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Zhu Y. Usage and Health Outcomes of Home Hemodialysis vs Center Hemodialysis in Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups in the United States a Quantitative Research in 2016-2019 USRDS Using Aday-Anderson Framework and Multiple Regression Models. Patient Relat Outcome Meas 2024; 15:1-16. [PMID: 38222923 PMCID: PMC10787550 DOI: 10.2147/prom.s416279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Home hemodialysis (HHD) offers patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) greater flexibility and advantages of health outcomes over center hemodialysis (CHD). This study aims to investigate the differences between home and center hemodialysis with a focus on racial/ethnic minorities. Methods The US Renal Disease System (USRDS) 2019 patient core data containing mortality and hospitalization which are cumulative since 2010 were merged with 2016-2019 Medicare clinical claims. To assess demographic and medical factors adjusted utilization and mortality of HHD vs CHD within every racial/ethnic cohort, logistic regression was used, and negative binomial regression was conducted to analyze the number of hospitalizations. Results Evaluating 548,453 (97.48%) CHD patients and 14,202 (2.52%) HHD patients with Whites 47%, Blacks 32%, Hispanics 15%, Asians 4%, and other minorities 2%, the outcomes from adjusted regressions showed that: 1) minorities were significantly less likely to use HHD than Whites (Blacks: OR, 0.568, 95% CI, 0.546-0.592; Hispanics: OR, 0.510, 95% CI, 0.477-0.544; Asians: OR, 0.689, 95% CI, 0.619-0.766; Others: OR, 0.453, 95% CI, 0.390-0.525; p < 0.001); 2) most minority patients were younger and had fewer comorbidities than Whites, and all minority groups displayed significantly lower mortality and hospitalization incidences than the White group with adjustment on multiple covariates; 3) in the overall and main racial/ethnic cohorts, HHD showed a significantly lower risk of death than CHD after confounding for major risk factors (overall cohort: OR, 0.686, 95% CI, 0.641-0.734; White: OR, 0.670, 95% CI, 0.612-0.734; Blacks: OR, 0.717, 95% CI, 0.644-0.799; Hispanics: OR, 0.715, 95% CI, 0.575-0.889; Others: OR, 0.473, 95% CI, 0.265-0.844). Conclusion There are substantial racial/ethnic variations in home hemodialysis use and health outcomes in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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2
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Rizzolo K, Cervantes L, Wilhalme H, Vasilyev A, Shen JI. Differences in Outcomes by Place of Origin among Hispanic Patients with Kidney Failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:2013-2023. [PMID: 37755821 PMCID: PMC10703086 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hispanic patients are known to have a higher risk of kidney failure and lower rates of home dialysis use and kidney transplantation than non-Hispanic White patients. However, it is unknown whether these outcomes differ within the Hispanic community, which is heterogeneous in its members' places of origins. Using United States Renal Data System data, the authors found similar adjusted rates of home dialysis use for patients originating from places outside the United States and US-born Hispanic patients, whereas the adjusted risk of mortality and likelihood of transplantation differed depending on place (country or territory) of origin. Understanding the heterogeneity in kidney disease outcomes and treatment within the Hispanic community is crucial in designing interventions and implementation strategies to ensure that Hispanic individuals with kidney failure have equitable access to care. BACKGROUND Compared with non-Hispanic White groups, Hispanic individuals have a higher risk of kidney failure yet lower rates of living donor transplantation and home dialysis. However, how home dialysis, mortality, and transplantation vary within the Hispanic community depending on patients' place of origin is unclear. METHODS We identified adult Hispanic patients from the United States Renal Data System who initiated dialysis in 2009-2017. Primary exposure was country or territory of origin (the United States, Mexico, US-Puerto Rico, and other countries). We used logistic regression to estimate differences in odds of initiating home dialysis and competing risk models to estimate subdistribution hazard ratios (SHR) of mortality and kidney transplantation. RESULTS Of 137,039 patients, 44.4% were US-born, 30.9% were from Mexico, 12.9% were from US-Puerto Rico, and 11.8% were from other countries. Home dialysis rates were higher among US-born patients, but not significantly different after adjusting for demographic, medical, socioeconomic, and facility-level factors. Adjusted mortality risk was higher for individuals from US-Puerto Rico (SHR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.08) and lower for Mexico (SHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.81) and other countries (SHR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.86) compared with US-born patients. The adjusted rate of transplantation for Mexican or US-Puerto Rican patients was similar to that of US-born patients but higher for those from other countries (SHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.30). CONCLUSIONS Hispanic people from different places of origin have similar adjusted rates of home dialysis but different adjusted rates of mortality and kidney transplantation. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these observed differences in outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Rizzolo
- Section of Nephrology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lilia Cervantes
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Holly Wilhalme
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arseniy Vasilyev
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jenny I. Shen
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, California
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
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Farhadi F, Ansari S, Jara-Moroni F. Optimization models for patient and technician scheduling in hemodialysis centers. Health Care Manag Sci 2023; 26:558-582. [PMID: 37395914 DOI: 10.1007/s10729-023-09642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Patient and technician scheduling problem in hemodialysis centers presents a unique setting in healthcare operations as (1) unlike other healthcare problems, dialysis appointments have a steady state and the treatment times are determined in advance of the appointments, and (2) once the appointments are set, technicians will have to be assigned to two types of jobs per appointment: putting on and taking off patients (connecting to and disconnecting from dialysis machines). In this study, we design a mixed-integer programming model to minimize technicians' operating costs (regular and overtime costs) at large-scale hemodialysis centers. As this formulation proves to be computationally challenging to solve, we propose a novel reformulation of the problem as a discrete-time assignment model and prove that the two formulations are equivalent under a specific condition. We then simulate instances based on the data from our collaborating hemodialysis center to evaluate the performance of our proposed formulations. We compare our results to the current scheduling policy at the center. In our numerical analysis, we reduced the technician operating costs by 17% on average (up to 49%) compared to the current practice. We further conduct a post-optimality analysis and develop a predictive model that can estimate the number of required technicians based on the center's attributes and patients' input variables. Our predictive model reveals that the optimal number of technicians is strongly related to the time flexibility of patients and their dialysis times. Our findings can help clinic managers at hemodialysis centers to accurately estimate the technician requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Farhadi
- Mario J. Gabelli School of Business, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, 02809, USA
| | - Sina Ansari
- Driehaus College of Business, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, 60604, USA.
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4
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Tran E, Karadjian O, Chan CT, Trinh E. Home hemodialysis technique survival: insights and challenges. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:205. [PMID: 37434110 PMCID: PMC10337160 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Home hemodialysis (HHD) offers several clinical, quality of life and cost-saving benefits for patients with end-stage kidney disease. While uptake of this modality has increased in recent years, its prevalence remains low and high rates of discontinuation remain a challenge. This comprehensive narrative review aims to better understand what is currently known about technique survival in HHD patients, elucidate the clinical factors that contribute to attrition and expand on possible strategies to prevent discontinuation. With increasing efforts to encourage home modalities, it is imperative to better understand technique survival and find strategies to help maintain patients on the home therapy of their choosing. It is crucial to better target high-risk patients, examine ideal training practices and identify practices that are potentially modifiable to improve technique survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Tran
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliver Karadjian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, 1650 Av Cedar, L4-510, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | | | - Emilie Trinh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, 1650 Av Cedar, L4-510, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.
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Wilk AS, Drewry KM, Zhang R, Pastan SO, Thorsness R, Trivedi AN, Patzer RE. Treatment Patterns and Characteristics of Dialysis Facilities Randomly Assigned to the Medicare End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices Model. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2225516. [PMID: 35930284 PMCID: PMC9356315 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.25516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In 2021, Medicare launched the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices (ETC) model, which randomly assigned approximately 30% of dialysis facilities to new financial incentives to increase use of transplantation and home dialysis; these financial bonuses and penalties are calculated by comparing living-donor transplantation, transplant wait-listing, and home dialysis use in ETC-assigned facilities vs benchmarks from non-ETC-assigned (ie, control) facilities. Because model participation is randomly assigned, evaluators may attribute any downstream differences in outcomes to facility performance rather than any imbalance in baseline characteristics. OBJECTIVE To identify preintervention imbalances in dialysis facility characteristics that should be recognized in any ETC model evaluations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study compared ETC-assigned and control dialysis facility characteristics in the United States from 2017 to 2018. A total of 6062 facilities were included. Data were analyzed from February 2021 to May 2022. EXPOSURES Assignment to the ETC model. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Dialysis facilities' preintervention transplantations and home dialysis use, facility characteristics (notably, profit and chain status), patient demographic characteristics, and community socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS Among 316 927 patients, with 6 178 855 attributed patient-months, the mean (SD) age in January 2017 was 59 (11) years, and 132 462 (42%) were female. Patients in ETC-assigned facilities had 9% (0.2 [95% CI, 0.1-0.2] percentage points) lower prevalence of living donor transplantation, 12% (3.2 [95% CI, 3.0-3.3] percentage points) lower prevalence of transplantation wait-listing, and 4% (0.4 [95% CI, 0.3-0.4] percentage points) lower prevalence of peritoneal dialysis use compared with control facilities. ETC-assigned facilities were 14% (5.1 [95% CI, 0.9-9.4] percentage points) more likely than control facilities to be owned by the second largest dialysis organization. Relative to control facilities, ETC-assigned facilities also treated 34% (6.6 [95% CI, 6.5-6.7] percentage point) fewer patients with Hispanic ethnicity and were located in communities with median household incomes that were 4% ($2500; 95% CI, $500-$4500) lower on average. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, dialysis facilities in ETC-assigned regions had lower preintervention prevalence of transplantation wait-listing, living donor transplantation, and peritoneal dialysis use, relative to control facilities. ETC-assigned and control facilities also differed with respect to other facility, patient, and community characteristics. Evaluators should account for these preintervention imbalances to minimize bias in their inferences about the model's association with postintervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Wilk
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelsey M. Drewry
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rebecca Zhang
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephen O. Pastan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rebecca Thorsness
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Amal N. Trivedi
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rachel E. Patzer
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, Georgia
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Scofano R, Monteiro A, Motta L. Evaluation of the experience with the use of telemedicine in a home dialysis program-a qualitative and quantitative study. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:190. [PMID: 35590287 PMCID: PMC9117587 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Assisted home hemodialysis is a therapeutic modality for patients diagnosed with end-stage renal disease who require dialysis replacement therapy and have concomitant health limitations that prevent them from attending a satellite dialysis unit or performing their own treatment. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether telemedicine provided through telemonitoring can improve the ongoing relationship between the doctor, the nurse and the patient. METHOD This prospective longitudinal, qualitative and quantitative study analyzes the impact of telemedicine through an evaluation of the experiences of patients and nurses. During the study, we performed remote weekly monitoring for 6 months. RESULTS A total of 17 patients and 12 nurses were included. We observed that the patients and nurses had positive experiences with telemonitoring and highlighted feelings of being cared for and improved confidence, although they indicated that telemonitoring does not replace face-to-face visits. CONCLUSION Telemonitoring is a useful tool to increase satisfaction with and confidence in home hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Scofano
- Telessaúde UERJ, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Avenida Vinte Oito de setembro 77, 3° andar, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Vila Isabel CEP, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Monteiro
- Telessaúde UERJ, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Avenida Vinte Oito de setembro 77, 3° andar, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Vila Isabel CEP, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Luciana Motta
- Telessaúde UERJ, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Avenida Vinte Oito de setembro 77, 3° andar, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Vila Isabel CEP, 20551-030, Brazil
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7
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Rizzolo K, Cervantes L, Shen J. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Home Dialysis Use in the United States: Barriers and Solutions. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1258-1261. [PMID: 35440500 PMCID: PMC9257804 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Rizzolo
- K Rizzolo, Department of Renal Medicine and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Denver, United States
| | - Lilia Cervantes
- L Cervantes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Jenny Shen
- J Shen, The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, United States
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8
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Couchoud C, Béchade C, Kolko A, Baudoin AC, Bayer F, Rabilloud M, Ecochard R, Lobbedez T. Dialysis-network variability in home dialysis use not explained by patient characteristics: a national registry-based cohort study in France. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:1962-1973. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although associated with better quality of life and potential economic advantages, home dialysis use varies greatly internationally and appears to be underused in many countries. This study aimed to estimate the dialysis-network variability in home dialysis use and identify factors associated with 1) the uptake in home dialysis, 2) the proportion of time spent on home dialysis and 3) home dialysis survival (patient and technique).
Methods
All adults ≥ 18 years old who had dialysis treatment during 2017-2019 in mainland France were included. Mixed-effects regression models were built to explore factors including patient or residence characteristics and dialysis network associated with variation in home dialysis use.
Results
During 2017-2019, 7 728/78 757 (9.8%) patients underwent dialysis at least once at home for a total of 120 594/ 1 508 000 (8%) months. The heterogeneity at the dialysis-network level and to a lesser extent the regional level regarding home dialysis uptake or total time spent was marginally explained by patient characteristics or residence and dialysis-network factors. Between-network heterogeneity was less for patient and technique survival. These results were similar when the analysis was restricted to home peritoneal dialysis or home hemodialysis.
Conclusions
Variability between networks in the use of home dialysis was not fully explained by non-modifiable patient and residence characteristics. Our results suggest that to increase home dialysis use in France, one should focus on home dialysis uptake rather than survival. Financial incentives and a quality improvement program should be implemented at the dialysis-network level to increase home dialysis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Couchoud
- REIN registry, Agence de la biomédecine, Saint-Denis La Plaine, France
- Université Lyon I, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique Santé, Villeurbanne France
| | | | - Anne Kolko
- Association pour l'Utilisation du Rein Artificiel en région Parisienne (AURA) Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Florian Bayer
- Direction Prélèvement Greffe Organes-Tissus, Agence de la biomédecine, Saint-Denis La Plaine, France
| | - Muriel Rabilloud
- Université Lyon I, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique Santé, Villeurbanne France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France
| | - René Ecochard
- Université Lyon I, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique Santé, Villeurbanne France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France
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9
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OUP accepted manuscript. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:1393-1395. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Bonenkamp AA, Hoekstra T, Hemmelder MH, van Eck van der Sluijs A, Abrahams AC, van Ittersum FJ, van Jaarsveld BC. Trends in home dialysis use differ among age categories in past two decades: A Dutch registry study. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13656. [PMID: 34293185 PMCID: PMC9286376 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the number of patients with end-stage kidney disease is growing, the number of patients who perform dialysis at home has decreased during the past two decades. The aim of this study was to explore time trends in the use of home dialysis in the Netherlands. METHODS Dialysis episodes of patients who started dialysis treatment were studied using Dutch registry data (RENINE). The uptake of home dialysis between 1997 through 2016 was evaluated in time periods of 5 years. Home dialysis was defined as start with peritoneal dialysis or home haemodialysis, or transfer to either within 2 years of dialysis initiation. All analyses were stratified for age categories. Mixed model logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for clustering at patient level. RESULTS A total of 33 340 dialysis episodes in 31 569 patients were evaluated. Mean age at dialysis initiation increased from 62.5 ± 14.0 to 65.5 ± 14.5 years in in-centre haemodialysis patients, whereas it increased from 51.9 ± 15.1 to 62.5 ± 14.6 years in home dialysis patients. In patients <65 years, the uptake of home dialysis was significantly lower during each 5-year period compared with the previous period, whereas kidney transplantation occurred more often. In patients ≥65 years, the incidence of home dialysis remained constant, whereas mortality decreased. CONCLUSIONS In patients <65 years, the overall use of home dialysis declined consistently over the past 20 years. The age of home dialysis patients increased more rapidly than that of in-centre dialysis patients. These developments have a significant impact on the organization of home dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Bonenkamp
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Research institute Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tiny Hoekstra
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Research institute Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Dutch Renal Registry (RENINE), Nefrovisie Foundation, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc H Hemmelder
- Dutch Renal Registry (RENINE), Nefrovisie Foundation, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology, Medical University Centre Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alferso C Abrahams
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans J van Ittersum
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Research institute Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brigit C van Jaarsveld
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Research institute Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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van Eck van der Sluijs A, Vonk S, van Jaarsveld BC, Bonenkamp AA, Abrahams AC. Good practices for dialysis education, treatment, and eHealth: A scoping review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255734. [PMID: 34379654 PMCID: PMC8357118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recommendations regarding dialysis education and treatment are provided in various (inter)national guidelines, which should ensure that these are applied uniformly in nephrology and dialysis centers. However, there is much practice variation which could be explained by good practices: practices developed by local health care professionals, which are not evidence-based. Because an overview of good practices is lacking, we performed a scoping review to identify and summarize the available good practices for dialysis education, treatment, and eHealth. METHODS Embase, Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL databases and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles using all synonyms for the words 'kidney failure', 'dialysis', and 'good practice'. Relevant articles were structured according to the categories dialysis education, dialysis treatment or eHealth, and assessed for content and results. RESULTS Nineteen articles (12 for dialysis education, 3 for dialysis treatment, 4 for eHealth) are identified. The good practices for education endorse the importance of providing complete and objective predialysis education, assisting peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients in adequately performing PD, educating hemodialysis (HD) patients on self-management, and talking with dialysis patients about their prognosis. The good practices for dialysis treatment focus mainly on dialysis access devices and general quality improvement of dialysis care. Finally, eHealth is useful for HD and PD and affects both quality of care and health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION Our scoping review identifies 19 articles describing good practices and their results for dialysis education, dialysis treatment, and eHealth. These good practices could be valuable in addition to guidelines for increasing shared-decision making in predialysis education, using patients' contribution in the implementation of their dialysis treatment, and advanced care planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanne Vonk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brigit C. van Jaarsveld
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Diapriva Dialysis Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna A. Bonenkamp
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alferso C. Abrahams
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Mendu ML, Divino-Filho JC, Vanholder R, Mitra S, Davies SJ, Jha V, Damron KC, Gallego D, Seger M. Expanding Utilization of Home Dialysis: An Action Agenda From the First International Home Dialysis Roundtable. Kidney Med 2021; 3:635-643. [PMID: 34401729 PMCID: PMC8350829 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In a groundbreaking meeting, leading global kidney disease organizations came together in the fall of 2020 as an International Home Dialysis Roundtable (IHDR) to address strategies to increase access to and uptake of home dialysis, both peritoneal dialysis and home hemodialysis. This challenge has become urgent in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, during which patients with advanced kidney disease, who are more susceptible to viral infections and severe complications, must be able to safely physically distance at home. To boost access to home dialysis on a global scale, IHDR members committed to collaborate, through the COVID-19 public health emergency and beyond, to promote uptake of home dialysis on a broad scale. Their commitments included increasing the reach and influence of key stakeholders with policy makers, building a cooperative of advocates and champions for home dialysis, working together to increase patient engagement and empowerment, and sharing intelligence about policy, education, and other programs so that such efforts can be operationalized globally. In the spirit of international cooperation, IHDR members agreed to document, amplify, and replicate established efforts shown to improve access to home dialysis and support new policies that facilitate access through procedures, innovation, and reimbursement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika L. Mendu
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of the Chief Medical Officer, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - José Carolino Divino-Filho
- Division of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
- Latin America Chapter (LAC-DD)-International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent
- European Kidney Health Alliance (EKHA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandip Mitra
- Department of Renal Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester
- National Institute of Health Research MedTech and In-vitro Diagnostics Co-operative, Devices for Dignity, Sheffield
| | - Simon J. Davies
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), New Delhi, India
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | | | | | - International Home Dialysis Roundtable Steering Committee
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of the Chief Medical Officer, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
- Latin America Chapter (LAC-DD)-International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent
- European Kidney Health Alliance (EKHA), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Renal Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester
- National Institute of Health Research MedTech and In-vitro Diagnostics Co-operative, Devices for Dignity, Sheffield
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), New Delhi, India
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- National Kidney Foundation, New York, NY
- European Kidney Patients Federation, Vienna, Austria
- Venn Strategies, Washington, DC
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Assessing the Delivery of Coordinated Care to Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Ontario, Canada: A Survey of Patients and Healthcare Professionals. Int J Integr Care 2021; 21:30. [PMID: 34220394 PMCID: PMC8231462 DOI: 10.5334/ijic.5587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) have complex health needs, and thus require care that is coordinated across professionals and organizations. This study aimed to describe the extent of coordinated care delivery for patients with advanced CKD from the perspectives of both patients and healthcare professionals. Methods: The Coordination Scale of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC-26) survey was administered to a random sample of 14,257 patients on maintenance dialysis or receiving care in end-stage kidney disease preparation clinics in Ontario, Canada. A five-item survey was administered to 596 multidisciplinary nephrology professionals. Results: Among the 1,925 patient respondents, 67% reported they had been referred to an allied health professional; 19% had been encouraged to attend programs in the community; and 34% had been told how their visits with other types of doctors helped their treatment (% reporting “always” or “most of the time”). Patient responses were significantly different by treatment modality/setting, but not by gender or geographic location of treatment facility. Among the 276 professional respondents, 37% reported their patients’ care was well-coordinated across settings; 56% reported participating in interdisciplinary care planning discussions; and 53% reported they are aware of appropriate home and community services to support their patients (% reporting “always” or “most of the time”). Conclusion: The results suggest that care for patients with advanced CKD in Ontario is not consistently coordinated. Healthcare professionals may enhance patient perceptions of coordinated care through explicit communication with patients about how the professionals they see and treatments or services they receive influence their overall health and well-being. At a systems level, there is a need to improve professional awareness of and linkages to home- and community-based services.
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Scholten N, Ohnhaeuser T, Schellartz I, von Gersdorff G, Hellmich M, Karbach U, Pfaff H, Samel C, Stock S, Rascher K, Mettang T. Multidimensional analysis of factors responsible for the low prevalence of ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in Germany (MAU-PD): a cross-sectional Mixed-Methods Study Protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025451. [PMID: 31005921 PMCID: PMC6500214 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with end-stage kidney failure can be treated either by transplant or by dialysis, which can be administered as haemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although they are equivalent therapeutic options in terms of mortality, the percentage of patients in Germany treated with PD is currently very low (∼6%) compared with other countries. The aim of our study is to analyse the factors behind this percentage and their relevance to the choice of dialysis treatment in Germany. This includes analyses of regional disparities in the provision of care for dialysis patients as well as the evaluations of costs and the influence of reimbursement structures. This approach should provide further insights to explain the variation in the usage of PD and HD and will help to define starting points for future interventions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A mixed-methods approach will be applied to several data sources, including administrative data (ambulatory physicians' claim data, statutory health insurance claim data), quality assurance data from one of the largest German dialysis providers Kuratorium für Dialyse (KfH) and qualitative and quantitative survey data (patients, nephrologists and dialysis nurses). Qualitative data will be analysed content-analytically. Based on the quantitative data, multivariable analyses will be performed and, where possible, hierarchical models will be tested. This multidimensional approach will enable us to account for the different factors influencing the penetration of PD in Germany. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval (17-299) has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne on 25 April 2018. National and international dissemination will be accomplished by informing healthcare practitioners, patients and professional organisations and other stakeholders via conferences, scientific and non-scientific publications and seminars. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00012555; Pre-Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Scholten
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), University of Cologne, Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Ohnhaeuser
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), University of Cologne, Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Isabell Schellartz
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), University of Cologne, Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gero von Gersdorff
- Department II of Internal Medicine—QiN Group, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology (IMSB), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Karbach
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), University of Cologne, Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Pfaff
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), University of Cologne, Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Samel
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology (IMSB), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stock
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology (IGKE), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katherine Rascher
- Department II of Internal Medicine—QiN Group, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Mettang
- Dr Klaus-Ketzler-Zentrum, KfH-Nierenzentrum, Wiesbaden, Germany
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Seshasai RK, Wong T, Glickman JD, Shea JA, Dember LM. The home hemodialysis patient experience: A qualitative assessment of modality use and discontinuation. Hemodial Int 2019; 23:139-150. [DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kurnik Seshasai
- Department of Medicine, Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension DivisionPerelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Tiffany Wong
- Department of Medicine, Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension DivisionPerelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Joel D. Glickman
- Department of Medicine, Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension DivisionPerelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Judy A. Shea
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal MedicinePerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Laura M. Dember
- Department of Medicine, Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension DivisionPerelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
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16
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Chan CT, Wallace E, Golper TA, Rosner MH, Seshasai RK, Glickman JD, Schreiber M, Gee P, Rocco MV. Exploring Barriers and Potential Solutions in Home Dialysis: An NKF-KDOQI Conference Outcomes Report. Am J Kidney Dis 2018; 73:363-371. [PMID: 30545707 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Home dialysis therapy, including home hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, is underused as a modality for the treatment of chronic kidney failure. The National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative sponsored a home dialysis conference in late 2017 that was designed to identify the barriers to starting and maintaining patients on home dialysis therapy. Clinical, operational, policy, and societal barriers were identified that need to be overcome to ensure that dialysis patients have the freedom to choose their treatment modality. Education of patients and patient partners, as well as health care providers, about home dialysis therapy, if offered at all, is often provided in a cursory manner. Lack of exposure to home dialysis therapies perpetuates a lack of familiarity and thus a hesitancy to refer patients to home dialysis therapies. Patient and care partner support, both psychosocial and financial, is also critical to minimize the risk for burnout leading to dropout from a home dialysis modality. Thus, the facilitation of home dialysis therapy will require a systematic change in chronic kidney disease education and the approach to dialysis therapy initiation, the creation of additional incentives for performing home dialysis, and breakthroughs to simplify the performance of home dialysis modalities. The home dialysis work group plans to develop strategies to overcome these barriers to home dialysis therapy, which will be presented at a follow-up home dialysis conference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Wallace
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | - Joel D Glickman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Patrick Gee
- Quality Insights Renal Network 5, Mid-Atlantic Renal Coalition, North Chesterfield, VA
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17
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Ghani Z, Rydell H, Jarl J. The Effect of Peritoneal Dialysis on Labor Market Outcomes Compared with Institutional Hemodialysis. Perit Dial Int 2018; 39:59-65. [PMID: 30257994 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2017.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to compare the impact of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and institutional hemodialysis (IHD), the 2 most common dialysis modalities, on employment, work income, and disability pension in Sweden. METHODS Included in this study were 4,734 patients in IHD and PD, aged 20 - 60 years, starting treatment in Sweden during 1995 - 2012, and surviving the first year of dialysis therapy. Both "intention to treat" and "on treatment" analyses were performed by including transplant patients into the former and censoring them at the date of transplant in the latter analysis. A reduced bias treatment effect of PD vs IHD on labor market outcomes was estimated while accounting for non-random selection into treatment. RESULTS Peritoneal dialysis was found to be associated with a 4-percentage-point increased probability of employment compared with IHD in the "on treatment" analysis. Also, PD was associated with a reduced disability pension by 6 percentage points, as well as increased work income (EUR 3,477 for employed) compared with IHD during the first year of treatment. The "intention to treat" analysis tended to give higher effect sizes compared with "on treatment." CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that PD is associated with a treatment advantage over IHD in terms of increased employment, work income, and reduced disability pension in the Swedish population after controlling for non-random selection into treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zartashia Ghani
- Health Economics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund .,Applied Health Technology, Department of Health, Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH), Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Helena Rydell
- Department of Nephrology Skåne University Hospital, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Swedish Renal Registry, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Jarl
- Health Economics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund
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18
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Trinh E, Na Y, Sood MM, Chan CT, Perl J. Racial Differences in Home Dialysis Utilization and Outcomes in Canada. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12:1841-1851. [PMID: 28835369 PMCID: PMC5672971 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.03820417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Data on racial disparities in home dialysis utilization and outcomes are lacking in Canada, where health care is universally available. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We studied patients starting maintenance dialysis between 1996 and 2012 in the Canadian Organ Replacement Register, stratified by race: white, Asian, black, Aboriginal, Indian subcontinent, and other. The association between race and treatment with home dialysis was examined using generalized linear models. Secondary outcomes assessed racial differences in all-cause mortality and technique failure using a Fine and Gray competing risk model. RESULTS 66,600 patients initiated chronic dialysis between 1996 and 2012. Compared with whites (n=46,092), treatment with home dialysis was lower among Aboriginals (n=3866; adjusted relative risk, RR, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.66 to 0.76) and higher in Asians (n=4157; adjusted RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.35) and others (n=2170; adjusted RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.20) but similar in blacks (n=2143) and subcontinent Indians (n=2809). Black (adjusted hazard ratio, HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.48) and Aboriginal (adjusted HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.33) patients treated with peritoneal dialysis had a significantly higher adjusted risk of technique failure compared with whites, whereas Asians had a lower risk (adjusted HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.99). In patients on peritoneal dialysis, the risk of death was significantly lower in Asians (adjusted HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.92), blacks (adjusted HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.85), and others (adjusted HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.92) but higher in Aboriginals (adjusted HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.32) compared with whites. Among patients on home hemodialysis, no significant racial differences in patient and technique survival were observed, which may be limited by the low number of events among each subgroups. CONCLUSIONS With the exception of Aboriginals, all racial minority groups in Canada were as likely to be treated with home dialysis compared with whites. However, significant racial differences exist in outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Trinh
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yingbo Na
- Division of Nephrology, St. Michael’s Hospital and the Keenan Research Center in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Manish M. Sood
- Division of Nephrology, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey Perl
- Division of Nephrology, St. Michael’s Hospital and the Keenan Research Center in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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19
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Effiong A, Shinn L, Pope TM, Raho JA. Advance care planning for end-stage kidney disease. Hippokratia 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010687.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andem Effiong
- United States Department of Health and Human Services; 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland USA 20993
- Georgetown University School of Medicine; Washington DC USA
- Union Graduate College - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Mount Sinai New York USA
| | - Laura Shinn
- Rowan University; Political Science and Economics; Glassboro New Jersey USA
| | - Thaddeus M Pope
- Hamline University School of Law; Health Law Institute; MS-D2017 1536 Hewitt Ave Saint Paul Minnesota USA 55104-1237
| | - Joseph A Raho
- Universita di Pisa; Department of Philosophy; Visa Fabio Filzi, 35 Pisa Italy 56123
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20
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Wong LP, Li NC, Kansal S, Lacson E, Maddux F, Kessler J, Curd S, Lester K, Herman M, Pulliam J. Urgent Peritoneal Dialysis Starts for ESRD: Initial Multicenter Experiences in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 2016; 68:500-2. [PMID: 27178678 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.03.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nien-Chen Li
- Fresenius Medical Care North America, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Eduardo Lacson
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank Maddux
- Fresenius Medical Care North America, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Kessler
- Fresenius Medical Care North America, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie Curd
- Fresenius Medical Care North America, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Keith Lester
- Fresenius Medical Care North America, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa Herman
- Fresenius Medical Care North America, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Pulliam
- Fresenius Medical Care North America, Waltham, Massachusetts
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21
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Seshasai RK, Mitra N, Chaknos CM, Li J, Wirtalla C, Negoianu D, Glickman JD, Dember LM. Factors Associated With Discontinuation of Home Hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 67:629-37. [PMID: 26709066 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home hemodialysis (HHD) is associated with improved clinical and quality-of-life outcomes compared to in-center hemodialysis, but remains an underused modality in the United States. Discontinuation from HHD therapy may be an important contributor to the low use of this modality. This study aimed to describe the rate and timing of HHD therapy discontinuation, or technique failure, and identify contributing factors. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Using data from a large dialysis provider, we identified a nationally representative cohort of patients who initiated HHD therapy from 2007 to 2009 (N=2,840). FACTORS Demographics, end-stage renal disease duration, kidney transplant listing status, comorbid conditions, level of urbanization or rurality based on residence zip code, socioeconomic status based on residence zip code, and dialysis facility factors. OUTCOMES Discontinuation from HHD therapy, defined as 60 or more days with no HHD treatments. MEASUREMENTS Competing-risk models were used to produce cumulative incidence plots and identify sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with HHD therapy discontinuation. Transplantation and death were treated as competing risks for HHD therapy discontinuation. RESULTS The 1-year incidence of discontinuation was 24.9%, and the 1-year mortality estimate was 7.6%. Median end-stage renal disease duration prior to initiating HHD therapy was 2.1 years. Diabetes and smoking/alcohol/drug use were associated with increased risk for HHD discontinuation (HRs of 1.34 [95% CI, 1.07-1.68] and 1.34 [95% CI, 1.01-1.78], respectively). Listing for kidney transplantation and rural residence (rural-urban commuting area ≥ 7) were associated with decreased risk for HHD therapy discontinuation (HRs of 0.73 [95% CI, 0.61-0.87] and 0.78 [95% CI, 0.59-1.02], respectively). LIMITATIONS Limited to variables available within the DaVita dialysis and US Renal Data System data sets. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of patients discontinue HHD therapy within the first 12 months of use of the modality. Patients with diabetes, substance use, nonlisting for kidney transplantation, and urban residence are at greater risk for discontinuation. Targeting high-risk patients for increased support from clinical teams is a potential strategy for reducing HHD therapy discontinuation and increasing technique survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kurnik Seshasai
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension. Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Nandita Mitra
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - C Michael Chaknos
- Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher Wirtalla
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dan Negoianu
- Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joel D Glickman
- Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura M Dember
- Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Mehrotra R, Soohoo M, Rivara MB, Himmelfarb J, Cheung AK, Arah OA, Nissenson AR, Ravel V, Streja E, Kuttykrishnan S, Katz R, Molnar MZ, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Use of and Outcomes with Home Dialysis in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:2123-34. [PMID: 26657565 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Home dialysis, which comprises peritoneal dialysis (PD) or home hemodialysis (home HD), offers patients with ESRD greater flexibility and independence. Although ESRD disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities, data on disparities in use and outcomes with home dialysis are sparse. We analyzed data of patients who initiated maintenance dialysis between 2007 and 2011 and were admitted to any of 2217 dialysis facilities in 43 states operated by a single large dialysis organization, with follow-up through December 31, 2011 (n =: 162,050, of which 17,791 underwent PD and 2536 underwent home HD for ≥91 days). Every racial/ethnic minority group was significantly less likely to be treated with home dialysis than whites. Among individuals treated with in-center HD or PD, racial/ethnic minorities had a lower risk for death than whites; among individuals undergoing home HD, only blacks had a significantly lower death risk than whites. Blacks undergoing PD or home HD had a higher risk for transfer to in-center HD than their white counterparts, whereas Asians or others undergoing PD had a lower risk than whites undergoing PD. Blacks irrespective of dialysis modality, Hispanics undergoing PD or in-center HD, and Asians and other racial groups undergoing in-center HD were significantly less likely than white counterparts to receive a kidney transplant. In conclusion, there are racial/ethnic disparities in use of and outcomes with home dialysis in the United States. Disparities in kidney transplantation evident for blacks and Hispanics undergoing home dialysis are similar to those with in-center HD. Future studies should identify modifiable causes for these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Mehrotra
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
| | - Melissa Soohoo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Matthew B Rivara
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Onyebuchi A Arah
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Allen R Nissenson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; DaVita Health Partners, El Segundo, California; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Vanessa Ravel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Elani Streja
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Sooraj Kuttykrishnan
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ronit Katz
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Miklos Z Molnar
- DaVita Health Partners, El Segundo, California; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
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Frew PM, Archibald M, Schamel J, Saint-Victor D, Fox E, Smith-Bankhead N, Diallo DD, Holstad MM, Del Rio C. An Integrated Service Delivery Model to Identify Persons Living with HIV and to Provide Linkage to HIV Treatment and Care in Prioritized Neighborhoods: A Geotargeted, Program Outcome Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2015; 1:e16. [PMID: 27227134 PMCID: PMC4869208 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.4675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence (2.1%) rates exist in "high-risk areas" of US cities that are comparable to rates in developing nations. Community-based interventions (CBIs) have demonstrated potential for improving HIV testing in these areas, thereby facilitating early entry and engagement in the HIV continuum of care. By encouraging neighborhood-based community participation through an organized community coalition, Project LINK sought to demonstrate the potential of the CBI concept to improve widespread HIV testing and referral in an area characterized by high poverty and HIV prevalence with few existing HIV-related services. OBJECTIVE This study examines the influence of Project LINK to improve linkage-to-care and HIV engagement among residents of its target neighborhoods. METHODS Using a venue-based sampling strategy, survey participants were selected from among all adult participants aged 18 years or more at Project LINK community events (n=547). We explored multilevel factors influencing continuum-of-care outcomes (linkage to HIV testing and CBI network referral) through combined geospatial-survey analyses utilizing hierarchical linear model methodologies and random-intercept models that adjusted for baseline effect differences among zip codes. The study specifically examined participant CBI utilization and engagement in relation to individual and psychosocial factors, as well as neighborhood characteristics including the availability of HIV testing services, and the extent of local prevention, education, and clinical support services. RESULTS Study participants indicated strong mean intention to test for HIV using CBI agencies (mean 8.66 on 10-point scale [SD 2.51]) and to facilitate referrals to the program (mean 8.81 on 10-point scale [SD 1.86]). Individual-level effects were consistent across simple multiple regression and random-effects models, as well as multilevel models. Participants with lower income expressed greater intentions to obtain HIV tests through LINK (P<.01 across models). HIV testing and CBI referral intention were associated with neighborhood-level factors, including reduced availability of support services (testing P<.001), greater proportion of black/African Americans (testing and referral P<.001), and reduced socioeconomic capital (testing P=.017 and referral P<.001). Across models, participants expressing positive attitudes toward the CBI exhibited greater likelihood of engaging in routine HIV testing (P<.01) and referring others to HIV care (P<.01). Transgender individuals indicated greater intent to refer others to the CBI (P<.05). These outcomes were broadly influenced by distal community-level factors including availability of neighborhood HIV support organizations, population composition socioeconomic status, and high HIV prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Project LINK demonstrated its potential as a geotargeted CBI by evidencing greater individual intention to engage in HIV testing, care, and personal referrals to its coalition partner organizations. This study highlights important socioecological effects of US-based CBIs to improve HIV testing and initiate acceptable mechanisms for prompt referral to care among a vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Frew
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlanta, GAUnited States; Hubert Department of Global HealthRollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlanta, GAUnited States
| | | | - Jay Schamel
- Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA United States
| | - Diane Saint-Victor
- Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA United States
| | - Elizabeth Fox
- Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA United States
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Del Rio
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlanta, GAUnited States; Hubert Department of Global HealthRollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlanta, GAUnited States
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Grace BS, Clayton PA, Gray NA, McDonald SP. Socioeconomic differences in the uptake of home dialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 9:929-35. [PMID: 24763865 PMCID: PMC4011450 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.08770813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Home dialysis creates fewer lifestyle disruptions while providing similar or better outcomes than in-center hemodialysis. Socioeconomically advantaged patients are more likely to commence home dialysis (peritoneal dialysis and home hemodialysis) in many developed countries. This study investigated associations between socioeconomic status and uptake of home dialysis in Australia, a country with universal access to health care and comparatively high rates of home dialysis. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This study analyzed 23,281 non-Indigenous adult patients who commenced chronic RRT in Australia from 2000 to 2011 according to the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry in a retrospective cohort study. This study investigated the proportion of patients who were ever likely to use home dialysis using nonmixture cure models and followed patients until the end of 2011 (median follow-up time=3.0 years, interquartile range=1.3-5.5 years). The main predictor was area socioeconomic status from postcodes grouped into quartiles using standard indices. RESULTS Patients from the most advantaged quartile of areas were less likely to commence peritoneal dialysis (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.69) and more likely to use in-center hemodialysis than patients from the most disadvantaged areas (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.30). Socioeconomic status was not associated with uptake of home hemodialysis. Rural areas were more disadvantaged and had higher rates of peritoneal dialysis, and privately funded hospitals rarely used home dialysis. Patients from the most advantaged quartile of areas were more likely to use private hospitals than patients from the most disadvantaged quartile (odds ratio, 5.9; 95% confidence interval, 4.6 to 7.5). CONCLUSION The lower incidence of peritoneal dialysis among patients from advantaged areas seems to be multifactorial. Identifying and addressing barriers to home dialysis in Australia could improve patient quality of life and reduce costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair S. Grace
- Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Philip A. Clayton
- Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Gray
- Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nambour General Hospital, Nambour, Queensland, Australia; and
- University of Queensland, Sunshine Coast Clinical School, Nambour General Hospital, Nambour, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen P. McDonald
- Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Shen JI, Mitani AA, Saxena AB, Goldstein BA, Winkelmayer WC. Determinants of peritoneal dialysis technique failure in incident US patients. Perit Dial Int 2012; 33:155-66. [PMID: 23032086 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2011.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Switching from peritoneal dialysis (PD) to hemodialysis (HD) is undesirable, because of complications from temporary vascular access, disruption of daily routine, and higher costs. Little is known about the role that social factors play in technique failure. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, MEASUREMENTS We followed for 3 years a nationally representative cohort of US patients who initiated PD in 1996 - 1997. Technique failure was defined as any switch from PD to HD for 30 days or more. We used Cox regression to examine associations between technique failure and demographic, medical, social, and pre-dialysis factors. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We identified an inception cohort of 1587 patients undergoing PD. In multivariate analysis, female sex (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.95) was associated with lower rates of technique failure, and black race [compared with white race (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.82)] and receiving Medicaid (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.86) were associated with higher rates. Compared with patients who worked full-time, those who were retired (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.08) or disabled (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.88) had higher rates of failure. Patients with a systolic blood pressure of 140 - 160 mmHg had a higher rate of failure than did those with a pressure of 120 - 140 mmHg (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.52). Earlier referral to a nephrologist (>3 months before dialysis initiation) and the primary decision-maker for the dialysis modality (physician vs patient vs shared) were not associated with technique failure. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that several socio-demographic factors are associated with technique failure, emphasizing the potential importance of social and financial support in maintaining PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny I Shen
- Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 780 Welch Road, Suite 106, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA.
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Tennankore KK, Chan CT, Curran SP. Intensive home haemodialysis: benefits and barriers. Nat Rev Nephrol 2012; 8:515-22. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2012.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Maripuri S, Arbogast P, Ikizler TA, Cavanaugh KL. Rural and micropolitan residence and mortality in patients on dialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 7:1121-9. [PMID: 22516293 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.10831011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Micropolitan and rural patients face challenges when initiating dialysis, including healthcare access. Previous studies have shown little association of nonurban residence with dialysis outcomes but have not examined the association of dialysis modality with residence location. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This retrospective cohort study used data from the U.S. Renal Data System. Adults who initiated maintenance dialysis between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2007, were classified as rural, micropolitan, or urban. Early and long-term mortality and kidney transplantation were examined with Cox regression stratified by dialysis modality. RESULTS Of 204,463 patients, 80% were urban; 10.2%, micropolitan; and 9.8%, rural. Micropolitan and rural patients were older, were less racially diverse, had more comorbid conditions, and were more likely to start peritoneal dialysis (PD). Median follow-up was 2.0 years. Early mortality or long-term hemodialysis (HD) mortality did not significantly differ by geographic residence. After adjustment, micropolitan and rural PD patients had higher risk for long-term mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.35] and 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01-1.24], respectively) than urban PD patients. After adjustment, kidney transplantation was more likely in micropolitan and rural HD patients (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.11-1.28] and 1.30 [CI, 1.21-1.40]) than urban HD patients, and micropolitan PD patients (HR, 1.31 [95%, CI 1.13-1.51]) than urban PD patients. CONCLUSIONS Micropolitan and rural residence is associated with higher mortality in PD patients and similar or higher likelihood of kidney transplantation among HD and PD patients. Studies examining the underlying mechanisms of these associations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saugar Maripuri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Morton RL, Snelling P, Webster AC, Rose J, Masterson R, Johnson DW, Howard K. Dialysis modality preference of patients with CKD and family caregivers: a discrete-choice study. Am J Kidney Dis 2012; 60:102-11. [PMID: 22417786 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dialysis modality preferences of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and family caregivers are important, yet rarely quantified. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, unlabeled, discrete-choice experiment with random-parameter logit analysis. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Adults with stages 3-5 CKD and caregivers educated about dialysis treatment options from 8 Australian renal clinics. PREDICTORS Preferences for and trade-offs between the dialysis treatment attributes of life expectancy, number of hospital visits per week, ability to travel, hours per treatment, treatment time of day, subsidized transport service, and flexibility of treatment schedule. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS Results presented as ORs for preferring home-based or in-center dialysis to conservative care. RESULTS 105 predialysis patients and 73 family caregivers completed the study. Median patient age was 63 years, and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 18.1 (range, 6-34) mL/min/1.73 m(2). Median caregiver age was 61 years. Home-based dialysis (either peritoneal or home hemodialysis) was chosen by patients in 65% of choice sets; in-center dialysis, in 35%; and conservative care, in 10%. For caregivers, this was 72%, 25%, and 3%, respectively. Both patients and caregivers preferred longer rather than shorter hours of dialysis (ORs of 2.02 [95% CI, 1.51-2.70] and 2.67 [95% CI, 1.85-3.85] for patients and caregivers, respectively), but were less likely to choose nocturnal than daytime dialysis (ORs of 0.07 [95% CI, 0.01-0.75] and 0.03 [95% CI, 0.01-0.20]). Patients were willing to forgo 23 (95% CI, 19-27) months of life expectancy with home-based dialysis to decrease their travel restrictions. For caregivers, this was 17 (95% CI, 16-18) patient-months. LIMITATIONS Data were limited to stated preferences rather than actual choice of dialysis modality. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that it is rare for caregivers to prefer conservative nondialytic care for family members with CKD. Home-based dialysis modalities that enable patients and their family members to travel with minimal restriction would be strongly aligned with the preferences of both parties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael L Morton
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Mehrotra R, Story K, Guest S, Fedunyszyn M. Neighborhood location, rurality, geography, and outcomes of peritoneal dialysis patients in the United States. Perit Dial Int 2011; 32:322-31. [PMID: 22135315 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2011.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adjusted 5-year survival for dialysis patients in the United States is 33%-35%, and patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) have a high risk of transfer to hemodialysis (HD). No data are available on the effect of neighborhood characteristics or regional differences on the outcomes of PD patients in the United States. METHODS We analyzed the relationships of selected patient demographics, socio-economic characteristics of the dialysis unit's neighborhood, "rurality," and geographic location with transfer to HD and with a composite outcome of transfer to HD or death, for all PD patients in the United States who, between 2004 and 2009, used supplies manufactured by Baxter Healthcare (n = 58 700). RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 18.7 months, 29% of patients transferred to HD (median time to HD transfer: 49 months), and 54% reached the composite outcome. More than 20% of the events occurred within the first 90 days of PD start. The risk for each of the study outcomes was higher for patients who had received any previous treatment with HD, for those treated in units located in areas with a higher proportion of black residents, and for those living in remote rural areas. Furthermore, the risk for reaching either of the study outcomes was consistently lower for patients treated in units located in California, Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, the Mariana Islands, and American Samoa. CONCLUSIONS We observed significant regional differences in the outcomes of PD patients in the United States that have not previously been reported. Understanding the differences in clinical practice that underlie these regional differences might help to further improve PD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Mehrotra
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.
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Gray NA, Dent H, McDonald SP. Renal replacement therapy in rural and urban Australia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:2069-76. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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