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Yin J, Gu T, Chaudhry N, Davidson NE, Huang Y. Epigenetic modulation of antitumor immunity and immunotherapy response in breast cancer: biological mechanisms and clinical implications. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1325615. [PMID: 38268926 PMCID: PMC10806158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in American women. The initiation and progression of BC can proceed through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes that allow transformed cells to escape the normal cell cycle checkpoint control. Unlike nucleotide mutations, epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs), nucleosome remodeling and non-coding RNAs are generally reversible and therefore potentially responsive to pharmacological intervention. Epigenetic dysregulations are critical mechanisms for impaired antitumor immunity, evasion of immune surveillance, and resistance to immunotherapy. Compared to highly immunogenic tumor types, such as melanoma or lung cancer, breast cancer has been viewed as an immunologically quiescent tumor which displays a relatively low population of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), low tumor mutational burden (TMB) and modest response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Emerging evidence suggests that agents targeting aberrant epigenetic modifiers may augment host antitumor immunity in BC via several interrelated mechanisms such as enhancing tumor antigen presentation, activation of cytotoxic T cells, inhibition of immunosuppressive cells, boosting response to ICI, and induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD). These discoveries have established a highly promising basis for using combinatorial approaches of epigenetic drugs with immunotherapy as an innovative paradigm to improve outcomes of BC patients. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how epigenetic processes regulate immune cell function and antitumor immunogenicity in the context of the breast tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic potential and latest clinical trials of the combination of immune checkpoint blockers with epigenetic agents in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tiezheng Gu
- The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Norin Chaudhry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Nancy E. Davidson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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2
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Norollahi SE, Vahidi S, Shams S, Keymoradzdeh A, Soleymanpour A, Solymanmanesh N, Mirzajani E, Jamkhaneh VB, Samadani AA. Analytical and therapeutic profiles of DNA methylation alterations in cancer; an overview of changes in chromatin arrangement and alterations in histone surfaces. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2023; 44:337-356. [PMID: 36799246 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is the most important epigenetic element that activates the inhibition of gene transcription and is included in the pathogenesis of all types of malignancies. Remarkably, the effectors of DNA methylation are DNMTs (DNA methyltransferases) that catalyze de novo or keep methylation of hemimethylated DNA after the DNA replication process. DNA methylation structures in cancer are altered, with three procedures by which DNA methylation helps cancer development which are including direct mutagenesis, hypomethylation of the cancer genome, and also focal hypermethylation of the promoters of TSGs (tumor suppressor genes). Conspicuously, DNA methylation, nucleosome remodeling, RNA-mediated targeting, and histone modification balance modulate many biological activities that are essential and indispensable to the genesis of cancer and also can impact many epigenetic changes including DNA methylation and histone modifications as well as adjusting of non-coding miRNAs expression in prevention and treatment of many cancers. Epigenetics points to heritable modifications in gene expression that do not comprise alterations in the DNA sequence. The nucleosome is the basic unit of chromatin, consisting of 147 base pairs (bp) of DNA bound around a histone octamer comprised of one H3/H4 tetramer and two H2A/H2B dimers. DNA methylation is preferentially distributed over nucleosome regions and is less increased over flanking nucleosome-depleted DNA, implying a connection between nucleosome positioning and DNA methylation. In carcinogenesis, aberrations in the epigenome may also include in the progression of drug resistance. In this report, we report the rudimentary notes behind these epigenetic signaling pathways and emphasize the proofs recommending that their misregulation can conclude in cancer. These findings in conjunction with the promising preclinical and clinical consequences observed with epigenetic drugs against chromatin regulators, confirm the important role of epigenetics in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Elham Norollahi
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shima Shams
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arman Keymoradzdeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Soleymanpour
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nazanin Solymanmanesh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Vida Baloui Jamkhaneh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Babol Branch, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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3
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Ajabnoor GMA. The Molecular and Genetic Interactions between Obesity and Breast Cancer Risk. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1338. [PMID: 37512149 PMCID: PMC10384495 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is considered the leading cause of death among females worldwide. Various risk factors contribute to BC development, such as age, genetics, reproductive factors, obesity, alcohol intake, and lifestyle. Obesity is considered to be a pandemic health problem globally, affecting millions of people worldwide. Obesity has been associated with a high risk of BC development. Determining the impact of obesity on BC development risk in women by demonstrating the molecular and genetic association in pre- and post-menopause females and risk to BC initiation is crucial in order to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of BC disease. In epidemiological studies, BC in premenopausal women was shown to be protective in a certain pattern. These altered effects between the two phases could be due to various physiological changes, such as estrogen/progesterone fluctuating levels. In addition, the relationship between BC risk and obesity is indicated by different molecular alterations as metabolic pathways and genetic mutation or epigenetic DNA changes supporting a strong connection between obesity and BC risk. However, these molecular and genetic alteration remain incompletely understood. The aim of this review is to highlight and elucidate the different molecular mechanisms and genetic changes occurring in obese women and their association with BC risk and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M A Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Pinto MT, Eiras Martins G, Vieira AGS, Galvão JMS, de Pádua Souza C, Macedo CRPD, Lopes LF. Molecular Biology of Pediatric and Adult Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112990. [PMID: 37296950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs) are rare in adults; indeed, they occur predominantly in children, adolescents, and young adults, and they account for approximately 11% of cancer diagnoses in these groups. Because OGCTs are rare tumors, our current understanding of them is sparse; this is because few studies have investigated the molecular basis of pediatric and adult cancers. Here, we review the etiopathogenesis of OGCTs in children and adults, and we address the molecular landscape of these tumors, including integrated genomic analysis, microRNAs, DNA methylation, the molecular implications of treatment resistance, and the development of in vitro and in vivo models. An elucidation of potential molecular alterations may provide a novel field for understanding the pathogenesis, tumorigenesis, diagnostic markers, and genetic peculiarity of the rarity and complexity of OGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisele Eiras Martins
- Brazilian Childhood Germ Cell Tumor Study Group, The Brazilian Pediatric Oncology Society (SOBOPE), Barretos 14784400, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Hospital from Hospital de Amor, Barretos 14784400, Brazil
| | - Ana Glenda Santarosa Vieira
- Brazilian Childhood Germ Cell Tumor Study Group, The Brazilian Pediatric Oncology Society (SOBOPE), Barretos 14784400, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Hospital from Hospital de Amor, Barretos 14784400, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carla Renata Pacheco Donato Macedo
- Brazilian Childhood Germ Cell Tumor Study Group, The Brazilian Pediatric Oncology Society (SOBOPE), Barretos 14784400, Brazil
- Pediatric Oncology Department, IOP/GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04038001, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Lopes
- Brazilian Childhood Germ Cell Tumor Study Group, The Brazilian Pediatric Oncology Society (SOBOPE), Barretos 14784400, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Hospital from Hospital de Amor, Barretos 14784400, Brazil
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5
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Analysis of Intrinsic Breast Cancer Subtypes: The Clinical Utility of Epigenetic Biomarkers and TP53 Mutation Status in Triple-Negative Cases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315429. [PMID: 36499753 PMCID: PMC9741387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at analyzing the DNA methylation pattern and TP53 mutation status of intrinsic breast cancer (BC) subtypes for improved characterization and survival prediction. DNA methylation of 17 genes was tested by methylation-specific PCR in 116 non-familial BRCA mutation-negative BC and 29 control noncancerous cases. At least one gene methylation was detected in all BC specimens and a 10-gene panel statistically significantly separated tumors from noncancerous breast tissues. Methylation of FILIP1L and MT1E was predominant in triple-negative (TN) BC, while other BC subtypes were characterized by RASSF1, PRKCB, MT1G, APC, and RUNX3 hypermethylation. TP53 mutation (TP53-mut) was found in 38% of sequenced samples and mainly affected TN BC cases (87%). Cox analysis revealed that TN status, age at diagnosis, and RUNX3 methylation are independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in BC. The combinations of methylated biomarkers, RUNX3 with MT1E or FILIP1L, were also predictive for shorter OS, whereas methylated FILIP1L was predictive of a poor outcome in the TP53-mut subgroup. Therefore, DNA methylation patterns of specific genes significantly separate BC from noncancerous breast tissues and distinguishes TN cases from non-TN BC, whereas the combination of two-to-three epigenetic biomarkers can be an informative tool for BC outcome predictions.
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6
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Mathur R, Jha NK, Saini G, Jha SK, Shukla SP, Filipejová Z, Kesari KK, Iqbal D, Nand P, Upadhye VJ, Jha AK, Roychoudhury S, Slama P. Epigenetic factors in breast cancer therapy. Front Genet 2022; 13:886487. [PMID: 36212140 PMCID: PMC9539821 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.886487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are inherited differences in cellular phenotypes, such as cell gene expression alterations, that occur during somatic cell divisions (also, in rare circumstances, in germ line transmission), but no alterations to the DNA sequence are involved. Histone alterations, polycomb/trithorax associated proteins, short non-coding or short RNAs, long non—coding RNAs (lncRNAs), & DNA methylation are just a few biological processes involved in epigenetic events. These various modifications are intricately linked. The transcriptional potential of genes is closely conditioned by epigenetic control, which is crucial in normal growth and development. Epigenetic mechanisms transmit genomic adaptation to an environment, resulting in a specific phenotype. The purpose of this systematic review is to glance at the roles of Estrogen signalling, polycomb/trithorax associated proteins, DNA methylation in breast cancer progression, as well as epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancer therapy, with an emphasis on functionality, regulatory factors, therapeutic value, and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjhun Mathur
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Gaurav Saini
- Department of Civil Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Sheo Prasad Shukla
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College, Banda, India
| | - Zita Filipejová
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parma Nand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Vijay Jagdish Upadhye
- Center of Research for Development (CR4D), Parul Institute of Applied Sciences (PIAS), Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat
| | - Abhimanyu Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- *Correspondence: Abhimanyu Kumar Jha, ; Shubhadeep Roychoudhury,
| | - Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
- *Correspondence: Abhimanyu Kumar Jha, ; Shubhadeep Roychoudhury,
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology, and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
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7
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Hussain S, Tulsyan S, Dar SA, Sisodiya S, Abiha U, Kumar R, Mishra BN, Haque S. Role of epigenetics in carcinogenesis: Recent advancements in anticancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 83:441-451. [PMID: 34182144 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of epigenetics in the etiology of cancer progression is being emphasized for the past two decades to check the impact of chromatin modifiers and remodelers. Histone modifications, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, nucleosome positioning, regulation by non-coding RNAs and precisely microRNAs are influential epigenetic marks in the field of progressive cancer sub-types. Furthermore, constant epigenetic changes due to hyper or hypomethylation could efficiently serve as effective biomarkers of cancer diagnosis and therapeutic development. Ongoing research in the field of epigenetics has resulted in the resolutory role of various epigenetic markers and their inhibition using specific inhibitors to arrest their key cellular functions in in-vitro and pre-clinical studies. Although, the mechanism of epigenetics in cancer largely remains unexplored. Nevertheless, various advancements in the field of epigenetics have been made through transcriptome analysis and in-vitro genome targeting technologies to unravel the applicability of epigenetic markers for future cancer therapeutics and management. Therefore, this review emphasizes on recent advances in epigenetic landscapes that could be targeted/explored using novel approaches as personalized treatment modalities for cancer containment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showket Hussain
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Molecular Diagnostics, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Sonam Tulsyan
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Molecular Diagnostics, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Sisodiya
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Molecular Diagnostics, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India; Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Umme Abiha
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhartendu Nath Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Görükle Campus, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey.
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8
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Lei JH, Zhang L, Wang Z, Peltier R, Xie Y, Chen G, Lin S, Miao K, Deng CX, Sun H. FGFR2-BRD4 Axis Regulates Transcriptional Networks of Histone 3 Modification and Synergy Between Its Inhibitors and PD-1/PD-L1 in a TNBC Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:861221. [PMID: 35547739 PMCID: PMC9084888 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming is an independent mode of gene expression that often involves changes in the transcription and chromatin structure due to tumor initiation and development. In this study, we developed a specifically modified peptide array and searched for a recognized epigenetic reader. Our results demonstrated that BRD4 is not only an acetylation reader but of propionylation as well. We also studied the quantitative binding affinities between modified peptides and epigenetic regulators by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Furthermore, we introduced the Fgfr2-S252W transgenic mouse model to confirm that this acetylation is associated with the activation of c-Myc and drives tumor formation. Targeted disruption of BRD4 in Fgfr2-S252W mouse tumor cells also confirmed that BRD4 is a key regulator of histone 3 acetylation. Finally, we developed a tumor slice culture system and demonstrated the synergy between immune checkpoint blockade and targeted therapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These data extend our understanding of epigenetic reprogramming and epigenetics-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Haipeng Lei
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhenyi Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China
| | - Raoul Peltier
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yusheng Xie
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ganchao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shiqi Lin
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Kai Miao
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Tian T, Fu J, Li D, Liu Y, Sun H, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang D, Zheng T, Zhao Y, Pang D. Methylation of Immune-Related Genes in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:817565. [PMID: 35223499 PMCID: PMC8867609 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.817565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal DNA methylation contributes to breast cancer (BC). Immune-related genes play crucial roles in BC development and progression. This study aims to investigate the effect of methylation of immune-related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) on BC risk. GSE51032 and GSE104942 datasets were used to identify significantly differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs) of immune-related genes. A case-control study was conducted using MethylTarget sequencing to validate the relationship between the methylation levels of the screened genes and BC risk. We also evaluated the association between methylation haplotypes of screened genes and BC risk. Moreover, we sorted the blood leukocytes into T cells, B cells, and monocytes to detect the difference of DNA methylation in different cell subtypes. A total of five DMCs were screened from GEO datasets, including cg01760846 (PSMC1), cg07141527 (SPPL3), cg15658543 (CARD11), cg21568368 (PSMB8), and cg24045276 (NCF2). In the case-control study, there were significant associations between methylation of the CpG sites in the five genes and BC risk. Methylation haplotype burdens of PSMC1, CARD11, and PSMB8 were associated with reduced BC risk. Moreover, there were heterogeneities in the methylation levels of the genes in different cell subtypes. In conclusion, methylation of PSMC1, SPPL3, CARD11, PSMB8, and NCF2 in PBLs were associated with BC risk. The five-gene methylation could be the potential biomarkers for predicting BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - JinMing Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - DaPeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - YuPeng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - HongRu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - XianYu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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10
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Sun H, Wang G, Cai J, Wei X, Zeng Y, Peng Y, Zhuang J. Long non-coding RNA H19 mediates N-acetyltransferase 1 gene methylation in the development of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:12. [PMID: 34815764 PMCID: PMC8593873 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is associated with proliferation, invasion and metastasis in numerous types of cancer. H19 lncRNA has been demonstrated to be an estrogen-inducible gene, the expression of which is significantly increased in tamoxifen (TAM)-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of lncRNA H19 in the development of TAM resistance. TAM-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7R) cells were developed by the treatment of wild-type MCF-7 cells with 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Analysis of H19 expression in the cells indicated that upregulation of H19 contributed to the resistance of the MCF-7R cell line. Furthermore, when H19 was knocked down in the MCF-7R cells, the sensitivity to 4-hydroxytamoxifen was markedly restored. The results further demonstrated that N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) may serve an important role in TAM-resistant cells, as NAT1 expression was notably downregulated in the MCF-7R cells but significantly elevated following the knockdown of H19. In addition, lower expression of NAT1 and higher expression of H19 were indicated to be associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer treated with TAM. The results of bisulfite genomic sequencing PCR analysis indicated that the methylation rate of NAT1 in MCF-7R cells was significantly higher compared with that in MCF-7 cells, while the methylation rate of NAT1 in TAM-resistant cells transfected with small interfering RNA against H19 was significantly lower than that in the corresponding untransfected cells. Therefore, the present study suggests that the H19 gene regulates NAT1 expression in TAM-resistant cells via the mediation of NAT1 promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Yin Y, Lei S, Li L, Yang X, Yin Q, Xu T, Zhou W, Li H, Gu W, Ma F, Yang R, Zhang Z. RPTOR methylation in the peripheral blood and breast cancer in the Chinese population. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:435-443. [PMID: 34767153 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered regulatory-associated protein of mTOR, complex 1 (RPTOR) methylation levels in peripheral blood was originally discovered as breast cancer (BC)-associated risk factor in Caucasians. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between RPTOR methylation and BC in the Chinese population, we conducted two independent case-control studies. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from a total of 333 sporadic BC cases and 378 healthy female controls for the DNA extraction and bisulfite-specific PCR amplification. Mass spectrometry was applied to quantitatively measure the levels of methylation. The logistic regression, Spearman's rank correlation, and Non-parametric tests were used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS In our study, we found an association between BC and RPTOR_CpG_4 hypomethylation in the general population (per-10% of methylation, OR 1.29, P = 0.012), and a weak association between BC and RPTOR_CpG_8 hypomethylation in the women with older age (per-10% of methylation, OR 2.34, P = 0.006). We also identified age as a confounder for the change of RPTOR methylation patterns, especially at RPTOR_CpG_4, which represented differential methylation comparing age groups especially in the BC cases (age < 50 years vs age ≥ 50 years by Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.0001 for BC cases and P = 0.079 for controls). CONCLUSION Our study validated the association between hypomethylation of RPTOR and BC risk in the Chinese population also with weak effect and mostly for postmenopausal women. In addition, our findings provided novel insight for the regulation of DNA methylation upon aging or the change of hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Shuifang Lei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiming Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Chengdu Shang Jin Nan Fu Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Wanjian Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Zhang K, Song W, Wei M, Sun Y, Wang N, Ma L, Yu X, Gao R, Wang R, Zhang Y, Zheng N, Li N, Mu L, Tang Z, Li X, Yang C, Yang G. A Novel Anticancer Stem Cell Compound Derived from Pleuromutilin Induced Necroptosis of Melanoma Cells. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15825-15845. [PMID: 34704758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis has been recently confirmed as a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death. Discovery of novel chemical entities, capable of inducing necroptosis of cancer cells, is likely to act as an alternative strategy for dealing with drug resistance clinically. In this study, the identification of a novel Pleuromutilin derivative (compound 38) is presented, capable of significantly increasing the cellular level of ROS and inducing melanoma cancer cell death via necroptosis. Furthermore, compound 38 noticeably ablated various cancer stem cells and inhibited the growth of melanoma cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, 38 exhibited low toxicity in animal models and excellent PK properties, which is currently being verified as a potential anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Yu
- Tianjin Institute for Drug Control, Tianjin 300021, P. R. China
| | - Ruolin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Linrong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xuechun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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13
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Neagu AN, Whitham D, Buonanno E, Jenkins A, Alexa-Stratulat T, Tamba BI, Darie CC. Proteomics and its applications in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4006-4049. [PMID: 34659875 PMCID: PMC8493401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is an individually unique, multi-faceted and chameleonic disease, an eternal challenge for the new era of high-integrated precision diagnostic and personalized oncomedicine. Besides traditional single-omics fields (such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics) and multi-omics contributions (proteogenomics, proteotranscriptomics or reproductomics), several new "-omics" approaches and exciting proteomics subfields are contributing to basic and advanced understanding of these "multiple diseases termed breast cancer": phenomics/cellomics, connectomics and interactomics, secretomics, matrisomics, exosomics, angiomics, chaperomics and epichaperomics, phosphoproteomics, ubiquitinomics, metalloproteomics, terminomics, degradomics and metadegradomics, adhesomics, stressomics, microbiomics, immunomics, salivaomics, materiomics and other biomics. Throughout the extremely complex neoplastic process, a Breast Cancer Cell Continuum Concept (BCCCC) has been modeled in this review as a spatio-temporal and holistic approach, as long as the breast cancer represents a complex cascade comprising successively integrated populations of heterogeneous tumor and cancer-associated cells, that reflect the carcinoma's progression from a "driving mutation" and formation of the breast primary tumor, toward the distant secondary tumors in different tissues and organs, via circulating tumor cell populations. This BCCCC is widely sustained by a Breast Cancer Proteomic Continuum Concept (BCPCC), where each phenotype of neoplastic and tumor-associated cells is characterized by a changing and adaptive proteomic profile detected in solid and liquid minimal invasive biopsies by complex proteomics approaches. Such a profile is created, beginning with the proteomic landscape of different neoplastic cell populations and cancer-associated cells, followed by subsequent analysis of protein biomarkers involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and intravasation, circulating tumor cell proteomics, and, finally, by protein biomarkers that highlight the extravasation and distant metastatic invasion. Proteomics technologies are producing important data in breast cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers discovery and validation, are detecting genetic aberrations at the proteome level, describing functional and regulatory pathways and emphasizing specific protein and peptide profiles in human tissues, biological fluids, cell lines and animal models. Also, proteomics can identify different breast cancer subtypes and specific protein and proteoform expression, can assess the efficacy of cancer therapies at cellular and tissular level and can even identify new therapeutic target proteins in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of IașiCarol I bvd. No. 22, Iași 700505, Romania
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Emma Buonanno
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Avalon Jenkins
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Teodora Alexa-Stratulat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and PharmacyIndependenței bvd. No. 16-18, Iași 700021, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and PharmacyMihail Kogălniceanu Street No. 9-13, Iași 700454, Romania
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
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14
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Akhlaghipour I, Bina AR, Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. Methylation as a critical epigenetic process during tumor progressions among Iranian population: an overview. Genes Environ 2021; 43:14. [PMID: 33883026 PMCID: PMC8059047 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main health challenges and leading causes of deaths in the world. Various environmental and genetic risk factors are associated with tumorigenesis. Epigenetic deregulations are also important risk factors during tumor progression which are reversible transcriptional alterations without any genomic changes. Various mechanisms are involved in epigenetic regulations such as DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, and noncoding RNAs. Cancer incidence and mortality have a growing trend during last decades among Iranian population which are significantly related to the late diagnosis. Therefore, it is required to prepare efficient molecular diagnostic panels for the early detection of cancer in this population. Promoter hyper methylation is frequently observed as an inhibitory molecular mechanism in various genes associated with DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis during tumor progression. Since aberrant promoter methylations have critical roles in early stages of neoplastic transformations, in present review we have summarized all of the aberrant methylations which have been reported during tumor progression among Iranian cancer patients. Aberrant promoter methylations are targetable and prepare novel therapeutic options for the personalized medicine in cancer patients. This review paves the way to introduce a non-invasive methylation specific panel of diagnostic markers for the early detection of cancer among Iranians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Bina
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of breast cancer MCF-7 / Taxol cells with MeDIP-Seq. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241515. [PMID: 33306680 PMCID: PMC7732127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed tumor in women worldwide. Although the combination of surgery and Taxol chemotherapy can achieve a certain therapeutic effect, patients often develop drug-resistance, resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is significative to seek the molecular mechanism of chemotherapy resistance. Recent studies have found that abnormal epigenetic regulation in breast cells changes the expression of key genes, which can lead to the occurrence, development, and maintenance of cancer, even related to the development of drug-resistance. Therefore, in this study, we performed methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (MeDIP-seq) to reveal the difference in methylation between breast cancer drug-resistant cells and sensitive cells. A total of 55076 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were detected, including 21061 hypermethylated DMGs and 34015 hypomethylated DMGs. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and KEGG pathway analysis reveal the function and pathway of screening genes. These results indicate that DNA methylation may be involved in regulating the occurrence and development of breast cancer.
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16
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Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) induce epigenetic alterations and promote human breast cell carcinogenesis in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3893-3906. [PMID: 32700164 PMCID: PMC7603464 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene–environment interactions are involved in the development of breast cancer, the tumor type that accounts for the majority of the cancer-related deaths among women. Here, we demonstrate that exposure to PFOS (10 µM) and PFOA (100 µM)—two contaminants ubiquitously found in human blood—for 72 h induced breast epithelial cell (MCF-10A cell line) proliferation and alteration of regulatory cell-cycle proteins (cyclin D1, CDK6, p21, p53, p27, ERK 1/2 and p38) that persisted after a multitude of cell divisions. The contaminants also promoted cell migration and invasion by reducing the levels of E-cadherin, occludin and β-integrin in the unexposed daughter cells. The compounds further induced an increase in global DNA methylation and differentially altered histone modifications, epigenetic mechanisms implicated in tumorigenesis. This mechanistic evidence for PFOS- and PFOA-induced malignant transformation of human breast cells supports a role of these abundant contaminants in the development and progression of breast cancer. Increased knowledge of contaminant-induced effects and their contribution to breast tumorigenesis is important for a better understanding of gene–environment interactions in the etiology of breast cancer.
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17
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Pang MYH, Sun X, Ausió J, Ishibashi T. Histone H4 variant, H4G, drives ribosomal RNA transcription and breast cancer cell proliferation by loosening nucleolar chromatin structure. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9601-9608. [PMID: 32385931 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hominidae-specific histone variant H4G is expressed in breast cancer patients in a stage-dependent manner. H4G localizes primarily in the nucleoli via its interaction with nucleophosmin (NPM1). H4G is involved in rDNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis, which facilitates breast cancer cell proliferation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unknown. Here, we show that H4G is not stably incorporated into nucleolar chromatin, even with the chaperoning assistance of NPM1. H4G likely form transient nucleosome-like-structure that undergoes rapid dissociation. In addition, the nucleolar chromatin in H4GKO cells is more compact than WT cells. Altogether, our results suggest that H4G relaxes the nucleolar chromatin and enhances rRNA transcription by forming destabilized nucleosome in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Y H Pang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Xulun Sun
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Juan Ausió
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Toyotaka Ishibashi
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
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18
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Biochemical study on modifying role of variants of leptin gene and its receptor on serum leptin levels in breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3807-3820. [PMID: 32279213 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The leptin is discharged from breast adipose tissue and is overexpressed in breast cancer (BC). Conflicting relation of leptin with BC was reported. We investigated this association and its impact on leptin level and disease characteristics. The study included 70 females (40 women with pathological proof of invasive BC patients and 30 controls). LEP and LEPR polymorphisms were evaluated by real-time PCR. Serum leptin was estimated by ELISA. Both LEPR and LEP disturbances increase the danger of BC where GG genotype and G allele frequencies of LEPR were higher in patients vs. control. GG genotype increases BC risk with OR (9.1) while G allele predisposes to disease with OR (3.8). Furthermore, LEP A allele was uniquely elevated in patients than healthy ones with OR (2.06). Precise relation of circulating leptin and its polymorphisms with predicting BC may authorize its utilization in early screening.
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19
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Rasekhian M, Tavallaei O, Marzbany M. Combinational treatments for breast cancer. JOURNAL OF REPORTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_89_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Long M, Sun X, Shi W, Yanru A, Leung STC, Ding D, Cheema MS, MacPherson N, Nelson CJ, Ausio J, Yan Y, Ishibashi T. A novel histone H4 variant H4G regulates rDNA transcription in breast cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:8399-8409. [PMID: 31219579 PMCID: PMC6895281 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone variants, present in various cell types and tissues, are known to exhibit different functions. For example, histone H3.3 and H2A.Z are both involved in gene expression regulation, whereas H2A.X is a specific variant that responds to DNA double-strand breaks. In this study, we characterized H4G, a novel hominidae-specific histone H4 variant. We found that H4G is expressed in a variety of human cell lines and exhibit tumor-stage dependent overexpression in tissues from breast cancer patients. We found that H4G localized primarily to the nucleoli of the cell nucleus. This localization was controlled by the interaction of the alpha-helix 3 of the histone fold motif with a histone chaperone, nucleophosmin 1. In addition, we found that modulating H4G expression affects rRNA expression levels, protein synthesis rates and cell-cycle progression. Our data suggest that H4G expression alters nucleolar chromatin in a way that enhances rDNA transcription in breast cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Long
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Xulun Sun
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Wenjin Shi
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - An Yanru
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Sophia T C Leung
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Dongbo Ding
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Manjinder S Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Nicol MacPherson
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Vancouver Island Centre, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Christopher J Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Juan Ausio
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Yan Yan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Toyotaka Ishibashi
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
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Moghazy TF, ElAttar HA, Eldeeb MK, Rashad RM, Farouk AM, Farag AM. Methylation of Glutathione-S-Transferase P1 Promotor in Egyptian Females with Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2523-2530. [PMID: 31450928 PMCID: PMC6852835 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.8.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer after the lung cancer worldwide and number one killing cancer in Egyptian females . It is a multifactorial disease driven by different environmental, hormonal, genetic and epigenetic factors. Epigenetic alterations have been studied in cancer breast. Role of GSTP1 promotor methylation in breast cancer has been studied in different ethnic groups. Objectives: Current study aimed at studying the methylation status of the promotor region of glutathione-S-transferase P1 in breast ductal carcinoma of a cohort group of Egyptian females and its correlations with histopathological and prognostic parameters. Methods: Control group included 15 fresh normal breast tissues taken from BC female patients after leaving a clearly defined safety margin and a Patient group included confirmed 35 fresh breast ductal carcinoma tissue biopsies taken from female patients postoperatively. To all patients clinical examination, radiological examination (plain X-ray chest and or CT scan, ultrasonography of abdomen and pelvis were done), in addition to histopathological examination, typing, grading and staging of tumour, hormonal receptors status and molecular typing of breast mass. GSTP1 methylation status was evaluated using methyl specific polymerase chain reaction. Results: Statistical significant increase was found in methylation status of GSTP1 promotor gene in BC cases than that in control group, (60% of patients samples had methylated GSTP1 promotor vs only 6.7% of controls) (p= >0.001). No association was found between GSTP1 promotor methylation status and the poor prognostic factors neither with hormonal profile nor molecular type. However, GSTP1 promotor methylation were two times higher in postmenopausal than premenopausal cases and three times higher in late grade (III). Also GSTP1 promotor methylation was 2.4 times higher in Her2 positive cases than either ER or PR positive cases. Conclusion: Glutathione-S-Transferase P1 Promotor methylation plays a role in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaa Fathy Moghazy
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Hoda Aly ElAttar
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Mona Kamal Eldeeb
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Radwa Mohammed Rashad
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Mohamed Farouk
- Department of Clinical and Rxperimental Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Assmaa Mostafa Farag
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt.
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Regulation of Immunity in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081080. [PMID: 31366131 PMCID: PMC6721298 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer affects millions of women worldwide, leading to many deaths and significant economic burden. Although there are numerous treatment options available, the huge potentials of immunotherapy in the management of localized and metastatic breast cancer is currently being explored. However, there are significant gaps in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and breast cancer. The immune system can be pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic depending on the cells involved and the conditions of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of breast cancer, including treatment options. We also give a brief overview of the immune system and comprehensively highlight the roles of different cells of the immune system in breast tumorigenesis, including recent research discoveries. Lastly, we discuss some immunotherapeutic strategies for the management of breast cancer.
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23
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Yang M, Du X, Zhang F, Yuan S. Association between BRCA1 polymorphisms rs799917 and rs1799966 and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:1409-1416. [PMID: 30832521 PMCID: PMC6460623 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519826819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have reported correlations between BRCA1 polymorphisms rs799917 and rs1799966 with the risk of breast cancer (BC). However, this relationship remains controversial. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of seven studies to assess the associations between BRCA1 rs799917 and rs1799966 and BC risk, with the aim of more accurately determining the potential correlation. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to evaluate the correlation of rs799917 and rs1799966 with BC risk. Results There was no overall correlation between BRCA1 rs799917 and BC risk (TT vs CC: OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.66–1.16; CT vs CC: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.89–1.15; dominant model: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.88–1.11; recessive model: OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.65–1.16). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity also revealed no significant correlation between rs799917 and BC risk in either Asians or Caucasians. There was also no significant association between BRCA1 rs1799966 and BC risk (GG vs AA: OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.33–1.47; AG vs AA: OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.35–1.30; dominant model: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.49–1.06; recessive model: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.49–1.36). Conclusion BRCA1polymorphisms rs799917 and rs1799966 were not significantly associated with BC risk in this meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiming Yang
- 1 Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- 2 Department of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- 2 Department of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shifang Yuan
- 1 Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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24
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Diagnostic utility of epigenetics in breast cancer - A review. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2019; 19:100125. [PMID: 30802811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2019.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are clearly involved in cancer initiation and progression as recent epigenetic studies of genomic DNA, histone modifications and micro-RNA alterations suggest that these are playing an important role in the incidence of breast cancer. Epigenetic information has recently gained the attention of researchers because epigenetic modification of the genome in breast cancer is still an evolving area for researchers. Several active compounds present in foods, poisons, drugs, and industrial chemicals may as a result of epigenetic mechanisms increase or decrease the risk of breast cancer. Epigenetic regulation is critical in normal growth and development and closely conditions the transcriptional potential of genes. Epigenetic mechanisms convey genomic adaption to an environment thereby ultimately contributing towards given phenotype. In addition to the use of epigenetic alterations as a means of screening, epigenetic alterations in a tumor or adjacent tissues or peripheral blood may also help clinicians in determining prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. As we understand specific epigenetic alterations contributing to breast tumorigenesis and prognosis, these discoveries will lead to significant advances for breast cancer treatment, like in therapeutics that target methylation and histone modifications in breast cancer and the newer versions of the drugs are likely to play an important role in future clinical treatment.
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Yu Y, Qi J, Xiong J, Jiang L, Cui D, He J, Chen P, Li L, Wu C, Ma T, Shao S, Wang J, Yu D, Zhou B, Huang D, Schmitt CA, Tao R. Epigenetic Co-Deregulation of EZH2/TET1 is a Senescence-Countering, Actionable Vulnerability in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:761-777. [PMID: 30809307 PMCID: PMC6376470 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells lack the expression of ER, PR and HER2. Thus, TNBC patients cannot benefit from hormone receptor-targeted therapy as non-TNBC patients, but can only receive chemotherapy as the systemic treatment and have a worse overall outcome. More effective therapeutic targets and combination therapy strategies are urgently needed to improve the treatment effectiveness. Methods: We analyzed the expression levels of EZH2 and TET1 in TCGA and our own breast cancer patient cohort, and tested their correlation with patient survival. We used TNBC and non-TNBC cell lines and mouse xenograft tumor model to unveil novel EZH2 targets and investigated the effect of EZH2 inhibition or TET1 overexpression in cell proliferation and viability of TNBC cells. Results: In TNBC cells, EZH2 decreases TET1 expression by H3K27me3 epigenetic regulation and subsequently suppresses anti-tumor p53 signaling pathway. Patients with high EZH2 and low TET1 presented the poorest survival outcome. Experimentally, targeting EZH2 in TNBC cells with specific inhibitor GSK343 or shRNA genetic approach could induce cell cycle arrest and senescence by elevating TET1 expression and p53 pathway activation. Using mouse xenograft model, we have tested a novel therapy strategy to combine GSK343 and chemotherapy drug Adriamycin and could show drastic and robust inhibition of TNBC tumor growth by synergistic induction of senescence and apoptosis. Conclusions: We postulate that the well-controlled dynamic pathway EZH2-H3K27me3-TET1 is a novel epigenetic co-regulator module and provide evidence regarding how to exploit it as a novel therapeutic target via its pivotal role in senescence and apoptosis control. Of clinical and therapeutic significance, the present study opens a new avenue for TNBC treatment by targeting the EZH2-H3K27me3-TET1 pathway that can modulate the epigenetic landscape.
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Haque MM, Desai KV. Pathways to Endocrine Therapy Resistance in Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:573. [PMID: 31496995 PMCID: PMC6712962 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers with positive expression of Estrogen Receptor (ER+) are treated with anti-hormone/endocrine therapy which targets the activity of the receptor, the half-life of the receptor or the availability of estrogen. This has significantly decreased mortality in women with ER+ breast cancer, however, about 25-30% of treated women run the risk or recurrence due to either intrinsic or acquired resistance to endocrine therapies. While ER itself is a predictor of response to such therapies, there exists a need to find more biomarkers and novel targets to treat resistant tumors. In this review, we summarize the known mechanisms and describe the ability of genomics in unraveling rare mutations and gene rearrangements that may impact the development of resistance and therefore treatment of ER+ breast cancer in the near future.
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Shukla S, Penta D, Mondal P, Meeran SM. Epigenetics of Breast Cancer: Clinical Status of Epi-drugs and Phytochemicals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:293-310. [PMID: 31456191 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to alterations in gene expression due to differential histone modifications and DNA methylation at promoter sites of genes. Epigenetic alterations are reversible and are heritable during somatic cell division, but do not involve changes in nucleotide sequence. Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in normal growth and embryonic development by controlling transcriptional activities of several genes. In last two decades, these modifications have been well recognized to be involved in tumor initiation and progression, which has motivated many investigators to incorporate this novel field in cancer drug development. Recently, growing number of epigenetic changes have been reported that are involved in the regulations of genes involved in breast tumor growth and metastasis. Drugs possessing epigenetic modulatory activities known as epi-drugs, mainly the inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Some of these drugs are undergoing different clinical trials for breast cancer treatment. Several phytochemicals such as green tea polyphenols, curcumin, genistein, resveratrol and sulforaphane have also been shown to alter epigenetic modifications in multiple cancer types including breast cancer. In this chapter, we summarize the role of epigenetic changes in breast cancer progression and metastasis. We have also discussed about various epigenetic modulators possessing chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriddhi Shukla
- Department of Paediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dhanamjai Penta
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Priya Mondal
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India.
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28
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Wu YS, Lee ZY, Chuah LH, Mai CW, Ngai SC. Epigenetics in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Its Regulation and Implications in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutics. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 19:82-100. [PMID: 29714144 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180430130248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment regimen, the high incidence rate of breast cancer (BC) deaths is mostly caused by metastasis. Recently, the aberrant epigenetic modifications, which involve DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNA (miRNA) regulations become attractive targets to treat metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In this review, the epigenetic alterations of DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA regulations in regulating MBC are discussed. The preclinical and clinical trials of epigenetic drugs such as the inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase (DNMTi) and the inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDACi), as a single or combined regimen with other epigenetic drug or standard chemotherapy drug to treat MBCs are discussed. The combined regimen of epigenetic drugs or with standard chemotherapy drugs enhance the therapeutic effect against MBC. Evidences that epigenetic changes could have implications in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics for MBC are also presented. Several genes have been identified as potential epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as therapeutic targets for MBC. Endeavors in clinical trials of epigenetic drugs against MBC should be continued although limited success has been achieved. Future discovery of epigenetic drugs from natural resources would be an attractive natural treatment regimen for MBC. Further research is warranted in translating research into clinical practice with the ultimate goal of treating MBC by epigenetic therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Seng Wu
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhong Yang Lee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chun Wai Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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29
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Zhang T, Li J, Ma X, Yang Y, Sun W, Jin W, Wang L, He Y, Yang F, Yi Z, Hua Y, Liu M, Chen Y, Cai Z. Inhibition of HDACs-EphA2 Signaling Axis with WW437 Demonstrates Promising Preclinical Antitumor Activity in Breast Cancer. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:276-286. [PMID: 29759486 PMCID: PMC6013969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are small molecules targeting epigenetic enzymes approved for hematologic neoplasms, which have also demonstrated clinical activities in solid tumors. In our present study, we screened our internal compound library and discovered a novel HDACi, WW437, with potent anti-breast cancer ability in vitro and in vivo. WW437 significantly inhibited phosphorylated EphA2 and EphA2 expression. Further study demonstrated WW437 blocked HDACs-EphA2 signaling axis in breast cancer. In parallel, we found that EphA2 expression positively correlates with breast cancer progression; and combined use of WW437 and an EphA2 inhibitor (ALW-II-41-27) exerted more remarkable effect on breast cancer growth than either drug alone. Our findings suggested inhibition of HDACs-EphA2 signaling axis with WW437 alone or in combination with other agents may be a promising therapeutic strategy for advanced breast cancer. WW437 is a novel HDACi, which displays potent anticancer activity in breast cancer. HDACs-EphA2 signaling axis represents a novel target in breast cancer. WW437 is a promising therapeutic agent for advanced breast cancer, alone or in combination with EphA2 inhibitor.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are small molecules targeting epigenetic enzymes approved for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, which have also demonstrated clinical activities in solid tumors, including lung cancer and breast cancer. Herein we report a novel HDACi WW437, which displays potent anticancer activity in both cultured cancer cells and xenograft models. Importantly, our work reveals WW437 significantly blocked the HDACs-EphA2 signaling axis in breast cancer. WW437 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on tumor growth and metastases with little toxicity, and tumors from treated mice showed decreased EphA2 expression, suggesting that EphA2 may be a useful biomarker of response to WW437. We also found that EphA2 expression positively correlates with tumor progression in aggressive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Jingjie Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Wangrui Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- School of biological science and technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong Province 250022, China
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai 201620, China.
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30
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Zakhari S, Hoek JB. Epidemiology of Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer: Association or Causation? Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E349. [PMID: 30249004 PMCID: PMC6210419 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have been used to show associations between modifiable lifestyle habits and the incidence of breast cancer. Among such factors, a history of alcohol use has been reported in multiple studies and meta-analyses over the past decades. However, associative epidemiological studies that were interpreted as evidence that even moderate alcohol consumption increases breast cancer incidence have been controversial. In this review, we consider the literature on the relationship between moderate or heavy alcohol use, both in possible biological mechanisms and in variations in susceptibility due to genetic or epigenetic factors. We argue that there is a need to incorporate additional approaches to move beyond the associations that are reported in traditional epidemiological analyses and incorporate information on molecular pathologic signatures as a requirement to posit causal inferences. In particular, we point to the efforts of the transdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) to evaluate possible causal relationships, if any, of alcohol consumption and breast cancer. A wider application of the principles of MPE to this field would constitute a giant step that could enhance our understanding of breast cancer and multiple modifiable risk factors, a step that would be particularly suited to the era of "personalized medicine".
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Zakhari
- Science Office, Distilled Spirits Council, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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31
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Williams KE, Jawale RM, Schneider SS, Otis CN, Pentecost BT, Arcaro KF. DNA methylation in breast cancers: Differences based on estrogen receptor status and recurrence. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:738-755. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E. Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Massachusetts –Amherst Amherst Massachusetts
| | - Rahul M. Jawale
- Department of Pathology Baystate Medical Center Springfield Massachusetts
| | - Sallie S. Schneider
- Biospecimen Resource and Molecular Analysis Facility Baystate Medical Center Springfield Massachusetts
| | | | - Brian T. Pentecost
- Division of Translational Medicine Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health Albany New York
| | - Kathleen F. Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Massachusetts – Amherst Amherst Massachusetts
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32
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Liu W, Wu J, Shi G, Yue X, Liu D, Zhang Q. Aberrant promoter methylation of PCDH10 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4462-4470. [PMID: 30214581 PMCID: PMC6126325 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protocadherin-10 (PCDH10) is a tumor suppressor gene. Its expression level is downregulated by promoter methylation in certain types of human tumors. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression level and promoter methylation status of PCDH10 in breast cancer cells and to evaluate the association of PCDH10 methylation and tumor progression and prognosis. MethyLight was used to detect the methylation status of PCDH10 in breast cancer tissues and healthy breast tissues. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression level of PCDH10, as well as to evaluate the association between PCDH10 methylation and clinicopathological features, along with patients' overall survival (OS). PCDH10 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' (CpG) methylated sites were identified in tumor tissues and matched healthy tissues (n=392). Tumor tissues and matched healthy tissues exhibited identifiable PCR results, with PCDH10 gene promoter methylation identified in ductal carcinoma in situ (66%), invasive ductal carcinoma (82%), invasive ductal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis (85.32%) and hereditary breast cancer tissues (72.37%). PCDH10 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in breast cancer tissues compared with healthy breast tissues (P=0.032). PCDH10 methylation was associated with tumor size (P=0.004), but not associated with other clinical factors. Survival analysis revealed that the patients exhibiting methylated-PCDH10 had significantly poorer OS times than patients exhibiting unmethylated-PCDH10 (P<0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 62.5%, and an area under the curve of 0.682 for PCDH10. Additionally, the results of the present study indicated that PCDH10 methylation status may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic evaluation biomarker for breast cancer. The results suggested that PCDH10 methylation is a common occurrence in primary breast cancer and is associated with poor survival rates among patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Guangyue Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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33
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Bae JM. Researches of Epigenetic Epidemiology for Infections and Radiation as Carcinogen. J Prev Med Public Health 2018; 51:169-172. [PMID: 30071703 PMCID: PMC6078917 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.18.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a number of studies have been reported on the various types of cancer arising from epigenetic alterations, including reports that these epigenetic alterations occur as a result of radiation exposure or infection. Thyroid cancer and breast cancer, in particular, have high cancer burden, and it has been confirmed that radiation exposure or onco-viral infection are linked to increased risk of development of these two types of cancer, respectively. Thus, the environment-epigenetic alteration-cancer occurrence (EEC) hypothesis has been suggested. This paper reviews the trends in research supporting this hypothesis for radiation exposure and onco-viral infection. If more evidences accumulate for the EEC hypothesis from future research, those findings may greatly aid in the prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the thyroid cancer and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Myon Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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34
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Kotula-Balak M, Milon A, Pawlicki P, Opydo-Chanek M, Pacwa A, Lesniak K, Sekula M, Zarzycka M, Bubka M, Tworzydlo W, Bilinska B, Hejmej A. Insights into the role of estrogen-related receptors α, β and γ in tumor Leydig cells. Tissue Cell 2018; 52:78-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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Jiang T, Hoover ME, Holt MV, Freitas MA, Marshall AG, Young NL. Middle-Down Characterization of the Cell Cycle Dependence of Histone H4 Posttranslational Modifications and Proteoforms. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700442. [PMID: 29667342 PMCID: PMC8087174 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones are important epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that are often dysregulated in cancer. We employ middle-down proteomics to investigate the PTMs and proteoforms of histone H4 during cell cycle progression. We use pH gradient weak cation exchange-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (WCX-HILIC) for on-line liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis to separate and analyze the proteoforms of histone H4. This procedure provides enhanced separation of proteoforms, including positional isomers, and simplifies downstream data analysis. We use ultrahigh mass accuracy and resolution Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer to unambiguously distinguish between acetylation and tri-methylation (∆m = 0.036 Da). In total, we identify and quantify 233 proteoforms of histone H4 in two breast cancer cell lines. We observe significant increases in S1 phosphorylation during mitosis, implicating an important role in mitotic chromatin condensation. A decrease of K20 unmodified proteoforms is observed as the cell cycle progresses, corresponding to an increase of K20 mono- and di-methylation. Acetylation at K5, K8, K12, and K16 declines as cells traverse from S phase to mitosis, suggesting cell cycle-dependence and an important role during chromatin replication and condensation. These new insights into the epigenetics of the cell cycle may provide new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Michael E Hoover
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Matthew V Holt
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Freitas
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alan G Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Nicolas L Young
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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36
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Targeting the Epigenome as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:287-313. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Singla H, Ludhiadch A, Kaur RP, Chander H, Kumar V, Munshi A. Recent advances in HER2 positive breast cancer epigenetics: Susceptibility and therapeutic strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:316-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Sun L, Li B, Su X, Chen G, Li Y, Yu L, Li L, Wei W. An Ursolic Acid Derived Small Molecule Triggers Cancer Cell Death through Hyperstimulation of Macropinocytosis. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6638-6648. [PMID: 28678485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a transient endocytosis that internalizes extracellular fluid and particles into vacuoles. Recent studies suggest that hyperstimulation of macropinocytosis can induce a novel nonapoptotic cell death, methuosis. In this report, we describe the identification of an ursolic acid derived small molecule (compound 17), which induces cancer cell death through hyperstimulation of macropinocytosis. 17 causes the accumulation of vacuoles derived from macropinosomes based on transmission electron microscopy, time-lapse microscopy, and labeling with extracellular fluid phase tracers. The vacuoles induced by 17 separate from other cytoplasmic compartments but acquire some characteristics of late endosomes and lysosomes. Inhibiting hyperstimulation of macropinocytosis with the specific inhibitor amiloride blocks cell death, implicating that 17 leads to cell death via macropinocytosis, which is coincident with methuosis. Our results uncovered a novel cell death pathway involved in the activity of 17, which may provide a basis for further development of natural-product-derived scaffolds for drugs that trigger cancer cell death by methuosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaohui Su
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ge Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yaqin Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Linqian Yu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wanguo Wei
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
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39
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Abdel-Hafiz HA. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Tamoxifen Resistance in Luminal Breast Cancer. Diseases 2017; 5:E16. [PMID: 28933369 PMCID: PMC5622332 DOI: 10.3390/diseases5030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cancer is the most frequent subtype representing more than 70% of breast cancers. These tumors respond to endocrine therapy targeting the ER pathway including selective ER modulators (SERMs), selective ER downregulators (SERDs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). However, resistance to endocrine therapy associated with disease progression remains a significant therapeutic challenge. The precise mechanisms of endocrine resistance remain unclear. This is partly due to the complexity of the signaling pathways that influence the estrogen-mediated regulation in breast cancer. Mechanisms include ER modifications, alteration of coregulatory function and modification of growth factor signaling pathways. In this review, we provide an overview of epigenetic mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive luminal breast cancer. We highlight the effect of epigenetic changes on some of the key mechanisms involved in tamoxifen resistance, such as tumor-cell heterogeneity, ER signaling pathway and cancer stem cells (CSCs). It became increasingly recognized that CSCs are playing an important role in driving metastasis and tamoxifen resistance. Understanding the mechanism of tamoxifen resistance will provide insight into the design of novel strategies to overcome the resistance and make further improvements in breast cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A Abdel-Hafiz
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Ms 8106 PO Box 6511, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, Denver, CO 80010, USA; Tel.: +1-303-724-1013; Fax: +1-303-724-3920.
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40
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Ratovitski EA. Anticancer Natural Compounds as Epigenetic Modulators of Gene Expression. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:175-205. [PMID: 28367075 PMCID: PMC5345332 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803165229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that hallmarks of cancer include: "genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to inactivation of cancer suppressors, overexpression of oncogenes, deregulation of intracellular signaling cascades, alterations of cancer cell metabolism, failure to undergo cancer cell death, induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasiveness, metastasis, deregulation of immune response and changes in cancer microenvironment, which underpin cancer development". Natural compounds as bioactive ingredients isolated from natural sources (plants, fungi, marine life forms) have revolutionized the field of anticancer therapeutics and rapid developments in preclinical studies are encouraging. Natural compounds could affect the epigenetic molecular mechanisms that modulate gene expression, as well as DNA damage and repair mechanisms. The current review will describe the latest achievements in using naturally produced compounds targeting epigenetic regulators and modulators of gene transcription in vitro and in vivo to generate novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Ratovitski
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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41
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Merkulov VM, Merkulova TI, Bondar NP. Mechanisms of Brain Glucocorticoid Resistance in Stress-Induced Psychopathologies. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:351-365. [PMID: 28320277 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and leads to increased levels of glucocorticoid (GC) hormones. Prolonged elevation of GC levels causes neuronal dysfunction, decreases the density of synapses, and impairs neuronal plasticity. Decreased sensitivity to glucocorticoids (glucocorticoid resistance) that develops as a result of chronic stress is one of the characteristic features of stress-induced psychopathologies. In this article, we reviewed the published data on proposed molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of glucocorticoid resistance in brain, including changes in the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene, biosynthesis of GR isoforms, and GR posttranslational modifications. We also present data on alterations in the expression of the FKBP5 gene encoding the main component of cell ultra-short negative feedback loop of GC signaling regulation. Recent discoveries on stress- and GR-induced changes in epigenetic modification patterns as well as normalizing action of antidepressants are discussed. GR and FKBP5 gene polymorphisms associated with stress-induced psychopathologies are described, and their role in glucocorticoid resistance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Merkulov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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42
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Karabulut S, Kaya Z, Amuran GG, Peker I, Özmen T, Gūllūoḡlu BM, Kaya H, Erzik C, Ōzer A, Akkiprik M. Correlation between the DNA methylation and gene expression of IGFBP5 in breast cancer. Breast Dis 2017; 36:123-131. [PMID: 27612043 DOI: 10.3233/bd-160234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin-like growth factor binding protein5 (IGFBP5) is often dysregulated in human cancers and considered neither a tumor suppressor nor an oncogene. OBJECTIVE We aim to examine the reason of the changeable gene regulation of IGFBP5 in the case of methylation in breast cancer. METHODS We used methyl-specific polymerase (MSP) chain reaction to detect CpG methylation of IGFBP5 promoter and exon-I in breast cancer and adjacent tissues. Gene expression is evaluated by quantative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS IGFBP5 methylation was detected in 24 of 58 (41%) and 54 of 56 (96.5%) promoter and exon-I site respectively in tumor tissues. In adjacent tissues 17 of 58 (29%) and 53 of 56 (96.5%) was methylated. IGFBP5 expression was higher estrogene receptor (ER)(+) than ER(-) patients (p = 0.0549). Beside, we found a positive correlation between the expression of IGFBP5 and G2 tumor grade (p = 0.0131). However, no correlation was observed between IGFBP5 expression and age, menopause or the presence of lymph node metastasis (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results showed that IGFBP5 promoter and exon-I methylation did not have any differences between tumor and adjacent tissues so that IGFBP5 methylation did not change IGFBP5 gene regulation in breast cancer. This is the first study investigating the IGFBP5 gene methylation in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Karabulut
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey.,Bayburt University, Health Services Vocational School, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Zehra Kaya
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey.,Yüzüncü Yıl University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Van, Turkey
| | - Gökçe Gūllū Amuran
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Peker
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tolga Özmen
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, General Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahadır M Gūllūoḡlu
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, General Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Handan Kaya
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Pathology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Erzik
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Ōzer
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akkiprik
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
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43
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Breast tumor DNA methylation patterns associated with smoking in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 163:349-361. [PMID: 28275920 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tobacco smoking is a risk factor in several cancers, yet its roles as a putative etiologic exposure or poor prognostic factor in breast cancer are less clear. Altered DNA methylation contributes to breast cancer development and may provide a mechanistic link between smoking and gene expression changes leading to cancer development or progression. METHODS Using a cancer-focused array, we examined methylation at 933 CpGs in 517 invasive breast tumors in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study to determine whether methylation patterns differ by exposure to tobacco smoke. Multivariable generalized linear regression models were used to compare tumor methylation profiles between smokers and never smokers, overall, or stratified on hormone receptor (HR) status. RESULTS Modest differences in CpG methylation were detected at p < 0.05 in breast tumors from current or ever smokers compared with never smokers. In stratified analyses, HR- tumors from smokers exhibited primarily hypomethylation compared with tumors from never smokers; hypomethylation was similarly detected within the more homogeneous basal-like subtype. Most current smoking-associated CpG loci exhibited methylation levels in former smokers that were intermediate between those in current and never smokers and exhibited progressive changes in methylation with increasing duration of smoking. Among former smokers, restoration of methylation toward baseline (never smoking) levels was observed with increasing time since quitting. Moreover, smoking-related hypermethylation was stronger in HR+ breast tumors from blacks than in whites. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that breast tumor methylation patterns differ with tobacco smoke exposure; however, additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Singhal SK, Usmani N, Michiels S, Metzger-Filho O, Saini KS, Kovalchuk O, Parliament M. Towards understanding the breast cancer epigenome: a comparison of genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression data. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3002-17. [PMID: 26657508 PMCID: PMC4823086 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Until recently, an elevated disease risk has been ascribed to a genetic predisposition, however, exciting progress over the past years has discovered alternate elements of inheritance that involve epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic changes are heritably stable alterations that include DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA-mediated silencing. Aberrant DNA methylation is a common molecular basis for a number of important human diseases, including breast cancer. Changes in DNA methylation profoundly affect global gene expression patterns. What is emerging is a more dynamic and complex association between DNA methylation and gene expression than previously believed. Although many tools have already been developed for analyzing genome-wide gene expression data, tools for analyzing genome-wide DNA methylation have not yet reached the same level of refinement. Here we provide an in-depth analysis of DNA methylation in parallel with gene expression data characteristics and describe the particularities of low-level and high-level analyses of DNA methylation data. Low-level analysis refers to pre-processing of methylation data (i.e. normalization, transformation and filtering), whereas high-level analysis is focused on illustrating the application of the widely used class comparison, class prediction and class discovery methods to DNA methylation data. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of DNA methylation on gene expression by measuring the correlation between the degree of CpG methylation and the level of expression and to explore the pattern of methylation as a function of the promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Singhal
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nawaid Usmani
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Stefan Michiels
- Service de Biostatistique et d'Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,INSERM U1018, CESP, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Otto Metzger-Filho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Canada Cancer and Aging Research Laboratories Ltd., Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Matthew Parliament
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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45
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Rodrigues MFSD, Esteves CM, Xavier FCA, Nunes FD. Methylation status of homeobox genes in common human cancers. Genomics 2016; 108:185-193. [PMID: 27826049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 300 homeobox loci were identified in the euchromatic regions of the human genome, of which 235 are probable functional genes and 65 are likely pseudogenes. Many of these genes play important roles in embryonic development and cell differentiation. Dysregulation of homeobox gene expression is a frequent occurrence in cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that as genetics disorders, epigenetic modifications alter the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes driving tumorigenesis and perhaps play a more central role in the evolution and progression of this disease. Here, we described the current knowledge regarding homeobox gene DNA methylation in human cancer and describe its relevance in the diagnosis, therapeutic response and prognosis of different types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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46
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Abdelmagid SA, MacKinnon JL, Janssen SM, Ma DWL. Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Exercise in Breast Cancer Prevention: Identifying Common Targets. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 9:71-84. [PMID: 27812288 PMCID: PMC5089819 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s39043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and exercise are recognized as important lifestyle factors that significantly influence breast cancer risk. In particular, dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to play an important role in breast cancer prevention. Growing evidence also demonstrates a role for exercise in cancer and chronic disease prevention. However, the potential synergistic effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise is yet to be determined. This review explores targets for breast cancer prevention that are common between n-3 PUFA intake and exercise and that may be important study outcomes for future research investigating the combined effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise. These lines of evidence highlight potential new avenues for research and strategies for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Abdelmagid
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica L MacKinnon
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah M Janssen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Karsli-Ceppioglu S. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Psychiatric Diseases and Epigenetic Therapy. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:407-413. [PMID: 27594444 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Epigenetic mechanisms refer covalent modification of DNA and histone proteins that control transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Epigenetic regulation is involved in the development of the nervous system and plays an important role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, including depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Epigenetic drugs, including histone deacetylation and DNA methylation inhibitors have received increased attention for the management of psychiatric diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential of epigenetic drugs to treat these disorders and to clarify the mechanisms by which they regulate the dysfunctional genes in the brain. Drug Dev Res 77 : 407-413, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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48
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Cockburn JG, Hallett RM, Gillgrass AE, Dias KN, Whelan T, Levine MN, Hassell JA, Bane A. The effects of lymph node status on predicting outcome in ER+ /HER2- tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients using gene signatures. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:555. [PMID: 27469239 PMCID: PMC4964078 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymph node (LN) status is the most important prognostic variable used to guide ER positive (+) breast cancer treatment. While a positive nodal status is traditionally associated with a poor prognosis, a subset of these patients respond well to treatment and achieve long-term survival. Several gene signatures have been established as a means of predicting outcome of breast cancer patients, but the development and indication for use of these assays varies. Here we compare the capacity of two approved gene signatures and a third novel signature to predict outcome in distinct LN negative (-) and LN+ populations. We also examine biological differences between tumours associated with LN- and LN+ disease. METHODS Gene expression data from publically available data sets was used to compare the ability of Oncotype DX and Prosigna to predict Distant Metastasis Free Survival (DMFS) using an in silico platform. A novel gene signature (Ellen) was developed by including patients with both LN- and LN+ disease and using Prediction Analysis of Microarrays (PAM) software. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to determine biological pathways associated with patient outcome in both LN- and LN+ tumors. RESULTS The Oncotype DX gene signature, which only used LN- patients during development, significantly predicted outcome in LN- patients, but not LN+ patients. The Prosigna gene signature, which included both LN- and LN+ patients during development, predicted outcome in both LN- and LN+ patient groups. Ellen was also able to predict outcome in both LN- and LN+ patient groups. GSEA suggested that epigenetic modification may be related to poor outcome in LN- disease, whereas immune response may be related to good outcome in LN+ disease. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the importance of incorporating lymph node status during the development of prognostic gene signatures. Ellen may be a useful tool to predict outcome of patients regardless of lymph node status, or for those with unknown lymph node status. Finally we present candidate biological processes, unique to LN- and LN+ disease, that may indicate risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G. Cockburn
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Robin M. Hallett
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Functional Genomics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Amy E. Gillgrass
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kay N. Dias
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - T. Whelan
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M. N. Levine
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - John A. Hassell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Functional Genomics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
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Yan W, Ma X, Gao X, Zhang S. Association Between Leptin (-2548G/A) Genes Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2566. [PMID: 26825898 PMCID: PMC5291568 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a confirmed breast cancer susceptibility gene. However, published studies reported mixed results. This meta-analysis was conducted to systematically get a more accurate estimation of the association between the Leptin (-2548G/A) gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk. To assess the effect of Leptin (-2548G/A) gene polymorphism on breast cancer susceptibility, we searched PUBMED, ISI Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases until September 2015 to identify eligible studies, without restriction. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the susceptibility to breast cancer. Separate analyses were conducted on features of the population such as ethnicity, source of controls, and country. A total of 9 case-control studies on Leptin (-2548G/A) gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk, including 3725 cases and 3093 case-free controls were identified. The results revealed that compared with the G allele, the A allele was associated with modestly increased risk of overall breast cancer (A vs G: OR = 1.12, 95%CI = 1.04-1.20, P = 0.002, Phet P < 0.00001). Following further stratified analyses, in the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, a significantly increased risk was observed among Caucasian (A vs G: OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.03-1.20, P = 0.006, Phet = 0.00001). No publication bias was found in the present study. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that the Leptin (-2548G/A) gene polymorphism plays an important role in breast cancer susceptibility, especially in Caucasian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Yan
- From the Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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50
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Fang C, Wei XM, Zeng XT, Wang FB, Weng H, Long X. Aberrant GSTP1 promoter methylation is associated with increased risk and advanced stage of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of 19 case-control studies. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:920. [PMID: 26585467 PMCID: PMC4653831 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor gene in various types of human cancers. Aberrant methylation of tumor-related genes at the promoter regions can inactivate genes, which is important in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer. However, the role of GSTP1 promoter methylation in the occurrence of breast cancer and its relationship with tumor stage and histological grade has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis to yield a more accurate association. METHODS A systematically literature search was made on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases for eligible studies. The odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated by RevMan 5.2 software. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS Eventually, 17 articles involving 19 case-control studies were included in the present meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled results indicated that aberrant GSTP1 promoter methylation was significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer (OR = 7.85, 95 % CI = 5.12-12.01; Caucasians OR = 7.23, 95 % CI = 3.76-13.90 and Asians OR = 11.71, 95 % CI = 5.69-24.07). Furthermore, our results revealed that GSTP1 promoter methylation was more often observed in late-stage breast cancer patients compared with early-stage ones (OR = 1.84, 95 % CI = 1.32-2.58). However, no significant association was identified between GSTP1 promoter methylation and histological grade (OR = 0.74, 95 % CI = 0.43-1.26). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that GSTP1 promoter methylation probably plays an important role in breast carcinogenesis, which could serve as an effective biomarker for the diagnosis and monitor of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China.
| | - Xue-Mei Wei
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P.R. China.
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China.
| | - Fu-Bing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China.
| | - Hong Weng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China.
| | - Xinghua Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China.
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