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Cummings JR, Gearhardt AN, Ray LA, Choi AK, Tomiyama AJ. Experimental and observational studies on alcohol use and dietary intake: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12950. [PMID: 31691442 PMCID: PMC6981020 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The scientific literature on links among alcohol use, total energy intake, cardiometabolic disease and obesity is conflicting. To clarify the link between alcohol use and cardiometabolic health, this systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42016039308A) uses PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to synthesize how alcohol use affects dietary intake (carbohydrate, fat and protein intake) in humans. A search of Google Scholar, PsycINFO and PubMed from June 2016-March 2019 yielded 30 qualified studies. Experimental and observational studies allowed for inferences about effects of a single drinking occasion and of frequent drinking, respectively. Alcohol quantities were standardized according to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. On average, methodological quality of the studies was medium strength. Results indicated that a single occasion of light and moderate drinking as well as frequent light and moderate drinking were linked to greater fat and protein intake, albeit the majority of studies did not detect differences in dietary intake due to these drinking behaviours. Frequent heavy drinking, on the other hand, was linked to less carbohydrate intake in the majority of studies. Overall, alcohol use does not appear to uniformly affect diet but instead appears to affect intake of specific macronutrients in a dose-dependent manner, most consistently decreasing carbohydrate intake with heavier use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Cummings
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alyssa K Choi
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - A Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Larsen SC, Ängquist L, Østergaard JN, Ahluwalia TS, Vimaleswaran KS, Roswall N, Mortensen LM, Nielsen BM, Tjønneland A, Wareham NJ, Palli D, Masala G, Saris WHM, van der A DL, Boer JMA, Feskens EJM, Boeing H, Jakobsen MU, Loos RJF, Sørensen TIA, Overvad K. Intake of Total and Subgroups of Fat Minimally Affect the Associations between Selected Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the PPARγ Pathway and Changes in Anthropometry among European Adults from Cohorts of the DiOGenes Study. J Nutr 2016; 146:603-11. [PMID: 26865646 PMCID: PMC6217916 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.219675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway is central in adipogenesis, it remains unknown whether it influences change in body weight (BW) and whether dietary fat has a modifying effect on the association. OBJECTIVES We examined whether 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 4 genes in the PPARγ pathway are associated with the OR of being a BW gainer or with annual changes in anthropometry and whether intake of total fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, or saturated fat has a modifying effect on these associations. METHODS A case-noncase study included 11,048 men and women from cohorts in the European Diet, Obesity and Genes study; 5552 were cases, defined as individuals with the greatest BW gain during follow-up, and 6548 were randomly selected, including 5496 noncases. We selected 4 genes [CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (CEBPB), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, PPARγ gene (PPARG), and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1] according to evidence about biologic plausibility for interactions with dietary fat in weight regulation. Diet was assessed at baseline, and anthropometry was followed for 7 y. RESULTS The ORs for being a BW gainer for the 27 genetic variants ranged from 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.03) to 1.12 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.22) per additional minor allele. Uncorrected, CEBPB rs4253449 had a significant interaction with the intake of total fat and subgroups of fat. The OR for being a BW gainer for each additional rs4253449 minor allele per 100 kcal higher total fat intake was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.12; P = 0.008), and similar associations were found for subgroups of fat. CONCLUSIONS Among European men and women, the influence of dietary fat on associations between SNPs in the PPARγ pathway and anthropometry is likely to be absent or marginal. The observed interaction between rs4253449 and dietary fat needs confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane N Østergaard
- The Department for Health and Care, Aarhus Municipality, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ledreborg Allé 34, DK-2820 Copenhagen, Denmark,Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK.,The Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Roswall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte M Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Birgit M Nielsen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark,COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ledreborg Allé 34, DK-2820 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Wim HM Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, 6200MD The Netherlands
| | - Daphne L van der A
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda MA Boer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Edith JM Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Marianne U Jakobsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ruth JF Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA,The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Thorkild IA Sørensen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Alborg, Denmark
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Brattbakk HR, Arbo I, Aagaard S, Lindseth I, de Soysa AKH, Langaas M, Kulseng B, Lindberg F, Johansen B. Balanced caloric macronutrient composition downregulates immunological gene expression in human blood cells-adipose tissue diverges. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2011; 17:41-52. [PMID: 21679058 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2010.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes are conditions characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation, strongly influenced by lifestyle, but the mechanisms that link these characteristics are poorly understood. Our first objective was to investigate if a normocaloric diet with a calorically balanced macronutrient composition influenced immunological gene expression. Findings regarding the suitability of blood as biological material in nutrigenomics and gene expression profiling have been inconclusive. Our second objective was to compare blood and adipose tissue sample quality in terms of adequacy for DNA-microarray analyses, and to determine tissue-specific gene expression patterns. Blood and adipose tissue samples were collected for gene expression profiling from three obese men before, during, and after a 28-day normocaloric diet intervention where each meal contained an approximately equal caloric load of macronutrients. Time series analyses of blood gene expression revealed a cluster of downregulated genes involved in immunological processes. Blood RNA quality and yield were satisfactory, and DNA-microarray analysis reproducibility was similar in blood and adipose tissue. Gene expression correlation between blood and adipose tissue varied according to gene function, and was especially low for genes involved in immunological and metabolic processes. This suggests that diet composition is of importance in inflammatory processes in blood cells. The findings also suggest that a systems biology approach, in which tissues are studied in parallel, should be employed to fully understand the impact of dietary challenges on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Richard Brattbakk
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim 7491, Norway.
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