of signal intensity in the brain, low-grade gliomas, interstitial lung disease, various abdominopelvic neoplasms, scoliosis, and vascular dysplasia. The various NF1-associated abdominopelvic neoplasms can be categorized by their cellular origin: neurogenic neoplasms, interstitial cells of Cajal neoplasms, neuroendocrine neoplasms, and embryonal neoplasms. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and intracranial tumors are the leading contributors to mortality in NF1. Classic manifestations of NF2 include schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas. However, NF2 may have shared cutaneous manifestations with NF1. Lifelong multidisciplinary management is critical for patients with either disease. The authors highlight the genetics and molecular pathogenesis, clinical and pathologic features, imaging manifestations, and multidisciplinary management and surveillance of NF1 and NF2. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy X Wang
- From the Department of Radiology (M.X.W., C.T.J., K.M.E.) and Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.K.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030-4009; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (J.G.); Department of Radiology (A.H.) and Faculty of Medicine (M.M.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix/Scottsdale, Ariz (P.M.P.)
| | - Jonathan R Dillman
- From the Department of Radiology (M.X.W., C.T.J., K.M.E.) and Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.K.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030-4009; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (J.G.); Department of Radiology (A.H.) and Faculty of Medicine (M.M.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix/Scottsdale, Ariz (P.M.P.)
| | - Jeffrey Guccione
- From the Department of Radiology (M.X.W., C.T.J., K.M.E.) and Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.K.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030-4009; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (J.G.); Department of Radiology (A.H.) and Faculty of Medicine (M.M.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix/Scottsdale, Ariz (P.M.P.)
| | - Ahmed Habiba
- From the Department of Radiology (M.X.W., C.T.J., K.M.E.) and Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.K.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030-4009; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (J.G.); Department of Radiology (A.H.) and Faculty of Medicine (M.M.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix/Scottsdale, Ariz (P.M.P.)
| | - Marwa Maher
- From the Department of Radiology (M.X.W., C.T.J., K.M.E.) and Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.K.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030-4009; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (J.G.); Department of Radiology (A.H.) and Faculty of Medicine (M.M.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix/Scottsdale, Ariz (P.M.P.)
| | - Serageldin Kamel
- From the Department of Radiology (M.X.W., C.T.J., K.M.E.) and Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.K.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030-4009; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (J.G.); Department of Radiology (A.H.) and Faculty of Medicine (M.M.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix/Scottsdale, Ariz (P.M.P.)
| | - Prasad M Panse
- From the Department of Radiology (M.X.W., C.T.J., K.M.E.) and Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.K.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030-4009; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (J.G.); Department of Radiology (A.H.) and Faculty of Medicine (M.M.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix/Scottsdale, Ariz (P.M.P.)
| | - Corey T Jensen
- From the Department of Radiology (M.X.W., C.T.J., K.M.E.) and Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.K.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030-4009; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (J.G.); Department of Radiology (A.H.) and Faculty of Medicine (M.M.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix/Scottsdale, Ariz (P.M.P.)
| | - Khaled M Elsayes
- From the Department of Radiology (M.X.W., C.T.J., K.M.E.) and Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma (S.K.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030-4009; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (J.G.); Department of Radiology (A.H.) and Faculty of Medicine (M.M.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix/Scottsdale, Ariz (P.M.P.)
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5
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Radiologic screening and surveillance in hereditary cancers. Eur J Radiol Open 2022; 9:100422. [PMID: 35874798 PMCID: PMC9301608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer syndromes comprise an important subset of cancers caused by pathogenic germline mutations that can affect various organ systems. Radiologic screening and surveillance for solid tumors has emerged as a critical component of patient management in permitting early cancer detection. Although imaging surveillance may be tailored for organ-specific cancer risks, surveillance protocols frequently utilize whole-body MRI or PET/CT because of their ability to identify neoplasms in different anatomic regions in a single exam. In this review, we discuss the basic tenets of imaging screening and surveillance strategies in these syndromes, highlighting the more common neoplasms and their associated multimodality imaging findings. Pathogenic germline mutations in hereditary cancers cause early-onset distinctive tumors in an organ-specific pattern. Geneticist, oncologist, and radiologist coordination facilitates syndrome-appropriate screening and surveillance strategies. WB-MRI is a promising comprehensive non-ionizing screening/surveillance modality but with sparse prospective survival data.
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Zulfiqar M, Shetty A, Yano M, McGettigan M, Itani M, Naeem M, Ratts VS, Siegel CL. Imaging of the Vagina: Spectrum of Disease with Emphasis on MRI Appearance. Radiographics 2021; 41:1549-1568. [PMID: 34297630 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021210018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The vagina is a median fibromuscular structure of the female reproductive system that extends from the vulva inferiorly to the uterine cervix superiorly. As most vaginal lesions are detected at gynecologic examination, imaging performed for nongynecologic indications can frequently cause concomitant vaginal pathologic conditions to be overlooked. The vagina is often underevaluated at routinely performed pelvic transvaginal US because of a narrow scan area and probe positioning. MRI has progressively become the imaging method of choice for vaginal pathologic conditions, as it provides excellent soft-tissue detail with unparalleled delineation of the complex pelvic floor anatomy and helps establish a diagnosis for most vaginal diseases. It is important that radiologists use a focused approach toward understanding and correctly recognizing different vaginal entities that may otherwise go unnoticed. In this case-based review, the authors discuss the key imaging features of wide-ranging vaginal pathologic conditions, with emphasis on appearance at MRI. Knowledge of vaginal anatomy and embryology is helpful in evaluating congenital anomalies at imaging. Often seen incidentally, vaginal inflammation can cause diagnostic confusion. Because of its central location in the pelvis, the vagina can form fistulas to the urinary bladder, colon, rectum, or anus. Vaginal masses can be neoplastic and nonneoplastic and include a myriad of benign and malignant conditions, some of which have characteristic imaging features. Therapeutic and nontherapeutic vaginal foreign bodies include pessaries, vaginal mesh, and packing that can be seen with or without associated complications. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zulfiqar
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (M.Z., A.S., M.I., M.N., C.L.S.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (V.S.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (M.Y.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.M.); and Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla (M.M.)
| | - Anup Shetty
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (M.Z., A.S., M.I., M.N., C.L.S.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (V.S.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (M.Y.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.M.); and Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla (M.M.)
| | - Motoyo Yano
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (M.Z., A.S., M.I., M.N., C.L.S.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (V.S.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (M.Y.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.M.); and Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla (M.M.)
| | - Melissa McGettigan
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (M.Z., A.S., M.I., M.N., C.L.S.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (V.S.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (M.Y.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.M.); and Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla (M.M.)
| | - Malak Itani
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (M.Z., A.S., M.I., M.N., C.L.S.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (V.S.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (M.Y.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.M.); and Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla (M.M.)
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (M.Z., A.S., M.I., M.N., C.L.S.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (V.S.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (M.Y.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.M.); and Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla (M.M.)
| | - Valerie S Ratts
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (M.Z., A.S., M.I., M.N., C.L.S.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (V.S.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (M.Y.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.M.); and Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla (M.M.)
| | - Cary Lynn Siegel
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (M.Z., A.S., M.I., M.N., C.L.S.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (V.S.R.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (M.Y.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.M.); and Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla (M.M.)
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7
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Glutig K, Pfeil A, Renz DM. [Imaging of tumor predisposition syndromes]. Radiologe 2021; 61:658-666. [PMID: 34170362 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-021-00861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL ISSUE Tumor predisposition syndromes (TPS) are a heterogeneous group of genetic cancers. About 10% of the approximately 2200 malignancies in the childhood in Germany develop due to an inherited disposition, whereby TPS may be underdiagnosed. The focus of this review is set on imaging of Li-Fraumeni syndrome, neurofibromatoses, tuberous sclerosis, overgrowth, and neuroendocrine syndromes. STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS In order to detect tumors at an early stage, screening at specific time intervals for each TPS are required. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially whole-body MRI, are particularly important imaging modalities. METHODOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS Innovative MRI techniques can increase image quality and patient comfort. MRI acquisition time can be significantly reduced through optimized acceleration factors, motion robust radial sequences and joint acquisition and readout of multiple slices during excitation. Thus, shorter MRI examinations can be performed in younger children without anesthesia. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATION Regular screening with ultrasound and MRI can reduce the morbidity and mortality of the patients affected with TPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Glutig
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Sektion Kinderradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, 07740, Jena, Deutschland.
| | - A Pfeil
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Jena, 07740, Jena, Deutschland
| | - D M Renz
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Arbeitsbereich Kinderradiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
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Lui K, Wilson MP, Low G. Abdominal imaging findings in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a scoping review. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:1249-1255. [PMID: 32926211 PMCID: PMC7488219 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This scoping review evaluated the currently available data related to abdominal imaging in the SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHOD A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science was performed from inception to July 15, 2020 using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The review included case reports and series discussing radiologic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in abdominal imaging studies. Studies published from inception to March 31, 2020, were independently screened and reviewed by one author, and another author reviewed studies published after March 31 to July 15, 2020. Study screening and full-text review for publications before March 31, 2020, was performed by one author, and another author for publications after March 31 to July 15, 2020. RESULTS Thirty-six studies were included in qualitative synthesis. The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms is roughly 18% and includes loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Sixteen percent of COVID-19 cases may only present with gastrointestinal symptoms. Many patients presenting this way demonstrate evidence of COVID-19 incidentally through abdominal CT imaging at the lung bases. Studies published to date have also reported abdominal imaging findings including small and large bowel wall thickening, fluid-filled colon, pneumatosis intestinalis, pneumoperitoneum, intussusception, and ascites. CONCLUSION Gastrointestinal manifestations and imaging manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are increasingly reported and warrant specific attention during abdominal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lui
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 2B2.41 WMC, 8440-112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada
| | - Mitchell P. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 2B2.41 WMC, 8440-112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada
| | - Gavin Low
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 2B2.41 WMC, 8440-112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada
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