1
|
Vasileiou A, Searle D, Larsen SC, Magkos F, Horgan G, Stubbs RJ, Santos I, Palmeira AL, Heitmann BL. Comparing self-reported energy intake using an online dietary tool with energy expenditure by an activity tracker. Nutrition 2024; 118:112258. [PMID: 38007995 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare self-reported total energy intake (TEI) collected using an online multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall tool (Intake24) with total energy expenditure (TEE) estimated from Fitbit Charge 2-improved algorithms in adults from the NoHoW trial (12-mo weight maintenance after free-living weight loss). METHODS Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the level of agreement between TEI and TEE at baseline and after 12 mo. The ratio of TEI to TEE was also calculated. RESULTS Data from 1323 participants (71% female) was included in the analysis (mean ± SD: age 45 ± 12 y, body mass index 29.7 ± 5.4 kg/m2, initial weight loss 11.5 ± 6.5 kg). The TEI was lower than TEE on average by 33%, with limits of agreement ranging from -91% to +25%. Men, younger individuals, those with higher body mass index, those with the greater weight loss before enrollment, and those who gained weight during the study underestimated to a greater extent. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to the ongoing research examining the validity of technology-based dietary assessment tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Searle
- The Parker Institute, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- The Parker Institute, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Graham Horgan
- BioSS, Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - R James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Santos
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António L Palmeira
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal; CIFI2D, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- The Parker Institute, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Boden Group, The Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva AM, Campa F, Stagi S, Gobbo LA, Buffa R, Toselli S, Silva DAS, Gonçalves EM, Langer RD, Guerra-Júnior G, Machado DRL, Kondo E, Sagayama H, Omi N, Yamada Y, Yoshida T, Fukuda W, Gonzalez MC, Orlandi SP, Koury JC, Moro T, Paoli A, Kruger S, Schutte AE, Andreolli A, Earthman CP, Fuchs-Tarlovsky V, Irurtia A, Castizo-Olier J, Mascherini G, Petri C, Busert LK, Cortina-Borja M, Bailey J, Tausanovitch Z, Lelijveld N, Ghazzawi HA, Amawi AT, Tinsley G, Kangas ST, Salpéteur C, Vázquez-Vázquez A, Fewtrell M, Ceolin C, Sergi G, Ward LC, Heitmann BL, da Costa RF, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Cremasco MM, Moroni A, Shepherd J, Moon J, Knaan T, Müller MJ, Braun W, García-Almeida JM, Palmeira AL, Santos I, Larsen SC, Zhang X, Speakman JR, Plank LD, Swinburn BA, Ssensamba JT, Shiose K, Cyrino ES, Bosy-Westphal A, Heymsfield SB, Lukaski H, Sardinha LB, Wells JC, Marini E. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) international database: aims, scope, and call for data. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:1143-1150. [PMID: 37532867 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a technique widely used for estimating body composition and health-related parameters. The technology is relatively simple, quick, and non-invasive, and is currently used globally in diverse settings, including private clinicians' offices, sports and health clubs, and hospitals, and across a spectrum of age, body weight, and disease states. BIA parameters can be used to estimate body composition (fat, fat-free mass, total-body water and its compartments). Moreover, raw measurements including resistance, reactance, phase angle, and impedance vector length can also be used to track health-related markers, including hydration and malnutrition, and disease-prognostic, athletic and general health status. Body composition shows profound variability in association with age, sex, race and ethnicity, geographic ancestry, lifestyle, and health status. To advance understanding of this variability, we propose to develop a large and diverse multi-country dataset of BIA raw measures and derived body components. The aim of this paper is to describe the 'BIA International Database' project and encourage researchers to join the consortium. METHODS The Exercise and Health Laboratory of the Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon has agreed to host the database using an online portal. At present, the database contains 277,922 measures from individuals ranging from 11 months to 102 years, along with additional data on these participants. CONCLUSION The BIA International Database represents a key resource for research on body composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Francesco Campa
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Stagi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luís A Gobbo
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education Department, School of Technology and Science, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Buffa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Research Center of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ezequiel M Gonçalves
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Raquel D Langer
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra-Júnior
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Dalmo R L Machado
- Laboratory of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emi Kondo
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Naomi Omi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 566-0002, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 566-0002, Japan
| | - Wataru Fukuda
- Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Yokohama Sport Association, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-610 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Silvana P Orlandi
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-610, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Josely C Koury
- Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - Salome Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Alfredo Irurtia
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Castizo-Olier
- School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele Mascherini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristian Petri
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Laura K Busert
- Population, Policy & Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Mario Cortina-Borja
- Population, Policy & Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Hadeel Ali Ghazzawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Adam Tawfiq Amawi
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Grant Tinsley
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Suvi T Kangas
- International Rescue Committee, New York, NY, 10168, USA
| | - Cécile Salpéteur
- Department of Expertise and Advocacy, Action contre la Faim, 93358, Montreuil, France
| | - Adriana Vázquez-Vázquez
- Population, Policy & Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Mary Fewtrell
- Population, Policy & Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Chiara Ceolin
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sergi
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for general Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roberto Fernandes da Costa
- Department of Physical Education, Research Group in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - German Vicente-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science FCSD, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Margherita Micheletti Cremasco
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Anthropometry and Ergonomics, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Moroni
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Anthropometry and Ergonomics, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - John Shepherd
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jordan Moon
- United States Sports Academy, Daphne, AL, 36526, USA
| | - Tzachi Knaan
- Weight Management, Metabolism & Sports Nutrition Clinic, Metabolic Lab, Tel-Aviv, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Manfred J Müller
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wiebke Braun
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - José M García-Almeida
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Malaga University, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Inês Santos
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lindsay D Plank
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Boyd A Swinburn
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jude Thaddeus Ssensamba
- Center for Innovations in Health Africa (CIHA Uganda), Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Keisuke Shiose
- Faculty of Education, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina-PR, Brazil
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Henry Lukaski
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, Hyslop Sports Center, University of North Dakota Grand Forks, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jonathan C Wells
- Population, Policy & Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Senior AM, Saner C, Olsen NJ, Larsen SC, Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D, Heitmann BL. Evidence for the protein leverage hypothesis in preschool children prone to obesity. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2249-2257. [PMID: 37820518 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The protein leverage hypothesis (PLH) proposed that strict regulation of protein intake drives energy overconsumption and obesity when diets are diluted by fat and/or carbohydrates. Evidence about the PLH has been found in adults, while studies in children are limited. Thus, we aimed to test the PLH by assessing the role of dietary protein on macronutrients, energy intake, and obesity risk using data from preschool children followed for 1.3 years. METHODS 553 preschool children aged 2-6 years from the 'Healthy Start' project were included. EXPOSURES The proportion of energy intake from protein, fat, and carbohydrates collected from a 4-day dietary record. OUTCOMES Energy intake, BMI z-score, fat mass (FM) %, waist- (WHtR) and hip-height ratio (HHtR). Power function analysis was used to test the leverage of protein on energy intake. Mixture models were used to explore interactive associations of macronutrient composition on all these outcomes, with results visualized as response surfaces on the nutritional geometry. RESULTS Evidence for the PLH was confirmed in preschool children. The distribution of protein intake (% of MJ, IQR: 3.2) varied substantially less than for carbohydrate (IQR: 5.7) or fat (IQR: 6.3) intakes, suggesting protein intake is most tightly regulated. Absolute energy intake varied inversely with dietary percentage energy from protein (L = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.25, -0.04). Compared to children with high fat or carbohydrate intakes, children with high dietary protein intake (>20% of MJ) had a greater decrease in WHtR and HHtR over the 1.3-year follow-up, offering evidence for the PLH in prospective analysis. But no association was observed between macronutrient distribution and changes in BMI z-score or FM%. CONCLUSIONS In this study in preschool children, protein intake was the most tightly regulated macronutrient, and energy intake was an inverse function of dietary protein concentration, indicating the evidence for protein leverage. Increases in WHtR and HHtR were principally associated with the dietary protein dilution, supporting the PLH. These findings highlight the importance of protein in children's diets, which seems to have significant implications for childhood obesity risk and overall health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Zhang
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, DK 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christoph Saner
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052 Australia
| | - Nanna J Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, DK 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, DK 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, DK 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 New South Wales, Australia; Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Palmeira AL, Marques MM, Sánchez-Oliva D, Encantado J, Santos I, Duarte C, Matos M, Carneiro-Barrera A, Larsen SC, Horgan G, Sniehotta FF, Teixeira PJ, Stubbs RJ, Heitmann BL. Are motivational and self-regulation factors associated with 12 months' weight regain prevention in the NoHoW study? An analysis of European adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:128. [PMID: 37891654 PMCID: PMC10605649 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Preventing weight regain can only be achieved by sustained changes in energy balance-related behaviors that are associated with weight, such as diet and physical activity. Changes in motivation and self-regulatory skills can support long-term behavioral changes in the context of weight loss maintenance. We propose that experiencing a supportive climate care is associated with enhanced satisfaction of basic psychological needs, intrinsic goals, and autonomous motivation. These factors are expected to be associate with the utilization of self-regulation skills, leading to more sustained behavior changes and ultimately preventing weight regain. This hypothesis was tested in this ancillary analysis of the NoHoW trial, where the study arms were pooled and followed for 12 months. METHODS The NoHoW was a three-center, large-scale weight regain prevention full factorial trial. In this longitudinal study, data were collected in adults who lost > 5% weight in the past year (N = 870, complete data only, 68.7% female, 44.10 ± 11.86 years, 84.47 ± 17.03 kg) during their participation in a 12-month digital behavior change intervention. Weight and validated measures of motivational- and self-regulatory skills-related variables were collected at baseline, six- and 12 months. Change variables were used in Mplus' path analytical models informed by NoHoW's logic model. RESULTS The bivariate correlations confirmed key mediators' potential effect on weight outcomes in the expected causal direction. The primary analysis showed that a quarter of the variance (r2 = 23.5%) of weight regain prevention was achieved via the mechanisms of action predicted in the logic model. Specifically, our results show that supportive climate care is associated with needs satisfaction and intrinsic goal content leading to better weight regain prevention via improvements in self-regulatory skills and exercise-controlled motivation. The secondary analysis showed that more mechanisms of action are significant in participants who regained or maintained their weight. CONCLUSIONS These results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of action leading to behavior change in weight regain prevention. The most successful participants used only a few intrinsic motivation-related mechanisms of action, suggesting that habits may have been learned. While developing a digital behavior change intervention, researchers and practitioners should consider creating supportive climate care to improve needs satisfaction and intrinsic goal contents. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN88405328 , registered 12/22/2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- António L Palmeira
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Marta M Marques
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Sánchez-Oliva
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Inês Santos
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Marcela Matos
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioural Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Falko F Sniehotta
- Department of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - R James Stubbs
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dakin CA, Finlayson G, Horgan G, Palmeira AL, Heitmann BL, Larsen SC, Sniehotta FF, Stubbs RJ. Exploratory analysis of reflective, reactive, and homeostatic eating behaviour traits on weight change during the 18-month NoHoW weight maintenance trial. Appetite 2023; 189:106980. [PMID: 37495176 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Behaviour change interventions for weight management have found varied effect sizes and frequent weight re-gain after weight loss. There is interest in exploring whether differences in eating behaviour can be used to develop tailored weight management programs. This secondary analysis of an 18-month weight maintenance randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to investigate the association between individual variability in weight maintenance success and change in eating behaviour traits (EBT). Data was analysed from the NoHoW trial (Scott et al., 2019), which was designed to measure processes of change after weight loss of ≥5% body weight in the previous year. The sample included 1627 participants (mean age = 44.0 years, SD = 11.9, mean body mass index (BMI) = 29.7 kg/m2, SD = 5.4, gender = 68.7% women/31.3% men). Measurements of weight (kg) and 7 EBTs belonging to domains of reflective, reactive, or homeostatic eating were taken at 4 time points up to 18-months. Increases in measures of 'reactive eating' (binge eating, p < .001), decreases in 'reflective eating' (restraint, p < .001) and changes in 'homeostatic eating' (unlimited permission to eat, p < .001 and reliance on hunger and satiety cues, p < .05) were significantly and independently associated with concomitant weight change. Differences in EBT change were observed between participants who lost, maintained, or re-gained weight for all EBTs (p < .001) except for one subscale of intuitive eating (eating for physical reasons, p = .715). Participants who lost weight (n = 322) exhibited lower levels of reactive eating and higher levels of reflective eating than participants who re-gained weight (n = 668). EBT domains can identify individuals who need greater support to progress in weight management interventions. Increasing reflective eating and reducing reactive eating may enhance weight management success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa A Dakin
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group (ACEB), School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group (ACEB), School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark; The Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Section for General Practise, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark; The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Falko F Sniehotta
- NIHR Policy Research Unit Behavioural Science, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - R James Stubbs
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group (ACEB), School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Larsen SC, Rohde JF, Olsen NJ, Østergaard JN, Heitmann BL, Specht IO. Attained body mass index among children attending rural outdoor or urban conventional kindergartens. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1166512. [PMID: 37425178 PMCID: PMC10325782 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1166512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine whether children in rural outdoor kindergartens had attained a lower body mass index z-score (BMIz) and were at lower risk of overweight after school entrance compared to children in urban conventional kindergartens. Methods This is a longitudinal observational study of 1,544 children from outdoor kindergartens and 1,640 from conventional kindergartens. The mean age at kindergarten enrolment was 3.5 years (SD: 0.9) in the outdoor kindergartens and 3.6 years (SD: 1.0) in the conventional kindergartens. Anthropometry was measured after school entry by school health nurses when the children were 6 to 8 years old. Attained BMIz was included as the primary outcome. The risk of attaining overweight (including obesity) was included as a secondary outcome. Register-based information was available on potential confounding factors. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess group differences in outcome measures. Results Our basic models, with information on outcome, kindergarten type, and birth weight showed a borderline statistically significantly lower attained BMIz (-0.07 [95% CI: -0.14, 0.00], P = 0.060) and a lower risk of overweight (adjusted risk ratio: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.72, 0.97], P = 0.016) among children attending outdoor kindergartens. However, when adjusting for sociodemographic factors and parental BMI, there was no evidence of differences in attained BMIz (P = 0.153) or overweight (P = 0.967). Conclusion When considering confounding factors, our findings indicate no differences in attained BMIz or risk of overweight after school entry among children attending rural outdoor kindergartens compared to those attending urban conventional kindergartens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institute, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanett F. Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institute, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nanna J. Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institute, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jane N. Østergaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institute, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ina O. Specht
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institute, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Larsen SC, O'Driscoll R, Horgan G, Mikkelsen MLK, Specht IO, Rohde JF, Turicchi J, Santos I, Encantado J, Duarte C, Ward LC, Palmeira AL, Stubbs RJ, Heitmann BL. Substituting sedentary time with sleep or physical activity and subsequent weight-loss maintenance. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:515-524. [PMID: 36575137 PMCID: PMC10108206 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the associations between the substitution of sedentary time with sleep or physical activity at different intensities and subsequent weight-loss maintenance were examined. METHODS This prospective study included 1152 adults from the NoHoW trial who had achieved a successful weight loss of ≥5% during the 12 months prior to baseline and had BMI ≥25 kg/m2 before losing weight. Physical activity and sleep were objectively measured during a 14-day period at baseline. Change in body weight was included as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were changes in body fat percentage and waist circumference. Cardiometabolic variables were included as exploratory outcomes. RESULTS Using isotemporal substitution models, no associations were found between activity substitutions and changes in body weight or waist circumference. However, the substitution of sedentary behavior with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a decrease in body fat percentage during the first 6 months of the trial (-0.33% per 30 minutes higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [95% CI: -0.60% to -0.07%], p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Sedentary behavior had little or no influence on subsequent weight-loss maintenance, but during the early stages of a weight-loss maintenance program, substituting sedentary behavior with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may prevent a gain in body fat percentage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ruairi O'Driscoll
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Marie-Louise K Mikkelsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ina O Specht
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jeanett F Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jake Turicchi
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Inês Santos
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Cristiana Duarte
- School of Education, Language and Psychology, York St John University, York, UK
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - R James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Encantado J, Marques MM, Gouveia MJ, Santos I, Sánchez-Oliva D, O'Driscoll R, Turicchi J, Larsen SC, Horgan G, Teixeira PJ, Stubbs RJ, Heitmann BL, Palmeira AL. Testing motivational and self-regulatory mechanisms of action on device-measured physical activity in the context of a weight loss maintenance digital intervention: A secondary analysis of the NoHoW trial. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 64:102314. [PMID: 37665806 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, few digital behavior change interventions for weight loss maintenance focusing on long-term physical activity promotion have used a sound intervention design grounded on a logic model underpinned by behavior change theories. The current study is a secondary analysis of the weight loss maintenance NoHoW trial and investigated putative mediators of device-measured long-term physical activity levels (six to 12 months) in the context of a digital intervention. METHODS A subsample of 766 participants (Age = 46.2 ± 11.4 years; 69.1% female; original NoHoW sample: 1627 participants) completed all questionnaires on motivational and self-regulatory variables and had all device-measured physical activity data available for zero, six and 12 months. We examined the direct and indirect effects of Virtual Care Climate on post intervention changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and number of steps (six to 12 months) through changes in the theory-driven motivational and self-regulatory mechanisms of action during the intervention period (zero to six months), as conceptualized in the logic model. RESULTS Model 1 tested the mediation processes on Steps and presented a poor fit to the data. Model 2 tested mediation processes on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and presented poor fit to the data. Simplified models were also tested considering the autonomous motivation and the controlled motivation variables independently. These changes yielded good results and both models presented very good fit to the data for both outcome variables. Percentage of explained variance was negligible for all models. No direct or indirect effects were found from Virtual Care Climate to long term change in outcomes. Indirect effects occurred only between the sequential paths of the theory-driven mediators. CONCLUSION This was one of the first attempts to test a serial mediation model considering psychological mechanisms of change and device-measured physical activity in a 12-month longitudinal trial. The model explained a small proportion of variance in post intervention changes in physical activity. We found different pathways of influence on theory-driven motivational and self-regulatory mechanisms but limited evidence that these constructs impacted on actual behavior change. New approaches to test these relationships are needed. Challenges and several alternatives are discussed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN88405328. Registered December 16, 2016, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN88405328.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Encantado
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Lisbon, Portugal; Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion (APPsyCI), ISPA, Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Marta M Marques
- Trinity Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation & ADAPT Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Gouveia
- Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion (APPsyCI), ISPA, Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal; Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ruairi O'Driscoll
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Turicchi
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland (James Hutton Institute), Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro J Teixeira
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark; The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - António L Palmeira
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Langer RD, Ward LC, Larsen SC, Heitmann BL. Can change in phase angle predict the risk of morbidity and mortality during an 18-year follow-up period? A cohort study among adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1157531. [PMID: 37200946 PMCID: PMC10186468 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1157531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phase angle (PhA, degrees), measured via bioimpedance (BIA, 50 kHz), is an index that has been used as an indicator of nutritional status and mortality in several clinical situations. This study aimed to determine the relationship between 6-year changes in PhA and total mortality as well as the risk of incident morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) during 18 years of follow-up among otherwise healthy adults. Methods A random subset (n = 1,987) of 35-65 years old men and women was examined at the baseline in 1987/1988 and 6 years later in 1993/1994. Measures included weight, height, and whole-body BIA, from which PhA was calculated. Information on lifestyle was obtained through a questionnaire. The associations between 6-year PhA changes (ΔPhA) and incident CVD and CHD were assessed by Cox proportional hazard models. The median value of ΔPhA was used as the reference value. The hazard ratio (HR) model and confidence intervals (CIs) of incident CVD and CHD were used according to the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles of ΔPhA. Results During 18 years of follow-up, 205 women and 289 men died. A higher risk of both total mortality and incident CVD was present below the 50th percentile (Δ = -0.85°). The highest risk was observed below the 5th percentile (ΔPhA = -2.60°) in relation to total mortality (HR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.10-2.19) and incident CVD (HR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.16-2.00). Discussion The larger the decrease in PhA, the higher the risk of early mortality and incident CVD over the subsequent 18 years. PhA is a reliable and easy measure that may help identify those apparently healthy individuals who may be at increased risk of future CVD or dying prematurely. More studies are needed to confirm our results before it can be definitively concluded that PhA changes can improve clinical risk prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel D. Langer
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Parker Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Raquel D. Langer
| | - Leigh C. Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Parker Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Parker Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Palmeira AL, Sánchez‐Oliva D, Encantado J, Marques MM, Santos I, Duarte C, Matos M, Larsen SC, Horgan G, Teixeira PJ, Heitmann BL, Stubbs RJ. Motivational and self‐efficacy reciprocal effects during a 12‐month' weight regain prevention program. Br J Health Psychol 2022; 28:467-481. [PMID: 36404726 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight regain prevention is a critical public health challenge. Digital behaviour change interventions provide a scalable platform for applying and testing behaviour change theories in this challenging context. This study's goal was to analyse reciprocal effects between psychosocial variables (i.e., needs satisfaction, eating regulation, self-efficacy) and weight over 12 months using data from a large sample of participants engaged in a weight regain prevention trial. METHODS The NoHoW study is a three-centre, large-scale weight regain prevention trial. Adults who lost >5% of their weight in the past year (N = 1627, 68.7% female, 44.10 ± 11.86 years, 84.47 ± 17.03 kg) participated in a 12-month' digital behaviour change-based intervention. Weight and validated measures of basic psychological needs satisfaction, eating regulation and self-efficacy were collected at baseline, six- and 12 months. Correlational, latent growth models and cross-lagged analysis were used to identify potential reciprocal effects. RESULTS Baseline higher scores of needs satisfaction and self-efficacy were associated with six- and 12-month' weight loss. Baseline weight was linked to all psychosocial variables at six months, and six-months weight was associated with needs satisfaction and self-efficacy at 12 months. During the 12 months, increases in eating regulation, needs satisfaction and self-efficacy were associated with weight loss over the same period, and reciprocal effects were observed between the variables, suggesting the existence of Weight Management Cycles. CONCLUSIONS While further studies are needed, during long-term weight regain prevention, weight decrease, needs satisfaction and self-efficacy may lead to Weight Management Cycles, which, if recurrent, may provide sustained prevention of weight regain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Sánchez‐Oliva
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sports Sciences University of Extremadura Cáceres Spain
| | | | - Marta M. Marques
- CIPER‐FMH University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
- Trinity College Dublin ADAPT SFI Research Centre & Trinity Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation, College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | | | - Cristiana Duarte
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Marcela Matos
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive‐Behavioural Intervention (CINEICC) University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital The Capital Region Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | | | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital The Capital Region Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - R. James Stubbs
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology University of Leeds Leeds UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mattila E, Hansen S, Bundgaard L, Ramsey L, Dunning A, Silva MN, Harjumaa M, Ermes M, Marques MM, Matos M, Larsen SC, Encantado J, Santos I, Horgan G, O'Driscoll R, Turicchi J, Duarte C, Palmeira AL, Stubbs RJ, Heitmann BL, Lähteenmäki L. Users' Experiences With the NoHoW Web-Based Toolkit With Weight and Activity Tracking in Weight Loss Maintenance: Long-term Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e29302. [PMID: 35006081 PMCID: PMC8787666 DOI: 10.2196/29302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs) offer a promising channel for providing health promotion services. However, user experience largely determines whether they are used, which is a precondition for effectiveness. Objective The primary aim of this study is to evaluate user experiences with the NoHoW Toolkit (TK)—a DBCI that targets weight loss maintenance—over a 12-month period by using a mixed methods approach and to identify the main strengths and weaknesses of the TK and the external factors affecting its adoption. The secondary aim is to objectively describe the measured use of the TK and its association with user experience. Methods An 18-month, 2×2 factorial randomized controlled trial was conducted. The trial included 3 intervention arms receiving an 18-week active intervention and a control arm. The user experience of the TK was assessed quantitatively through electronic questionnaires after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of use. The questionnaires also included open-ended items that were thematically analyzed. Focus group interviews were conducted after 6 months of use and thematically analyzed to gain deeper insight into the user experience. Log files of the TK were used to evaluate the number of visits to the TK, the total duration of time spent in the TK, and information on intervention completion. Results The usability level of the TK was rated as satisfactory. User acceptance was rated as modest; this declined during the trial in all the arms, as did the objectively measured use of the TK. The most appreciated features were weekly emails, graphs, goal setting, and interactive exercises. The following 4 themes were identified in the qualitative data: engagement with features, decline in use, external factors affecting user experience, and suggestions for improvements. Conclusions The long-term user experience of the TK highlighted the need to optimize the technical functioning, appearance, and content of the DBCI before and during the trial, similar to how a commercial app would be optimized. In a trial setting, the users should be made aware of how to use the intervention and what its requirements are, especially when there is more intensive intervention content. Trial Registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN88405328; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN88405328 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029425
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | - Lauren Ramsey
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Dunning
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Marlene N Silva
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde, Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marja Harjumaa
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Miikka Ermes
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marta M Marques
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcela Matos
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Jorge Encantado
- Centro Interdisciplinar De Estudo Da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde, Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ruairi O'Driscoll
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Turicchi
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António L Palmeira
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde, Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hammer MD, Andersen AJ, Larsen SC, Simonsen MK, Heitmann BL. The association between general and central obesity and the risks of coronary heart disease in women with and without a familial predisposition to obesity: findings from the Danish Nurse Cohort. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 46:433-436. [PMID: 34671107 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several studies show an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among people with obesity, but it is largely unknown whether this association also depends on a familial predisposition to obesity. This study examined if associations between Body Mass Index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) and incident CHD differed among Danish female nurses with and without familial overweight and obesity. Analyses were based on data from the Danish Nurse Cohort (n = 20,701). Self-reported height, weight and self-measured WC were assessed in 1999, as was information on familial overweight/obesity, defined as having one or both parents with overweight/obesity. Information on the development of or death from CHD was collected from nationwide Danish registries in 2015. Analyses were based on Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors. Both BMI and WC were directly associated with CHD risk, but we found no evidence of effect modification from familial predisposition to obesity. Hence a familial predisposition to obesity does not seem to influence the risk of CHD associated with general or central obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Hammer
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Amalie J Andersen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mette K Simonsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark. .,The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stubbs RJ, Duarte C, Palmeira AL, Sniehotta FF, Horgan G, Larsen SC, Marques MM, Evans EH, Ermes M, Harjumaa M, Turicchi J, O'Driscoll R, Scott SE, Pearson B, Ramsey L, Mattila E, Matos M, Sacher P, Woodward E, Mikkelsen ML, Sainsbury K, Santos I, Encantado J, Stalker C, Teixeira PJ, Heitmann BL. Evidence-Based Digital Tools for Weight Loss Maintenance: The NoHoW Project. Obes Facts 2021; 14:320-333. [PMID: 33915534 PMCID: PMC8255638 DOI: 10.1159/000515663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective interventions and commercial programmes for weight loss (WL) are widely available, but most people regain weight. Few effective WL maintenance (WLM) solutions exist. The most promising evidence-based behaviour change techniques for WLM are self-monitoring, goal setting, action planning and control, building self-efficacy, and techniques that promote autonomous motivation (e.g., provide choice). Stress management and emotion regulation techniques show potential for prevention of relapse and weight regain. Digital technologies (including networked-wireless tracking technologies, online tools and smartphone apps, multimedia resources, and internet-based support) offer attractive tools for teaching and supporting long-term behaviour change techniques. However, many digital offerings for weight management tend not to include evidence-based content and the evidence base is still limited. The Project: First, the project examined why, when, and how many European citizens make WL and WLM attempts and how successful they are. Second, the project employed the most up-to-date behavioural science research to develop a digital toolkit for WLM based on 2 key conditions, i.e., self-management (self-regulation and motivation) of behaviour and self-management of emotional responses for WLM. Then, the NoHoW trial tested the efficacy of this digital toolkit in adults who achieved clinically significant (≥5%) WL in the previous 12 months (initial BMI ≥25). The primary outcome was change in weight (kg) at 12 months from baseline. Secondary outcomes included biological, psychological, and behavioural moderators and mediators of long-term energy balance (EB) behaviours, and user experience, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness. IMPACT The project will directly feed results from studies on European consumer behaviour, design and evaluation of digital toolkits self-management of EB behaviours into development of new products and services for WLM and digital health. The project has developed a framework and digital architecture for interventions in the context of EB tracking and will generate results that will help inform the next generation of personalised interventions for effective self-management of weight and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António L. Palmeira
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Falko F. Sniehotta
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (James Hutton Institute), Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Marta M. Marques
- Trinity Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation and ADAPT Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth H. Evans
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Miikka Ermes
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marja Harjumaa
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jake Turicchi
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ruari O'Driscoll
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Scott
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Beth Pearson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Ramsey
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elina Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marcela Matos
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paul Sacher
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Euan Woodward
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Louise Mikkelsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kirby Sainsbury
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Santos
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Encantado
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carol Stalker
- College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro J. Teixeira
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Langer RD, Larsen SC, Ward LC, Heitmann BL. Phase angle measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and the risk of cardiovascular disease among adult Danes. Nutrition 2021; 89:111280. [PMID: 34090217 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine associations between phase angle (PhA) and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality in a healthy Danish subpopulation free of major chronic diseases. METHODS A random subset (n = 2601) of adult men and women born in 1922, 1932, 1942, and 1952 and examined in 1987 and 1988 were included, and followed over 24 y during which 643 men and 570 women developed CVD. Measures at baseline included age, weight, height, whole-body bioimpedance, from which PhA was calculated, and information on lifestyle, obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. The association between PhA and incident CVD was assessed by Cox proportional hazard model with age as the underlying time scale and with additional adjustment for covariates. To explore nonlinear associations, all results were presented using restricted cubic splines, with the median value of PhA as the reference. RESULTS PhA was lower among women who later developed CVD than among women who did not (6.3 vs. 6.0; P < 0.001). The highest risk of CVD was observed at the 5th percentile (hazard ratio: 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.60). Among men, PhA was not significantly associated with risk of CVD (7.1 vs. 7.0; P = 0.246). CONCLUSIONS Among apparently healthy Danish men and women, a lower PhA value was associated with a higher incidence of CVD over 24 y, also after adjusting for potential confounders, and particularly among women. These findings may encourage the future use of PhA as an additional index in predicting CVD. However, more studies are needed to confirm our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel D Langer
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Section for General Practise, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Section for General Practise, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Section for General Practise, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Larsen SC, Turicchi J, Christensen GL, Larsen CS, Jørgensen NR, Mikkelsen MLK, Horgan G, O’Driscoll R, Michalowska J, Duarte C, Scott SE, Santos I, Encantado J, Palmeira AL, Stubbs RJ, Heitmann BL. Hair Cortisol Concentration, Weight Loss Maintenance and Body Weight Variability: A Prospective Study Based on Data From the European NoHoW Trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:655197. [PMID: 34659105 PMCID: PMC8511813 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.655197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several cross-sectional studies have shown hair cortisol concentration to be associated with adiposity, but the relationship between hair cortisol concentration and longitudinal changes in measures of adiposity are largely unknown. We included 786 adults from the NoHoW trial, who had achieved a successful weight loss of ≥5% and had a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 prior to losing weight. Hair cortisol concentration (pg/mg hair) was measured at baseline and after 12 months. Body weight and body fat percentage were measured at baseline, 6-month, 12-month and 18-month visits. Participants weighed themselves at home ≥2 weekly using a Wi-Fi scale for the 18-month study duration, from which body weight variability was estimated using linear and non-linear approaches. Regression models were conducted to examine log hair cortisol concentration and change in log hair cortisol concentration as predictors of changes in body weight, change in body fat percentage and body weight variability. After adjustment for lifestyle and demographic factors, no associations between baseline log hair cortisol concentration and outcome measures were observed. Similar results were seen when analysing the association between 12-month concurrent development in log hair cortisol concentration and outcomes. However, an initial 12-month increase in log hair cortisol concentration was associated with a higher subsequent body weight variability between month 12 and 18, based on deviations from a nonlinear trend (β: 0.02% per unit increase in log hair cortisol concentration [95% CI: 0.00, 0.04]; P=0.016). Our data suggest that an association between hair cortisol concentration and subsequent change in body weight or body fat percentage is absent or marginal, but that an increase in hair cortisol concentration during a 12-month weight loss maintenance effort may predict a slightly higher subsequent 6-months body weight variability. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry, identifier ISRCTN88405328.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Sofus C. Larsen,
| | - Jake Turicchi
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Niklas R. Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Louise K. Mikkelsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ruairi O’Driscoll
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Michalowska
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Scott
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Santos
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Encantado
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion (APPsyCI), Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada (ISPA) - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio L. Palmeira
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R. James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dauegaard S, Olsen NJ, Heitmann BL, Larsen SC. Familial associations in hair cortisol concentration: A cross-sectional analysis based on the Healthy Start study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 121:104836. [PMID: 32858307 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A few studies have shown a direct association between maternal and child hair cortisol concentrations (HCC), but the potential correlations within paternal-child and maternal-paternal dyads are not clear from the current evidence. Thus, we aimed to thoroughly examine associations between family members HCC. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 159 children and their parents (159 mothers and 159 fathers) participating in the Danish Healthy Start Study. Information was available on HCC from both children, mothers and fathers, as well as on several sociodemographic factors. First, Pearson's correlation coefficients were applied to assess crude correlations between family members' HCC. Secondly, analysis of covariance, adjusted for covariates, was applied to estimate child mean HCC in quartiles of maternal and paternal HCC, and mean paternal HCC in quartiles of maternal HCC. Our results showed direct associations between HCC of all family members. We found statistically robust correlations between maternal and child HCC (r = 0.33; P < 0.001), paternal and child HCC (r = 0.37; P < 0.001) and between maternal and paternal HCC (r = 0.31; P < 0.001). Similar results were found when adjusting for covariates in analyses of covariance. Our data provides evidence of associations between family members' HCC. However, we were unable to determine the extent to which these associations were due to shared genetics, assortative mating or environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dauegaard
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Nanna J Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark; The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Turicchi J, O'Driscoll R, Finlayson G, Duarte C, Palmeira AL, Larsen SC, Heitmann BL, Stubbs RJ. Data Imputation and Body Weight Variability Calculation Using Linear and Nonlinear Methods in Data Collected From Digital Smart Scales: Simulation and Validation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e17977. [PMID: 32915155 PMCID: PMC7519428 DOI: 10.2196/17977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Body weight variability (BWV) is common in the general population and may act as a risk factor for obesity or diseases. The correct identification of these patterns may have prognostic or predictive value in clinical and research settings. With advancements in technology allowing for the frequent collection of body weight data from electronic smart scales, new opportunities to analyze and identify patterns in body weight data are available. Objective This study aims to compare multiple methods of data imputation and BWV calculation using linear and nonlinear approaches Methods In total, 50 participants from an ongoing weight loss maintenance study (the NoHoW study) were selected to develop the procedure. We addressed the following aspects of data analysis: cleaning, imputation, detrending, and calculation of total and local BWV. To test imputation, missing data were simulated at random and using real patterns of missingness. A total of 10 imputation strategies were tested. Next, BWV was calculated using linear and nonlinear approaches, and the effects of missing data and data imputation on these estimates were investigated. Results Body weight imputation using structural modeling with Kalman smoothing or an exponentially weighted moving average provided the best agreement with observed values (root mean square error range 0.62%-0.64%). Imputation performance decreased with missingness and was similar between random and nonrandom simulations. Errors in BWV estimations from missing simulated data sets were low (2%-7% with 80% missing data or a mean of 67, SD 40.1 available body weights) compared with that of imputation strategies where errors were significantly greater, varying by imputation method. Conclusions The decision to impute body weight data depends on the purpose of the analysis. Directions for the best performing imputation methods are provided. For the purpose of estimating BWV, data imputation should not be conducted. Linear and nonlinear methods of estimating BWV provide reasonably accurate estimates under high proportions (80%) of missing data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Turicchi
- School of Psychology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ruairi O'Driscoll
- School of Psychology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- School of Psychology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - A L Palmeira
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition and Eating disorder, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Public Health, Section for General Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
O'Driscoll R, Turicchi J, Duarte C, Michalowska J, Larsen SC, Palmeira AL, Heitmann BL, Horgan GW, Stubbs RJ. Correction: A novel scaling methodology to reduce the biases associated with missing data from commercial activity monitors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238965. [PMID: 32881978 PMCID: PMC7470398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
19
|
Turicchi J, O'Driscoll R, Horgan G, Duarte C, Santos I, Encantado J, Palmeira AL, Larsen SC, Olsen JK, Heitmann BL, Stubbs RJ. Body weight variability is not associated with changes in risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. Int J Cardiol Hypertens 2020; 6:100045. [PMID: 33447771 PMCID: PMC7803052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchy.2020.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Weight loss is known to improve health, however the influence of variability in body weight around the overall trajectory on these outcomes is unknown. Few studies have measured body weight frequently enough to accurately estimate the variability component. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of 12-month weight variability and concurrent weight change with changes in health markers and body composition. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of the NoHoW trial, a 2 × 2 factorial randomised controlled trial promoting evidence-based behaviour change for weight loss maintenance. Outcome measurements related to cardiometabolic health and body composition were taken at 0, 6 and 12 months. Participants were provided with Wi-Fi connected smart scales (Fitbit Aria 2) and asked to self-weigh regularly over this period. Associations of weight variability and weight change with change in outcomes were investigated using multiple linear regression with multiple levels of adjustment in 955 participants. RESULTS Twelve models were generated for each health marker. Associations between weight variability and changes in health markers were inconsistent between models and showed no evidence of a consistent relationship, with all effects explaining <1% of the outcome, and most 0%. Weight loss was consistently associated with improvements in health and body composition, with the greatest effects seen in percent body fat (R2 = 10.4-11.1%) followed by changes in diastolic (4.2-4.7%) and systolic (3-4%) blood pressure. CONCLUSION Over 12-months, weight variability was not consistently associated with any measure of cardiometabolic health or body composition, however weight loss consistently improved all outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN88405328.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Turicchi
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ruairi O'Driscoll
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Cristiana Duarte
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Inês Santos
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Encantado
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jack K. Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition and Eating Disorder, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R. James Stubbs
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Larsen SC, Horgan G, Mikkelsen MLK, Palmeira AL, Scott S, Duarte C, Santos I, Encantado J, O'Driscoll R, Turicchi J, Michalowska J, Stubbs RJ, Heitmann BL. Consistent sleep onset and maintenance of body weight after weight loss: An analysis of data from the NoHoW trial. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003168. [PMID: 32673309 PMCID: PMC7365417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested that reduced sleep duration and quality are associated with an increased risk of obesity and related metabolic disorders, but the role of sleep in long-term weight loss maintenance (WLM) has not been thoroughly explored using prospective data. METHODS AND FINDINGS The present study is an ancillary study based on data collected on participants from the Navigating to a Healthy Weight (NoHoW) trial, for which the aim was to test the efficacy of an evidence-based digital toolkit, targeting self-regulation, motivation, and emotion regulation, on WLM among 1,627 British, Danish, and Portuguese adults. Before enrolment, participants had achieved a weight loss of ≥5% and had a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 prior to losing weight. Participants were enrolled between March 2017 and March 2018 and followed during the subsequent 12-month period for change in weight (primary trial outcome), body composition, metabolic markers, diet, physical activity, sleep, and psychological mediators/moderators of WLM (secondary trial outcomes). For the present study, a total of 967 NoHoW participants were included, of which 69.6% were women, the mean age was 45.8 years (SD 11.5), the mean baseline BMI was 29.5 kg/m2 (SD 5.1), and the mean weight loss prior to baseline assessments was 11.4 kg (SD 6.4). Objectively measured sleep was collected using the Fitbit Charge 2 (FC2), from which sleep duration, sleep duration variability, sleep onset, and sleep onset variability were assessed across 14 days close to baseline examinations. The primary outcomes were 12-month changes in body weight (BW) and body fat percentage (BF%). The secondary outcomes were 12-month changes in obesity-related metabolic markers (blood pressure, low- and high-density lipoproteins [LDL and HDL], triglycerides [TGs], and glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c]). Analysis of covariance and multivariate linear regressions were conducted with sleep-related variables as explanatory and subsequent changes in BW, BF%, and metabolic markers as response variables. We found no evidence that sleep duration, sleep duration variability, or sleep onset were associated with 12-month weight regain or change in BF%. A higher between-day variability in sleep onset, assessed using the standard deviation across all nights recorded, was associated with weight regain (0.55 kg per hour [95% CI 0.10 to 0.99]; P = 0.016) and an increase in BF% (0.41% per hour [95% CI 0.04 to 0.78]; P = 0.031). Analyses of the secondary outcomes showed that a higher between-day variability in sleep duration was associated with an increase in HbA1c (0.02% per hour [95% CI 0.00 to 0.05]; P = 0.045). Participants with a sleep onset between 19:00 and 22:00 had the greatest reduction in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.02) but also the most pronounced increase in TGs (P = 0.03). The main limitation of this study is the observational design. Hence, the observed associations do not necessarily reflect causal effects. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that maintaining a consistent sleep onset is associated with improved WLM and body composition. Sleep onset and variability in sleep duration may be associated with subsequent change in different obesity-related metabolic markers, but due to multiple-testing, the secondary exploratory outcomes should be interpreted cautiously. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN88405328).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Louise K. Mikkelsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Antonio L. Palmeira
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sarah Scott
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Encantado
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ruairi O'Driscoll
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Turicchi
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Michalowska
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - R. James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mikkelsen MLK, Berg-Beckhoff G, Frederiksen P, Horgan G, O’Driscoll R, Palmeira AL, Scott SE, Stubbs J, Heitmann BL, Larsen SC. Estimating physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a free-living environment: A comparative study between Fitbit Charge 2 and Actigraph GT3X. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234426. [PMID: 32525912 PMCID: PMC7289355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activity trackers such as the Fitbit Charge 2 enable users and researchers to monitor physical activity in daily life, which could be beneficial for changing behaviour. However, the accuracy of the Fitbit Charge 2 in a free-living environment is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the agreement between Fitbit Charge 2 and ActiGraph GT3X for the estimation of steps, energy expenditure, time in sedentary behaviour, and light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity under free-living conditions, and further examine to what extent placing the ActiGraph on the wrist as opposed to the hip would affect the findings. METHODS 41 adults (n = 10 males, n = 31 females) were asked to wear a Fitbit Charge 2 device and two ActiGraph GT3X devices (one on the hip and one on the wrist) for seven consecutive days and fill out a log of wear times. Agreement was assessed through Bland-Altman plots combined with multilevel analysis. RESULTS The Fitbit measured 1,492 steps/day more than the hip-worn ActiGraph (limits of agreement [LoA] = -2,250; 5,234), while for sedentary time, it measured 25 min/day less (LoA = -137; 87). Both Bland-Altman plots showed fixed bias. For time in light physical activity, the Fitbit measured 59 min/day more (LoA = -52;169). For time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, the Fitbit measured 31 min/day less (LoA = -132; 71) and for activity energy expenditure it measured 408 kcal/day more than the hip-worn ActiGraph (LoA = -385; 1,200). For the two latter outputs, the plots indicated proportional bias. Similar or more pronounced discrepancies, mostly in opposite direction, appeared when comparing to the wrist-worn ActiGraph. CONCLUSION Moderate to substantial differences between devices were found for most outputs, which could be due to differences in algorithms. Caution should be taken if replacing one device with another and when comparing results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise K. Mikkelsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, København, Denmark
| | | | - Peder Frederiksen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, København, Denmark
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland (James Hutton Institute), Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ruairi O’Driscoll
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - António L. Palmeira
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sarah E. Scott
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, København, Denmark
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, København, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Turicchi J, O’Driscoll R, Horgan G, Duarte C, Palmeira AL, Larsen SC, Heitmann BL, Stubbs J. Weekly, seasonal and holiday body weight fluctuation patterns among individuals engaged in a European multi-centre behavioural weight loss maintenance intervention. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232152. [PMID: 32353079 PMCID: PMC7192384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technological advances in remote monitoring offer new opportunities to quantify body weight patterns in free-living populations. This paper describes body weight fluctuation patterns in response to weekly, holiday (Christmas) and seasonal time periods in a large group of individuals engaged in a weight loss maintenance intervention. METHODS Data was collected as part The NoHoW Project which was a pan-European weight loss maintenance trial. Three eligible groups were defined for weekly, holiday and seasonal analyses, resulting in inclusion of 1,421, 1,062 and 1,242 participants, respectively. Relative weight patterns were modelled on a time series following removal of trends and grouped by gender, country, BMI and age. RESULTS Within-week fluctuations of 0.35% were observed, characterised by weekend weight gain and weekday reduction which differed between all groups. Over the Christmas period, weight increased by a mean 1.35% and was not fully compensated for in following months, with some differences between countries observed. Seasonal patterns were primarily characterised by the effect of Christmas weight gain and generally not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS This evidence may improve current understanding of regular body weight fluctuation patterns and help target future weight management interventions towards periods, and in groups, where weight gain is anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Turicchi
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ruairi O’Driscoll
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition and Eating disorder, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James Stubbs
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Christensen KG, Nielsen SG, Olsen NJ, Dalgård C, Heitmann BL, Larsen SC. Child behaviour and subsequent changes in body weight, composition and shape. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226003. [PMID: 31856169 PMCID: PMC6922444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Studies have found an association between child behavioural problems and overweight, but the existing evidence for this relationship is inconsistent, and results from longitudinal studies are sparse. Thus, we examined the association between behavioural problems and subsequent changes in body mass index (BMI) and anthropometry over a follow-up period of 1.3 years among children aged 2–6 years. Design The study was based on a total of 345 children from The Healthy Start Study; all children were healthy weight but predisposed to develop overweight. The Danish version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), classified as SDQ Total Difficulties (SDQ-TD) and SDQ Prosocial Behaviour (SDQ-PSB), was used to assess child behaviour. Linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between SDQ scores and subsequent change in BMI z-score, body fat percentage, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio, while taking possible confounding factors into account. Results We found an association between SDQ-PSB and subsequent change in BMI z-score (β: 0.040 [95% CI: 0.010; 0.071, p = 0.009]). However, there was no evidence of an association between SDQ-PSB and measures of body composition or body shape. Conclusions Among 2 to 6 years old children predisposed to overweight, the association between SDQ-scores and weight gain is either absent or marginal. The SDQ-PSB score may be associated with subsequent increases in BMI z-score, but this association does not seem driven by an increased relative fat accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine G. Christensen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidse G. Nielsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna J. Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Scott SE, Duarte C, Encantado J, Evans EH, Harjumaa M, Heitmann BL, Horgan GW, Larsen SC, Marques MM, Mattila E, Matos M, Mikkelsen ML, Palmeira AL, Pearson B, Ramsey L, Sainsbury K, Santos I, Sniehotta F, Stalker C, Teixeira PJ, Stubbs RJ. The NoHoW protocol: a multicentre 2×2 factorial randomised controlled trial investigating an evidence-based digital toolkit for weight loss maintenance in European adults. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029425. [PMID: 31575569 PMCID: PMC6773359 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and associated diseases place a severe burden on healthcare systems. Behavioural interventions for weight loss (WL) are successful in the short term but often result in weight regain over time. Self-regulation of eating and activity behaviours may significantly enhance weight loss maintenance (WLM) and may be effectively augmented by contextual behavioural approaches to emotion regulation. The NoHoW trial tests the efficacy of a theoretically informed, evidence-based digital toolkit using a mobile-enabled website, activity trackers and Wi-Fi scales for WLM aiming to target (1) self-regulation and motivation, and (2) emotion regulation in adults who achieved clinically significant (≥5%) WL in the previous 12 months (initial body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study is an 18-month, 3-centre, 2×2 factorial single-blind, randomised controlled trial, which recruited 1627 participants achieving ≥5% WL between March 2017 and March 2018. Participants are randomly allocated to one of four arms: (1) self-monitoring only (self-weighing and activity tracker), (2) self-regulation and motivation, (3) emotion regulation or (4) combined self-regulation, motivation and emotion regulation. Participants attend four clinical investigation days at 0, 6, 12 and 18 months and are instructed to use the digital toolkit for 18 weeks during the first 6 months and at their discretion for the remaining 12 months. The primary outcome is change in weight (kg) at 12 months from baseline. Secondary outcomes are body composition (eg, bioimpedance analysis), health biomarkers (glycated haemoglobin, lipids, blood pressure, hair cortisol), dietary intake, physical activity, sleep, motivational, self-regulatory, emotion regulatory moderators/mediators of WLM, engagement, user experience, acceptability and cost-effectiveness of the interventions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was granted by Institutional Ethics Committees at the Universities of Leeds (17-0082; 27 February 2017), Lisbon (17/2016; 20 February 2017) and Capital Region of Denmark (H-16030495, 8 March 2017). Results will be published in scientific journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN88405328.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ellen Scott
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Encantado
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elizabeth H Evans
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marja Harjumaa
- VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institut, Frederiksberg, The Capital Region, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institut, Frederiksberg, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Marta Moreira Marques
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Trinity Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation & ADAPT Centre, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, UK
| | - Elina Mattila
- VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marcela Matos
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marie-Louise Mikkelsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institut, Frederiksberg, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | | | - Beth Pearson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lauren Ramsey
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kirby Sainsbury
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Inês Santos
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Falko Sniehotta
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carol Stalker
- College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - P J Teixeira
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Poudel P, Ismailova K, Andersen LB, Larsen SC, Heitmann BL. Adolescent wine consumption is inversely associated with long-term weight gain: results from follow-up of 20 or 22 years. Nutr J 2019; 18:56. [PMID: 31506084 PMCID: PMC6737643 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have suggested a link between the type of alcoholic beverage consumption and body weight. However, results from longitudinal studies have been inconsistent, and the association between adolescent alcohol consumption long-term weight gain has generally not been examined. Methods The study was based on data from 720 Danish adolescents aged between 15 to 19 years at baseline from the Danish Youth and Sports Study (YSS). Self-reported alcohol use, height, weight, smoking, social economic status (SES) and physical activity levels were assessed in baseline surveys conducted in 1983 and 1985, and in the follow up survey which was conducted in 2005. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between alcohol consumption in adolescence and subsequent weight gain later in midlife. Results There was no significant association between total alcohol consumption during adolescence and change in BMI into midlife (P = 0.079) (β − 0.14; 95% CI -0.28, 0.005). Wine consumption was found to be inversely associated to subsequent BMI gain (P = 0.001) (β − 0.46; 95% CI -0.82, − 0.09) while the results were not significant for beer and spirit. The relationship did not differ by gender, but smoking status was found to modify the relationship, and the inverse association between alcohol and BMI gain was seen only among non-smokers (P = 0.01) (β − 0.24; 95% CI -0.41, − 0.06) while no association was found among smokers. Neither adolescent nor attained socioeconomic status in adulthood modified the relationship between alcohol intake and subsequent BMI gain. Conclusion Among non-smoking adolescents, consumption of alcohol, and in particular wine, seems to be associated with less weight gain until midlife. Trial registration The YSS cohort was retrospectively registered on August 2017. (Study ID number: NCT03244150). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-019-0478-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Poudel
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Global Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamila Ismailova
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Global Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Education, Arts and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Public Health, Section for General Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition and Eating disorder, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Larsen SC, Heitmann BL. More Frequent Intake of Regular Meals and Less Frequent Snacking Are Weakly Associated with Lower Long-Term Gains in Body Mass Index and Fat Mass in Middle-Aged Men and Women. J Nutr 2019; 149:824-830. [PMID: 31034009 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the relationship between eating frequency and long-term change in body weight, and the results have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations between eating frequency and 6-y changes in body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2), fat mass, fat-free mass, body fat percentage, and waist circumference. METHODS The study consisted of Danish men (n = 1080) and women (n = 1044) aged 35-67 y with repeated measures of eating frequency, adiposity, and covariates during 11 y. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the associations between baseline eating frequency and subsequent change in BMI, fat mass, fat-free mass, fat percentage, and waist circumference, as well as the association between initial change in eating frequency and subsequent change in the same outcomes. RESULTS Total baseline eating frequency was not associated with change in outcomes. However, when separately examining regular meals and snacks, each additional daily meal was associated with a subsequent 6-y change in BMI of -0.14 (95% CI: -0.27, -0.00). Similar tendencies of inverse associations were found for change in fat mass (P = 0.04), fat-free mass (P = 0.07), and waist circumference (P = 0.05). We found no association between initial change in total eating frequency and subsequent change in outcomes. However, each additional daily regular meal after 5 y was associated with a subsequent 6-y change in BMI of -0.16 (95% CI: -0.30, -0.01). Inverse associations were also seen for fat (P = 0.04) and fat-free mass (P = 0.05). In contrast, an increase in daily frequency of snacking was associated with an increase in fat mass (P = 0.04) and fat percentage (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that total frequency of eating has little or no influence on adiposity among middle-aged Danish men and women. Consumption of regular meals, but not snack consumption, showed a weak inverse association with longitudinal gains in BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark.,The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cardoso I, Michalowska J, Larsen SC, Abrahamsen B, Heitmann BL, Händel MN. Lack of Transparency in the Meta-Analyses of Dietary and Urinary Sodium and Bone Mineral Density or Risk of Osteoporosis: A Letter to the Journal. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:746-747. [PMID: 30990773 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1590250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cardoso
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Joanna Michalowska
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bo Abrahamsen
- Department of Clinical Research, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Section for General Practise, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Institute of Public Health University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mina N Händel
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Larsen SC, Rohde JF, Olsen NJ, Händel MN, Stougaard M, Fahrenkrug J, Heitmann BL. Association between hair cortisol concentration and dietary intake among normal weight preschool children predisposed to overweight and obesity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213573. [PMID: 30849107 PMCID: PMC6407774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between chronically elevated cortisol, as measured by hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and dietary intake among children has generally not been explored. Moreover, it is unknown whether there is an association between parental HCC and dietary intake among their children. Objective To examine associations between HCC and dietary intake among children, and to explore the association between parental HCC and dietary intake among their children. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 296 children predisposed to overweight and obesity who participated in the Healthy Start study. Multiple Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between HCC and total energy intake, macronutrients, fruit and vegetables, added sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), and a diet quality index (DQI). Results Among the children, we found that higher HCC was associated with a lower consumption of dietary fat (β: -0.7 g/day [95% CI: -1.3, -0.0] per 100 pg/mg HCC). We found no statistically significant association between HCC and intake of total energy, protein, carbohydrate, fruit and vegetables, added sugar, SSB or DQI. We found no association between parental HCC and intake of total energy, added sugar, selected food groups or DQI among their children. However, stratified analyses showed that paternal HCC was associated with a borderline significant lower total energy intake and significantly lower protein intake, but only among daughters (adjusted β: -42 kcal/day [95% CI: -85, 0] and -2.6 g/day [95% CI: -4.4, -0.8] per 100 pg/mg HCC, respectively). Conclusion Among children, chronic stress as measured by HCC may be associated with a lower fat consumption, and paternal HCC may be associated with a lower intake of energy and protein among their daughters. However, the associations observed were weak, and any clinical relevance of these findings remains questionable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeanett F. Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Research and Development, Health Science, University College UCC, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Nanna J. Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mina N. Händel
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maria Stougaard
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jan Fahrenkrug
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rohde JF, Ängquist L, Larsen SC, Tolstrup JS, Husemoen LLN, Linneberg A, Toft U, Overvad K, Halkjær J, Tjønneland A, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Sørensen TIA, Heitmann BL. Alcohol consumption and its interaction with adiposity-associated genetic variants in relation to subsequent changes in waist circumference and body weight. Nutr J 2017; 16:51. [PMID: 28841830 PMCID: PMC5574083 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have suggested a link between alcohol intake and adiposity. However, results from longitudinal studies have been inconsistent, and a possible interaction with genetic predisposition to adiposity measures has often not been taken into account. Objective To examine the association between alcohol intake recorded at baseline and subsequent annual changes in body weight (∆BW), waist circumference (ΔWC) and WC adjusted for BMI (ΔWCBMI), and to test for interaction with genetic predisposition scores based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with various forms of adiposity. Method This study included a total of 7028 adult men and women from MONICA, the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort (DCH), and the Inter99 studies. We combined 50 adiposity-associated SNPs into four scores indicating genetic predisposition to BMI, WC, WHRBMI and all three traits combined. Linear regression was used to examine the association of alcohol intake (drinks of 12 g (g) alcohol/day) with ΔBW, ΔWC, and ΔWCBMI, and to examine possible interactions with SNP-scores. Results from the analyses of the individual cohorts were combined in meta-analyses. Results Each additional drink/day was associated with a ΔBW/year of −18.0 g (95% confidence interval (CI): −33.4, −2.6, P = 0.02) and a ΔWC of −0.3 mm/year (−0.5, −0.0, P = 0.03). In analyses of women only, alcohol intake was associated with a higher ΔWCBMI of 0.5 mm/year (0.2, 0.9, P = 0.002) per drink/day. Overall, we found no statistically significant interactions between the four SNP-scores and alcohol intake in relation to changes in adiposity measures. However in analyses of women separately, we found interaction between the complete score of all 50 SNPs and alcohol intake in relation to ΔBW (P for interaction = 0.03). No significant interaction was observed among the men. Conclusion Alcohol intake was associated with a decrease in BW and WC among men and women, and an increase in WCBMI among women only. We found no strong indication that these associations depend on a genetic predisposition to adiposity. Trial registration Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov Trial number: CT00289237, Registered: 19 September 2005 retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-017-0274-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanett F Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Nordre Fasanvej 57, entrance 5, ground floor, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Formerly 'Institute of Preventive Medicine'), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen, entrance 5, first floor, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Formerly 'Institute of Preventive Medicine'), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen, entrance 5, first floor, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Nordre Fasanvej 57, entrance 5, ground floor, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Formerly 'Institute of Preventive Medicine'), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen, entrance 5, first floor, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5 A, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Lise Lotte N Husemoen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Nordre Ringvej 57, building 84-85, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Nordre Ringvej 57, building 84-85, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, København N, Denmark
| | - Ulla Toft
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Nordre Ringvej 57, building 84-85, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7-D3, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jytte Halkjær
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (Section of Metabolic Genetics), and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 20, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (Section of Metabolic Genetics), and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 20, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Formerly 'Institute of Preventive Medicine'), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen, entrance 5, first floor, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (Section of Metabolic Genetics), and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 20, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol University, Senate House, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Nordre Fasanvej 57, entrance 5, ground floor, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Formerly 'Institute of Preventive Medicine'), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen, entrance 5, first floor, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5 A, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, entrance Q, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Skaaby T, Taylor AE, Jacobsen RK, Paternoster L, Thuesen BH, Ahluwalia TS, Larsen SC, Zhou A, Wong A, Gabrielsen ME, Bjørngaard JH, Flexeder C, Männistö S, Hardy R, Kuh D, Barry SJ, Tang Møllehave L, Cerqueira C, Friedrich N, Bonten TN, Noordam R, Mook-Kanamori DO, Taube C, Jessen LE, McConnachie A, Sattar N, Upton MN, McSharry C, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H, Schulz H, Strauch K, Meitinger T, Peters A, Grallert H, Nohr EA, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Völker U, Nauck M, Völzke H, Power C, Hyppönen E, Hansen T, Jørgensen T, Pedersen O, Salomaa V, Grarup N, Langhammer A, Romundstad PR, Skorpen F, Kaprio J, R Munafò M, Linneberg A. Investigating the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis in the CARTA consortium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2224. [PMID: 28533558 PMCID: PMC5440386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies on smoking and risk of hay fever and asthma have shown inconsistent results. However, observational studies may be biased by confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants as markers of exposures to examine causal effects. We examined the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma by using the smoking-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16969968/rs1051730. We included 231,020 participants from 22 population-based studies. Observational analyses showed that current vs never smokers had lower risk of hay fever (odds ratio (OR) = 0·68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·61, 0·76; P < 0·001) and allergic sensitization (OR = 0·74, 95% CI: 0·64, 0·86; P < 0·001), but similar asthma risk (OR = 1·00, 95% CI: 0·91, 1·09; P = 0·967). Mendelian randomization analyses in current smokers showed a slightly lower risk of hay fever (OR = 0·958, 95% CI: 0·920, 0·998; P = 0·041), a lower risk of allergic sensitization (OR = 0·92, 95% CI: 0·84, 1·02; P = 0·117), but higher risk of asthma (OR = 1·06, 95% CI: 1·01, 1·11; P = 0·020) per smoking-increasing allele. Our results suggest that smoking may be causally related to a higher risk of asthma and a slightly lower risk of hay fever. However, the adverse events associated with smoking limit its clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tea Skaaby
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Amy E Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rikke K Jacobsen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Betina H Thuesen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, 2820, Denmark
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research unit for Dietary Studies, the Parker Institute, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ang Zhou
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Maiken E Gabrielsen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of laboratory medicine, children's and women's health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan H Bjørngaard
- Forensic Department and Research Centre Bröset St. Olav's University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Sarah J Barry
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Line Tang Møllehave
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Cerqueira
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tobias N Bonten
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of BESC, Epidemiology Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Leon E Jessen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences & Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Charles McSharry
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chris Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Population, Policy and Practice, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Dept. of Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norwegian, Norway
| | - Pål R Romundstad
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frank Skorpen
- Department of laboratory medicine, children's and women's health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- University of Helsinki, Dept. of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Dept. of Health, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kristensen SK, Larsen SC, Olsen NJ, Fahrenkrug J, Heitmann BL. Hair dyeing, hair washing and hair cortisol concentrations among women from the healthy start study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 77:182-185. [PMID: 28073090 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) has been suggested as a promising marker for chronic stress. However, studies investigating the influence of hair dyeing and hair washing frequency on HCC have shown inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between HCC and hair dyeing status or weekly hair washing frequency among women. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on data from 266 mothers participating in the Healthy Start intervention study. HCC was measured in the proximal end of the hair (1-2cm closest to the scalp) while hair dyeing status, frequency of hair washing and covariates were reported by the women. Linear regression analyses were applied to assess the associations between HCC and hair dyeing or weekly frequency of hair washing. RESULTS No statistically significant difference (p=0.91) in HCC was found between women who dyed hair (adjusted mean: 137pg/mg [95% CI: 122,153]) and women with natural hair color (adjusted mean: 139pg/mg [95% CI: 123,155]). Frequency of hair washing was not associated with HCC (β: -3.7 [95% CI: -9.0, 1.5; P=0.20]). CONCLUSIONS This study of 266 Danish women provides no evidence in support of an association between HCC and hair dyeing status or hair washing frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila K Kristensen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nanna J Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Fahrenkrug
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jin LZ, Rangan A, Mehlsen J, Andersen LB, Larsen SC, Heitmann BL. Association Between Use of Cannabis in Adolescence and Weight Change into Midlife. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168897. [PMID: 28060830 PMCID: PMC5218547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use has been found to stimulate appetite and potentially promote weight gain via activation of the endocannabinoid system. Despite the fact that the onset of cannabis use is typically during adolescence, the association between adolescence cannabis use and long-term change in body weight is generally unknown. This study aims to examine the association between adolescence cannabis use and weight change to midlife, while accounting for the use of other substances. The study applied 20 to 22 years of follow-up data on 712 Danish adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years at baseline. Self-reported height and weight, cannabis, cigarette and alcohol use, socioeconomic status (SES) and physical activity levels were assessed in baseline surveys conducted in 1983 and 1985. The follow-up survey was conducted in 2005. In total 19.1% (n = 136) of adolescents reported having used/using cannabis. Weight gain between adolescence and midlife was not related to cannabis exposure during adolescence in either crude or adjusted models, and associations were not modified by baseline alcohol intake or smoking. However, cannabis use was significantly associated with cigarette smoking (p<0.001) and alcohol intake (p<0.001) and inversely associated with physical activity levels (p = 0.04). In conclusion, this study does not provide evidence of an association between adolescence cannabis use and weight change from adolescence to midlife.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexie Zhiyan Jin
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Rangan
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jesper Mehlsen
- Coordinating Research Centre, Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Exercise Epidemiology Unit, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sofus C. Larsen
- Research unit for Dietary Studies, the Parker Institute, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research unit for Dietary Studies, the Parker Institute, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Institute of Public Health, Section for General Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Larsen SC, Fahrenkrug J, Olsen NJ, Heitmann BL. Association between Hair Cortisol Concentration and Adiposity Measures among Children and Parents from the "Healthy Start" Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163639. [PMID: 27662656 PMCID: PMC5035005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested a direct association between hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and Body Mass Index (BMI), as well as other adiposity measures. However, these studies have mostly been conducted among adult populations. Objective To examine the association between HCC and different measures of adiposity among a selected group of children predisposed to obesity and their parents. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 363 children and their parents (301 mothers and 231 fathers) participating in the “Healthy Start” study. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate associations between HCC and adiposity measures while taking into account possible confounding factors. Analyses were performed examining the association between HCC and BMI, fat mass and fat free mass index Z-scores, as well as waist circumference and waist-hip ratio among the children. Likewise, the association between HCC and BMI among the parents was explored. Finally, we examined the association between parental HCC and children’s adiposity measures. Results HCC was directly associated with a higher BMI among the fathers (0.49 kg/m2 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.90, P = 0.02] per 100 pg/mg) and the mothers (0.93 kg/m2 [95% CI: 0.24, 1.61, P = 0.01] per 100 pg/mg). We found no clear evidence of an association between HCC and adiposity measures among children. However, a high maternal HCC was associated with a high fat mass index and low fat free mass index z-score in the offspring (0.14 SD [95% CI: 0.02, 0.26, P = 0.02] and -0.17 SD [95% CI: -0.30, -0.05, P = 0.01] per 100 pg/mg, respectively). Conclusions Our study found no evidence of an association between HCC and measures of adiposity among children predisposed to obesity. However, HCC may be directly associated with BMI among men and women, and maternal HCC may be related to a higher fat mass and a lower fat free mass among their children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan Fahrenkrug
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Nanna J. Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Olsen NJ, Ängquist L, Larsen SC, Linneberg A, Skaaby T, Husemoen LLN, Toft U, Tjønneland A, Halkjær J, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Overvad K, Ahluwalia TS, Sørensen TI, Heitmann BL. Interactions between genetic variants associated with adiposity traits and soft drinks in relation to longitudinal changes in body weight and waist circumference. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:816-26. [PMID: 27465380 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.122820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with obesity, and this association may be modified by a genetic predisposition to obesity. OBJECTIVE We examined the interactions between a molecular genetic predisposition to various aspects of obesity and the consumption of soft drinks, which are a major part of sugar-sweetened beverages, in relation to changes in adiposity measures. DESIGN A total of 4765 individuals were included in the study. On the basis of 50 obesity-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), or the waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRBMI), the following 4 genetic predisposition scores (GRSs) were constructed: a complete genetic predisposition score including all 50 single nucleotide polymorphisms (GRSComplete), a genetic predisposition score including BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (GRSBMI), a genetic predisposition score including waist circumference-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (GRSWC), and a genetic predisposition score including the waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (GRSWHR). Associations between soft drink intake and the annual change (Δ) in body weight (BW), WC, or waist circumference adjusted for BMI (WCBMI) and possible interactions with the GRSs were examined with the use of linear regression analyses and meta-analyses. RESULTS For each soft drink serving per day, soft drink consumption was significantly associated with a higher ΔBW of 0.07 kg/y (95% CI: 0.01, 0.13 kg/y; P = 0.020) but not with the ΔWC or ΔWCBMI In analyses of the ΔBW, we showed an interaction only with the GRSWC (per risk allele for each soft drink serving per day: -0.06 kg/y; 95% CI: -0.10, -0.02 kg/y; P = 0.006). In analyses of the ΔWC, we showed interactions only with the GRSBMI and GRSComplete [per risk allele for each soft drink serving per day: 0.05 cm/y (95% CI: 0.02, 0.09 cm/y; P = 0.001) and 0.05 cm/y (95% CI: 0.02, 0.07 cm/y; P = 0.001), respectively]. Nearly identical results were observed in analyses of the ΔWCBMI CONCLUSIONS: A genetic predisposition to a high WC may attenuate the association between soft drink intake and BW gain. A genetic predisposition to high BMI as well as a genetic predisposition to high BMI, WC, and WHRBMI combined may strengthen the association between soft drink intake and WC gain. However, the public health impact may be limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanna J Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
| | - Tea Skaaby
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ulla Toft
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jytte Halkjær
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Thorkild Ia Sørensen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute and Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; and The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Larsen SC, Ängquist L, Moldovan M, Huikari V, Sebert S, Cavadino A, Singh Ahluwalia T, Skaaby T, Linneberg A, Husemoen LLN, Toft U, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Herzig KH, Jarvelin MR, Power C, Hyppönen E, Heitmann BL, Sørensen TIA. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status and Longitudinal Changes in Weight and Waist Circumference: Influence of Genetic Predisposition to Adiposity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153611. [PMID: 27077659 PMCID: PMC4831693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and changes in measures of adiposity have shown inconsistent results, and interaction with genetic predisposition to obesity has rarely been examined. We examined whether 25(OH)D was associated with subsequent annual changes in body weight (ΔBW) or waist circumference (ΔWC), and whether the associations were modified by genetic predisposition to a high BMI, WC or waist-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRBMI). The study was based on 10,898 individuals from the Danish Inter99, the 1958 British Birth Cohort and the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. We combined 42 adiposity-associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) into four scores indicating genetic predisposition to BMI, WC and WHRBMI, or all three traits combined. Linear regression was used to examine the association between serum 25(OH)D and ΔBW or ΔWC, SNP-score × 25(OH)D interactions were examined, and results from the individual cohorts were meta-analyzed. In the meta-analyses, we found no evidence of an association between 25(OH)D and ΔBW (-9.4 gram/y per 10 nmol/L higher 25(OH)D [95% CI: -23.0, +4.3; P = 0.18]) or ΔWC (-0.06 mm/y per 10 nmol/L higher 25(OH)D [95% CI: -0.17, +0.06; P = 0.33]). Furthermore, we found no statistically significant interactions between the four SNP-scores and 25(OH)D in relation to ΔBW or ΔWC. Thus, in view of the narrow CIs, our results suggest that an association between 25(OH)D and changes in measures of adiposity is absent or marginal. Similarly, the study provided evidence that there is either no or very limited dependence on genetic predisposition to adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C. Larsen
- Research unit for Dietary Studies, the Parker Institute, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Max Moldovan
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ville Huikari
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Centre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tarunveer Singh Ahluwalia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Tea Skaaby
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Lotte N. Husemoen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Toft
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, P.O.Box 20, FI-90220 Oulu, 90029 OYS, Finland
| | - Chris Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research unit for Dietary Studies, the Parker Institute, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Larsen SC, Ängquist L, Østergaard JN, Ahluwalia TS, Vimaleswaran KS, Roswall N, Mortensen LM, Nielsen BM, Tjønneland A, Wareham NJ, Palli D, Masala G, Saris WHM, van der A DL, Boer JMA, Feskens EJM, Boeing H, Jakobsen MU, Loos RJF, Sørensen TIA, Overvad K. Intake of Total and Subgroups of Fat Minimally Affect the Associations between Selected Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the PPARγ Pathway and Changes in Anthropometry among European Adults from Cohorts of the DiOGenes Study. J Nutr 2016; 146:603-11. [PMID: 26865646 PMCID: PMC6217916 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.219675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway is central in adipogenesis, it remains unknown whether it influences change in body weight (BW) and whether dietary fat has a modifying effect on the association. OBJECTIVES We examined whether 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 4 genes in the PPARγ pathway are associated with the OR of being a BW gainer or with annual changes in anthropometry and whether intake of total fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, or saturated fat has a modifying effect on these associations. METHODS A case-noncase study included 11,048 men and women from cohorts in the European Diet, Obesity and Genes study; 5552 were cases, defined as individuals with the greatest BW gain during follow-up, and 6548 were randomly selected, including 5496 noncases. We selected 4 genes [CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (CEBPB), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, PPARγ gene (PPARG), and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1] according to evidence about biologic plausibility for interactions with dietary fat in weight regulation. Diet was assessed at baseline, and anthropometry was followed for 7 y. RESULTS The ORs for being a BW gainer for the 27 genetic variants ranged from 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.03) to 1.12 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.22) per additional minor allele. Uncorrected, CEBPB rs4253449 had a significant interaction with the intake of total fat and subgroups of fat. The OR for being a BW gainer for each additional rs4253449 minor allele per 100 kcal higher total fat intake was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.12; P = 0.008), and similar associations were found for subgroups of fat. CONCLUSIONS Among European men and women, the influence of dietary fat on associations between SNPs in the PPARγ pathway and anthropometry is likely to be absent or marginal. The observed interaction between rs4253449 and dietary fat needs confirmation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane N Østergaard
- The Department for Health and Care, Aarhus Municipality, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ledreborg Allé 34, DK-2820 Copenhagen, Denmark,Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK.,The Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Roswall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte M Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Birgit M Nielsen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark,COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ledreborg Allé 34, DK-2820 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Wim HM Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, 6200MD The Netherlands
| | - Daphne L van der A
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda MA Boer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Edith JM Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Marianne U Jakobsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ruth JF Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA,The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Thorkild IA Sørensen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Alborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Larsen SC, Ängquist L, Laurin C, Morgen CS, Jakobsen MU, Paternoster L, Smith GD, Olsen SF, Sørensen TIA, Nohr EA. Association between Maternal Fish Consumption and Gestational Weight Gain: Influence of Molecular Genetic Predisposition to Obesity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150105. [PMID: 26930408 PMCID: PMC4773113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies suggest that fish consumption can restrict weight gain. However, little is known about how fish consumption affects gestational weight gain (GWG), and whether this relationship depends on genetic makeup. Objective To examine the association between fish consumption and GWG, and whether this relationship is dependent on molecular genetic predisposition to obesity. Design A nested case-cohort study based on the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) sampling the most obese women (n = 990) and a random sample of the remaining participants (n = 1,128). Replication of statistically significant findings was attempted in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (n = 4,841). We included 32 body mass index (BMI) associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 5 SNPs found associated with GWG. BMI associated SNPs were combined in a genetic risk score (GRS). Associations between consumption of fish, GRS or individual variants and GWG were analysed, and interactions between fish and the GRS or individual variants were examined. Results In the DNBC, each portion/week (150 g) of fatty fish was associated with a higher GWG of 0.58 kg (95% CI: 0.16, 0.99, P<0.01). For total fish and lean fish, similar patterns were observed, but these associations were not statistically significant. We found no association between GRS and GWG, and no interactions between GRS and dietary fish on GWG. However, we found an interaction between the PPARG Pro12Ala variant and dietary fish. Each additional Pro12Ala G-allele was associated with a GWG of -0.83 kg (95% CI: -1.29, -0.37, P<0.01) per portion/week of dietary fish, with the same pattern for both lean and fatty fish. In ALSPAC, we were unable to replicate these findings. Conclusion We found no consistent evidence of association between fish consumption and GWG, and our results indicate that the association between dietary fish and GWG has little or no dependency on GRS or individual SNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charles Laurin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla S. Morgen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne U. Jakobsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sjurdur F. Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Centre for Fetal Programming, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen A. Nohr
- Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ankarfeldt MZ, Larsen SC, Ängquist L, Husemoen LLN, Roswall N, Overvad K, Jakobsen MU, Halkjær J, Tjønneland A, Linneberg A, Toft U, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Heitmann BL, Astrup A, Sørensen TIA. Interaction between genetic predisposition to adiposity and dietary protein in relation to subsequent change in body weight and waist circumference. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110890. [PMID: 25350854 PMCID: PMC4211714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic predisposition to adiposity may interact with dietary protein in relation to changes of anthropometry. Objective To investigate the interaction between genetic predisposition to higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) or waist-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRBMI) and dietary protein in relation to subsequent change in body weight (ΔBW) or change in WC (ΔWC). Design Three different Danish cohorts were used. In total 7,054 individuals constituted the study population with information on diet, 50 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMI, WC or WHRBMI, as well as potential confounders. Mean follow-up time was ∼5 years. Four genetic predisposition-scores were based on the SNPs; a complete-score including all selected adiposity- associated SNPs, and three scores including BMI, WC or WHRBMI associated polymorphisms, respectively. The association between protein intake and ΔBW or ΔWC were examined and interactions between SNP-score and protein were investigated. Analyses were based on linear regressions using macronutrient substitution models and meta-analyses. Results When protein replaced carbohydrate, meta-analyses showed no associations with ΔBW (41.0 gram/y/5 energy% protein, [95% CI: −32.3; 114.3]) or ΔWC (<−0.1 mm/y/5 energy % protein, [−1.1; 1.1]). Similarly, there were no interactions for any SNP-scores and protein for either ΔBW (complete SNP-score: 1.8 gram/y/5 energy% protein/risk allele, [−7.0; 10.6]) or ΔWC (complete SNP-score: <0.1 mm/y/5 energy% protein/risk allele, [−0.1; 0.1]). Similar results were seen when protein replaced fat. Conclusion This study indicates that the genetic predisposition to general and abdominal adiposity, assessed by gene-scores, does not seem to modulate the influence of dietary protein on ΔBW or ΔWC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Z. Ankarfeldt
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Sofus C. Larsen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Lotte N. Husemoen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Roswall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marianne Uhre Jakobsen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jytte Halkjær
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Toft
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, NEXS, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Roswall N, Ängquist L, Ahluwalia TS, Romaguera D, Larsen SC, Østergaard JN, Halkjaer J, Vimaleswaran KS, Wareham NJ, Bendinelli B, Palli D, Boer JMA, van der A DL, Boeing H, Loos RJF, Sørensen TIA, Tjønneland A. Association between Mediterranean and Nordic diet scores and changes in weight and waist circumference: influence of FTO and TCF7L2 loci. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:1188-97. [PMID: 25099543 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.089706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet measured by using the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) is associated with lower obesity risk. The newly proposed Nordic Diet could hold similar beneficial effects. Because of the increasing focus on the interaction between diet and genetic predisposition to adiposity, studies should consider both diet and genetics. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether FTO rs9939609 and TCF7L2 rs7903146 modified the association between the MDS and Nordic diet score (NDS) and changes in weight (Δweight), waist circumference (ΔWC), and waist circumference adjusted for body mass index (BMI) (ΔWCBMI). DESIGN We conducted a case-cohort study with a median follow-up of 6.8 y that included 11,048 participants from 5 European countries; 5552 of these subjects were cases defined as individuals with the greatest degree of unexplained weight gain during follow-up. A randomly selected subcohort included 6548 participants, including 5496 noncases. Cases and noncases were compared in analyses by using logistic regression. Continuous traits (ie, Δweight, ΔWC, and ΔWCBMI) were analyzed by using linear regression models in the random subcohort. Interactions were tested by including interaction terms in models. RESULTS A higher MDS was significantly inversely associated with case status (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.00), ΔWC (β = -0.010 cm/y; 95% CI: -0.020, -0.001 cm/y), and ΔWCBMI (β = -0.008; 95% CI:-0.015, -0.001) per 1-point increment but not Δweight (P = 0.53). The NDS was not significantly associated with any outcome. There was a borderline significant interaction between the MDS and TCF7L2 rs7903146 on weight gain (P = 0.05), which suggested a beneficial effect of the MDS only in subjects who carried 1 or 2 risk alleles. FTO did not modify observed associations. CONCLUSIONS A high MDS is associated with a lower ΔWC and ΔWCBMI, regardless of FTO and TCF7L2 risk alleles. For Δweight, findings were less clear, but the effect may depend on the TCF7L2 rs7903146 variant. The NDS was not associated with anthropometric changes during follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Roswall
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Lars Ängquist
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Dora Romaguera
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Jane N Østergaard
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Jytte Halkjaer
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Karani S Vimaleswaran
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Nicolas J Wareham
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Domenico Palli
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Jolanda M A Boer
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Daphne L van der A
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Heiner Boeing
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- From the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, JH, and AT); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (LÄ, SCL, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA and TIAS); the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark (TSA); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (DR); the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Mallorca, Spain (DR); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (KSV, NJW, and RJFL); the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (KSV); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (JNØ); the Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy (BB and DP); the Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands (JMAB and DLvdA); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, New York, NY (RJFL)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Larsen SC, Angquist L, Ahluwalia TS, Skaaby T, Roswall N, Tjønneland A, Halkjær J, Overvad K, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Linneberg A, Husemoen LLN, Toft U, Heitmann BL, Sørensen TIA. Dietary ascorbic acid and subsequent change in body weight and waist circumference: associations may depend on genetic predisposition to obesity--a prospective study of three independent cohorts. Nutr J 2014; 13:43. [PMID: 24886192 PMCID: PMC4024624 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cross-sectional data suggests that a low level of plasma ascorbic acid positively associates with both Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC). This leads to questions about a possible relationship between dietary intake of ascorbic acid and subsequent changes in anthropometry, and whether such associations may depend on genetic predisposition to obesity. Hence, we examined whether dietary ascorbic acid, possibly in interaction with the genetic predisposition to a high BMI, WC or waist-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHR), associates with subsequent annual changes in weight (∆BW) and waist circumference (∆WC). Methods A total of 7,569 participants’ from MONICA, the Diet Cancer and Health study and the INTER99 study were included in the study. We combined 50 obesity associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four genetic scores: a score of all SNPs and a score for each of the traits (BMI, WC and WHR) with which the SNPs associate. Linear regression was used to examine the association between ascorbic acid intake and ΔBW or ΔWC. SNP-score × ascorbic acid interactions were examined by adding product terms to the models. Results We found no significant associations between dietary ascorbic acid and ∆BW or ∆WC. Regarding SNP-score × ascorbic acid interactions, each additional risk allele of the 14 WHR associated SNPs associated with a ∆WC of 0.039 cm/year (P = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.005 to 0.073) per 100 mg/day higher ascorbic acid intake. However, the association to ∆WC only remained borderline significant after adjustment for ∆BW. Conclusion In general, our study does not support an association between dietary ascorbic acid and ∆BW or ∆WC, but a diet with a high content of ascorbic acid may be weakly associated to higher WC gain among people who are genetically predisposed to a high WHR. However, given the quite limited association any public health relevance is questionable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C Larsen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen, entrance 5, ground floor, 2000, Frederiksberg Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Larsen SC, Ängquist L, Ahluwalia TS, Skaaby T, Roswall N, Tjønneland A, Halkjær J, Overvad K, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Linneberg A, Husemoen LLN, Toft U, Heitmann BL, Sørensen TI. Interaction between genetic predisposition to obesity and dietary calcium in relation to subsequent change in body weight and waist circumference. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:957-65. [PMID: 24500147 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.076596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies indicate an effect of dietary calcium on change in body weight (BW) and waist circumference (WC), but the results are inconsistent. Furthermore, a relation could depend on genetic predisposition to obesity. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine whether genetic predisposition to higher body mass index (BMI), WC, or waist-hip ratio (WHR) interacts with dietary calcium in relation to subsequent annual change in BW (ΔBW) and WC (ΔWC). DESIGN The study was based on 7569 individuals from the MONItoring trends and determinants of CArdiovascular disease Study, a sample from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study and the INTER99 study, with information on diet; 54 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMI, WC, or WHR adjusted for BMI; and potential confounders. The SNPs were combined in 4 scores as indicators of genetic predisposition; all SNPs in a general score and a score for each of 3 phenotypes: BMI, WC, and WHR. Linear regression was used to examine the association between calcium intake and ΔBW or ΔWC adjusted for concurrent ΔBW. SNP score × calcium interactions were examined by adding product terms to the models. RESULTS We found a significant ΔBW of -0.076 kg (P = 0.021; 95% CI: -0.140, -0.012) per 1000 mg Ca. No significant association was observed between dietary calcium and ΔWC. In the analyses with ΔBW as outcome, we found no significant interactions between the developed predisposition scores and calcium. However, we found a significant interaction between a score of 6 WC-associated SNPs and calcium in relation to ΔWC. Each risk allele was associated with a ΔWC of -0.043 cm (P = 0.038; 95% CI: -0.083, -0.002) per 1000 mg Ca. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that dietary calcium relates weakly to BW loss. We found no evidence of a general association between calcium and ΔWC, but calcium may reduce WC among people genetically predisposed to a high WC. However, further replication of this finding is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C Larsen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (SCL, LÄ, BLH, and TIAS); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TSA, OP, TH, and TIAS); the Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark (TS, AL, LLNH, UT, and BLH); the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (NR, AT, and JH); the Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO); the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO); the National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (BLH); and the Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (BLH)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Larsen SC, Ängquist L, Sørensen TIA, Heitmann BL. 24h urinary sodium excretion and subsequent change in weight, waist circumference and body composition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69689. [PMID: 23936079 PMCID: PMC3723894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the same period as the increasing obesity epidemic, there has been an increased consumption of highly processed foods with a high salt content, and a few studies have suggested that a diet with a high salt content may be associated with obesity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between 24 h urinary sodium excretion and subsequent change in body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), body fat (BF) and fat free mass (FFM) among adults. DESIGN A longitudinal population study based on the Danish part of the MONICA project, with examinations in 1987-1988 and 1993-1994. Complete information on 24 h urinary sodium excretion along with repeated measures of obesity, as well as on potential confounders, was obtained from 215 subjects. Linear regression was used to examine the association between sodium excretion, as a measure of salt consumption, and subsequent changes in BW, WC, BF and FFM, and further evaluated by restricted cubic splines. Stepwise adjustments were made for selected covariates. RESULTS Neither the crude nor the adjusted models showed any statistically significant associations between sodium excretion and change in BW or WC. Likewise, we found no significant association between sodium excretion and change in BF and FFM in the unadjusted models. However, after adjusting for potential baseline confounders and the concurrent BW change, we found a significant increase in BF of 0.24 kg (P = 0.015, CI: 0.05 to 0.43) per 100 mmol increase in 24 h urinary sodium excretion (equivalent to 6 g of salt), during the 6-year study period. Moreover, during the same period, we found a significant association with FFM of -0.21 kg (P = 0.041, CI: -0.40 to -0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a diet with a high salt content may have a negative influence on development in body composition by expanding BF and reducing FFM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C Larsen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Copenhagen University Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Song W, Woodworth JF, Grassian VH, Larsen SC. Microscopic and macroscopic characterization of organosilane-functionalized nanocrystalline NaZSM-5. Langmuir 2005; 21:7009-14. [PMID: 16008416 DOI: 10.1021/la050559i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline NaZSM-5 zeolites with systematically varied particle sizes (15, 60, and 200 nm) were functionalized with organosilanes. Through the systematic variation of particle size and therefore external surface area of NaZSM-5, the extent of functionalization and location of functional groups were spectroscopically verified. 29Si magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provided conclusive evidence that the silanol groups located on the external surface of NaZSM-5 were functionalized through reaction with the organosilanes. The 29Si NMR results provided quantitative information about the extent of functionalization on NaZSM-5. A nitroxide spin label was adsorbed on the external surface of NaZSM-5 to probe the surface properties by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The macroscopic and microscopic properties, such as the behavior of functionalized NaZSM-5 in different solvents, and the specific surface areas were also investigated. The hydrophobicity of the functionalized NaZSM-5 was found to increase relative to the parent NaZSM-5 as expected for an organic surface coating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wiench JW, Fontenot CJ, Woodworth JF, Schrader GL, Pruski M, Larsen SC. Magnetic Resonance Investigation of Vanadia and Vanadium−Molybdenum Gels Synthesized with Peroxovanadate Precursors. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:1756-62. [PMID: 16851155 DOI: 10.1021/jp045848e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vanadia gels and vanadium-molybdenum oxide gels were investigated using the magnetic resonance techniques, EPR spectroscopy and (51)V MAS NMR spectroscopy. The vanadium oxide gels were derived from the reaction of H(2)O(2) and V(2)O(5), and the vanadium-molybdenum oxide (VMoO) gels were derived from the reaction of peroxovanadates with an ammonium molybdate solution. EPR spectroscopy was utilized to determine quantitative information about the concentration of V(4+) paramagnetic species present in the samples and additional structural information about the V(4+) coordination environment. (51)V MAS NMR spectroscopy was used to elucidate the V(5+) electronic environment and how it changes as a function of molybdenum content. The observed line broadening of the (51)V NMR signal with increasing molybdenum content was correlated with an increase in the concentration of paramagnetic species as monitored by EPR spectroscopy. The evolution of various vanadium sites during thermal treatment was also investigated. This work provides further support for the hypothesis that the selectivity of VMoO catalysts in the oxidation of 1,3-butadiene to maleic anhydride is due to the presence of paramagnetic V(4+) sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Wiench
- Ames Laboratory (U.S. Department of Energy) and Department of Chemical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Nanocrystalline zeolites, such as silicalite-1 and zeolite Y, were synthesized in high yield by periodically removing nanocrystals from the synthesis solution and recycling the unused reagents, including the template and T-atom sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Song
- Department of Chemistry University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Song W, Justice RE, Jones CA, Grassian VH, Larsen SC. Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption properties of nanocrystalline ZSM-5. Langmuir 2004; 20:8301-6. [PMID: 15350106 DOI: 10.1021/la049516c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline ZSM-5 with a Si/Al ratio of 20 was synthesized using clear solutions and a hydrothermal synthesis procedure. The resulting ZSM-5 materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption isotherms, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and toluene adsorption. A commercial ZSM-5 sample was similarly characterized for comparison with the synthesized materials. The particle sizes of the synthesized ZSM-5 samples were calculated using the measured external surface areas and were determined to be 15 and 60 nm. SEM images indicated that the ZSM-5 samples consist of agglomerated and possibly intergrown particles. Toluene adsorption measurements showed that the ZSM-5 sample with a particle size of 15 nm adsorbed approximately 50% more toluene than the other ZSM-5 samples, most likely due to the adsorption of toluene on the external surface. For the toluene adsorbed on the internal zeolite surface, approximately one toluene molecule was adsorbed per channel intersection for each of the ZSM-5 samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Song W, Justice RE, Jones CA, Grassian VH, Larsen SC. Size-dependent properties of nanocrystalline silicalite synthesized with systematically varied crystal sizes. Langmuir 2004; 20:4696-702. [PMID: 15969184 DOI: 10.1021/la049817m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Silicalite-1 powders with crystal sizes ranging from 20 to 1000 nm were synthesized by systematically varying synthesis gel composition, pressure, temperature, and time duration. These samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption isotherms, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and toluene adsorption. The effect of crystal size on the physical properties of crystals is observed, including a large increase of both total and external surface area when crystal size decreases. The relationship between particle size and external surface area was modeled by assuming a cubic crystal geometry. The nanosized silicalite samples with crystal sizes less than 100 nm have a higher adsorption capacity for toluene, showing promising potential for its application in volatile organic compound removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Song W, Kanthasamy R, Grassian VH, Larsen SC. Hexagonal, hollow, aluminium-containing ZSM-5 tubes prepared from mesoporous silica templatesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: XRD patterns for MS and MS coated with silicalite-1 during the hydrothermal synthesis procedure. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b4/b406753c/. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:1920-1. [PMID: 15340601 DOI: 10.1039/b406753c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hexagonal hollow ZSM-5 tubes were synthesized using mesoporous silica with a worm-like morphology as the template. A new method for aluminium incorporation during the hydrothermal synthesis step was developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
|