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Bauvois B, Nguyen-Khac F, Merle-Béral H, Susin SA. CD38/NAD + glycohydrolase and associated antigens in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: From interconnected signalling pathways to therapeutic strategies. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00165-2. [PMID: 39009062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a heterogenous disease characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic CD5+/CD19+ B lymphocytes. The spreading of the leukaemia relies on the CLL cell's ability to survive in the blood and migrate to and proliferate within the bone marrow and lymphoid tissues. Some patients with CLL are either refractory to the currently available therapies or relapse after treatment; this emphasizes the need for novel therapeutic strategies that improving clinical responses and overcome drug resistance. CD38 is a marker of a poor prognosis and governs a set of survival, proliferation and migration signals that contribute to the pathophysiology of CLL. The literature data evidence a spatiotemporal association between the cell surface expression of CD38 and that of other CLL antigens, such as the B-cell receptor (BCR), CD19, CD26, CD44, the integrin very late antigen 4 (VLA4), the chemokine receptor CXCR4, the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGF-R2), and the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin receptor (NGAL-R). Most of these proteins contribute to CLL cell survival, proliferation and trafficking, and cooperate with CD38 in multilayered signal transduction processes. In general, these antigens have already been validated as therapeutic targets in cancer, and a broad repertoire of specific monoclonal antibodies and derivatives are available. Here, we review the state of the art in this field and examine the therapeutic opportunities for cotargeting CD38 and its partners in CLL, e.g. by designing novel bi-/trispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bauvois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Florence Nguyen-Khac
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Hélène Merle-Béral
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Santos A Susin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006, Paris, France.
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2
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Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang X. Advances in epigenetic alterations of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: from pathogenesis to treatment. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:54. [PMID: 38492089 PMCID: PMC10944427 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with alterations in genetic expression and epigenetic modifications. In recent years, the new insight into epigenetics in the pathogenesis of CLL has been developed considerably, including DNA methylation, histone modification, RNA methylation, non-coding RNAs as well as chromatin remodeling. Epigenetic modification regulates various processes such as stem cell biology, cell growth, and tumorigenesis without altering gene sequence. Growing evidence indicates that the disturbance of gene expression profiles which were regulated by epigenetic modifications exerts vital roles in the development and progress in CLL, which provides novel perspectives to explore the etiology of CLL. In addition, the integration with epigenetic therapeutic targets and the in-depth understanding of epigenetic therapy contribute to develop new therapeutic strategies for CLL. Herein, the present review discusses the advances of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognostic assessment of CLL patients and also highlights existing and emerging agents targeting epigenetic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, China.
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3
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Bauvois B, Chapiro E, Quiney C, Maloum K, Susin SA, Nguyen-Khac F. The Value of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Receptor as a Novel Partner of CD38 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From an Adverse Prognostic Factor to a Potential Pharmacological Target? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2335. [PMID: 37760777 PMCID: PMC10525793 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic B lymphocytes that escape death, and correlates with the expression of negative prognostic markers such as the CD38 antigen. Although certain new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration improve the clinical outcome of CLL patients, drug resistance and disease relapse still occur. Like CD38, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin receptor (NGAL-R) is frequently overexpressed in CLL cells. Here, we evaluated the concomitant surface expression of NGAL-R and CD38 in leukemic blood cells from 52 CLL patients (37 untreated, 8 in clinical remission, and 7 relapsed). We provide evidence of a positive correlation between NGAL-R and CD38 levels both in the interpatient cohorts (p < 0.0001) and in individual patients, indicating a constitutive association of NGAL-R and CD38 at the cell level. Patients with progressing CLL showed a time-dependent increase in NGAL-R/CD38 levels. In treated CLL patients who achieved clinical remission, NGAL-R/CD38 levels were decreased, and were significantly lower than in the untreated and relapsed groups (p < 0.02). As NGAL-R and CD38 participate in CLL cell survival, envisioning their simultaneous inhibition with bispecific NGAL-R/CD38 antibodies capable of inducing leukemic cell death might provide therapeutic benefit for CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bauvois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.C.); (K.M.); (S.A.S.); (F.N.-K.)
| | - Elise Chapiro
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.C.); (K.M.); (S.A.S.); (F.N.-K.)
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d’Hématologie Biologique, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Claire Quiney
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d’Hématologie Biologique, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Karim Maloum
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.C.); (K.M.); (S.A.S.); (F.N.-K.)
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d’Hématologie Biologique, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Santos A. Susin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.C.); (K.M.); (S.A.S.); (F.N.-K.)
| | - Florence Nguyen-Khac
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.C.); (K.M.); (S.A.S.); (F.N.-K.)
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d’Hématologie Biologique, F-75013 Paris, France;
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Poppova L, Pavlova S, Gonzalez B, Kotaskova J, Plevova K, Dumbovic G, Janovska P, Bystry V, Panovska A, Bezdekova L, Maslejova S, Brychtova Y, Doubek M, Krzyzankova M, Borsky M, Mayer J, Bryja V, Alonso S, Pospisilova S. Memory B-cell like chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is associated with specific methylation profile of WNT5A promoter and undetectable expression of WNT5A gene. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1628-1635. [PMID: 35333703 PMCID: PMC9621079 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2050004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome methylation profiles define naïve-like (n-CLL), memory-like (m-CLL), and intermediate (i-CLL) subsets of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The profiles can be easily determined by the analysis of the five-CpG signature. m-CLL, i-CLL, and n-CLL with the good, intermediate, and poor prognoses, respectively, differ by the somatic hypermutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene (IGHV), a widely used prognostic predictor in CLL. We have previously shown that the expression of WNT5A, encoding a ROR1 ligand, distinguishes patients with the worse outcome within the prognostically favourable IGHV-mutated subgroup. To analyse the mechanisms controlling WNT5A expression, we investigated the methylation status of 54 CpG sites within the WNT5A promoter and its relation to the WNT5A gene expression. In a cohort of 59 CLL patients balanced for combinations of IGHV and WNT5A statuses, we identified three promoter CpG sites whose methylation level correlated with the WNT5A expression within the IGHV-mutated subgroup. Further, we complemented our data with the methylation status of the five-CpG signature. IGHV-mutated/WNT5A-negative and IGHV-mutated/WNT5A-positive cases overlapped with m‑CLL and i‑CLL methylation subgroups, respectively, while most IGHV‑unmutated samples were assigned to n-CLL. Median methylation levels of all the three CpG sites in the WNT5A promoter were lowest in i-CLL. Finally, a detailed analysis of m-CLL and i-CLL showed that undetectable WNT5A expression predicts longer treatment-free survival with higher statistical significance than the classification according to the five-CpG signature. To conclude, a favourable m-CLL subgroup is associated with mutated IGHV and undetectable WNT5A expression due to its promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Poppova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pavlova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Beatriz Gonzalez
- IGTP-PMPPC: Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jana Kotaskova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Plevova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabrijela Dumbovic
- IGTP-PMPPC: Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pavlina Janovska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Bystry
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Panovska
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bezdekova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Maslejova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yvona Brychtova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Krzyzankova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Borsky
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Alonso
- IGTP-PMPPC: Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Halit C, Elif YN, Hasan MA, Sacide P, Yasemin O, Deniz D, Mehmet AU. Methylation of APC2, NR3C1, and DRD2 gene promoters in turkish patients with tobacco use disorder. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:160-166. [PMID: 35170441 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_25_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Many studies have investigated the association of the methylation of gene and tobacco use disorders (TUD), but results remain ambiguous. Aims This study evaluated the relationship between methylation of Adenomatosis Polyposis Coli (APC), Nuclear Receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), Dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene promoters, and its effect on TUD. Subjects and Methods We recruited 154 active smokers and 111 healthy non-smoker controls. PCR based methods on genomic DNA characterized the methylation of APC2, NR3C1, and DRD2 gene promoters. Results We have found a significant difference in methylation of APC2 for TUD compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). The partial methylation ratio was about an eight-fold increase in smokers compared to healthy controls. NR3C1 methylation was slightly higher in TUD patients compared to the control group, but the difference was not significant between the two groups (%95.33 vs. 91.08, P = 0.269). DRD2 methylation ratio was not significant between TUD patients and healthy control groups (P = 0.894). Conclusion We think that it is important to detect APC2 methylated cases earlier and to advise them to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinarka Halit
- Department of Chest Disease, University of Health Sciences, Yedikule Training and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul
| | - Y Niksarlıoğlu Elif
- Department of Chest Disease, University of Health Sciences, Yedikule Training and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Aytaç Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry, Malazgirt State Hospital, Mus, Turkey
| | - Pehlivan Sacide
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oyaci Yasemin
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dogan Deniz
- Department of Chest Disease, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Uysal Mehmet
- Department of Chest Disease, University of Health Sciences, Yedikule Training and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Takam Kamga P, Bazzoni R, Dal Collo G, Cassaro A, Tanasi I, Russignan A, Tecchio C, Krampera M. The Role of Notch and Wnt Signaling in MSC Communication in Normal and Leukemic Bone Marrow Niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:599276. [PMID: 33490067 PMCID: PMC7820188 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.599276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch and Wnt signaling are highly conserved intercellular communication pathways involved in developmental processes, such as hematopoiesis. Even though data from literature support a role for these two pathways in both physiological hematopoiesis and leukemia, there are still many controversies concerning the nature of their contribution. Early studies, strengthened by findings from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), have focused their investigation on the mutations in genes encoding for components of the pathways, with limited results except for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in because in other leukemia the two pathways could be hyper-expressed without genetic abnormalities. As normal and malignant hematopoiesis require close and complex interactions between hematopoietic cells and specialized bone marrow (BM) niche cells, recent studies have focused on the role of Notch and Wnt signaling in the context of normal crosstalk between hematopoietic/leukemia cells and stromal components. Amongst the latter, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) play a pivotal role as multipotent non-hematopoietic cells capable of giving rise to most of the BM niche stromal cells, including fibroblasts, adipocytes, and osteocytes. Indeed, MSCs express and secrete a broad pattern of bioactive molecules, including Notch and Wnt molecules, that support all the phases of the hematopoiesis, including self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Herein, we provide an overview on recent advances on the contribution of MSC-derived Notch and Wnt signaling to hematopoiesis and leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Takam Kamga
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- EA4340-BCOH, Biomarker in Cancerology and Onco-Haematology, UVSQ, Université Paris Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Riccardo Bazzoni
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giada Dal Collo
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adriana Cassaro
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tanasi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Russignan
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Tecchio
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Mohamad A, Hassan R, Husin A, Johan MF, Sulong S. Aberrant Methylation of Tumour Suppressor Gene ADAM12 in Chronic Lympocytic Leukemia Patients: Application of Methylation Specific-PCR Technique. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:85-91. [PMID: 33507683 PMCID: PMC8184192 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a common leukemia among Caucasians but rare in Asians population. We postulated that aberrant methylation either hypermethylation or partial methylation might be one of the silencing mechanisms that inactivates the tumour suppressor genes in CLL. This study aimed to compare the methylation status of tumour suppressor gene, ADAM12, among CLL patients and normal individuals. We also evaluated the association between methylation of ADAM12 and clinical and demographic characteristics of the participants. Methods: A total of 25 CLL patients and 25 normal individuals were recruited in this study. The methylation status of ADAM12 was determined using Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP); whereas, DNA sequencing method was applied for validation of the MSP results. Results: Among CLL patients, 12 (48%) were partially methylated and 13 (52%) were unmethylated. Meanwhile, 5 (20%) and 20 (80.6%) of healthy individuals were partially methylated and unmethylated, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between the status of methylation at ADAM12 and the presence of CLL (p=0.037). Conclusion: The aberrant methylation of ADAM12 found in this study using MSP assay may provide new exposure to CLL that may improve the gaps involved in genetic epigenetic study in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohamad
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rosline Hassan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Husin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sarina Sulong
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Xiao F, Chen W, Yu C, Zhao G. MicroRNA-663b enhances migration and invasion by targeting adenomatous polyposis coli 2 in colorectal carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3701-3710. [PMID: 32382323 PMCID: PMC7202279 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Dysregulation of microRNA (miR)-663b has been reported in a variety of diseases. However, the specific biological function of miR-663b in CRC requires further investigation. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role and underlying molecular mechanism of action of miR-663b in CRC. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis and western blot analysis were employed to measure the expression of miR-663b at the RNA and protein level, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated by the Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the potential target gene of miR-663b. The expression of miR-663b was identified to be markedly upregulated in CRC cells. Ectopic miR-663b expression promoted CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibited apoptosis. The dual-luciferase reporter assay identified adenomatous polyposis coli 2 (APC2) as a direct target of miR-663b in CRC cells. Further investigation indicated that miR-663b was involved in CRC cell invasion through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Therefore, overexpression of miR-663b was able to promote CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through targeting APC2, suggesting that miR-663b may be a useful target for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenqiang Xiao
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wangbin Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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9
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Asmaa MJS, Al-Jamal HA, Hussein AR, Yahaya BH, Hassan R, Hussain FA, Shamsuddin S, Johan MF. Transcriptomic Profiles of MV4-11 and Kasumi 1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines Modulated by Epigenetic Modifiers Trichostatin A and 5-Azacytidine. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2020; 14:72-92. [PMID: 32337016 PMCID: PMC7167603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemias in adults which is clinically and molecularly heterogeneous. Several risk and genetic factors have been widely investigated to characterize AML. However, the concomitant epigenetic factors in controlling the gene expression lead to AML transformation was not fully understood. This study was aimed to identify epigenetically regulated genes in AML cell lines induced by epigenetic modulating agents, Trichostatin A (TSA) and 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza). Materials and Methods: MV4-11 and Kasumi 1 were treated with TSA and/or 5-Aza at IC50 concentration. Gene expression profiling by microarray was utilized using SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression v3. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway annotations were analyzed by DAVID bioinformatics software using EASE enrichment score. mRNA expression of the differentially expressed genes were verified by quantitative real time PCR. Results: Gene expression analysis revealed a significant changes in the expression of 24,822, 15,720, 15,654 genes in MV4-11 and 12,598, 8828, 18,026 genes in Kasumi 1, in response to TSA, 5-Aza and combination treatments, respectively, compared to non-treated (p<0.05). 7 genes (SOCS3, TUBA1C, CCNA1, MAP3K6, PTPRC, STAT6 and RUNX1) and 4 genes (ANGPTL4, TUBB2A, ADAM12 and PTPN6) shown to be predominantly expressed in MV4-11 and Kasumi 1, respectively (EASE<0.1). The analysis also revealed phagosome pathway commonly activated in both cell lines. Conclusion: Our data showed a distinct optimal biological characteristic and pathway in different types of leukemic cell lines. These finding may help in the identification of cell-specific epigenetic biomarker in the pathogenesis of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Roslin Hassan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Faezahtul Arbaeyah Hussain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia,Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Fetisov TI, Lesovaya EA, Yakubovskaya MG, Kirsanov KI, Belitsky GA. Alterations in WNT Signaling in Leukemias. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 83:1448-1458. [PMID: 30878020 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918120039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the role of impairments in the WNT signaling pathway in pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms of the hematopoietic system. Disorders in the WNT/β-catenin signaling in leukemias identified to date include hypersensitivity to the WNT ligands, epigenetic repression of WNT antagonists, overexpression of WNT ligands, impaired β-catenin degradation in the cytoplasm, and changes in the activity of the TCF/Lef transcription factors. At the molecular level, these impairments involve overexpression of the FZD protein, hypermethylation of the SFRP, DKK, WiF, Sox, and CXXC gene promoters, overexpression of Lef1 and plakoglobin, mutations in GSK3β, and β-catenin phosphorylation by the BCR-ABL kinase. This review is devoted to the systematization of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Fetisov
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - E A Lesovaya
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia.,Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, 390026, Russia
| | - M G Yakubovskaya
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - K I Kirsanov
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - G A Belitsky
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
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11
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Gu S, Lin S, Ye D, Qian S, Jiang D, Zhang X, Li Q, Yang J, Ying X, Li Z, Tang M, Wang J, Jin M, Chen K. Genome-wide methylation profiling identified novel differentially hypermethylated biomarker MPPED2 in colorectal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:41. [PMID: 30846004 PMCID: PMC6407227 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alternation is a common contributing factor to neoplastic transformation. Although previous studies have reported a cluster of aberrant promoter methylation changes associated with silencing of tumor suppressor genes, little is known concerning their sequential DNA methylation changes during the carcinogenetic process. The aim of the present study was to address a genome-wide search for identifying potentially important methylated changes and investigate the onset and pattern of methylation changes during the progression of colorectal neoplasia. METHODS A three-phase design was employed in this study. In the screening phase, DNA methylation profile of 12 pairs of colorectal cancer (CRC) and adjacent normal tissues was analyzed by using the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Significant CpG sites were selected based on a cross-validation analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Methylation levels of candidate CpGs were assessed using pyrosequencing in the training dataset (tumor lesions and adjacent normal tissues from 46 CRCs) and the validation dataset (tumor lesions and paired normal tissues from 13 hyperplastic polyps, 129 adenomas, and 256 CRCs). A linear mixed-effects model was used to examine the incremental changes of DNA methylation during the progression of colorectal neoplasia. RESULTS The comparisons between normal and tumor samples in the screening phase revealed an extensive CRC-specific methylomic pattern with 174,006 (21%) methylated CpG sites, of which 22,232 (13%) were hyermethylated and 151,774 (87%) were hypomethylated. Hypermethylation mostly occurred in CpG islands with an overlap of gene promoters, while hypomethylation tended to be mapped far away from functional regions. Further cross validation analysis from TCGA dataset confirmed 265 hypermethylated promoters coupling with downregulated gene expression. Among which, hypermethylated changes in MEEPD2 promoter was successfully replicated in both training and validation phase. Significant hypermethylation appeared since precursor lesions with an extensive modification in CRCs. The linear mixed-effects modeling analysis found that a cumulative pattern of MPPED2 methylation changes from normal mucosa to hyperplastic polyp to adenoma, and to carcinoma (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that epigenetic alterations of MPPED2 promoter region appear sequentially during the colorectal neoplastic progression. It might be able to serve as a promising biomarker for early diagnosis and stage surveillance of colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shujuan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ding Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Sangni Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Danjie Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaocong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qilong Li
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 345 Jiefangdong Road, Jiashan, 314100, China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 345 Jiefangdong Road, Jiashan, 314100, China
| | - Xiaojiang Ying
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxingbei Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxingbei Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Mengling Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingjuan Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Cancer Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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12
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Hypermethylation of APC2 Is a Predictive Epigenetic Biomarker for Chinese Colorectal Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:8619462. [PMID: 30510602 PMCID: PMC6231383 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8619462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate methylation of the adenomatosis polyposis coli homologue (APC2) promoter and its correlation with prognostic implications in Chinese colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The mRNA expression of APC2 in colorectal tissues was evaluated using the database of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Methylation analysis of APC2 in tumor (n = 66) and corresponding adjacent formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues (n = 44) was performed by Sequenom EpiTYPER® and verified by cloning-based bisulfite sequencing analysis. Demethylation and retrieval of APC2 expression in cell lines HT29, HCT116, and SW480 were treated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZC). Results Analysis of TCGA showed that APC2 mRNA was significantly downregulated in primary tumors when compared to normal tissues (p < 0.05). APC2 methylation was upregulated (43.93% vs 7.31%, p < 0.05) in tumors compared to adjacent FFPE tissues. In vitro experiments demonstrated that 5-AZC downregulated the methylation of APC2 and retrieved its expression of mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression indicated that APC2_CPG_14 was an independent risk factor for overall survival (HR = 6.38, 95% CI: 1.59–25.64, p < 0.05). Conclusion This study indicates that APC2 is hypermethylated and may be a tumorigenesis biomarker for Chinese CRC patients.
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13
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Mansouri L, Wierzbinska JA, Plass C, Rosenquist R. Epigenetic deregulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Clinical and biological impact. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 51:1-11. [PMID: 29427646 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated transcriptional control caused by aberrant DNA methylation and/or histone modifications is a hallmark of cancer cells. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common adult leukemia, the epigenetic 'landscape' has added a new layer of complexity to our understanding of this clinically and biologically heterogeneous disease. Early studies identified aberrant DNA methylation, often based on single gene promoter analysis with both biological and clinical impact. Subsequent genome-wide profiling studies revealed differential DNA methylation between CLLs and controls and in prognostics subgroups of the disease. From these studies, it became apparent that DNA methylation in regions outside of promoters, such as enhancers, is important for the regulation of coding genes as well as for the regulation of non-coding RNAs. Although DNA methylation profiles are reportedly stable over time and in relation to therapy, a higher epigenetic heterogeneity or 'burden' is seen in more aggressive CLL subgroups, albeit as non-recurrent 'passenger' events. More recently, DNA methylation profiles in CLL analyzed in relation to differentiating normal B-cell populations revealed that the majority of the CLL epigenome reflects the epigenomes present in the cell of origin and that only a small fraction of the epigenetic alterations represents truly CLL-specific changes. Furthermore, CLL patients can be grouped into at least three clinically relevant epigenetic subgroups, potentially originating from different cells at various stages of differentiation and associated with distinct outcomes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the DNA methylome in CLL, the role of histone modifying enzymes, highlight insights derived from animal models and attempts made to target epigenetic regulators in CLL along with the future directions of this rapidly advancing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Justyna Anna Wierzbinska
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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Topalovic V, Krstic A, Schwirtlich M, Dolfini D, Mantovani R, Stevanovic M, Mojsin M. Epigenetic regulation of human SOX3 gene expression during early phases of neural differentiation of NT2/D1 cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184099. [PMID: 28886103 PMCID: PMC5590877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sox3/SOX3 is one of the earliest neural markers in vertebrates. Together with the Sox1/SOX1 and Sox2/SOX2 genes it is implicated in the regulation of stem cell identity. In the present study, we performed the first analysis of epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation and histone marks) involved in the regulation of the human SOX3 gene expression during RA-induced neural differentiation of NT2/D1 cells. We show that the promoter of the human SOX3 gene is extremely hypomethylated both in undifferentiated NT2/D1 cells and during the early phases of RA-induced neural differentiation. By employing chromatin immunoprecipitation, we analyze several histone modifications across different regions of the SOX3 gene and their dynamics following initiation of differentiation. In the same timeframe we investigate profiles of selected histone marks on the promoters of human SOX1 and SOX2 genes. We demonstrate differences in histone signatures of SOX1, SOX2 and SOX3 genes. Considering the importance of SOXB1 genes in the process of neural differentiation, the present study contributes to a better understanding of epigenetic mechanisms implicated in the regulation of pluripotency maintenance and commitment towards the neural lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladanka Topalovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marija Schwirtlich
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diletta Dolfini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Milena Stevanovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mojsin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
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Rani L, Mathur N, Gupta R, Gogia A, Kaur G, Dhanjal JK, Sundar D, Kumar L, Sharma A. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling integrated with gene expression profiling identifies PAX9 as a novel prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:57. [PMID: 28572861 PMCID: PMC5450117 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), epigenomic and genomic studies have expanded the existing knowledge about the disease biology and led to the identification of potential biomarkers relevant for implementation of personalized medicine. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine and integrate the global DNA methylation changes with gene expression profile and their impact on clinical outcome in early stage CLL patients. Results The integration of DNA methylation profile (n = 14) with the gene expression profile (n = 21) revealed 142 genes as hypermethylated-downregulated and; 62 genes as hypomethylated-upregulated in early stage CLL patients compared to CD19+ B-cells from healthy individuals. The mRNA expression levels of 17 genes identified to be differentially methylated and/or differentially expressed was further examined in early stage CLL patients (n = 93) by quantitative real time PCR (RQ-PCR). Significant differences were observed in the mRNA expression of MEIS1, PMEPA1, SOX7, SPRY1, CDK6, TBX2, and SPRY2 genes in CLL cells as compared to B-cells from healthy individuals. The analysis in the IGHV mutation based categories (Unmutated = 39, Mutated = 54) revealed significantly higher mRNA expression of CRY1 and PAX9 genes in the IGHV unmutated subgroup (p < 0.001). The relative risk of treatment initiation was significantly higher among patients with high expression of CRY1 (RR = 1.91, p = 0.005) or PAX9 (RR = 1.87, p = 0.001). High expression of CRY1 (HR: 3.53, p < 0.001) or PAX9 (HR: 3.14, p < 0.001) gene was significantly associated with shorter time to first treatment. The high expression of PAX9 gene (HR: 3.29, 95% CI 1.172–9.272, p = 0.016) was also predictive of shorter overall survival in CLL. Conclusions The DNA methylation changes associated with mRNA expression of CRY1 and PAX9 genes allow risk stratification of early stage CLL patients. This comprehensive analysis supports the concept that the epigenetic changes along with the altered expression of genes have the potential to predict clinical outcome in early stage CLL patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-017-0356-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Rani
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Nitin Mathur
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Ajay Gogia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, DBT-AIST International Laboratory of Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | - Durai Sundar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, DBT-AIST International Laboratory of Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
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Yi J, Gao R, Chen Y, Yang Z, Han P, Zhang H, Dou Y, Liu W, Wang W, Du G, Xu Y, Wang J. Overexpression of NSUN2 by DNA hypomethylation is associated with metastatic progression in human breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20751-20765. [PMID: 27447970 PMCID: PMC5400542 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
NSUN2 is a RNA methyltransferase that has been shown to be implicated in development of human cancer. However, the functional role of NSUN2, mechanism of NSUN2 overexpression and its association with clinicopathologic features in breast cancer remain unclear. To investigate alterations in the expression and functional role of NSUN2 in breast cancer, NSUN2 expression was assessed in breast cancer cells and tissues obtained from cancers at different American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages, and its functions were investigated using breast cancer cells. NSUN2 expression was shown to be significantly higher in breast cancer cells and tissues than in normal breast epithelial cells and tissues, at both mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of NSUN2 was shown to promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while NSUN2 knockdown inhibited these processes in vitro and in vivo. NSUN2 expression level was associated with the methylation level of its promoter. Our results demonstrated that the overall expression of NSUN2 significantly correlated with clinical stage (P=0.027), tumor classification (P=0.012), pathological differentiation (P=0.023), as well as with the expression levels of estrogen receptor (P<0.001), progesterone receptor (P=0.001), and Ki-67 (P<0.001). Our findings provide a unique insight into the roles and effects of NSUN2 overexpression in breast cancer cells, and highlight the necessity of the investigation of novel therapeutic targets, such as NSUN2, for the improvement of breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Dou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Martinelli S, Maffei R, Fiorcari S, Quadrelli C, Zucchini P, Benatti S, Potenza L, Luppi M, Marasca R. The expression of endothelin-1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is controlled by epigenetic mechanisms and extracellular stimuli. Leuk Res 2017; 54:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Shahjahani M, Mohammadiasl J, Noroozi F, Seghatoleslami M, Shahrabi S, Saba F, Saki N. Molecular basis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia diagnosis and prognosis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:93-109. [PMID: 25563586 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia in adults and is characterized by a clonal accumulation of mature apoptosis-resistant neoplastic cells. It is also a heterogeneous disease with a variable clinical outcome. Here, we present a review of currently known (epi)genetic alterations that are related to the etiology, progression and chemo-refractoriness of CLL. Relevant literature was identified through a PubMed search (1994-2014) of English-language papers using the terms CLL, signaling pathway, cytogenetic abnormality, somatic mutation, epigenetic alteration and micro-RNA. RESULTS CLL is characterized by the presence of gross chromosomal abnormalities, epigenetic alterations, micro-RNA expression alterations, immunoglobulin heavy chain gene mutations and other genetic lesions. The expression of unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) genes, ZAP-70 and CD38 proteins, the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities such as 17p and 11q deletions and mutations of the NOTCH1, SF3B1 and BIRC3 genes have been associated with a poor prognosis. In addition, mutations in tumor suppressor genes, such as TP53 and ATM, have been associated with refractoriness to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Micro-RNA expression alterations and aberrant methylation patterns in genes that are specifically deregulated in CLL, including the BCL-2, TCL1 and ZAP-70 genes, have also been encountered and linked to distinct clinical parameters. CONCLUSIONS Specific chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations may serve as diagnostic and prognostic indicators for disease progression and survival. The identification of these anomalies by state-of-the-art molecular (cyto)genetic techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray-based genomic profiling and next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be of paramount help for the clinical management of these patients, including optimal treatment design. The efficacy of novel therapeutics should to be tested according to the presence of these molecular lesions in CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahjahani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Rozovski U, Hazan-Halevy I, Keating MJ, Estrov Z. Personalized medicine in CLL: current status and future perspectives. Cancer Lett 2014; 352:4-14. [PMID: 23879961 PMCID: PMC3871981 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common hematologic malignancy in the Western Hemisphere. Despite advances in research and the development of effective treatment regimens, CLL is still largely an incurable disease. Although several prognostic factors have been identified in recent years, most of the new prognostic factors are not utilized, and treatment decisions are still based on clinical staging and limited use of cytogenetic analysis. Patients with advanced disease are treated at diagnosis, whereas others, regardless of their prognostic indicators, are offered treatment only at disease progression. Furthermore, treatment guidelines for elderly or "unfit" patients are unavailable because most CLL trials have included mostly younger, healthier patients. Given theheterogeneity of the clinical manifestations and prognosis of CLL, patients are likely to benefit from a personalized therapeutic approach. Recent advances in CLL pathobiology research, the use of high-throughput technologies, and most importantly, the introduction of novel targeted therapies with high efficacy and low toxicity are currently transforming the treatment of CLL. A personalized approach that includes early intervention in selected patients with CLL is likely to bring physicians closer to the goal of attaining cures in most patients with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Rozovski
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Inbal Hazan-Halevy
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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20
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Beta M, Chitipothu S, Khetan V, Biswas J, Krishnakumar S. Hypermethylation of adenomatosis polyposis coli-2 and its tumor suppressor role in retinoblastoma. Curr Eye Res 2014; 40:719-28. [PMID: 25207834 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.954673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinoblastoma (RB) is a progressive eye cancer of infancy and childhood. Hypermethylation, epigenetic silencing of genes is one of the key events in tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study is to investigate hypermethylation of adenomatosis polyposis coli homologue, APC-2 and possible interaction of APC-2 with Wnt signaling β-catenin protein in Retinoblastoma. METHODOLOGY Primary RB tumor samples and cell line were used for the study. DNA isolation, bisulfite conversion, methylation specific PCR and DNA sequencing analysis of PCR products were performed to identify CpG islands and methylation in primary RB tumor samples (n = 30). Chemical demethylation and retrieval of APC-2 expression was studied using 5-Azacytidine (5'-AZC). Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, western blot were performed for APC-2 expression analysis in demethylated Y79 cells. Co-localization study was conducted to understand the interaction between APC-2 and β-catenin. RESULTS APC-2 gene was methylated and down regulated in primary RB tumors. We observed that 70% of RB tumors (21/30) showed positivity with APC-2 methylation. The RB Y79 cells after treatment with demethylating agent 5'-AZC retrieved APC-2 expression, which was confirmed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Flow cytometry showed APC-2 expression of 29.22% in 5'-AZC treated cells. Co-localization study showed interaction of APC-2 and RB upregulated β-catenin in Y79 cells. CONCLUSION We report that APC-2 gene is hypermethylated in both RB tumor samples and Y79 cells. Reduced APC-2 lead to increased Wnt signaling pathway protein, β-catenin suggesting tumor suppressive role of APC-2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Beta
- L & T Ocular Pathology Department, Vision Research Foundation , Chennai, Tamil Nadu , India
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Abstract
Over the past few years, massively parallel sequencing technologies have revealed with high resolution the tremendous genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We have learned how the molecular architecture differs not only between affected individuals but also within samples and over time. These insights have catalyzed our understanding of the pathobiology of CLL and point to critical signaling pathways in the development and progression of the disease. Several key driver alterations have been identified, which serve to refine prognostic schemata but also to inspire the development of new therapeutic strategies. Ongoing advances in technology promise to further elucidate the molecular basis of CLL, and this knowledge is anticipated to aid us in understanding and addressing the clinical challenge presented by the vast variability in the clinical course of patients with CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Epigenomics
- Genetic Heterogeneity
- Genome/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Gruber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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22
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Ronchetti D, Tuana G, Rinaldi A, Agnelli L, Cutrona G, Mosca L, Fabris S, Matis S, Colombo M, Gentile M, Recchia AG, Kwee I, Bertoni F, Morabito F, Ferrarini M, Neri A. Distinct patterns of global promoter methylation in early stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 53:264-73. [PMID: 24347044 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic and epigenomic studies of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are reshaping our understanding of the disease and have provided new perspectives for a more individualized diagnosis and new potential therapeutic targets. In this study, the global promoter methylation profile was determined in highly purified B-cells from 37 (Binet stage A) CLL patients, using high-resolution methylation microarrays (27,578 CpG). Overall, the methylation pattern correlated with the major biological (ZAP-70 and CD38), and molecular (IGHV mutation) markers, distinguishing CLL cases according to IGHV mutational status. Cell adhesion molecules were enriched in the signature of unmutated (UM) versus mutated (M-) CLL. Moreover, in M-CLL CpG hyper-methylation in three genes, including SPG20, was significantly anti-correlated with the corresponding gene expression level. Finally, the correlation between the methylation pattern and clinical parameters was investigated. Notably, out of 42 methyl-probes that were significantly associated with progression free survival (PFS), hyper-methylation of SPG20 was also positively associated with PFS. These data support the notion that epigenetic changes have clinical impact in CLL and may contribute to the identification of novel candidate disease-associated genes potentially useful to predict the clinical outcome of early stage CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Ronchetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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23
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Poulain S, Roumier C, Galiègue-Zouitina S, Daudignon A, Herbaux C, Aiijou R, Lainelle A, Broucqsault N, Bertrand E, Manier S, Renneville A, Soenen V, Tricot S, Roche-Lestienne C, Duthilleul P, Preudhomme C, Quesnel B, Morel P, Leleu X. Genome wide SNP array identified multiple mechanisms of genetic changes in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Am J Hematol 2013; 88:948-54. [PMID: 23861223 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SNP array (SNPa) was developed to detect copy number alteration (CNA) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) without copy number changes, CN-LOH. We aimed to identify novel genomic aberrations using SNPa in 31 WM with paired samples. Methylation status and mutation were analyzed on target genes. A total of 61 genetic aberrations were observed, 58 CNA (33 gains, 25 losses) in 58% of patients and CN-LOH in 6% of patients. The CNA were widely distributed throughout the genome, including 12 recurrent regions and identified new cryptic clonal chromosomal lesions that were mapped. Gene set expression analysis demonstrated a relationship between either deletion 6q or gain of chromosome 4 and alteration of gene expression profiling. We then studied methylation status and sought for mutations in altered regions on target genes. We observed methylation of DLEU7 on chromosome 13 in all patients (n = 12) with WM, and mutations of CD79B/CD79A genes (17q region), a key component of the BCR pathway, in 15% of cases. Most importantly, higher frequency of ≥3 CNA was observed in symptomatic WM. In conclusion, this study expands the view of the genomic complexity of WM, especially in symptomatic WM, including a potentially new mechanism of gene dysfunction, acquired uniparental disomy/CN-LOH. Finally, we have identified new potential target genes in WM, such as DLEU7 and CD79A/B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Poulain
- Service d'Hématologie-Immunologie-Cytogénétique, CH, Valenciennes, France
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Next-generation sequencing of whole genomes, exomes and DNA methylomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has provided the first comprehensive view of somatic mutations and methylation changes in this disease. This review summarizes the recent findings in this field and their impact on our current understanding of this neoplasm. RECENT FINDINGS Genomic studies have revealed a remarkable molecular heterogeneity of the disease, with only few genes mutated in up to 10-15% of the patients and a relatively large number of genes recurrently mutated at low frequency. The mutated genes tend to cluster in different pathways that include NOTCH1 signaling, RNA splicing, processing and transport machinery, innate inflammatory response, and DNA damage and cell cycle control, among others. NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations are emerging as new drivers of aggressive forms of the disease. Genome-wide methylation studies have shown that CLL transformation is associated with a massive hypomethylation phenomenon frequently affecting the enhancer regions. This epigenetic reprogramming maintains an imprint of the putative cell of origin from naïve and memory B-cells. SUMMARY Genomic and epigenomic studies of CLL are reshaping our understanding of the disease and provide new perspective for a more individualized diagnosis and new potential therapeutic targets.
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25
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Darwiche K, Zarogoulidis P, Baehner K, Welter S, Tetzner R, Wohlschlaeger J, Theegarten D, Nakajima T, Freitag L. Assessment of SHOX2 methylation in EBUS-TBNA specimen improves accuracy in lung cancer staging. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2866-70. [PMID: 24026539 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a well-established method to assess mediastinal lymph nodes for lung cancer. However, a proportion of patients require further investigation, due to the low negative predictive value (NPV). The objective of this study was to determine whether the assessment of short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) DNA methylation level in lymph node tissue obtained by EBUS-TBNA improves the accuracy of mediastinal staging. PATIENTS AND METHODS EBUS-TBNA was carried out for suspicious lymph nodes of 154 patients. Negative or ambiguous histological results were confirmed by surgical means and clinical follow-up over 6 months. EBUS-TBNA was assessed on 80 positive and 85 negative classified lymph nodes and compared with the result of the SHOX2 DNA methylation real-time PCR analysis. Relative methylation measured by delta-delta cycle threshold (ΔΔCt) was used to classify the samples. Clinical performance of the EBUS-TBNA procedure with and without the additional SHOX2 assessment was calculated against the final classification according to the gold standard. RESULTS Based on data from 105 patients, an average 80-fold increase in the SHOX2 methylation level was measured for positive compared with negative lymph nodes. SHOX2 results with a ΔΔCt value of <6.5 indicate positive lymph nodes. Applying this molecular analysis to EBUS-TBNA cases, not diagnosed by pathologic assessment, the sensitivity of staging was improved by 17%-99%. The NPV increased from 80% to 99%. CONCLUSIONS The combination of EBUS-TBNA and SHOX2 methylation level strongly improves the assessment of the nodal status by identifying additional malignant lesions and confirming benign nodes and therefore avoiding invasive follow-up procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Darwiche
- Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Xu E, Gu J, Hawk ET, Wang KK, Lai M, Huang M, Ajani J, Wu X. Genome-wide methylation analysis shows similar patterns in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2750-6. [PMID: 23996928 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). To identify novel tumor suppressors involved in esophageal carcinogenesis and potential biomarkers for the malignant progression of BE, we performed a genome-wide methylation profiling of BE and EAC tissues. Using Illumina's Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip microarray, we examined the methylation status of 27 578 CpG sites in 94 normal esophageal (NE), 77 BE and 117 EAC tissue samples. The overall methylation of CpG sites within the CpG islands was higher, but outside of the CpG islands was lower in BE and EAC tissues than in NE tissues. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed an excellent separation of NE tissues from BE and EAC tissues; however, the clustering of BE and EAC tissues was less clear, suggesting that methylation occurs early during the progression of EAC. We confirmed many previously reported hypermethylated genes and identified a large number of novel hypermethylated genes in BE and EAC tissues, particularly genes encoding ADAM (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase) peptidase proteins, cadherins and protocadherins, and potassium voltage-gated channels. Pathway analysis showed that a number of channel and transporter activities were enriched for hypermethylated genes. We used pyrosequencing to validate selected candidate genes and found high correlations between the array and pyrosequencing data (rho > 0.8 for each validated gene). The differentially methylated genes and pathways may provide biological insights into the development and progression of BE and become potential biomarkers for the prediction and early detection of EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enping Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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27
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Figueroa ME, Chen SC, Andersson AK, Phillips LA, Li Y, Sotzen J, Kundu M, Downing JR, Melnick A, Mullighan CG. Integrated genetic and epigenetic analysis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3099-111. [PMID: 23921123 DOI: 10.1172/jci66203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the commonest childhood malignancy and is characterized by recurring structural genetic alterations. Previous studies of DNA methylation suggest epigenetic alterations may also be important, but an integrated genome-wide analysis of genetic and epigenetic alterations in ALL has not been performed. We analyzed 137 B-lineage and 30 T-lineage childhood ALL cases using microarray analysis of DNA copy number alterations and gene expression, and genome-wide cytosine methylation profiling using the HpaII tiny fragment enrichment by ligation-mediated PCR (HELP) assay. We found that the different genetic subtypes of ALL are characterized by distinct DNA methylation signatures that exhibit significant correlation with gene expression profiles. We also identified an epigenetic signature common to all cases, with correlation to gene expression in 65% of these genes, suggesting that a core set of epigenetically deregulated genes is central to the initiation or maintenance of lymphoid transformation. Finally, we identified aberrant methylation in multiple genes also targeted by recurring DNA copy number alterations in ALL, suggesting that these genes are inactivated far more frequently than suggested by structural genomic analyses alone. Together, these results demonstrate subtype- and disease-specific alterations in cytosine methylation in ALL that influence transcriptional activity, and are likely to exert a key role in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Figueroa
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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28
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Bosviel R, Durif J, Guo J, Mebrek M, Kwiatkowski F, Bignon YJ, Bernard-Gallon DJ. BRCA2 promoter hypermethylation in sporadic breast cancer. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2013; 16:707-10. [PMID: 23215809 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2012.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Landau DA, Wu CJ. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: molecular heterogeneity revealed by high-throughput genomics. Genome Med 2013; 5:47. [PMID: 23731665 PMCID: PMC3706960 DOI: 10.1186/gm451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been consistently at the forefront of genetic research owing to its prevalence and the accessibility of sample material. Recently, genome-wide technologies have been intensively applied to CLL genetics, with remarkable progress. Single nucleotide polymorphism arrays have identified recurring chromosomal aberrations, thereby focusing functional studies on discrete genomic lesions and leading to the first implication of somatic microRNA disruption in cancer. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has further transformed our understanding of CLL by identifying novel recurrently mutated putative drivers, including the unexpected discovery of somatic mutations affecting spliceosome function. NGS has further enabled in-depth examination of the transcriptional and epigenetic changes in CLL that accompany genetic lesions, and has shed light on how different driver events appear at different stages of disease progression and clonally evolve with relapsed disease. In addition to providing important insights into disease biology, these discoveries have significant translational potential. They enhance prognosis by highlighting specific lesions associated with poor clinical outcomes (for example, driver events such as mutations in the splicing factor subunit gene SF3B1) or with increased clonal heterogeneity (for example, the presence of subclonal driver mutations). Here, we review new genomic discoveries in CLL and discuss their possible implications in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan A Landau
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA ; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA ; Department of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06510, USA ; Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75013, France
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA ; Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA ; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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30
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Martinelli S, Kanduri M, Maffei R, Fiorcari S, Bulgarelli J, Marasca R, Rosenquist R. ANGPT2 promoter methylation is strongly associated with gene expression and prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Epigenetics 2013; 8:720-9. [PMID: 23803577 DOI: 10.4161/epi.24947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a key role for angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) in influencing the aggressiveness of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ANGPT2 causes vessel destabilization leading to neoangiogenesis. Accordingly, high expression levels of ANGPT2 and high degree of angiogenesis have consistently been associated with poor prognosis in CLL; however, the molecular mechanisms behind the variability in ANGPT2 expression are still to be discovered. Here, for the first time, we investigated the DNA methylation status of the ANGPT2 promoter in a large CLL cohort (n = 88) using pyrosequencing and correlated methylation data with ANGPT2 expression levels, prognostic factors and outcome. Importantly, methylation levels of the ANGPT2 gene correlated inversely with its mRNA expression levels (p<0.001). Moreover, low ANGPT2 methylation status was highly associated with adverse prognostic markers, shorter time to first treatment and overall survival. Finally, treatment with methyl inhibitors induced re-expression of ANGPT2 in two B-cell lymphoma cell lines, underscoring the importance of DNA methylation in regulating transcriptional silencing of this gene. In conclusion, we believe that the known variability in ANGPT2 expression among CLL patients could be explained by differential promoter DNA methylation and that low methylation levels of the ANGPT2 promoter have an adverse prognostic impact in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martinelli
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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31
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Cosialls AM, Santidrián AF, Coll-Mulet L, Iglesias-Serret D, González-Gironès DM, Pérez-Perarnau A, Rubio-Patiño C, González-Barca E, Alonso E, Pons G, Gil J. Epigenetic profile in chronic lymphocytic leukemia using methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Epigenomics 2013; 4:491-501. [PMID: 23130831 DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze the methylation status of 35 tumor suppressor genes using methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). MATERIALS & METHODS The DNA of 37 samples from patients with CLL, six healthy donors, and Jurkat and Ramos cell lines was analyzed by MS-MLPA. RESULTS Our results confirm that hypermethylation is a common and not randomly distributed event in CLL, and some genes, such as WT1, CDH13, IGSF4/TSLC1, GATA5, DAPK1 and RARB, are hypermethylated in more than 25% of the analyzed samples. Importantly, MS-MLPA also detected hypermethylation of some genes not reported previously in CLL, and their methylation status was confirmed by bisulfite sequencing. CONCLUSION These results indicate that MS-MLPA is a useful technique for the detection of methylation in CLL samples. Selecting CLL-specific methylation targets in order to generate a CLL-specific MS-MLPA probe set could enhance its usefulness as a tool in studies of risk stratification and guiding the best therapeutic decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Cosialls
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)-Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Rodríguez-Vicente AE, Díaz MG, Hernández-Rivas JM. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a clinical and molecular heterogenous disease. Cancer Genet 2013; 206:49-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cahill N, Rosenquist R. Uncovering the DNA methylome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Epigenetics 2013; 8:138-48. [PMID: 23321535 DOI: 10.4161/epi.23439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, aberrant DNA methylation has emerged as a key player in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and knowledge regarding its biological and clinical consequences in this disease has evolved rapidly. Since the initial studies relating DNA hypomethylation to genomic instability in CLL, a plethora of reports have followed showing the impact of DNA hypermethylation in silencing vital single gene promoters and the reversible nature of DNA methylation through inhibitor drugs. With the recognition that DNA hypermethylation events could potentially act as novel prognostic and treatment targets in CLL, the search for aberrantly methylated genes, gene families and pathways has ensued. Subsequently, the advent of microarray and next-generation sequencing technologies has supported the hunt for such targets, allowing exploration of the methylation landscape in CLL at an unprecedented scale. In light of these analyses, we now understand that different CLL prognostic subgroups are characterized by differential methylation profiles; we recognize DNA methylation of a number of signaling pathways genes to be altered in CLL, and acknowledge the role of DNA methylation outside of traditional CpG island promoters as fundamental players in the regulation of gene expression. Today, the significance and timing of altered DNA methylation within the complex epigenetic network of concomitant epigenetic messengers such as histones and miRNAs is an intensive area of research. In CLL, it appears that DNA methylation is a rather stable epigenetic mark occurring rather early in the disease pathogenesis. However, other consequences, such as how and why aberrant methylation marks occur, are less explored. In this review, we will not only provide a comprehensive summary of the current literature within the epigenetics field of CLL, but also highlight some of the novel findings relating to when, where, why and how altered DNA methylation materializes in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cahill
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology; Uppsala University; Uppsala, Sweden
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Taylor KH, Briley A, Wang Z, Cheng J, Shi H, Caldwell CW. Aberrant Epigenetic Gene Regulation in Lymphoid Malignancies. Semin Hematol 2013; 50:38-47. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Gene expression and epigenetic deregulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 792:133-50. [PMID: 24014295 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8051-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last decade resulted in many scientific discoveries illuminating epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation and genome organization. DNA methylation emerged as playing a pivotal role in development and cancer. Genome-wide changes in DNA methylation, including hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and genome-wide loss of methylation, are two dominant mechanisms that deregulate gene expression and contribute to chromosomal instability. In this chapter we give an overview of how methylation patterns are established during B-cell development and what machinery is necessary to maintain those patterns. We summarize the current state of knowledge of aberrant changes taking place during and contributing to lymphoid transformation in general and to the development of CLL in particular. We discuss key deregulated biomarkers extensively studied using single-gene approaches and give an overview of a wealth of data that became available from genome-wide approaches, focusing on pathways that are critical for lymphomagenesis. We also highlight epigenetic differences between known prognostic groups of CLL.
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36
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Epigenomic analysis detects widespread gene-body DNA hypomethylation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1236-42. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Cahill N, Bergh AC, Kanduri M, Göransson-Kultima H, Mansouri L, Isaksson A, Ryan F, Smedby KE, Juliusson G, Sundström C, Rosén A, Rosenquist R. 450K-array analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells reveals global DNA methylation to be relatively stable over time and similar in resting and proliferative compartments. Leukemia 2012; 27:150-8. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Characterization and expressional analysis of Dleu7 during Xenopus tropicalis embryogenesis. Gene 2012; 509:77-84. [PMID: 22939871 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the genomic structure and developmental expression of the Dleu7 (deleted in lymphocytic leukemia, 7) gene in Xenopus tropicalis and the evolution of the gene across species. Within the protein-coding sequence (CDS) region, X. tropicalis Dleu7 consists of two exons and one intron. However, bioinformatic analysis indicates that this 211-amino-acid protein contains no obvious functional domains or known motifs. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and whole-mount in situ hybridization results revealed that, in addition to its expression in the blood island region, some regions of the central nervous system, and subdomains of the neural tube, X. tropicalis Dleu7 is zygotically expressed primarily in mesoderm tissues such as notochord and muscles during early embryogenesis. Expression in notochord is consistent with results from genome-wide association studies suggesting that DLEU7 is related to human adult height. Expression in the blood island region, where blood cell precursors (including B cells) are generated, implies a potential conserved role for Dleu7 in B-cell development between amphibians and mammals. Expression of Dleu7 in some regions of the central nervous system and subdomains of the neural tube also suggests other functions in development. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Dleu7 is a vertebrate-specific gene and undergoes strong selective pressure in lower vertebrates but is functionally constrained in higher mammals. When subcellular localization was examined by overexpression of enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion protein, Dleu7 showed centrosome localization with main distribution in cytoplasm. Treating gastrula embryos with SU5402, a small molecular inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor, confirmed that Dleu7 expression in mesoderm is regulated by FGF signaling. Our data provide important clues for pathogenesis and physiology during development from the perspective of evolutionary conservation.
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Shinawi T, Hill V, Dagklis A, Baliakas P, Stamatopoulos K, Agathanggelou A, Stankovic T, Maher ER, Ghia P, Latif F. KIBRA gene methylation is associated with unfavorable biological prognostic parameters in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Epigenetics 2012; 7:211-5. [PMID: 22430796 DOI: 10.4161/epi.7.3.19222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-association domain family (RASSF) members are a family of genes containing an RA domain in either the C-terminus (RASSF1-RASSF6) or in the N-terminus (RASSF7-RASSF10). Members of this gene family are core members of the Salvador/Warts/Hippo (SWH) tumor suppressor network and have been shown to be involved in human tumorigenesis. Among the RASSF genes, RASSF1A is one of the most frequently methylated genes in a wide range of epithelial cancers, and we previously demonstrated that RASSF6 and RASSF10 genes are frequently epigenetically inactivated in acute leukemias, particularly in those of the B cell type. We here determined the methylation profiles of all members of the RASSF gene family as well as two recently identified (KIBRA, CRB3) upstream members of the SWH pathway in the leukemic B cells obtained from a well-characterized cohort of 95 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Among the RASSF genes, RASSF10 (50%) was the most frequently methylated gene, followed by RASSF6 (16%). The remaining RASSF genes were either unmethylated or showed a frequency of methylation < 10%. The upstream SWH member KIBRA was also frequently methylated in CLL (35%) in contrast to CRB3. Interestingly, the analysis of clinical-pathological parameters showed that KIBRA methylation was associated with unfavorable biological prognostic parameters, including unmutated IGHV genes (p = 0.007) and high CD38 expression (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoraia Shinawi
- University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical and Molecular Genetics, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Pei L, Choi JH, Liu J, Lee EJ, McCarthy B, Wilson JM, Speir E, Awan F, Tae H, Arthur G, Schnabel JL, Taylor KH, Wang X, Xu D, Ding HF, Munn DH, Caldwell C, Shi H. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis reveals novel epigenetic changes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Epigenetics 2012; 7:567-78. [PMID: 22534504 DOI: 10.4161/epi.20237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in CD19 (+) B-cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients and normal control samples using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). The methylation status of 1.8-2.3 million CpGs in the CLL genome was determined; about 45% of these CpGs were located in more than 23,000 CpG islands (CGIs). While global CpG methylation was similar between CLL and normal B-cells, 1764 gene promoters were identified as being differentially methylated in at least one CLL sample when compared with normal B-cell samples. Nineteen percent of the differentially methylated genes were involved in transcriptional regulation. Aberrant hypermethylation was found in all HOX gene clusters and a significant number of WNT signaling pathway genes. Hypomethylation occurred more frequently in the gene body including introns, exons, and 3'-UTRs in CLL. The NFATc1 P2 promoter and first intron was found to be hypomethylated and correlated with upregulation of both NFATc1 RNA and protein expression levels in CLL suggesting that an epigenetic mechanism is involved in the constitutive activation of NFAT activity in CLL cells. This comprehensive DNA methylation analysis will further our understanding of the epigenetic contribution to cellular dysfunction in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Pei
- GHSU Cancer Center; Georgia Health Sciences University; Augusta, GA, USA
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Florean C, Schnekenburger M, Grandjenette C, Dicato M, Diederich M. Epigenomics of leukemia: from mechanisms to therapeutic applications. Epigenomics 2012; 3:581-609. [PMID: 22126248 DOI: 10.2217/epi.11.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemogenesis is a multistep process in which successive transformational events enhance the ability of a clonal population arising from hematopoietic progenitor cells to proliferate, differentiate and survive. Clinically and pathologically, leukemia is subdivided into four main categories: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia has been previously considered only as a genetic disease. However, in recent years, significant advances have been made in the elucidation of the leukemogenesis-associated processes. Thus, we have come to understand that epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA are involved in the permanent changes of gene expression controlling the leukemia phenotype. In this article, we will focus on the epigenetic defects associated with leukemia and their implications as biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Florean
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Imboden M, Bouzigon E, Curjuric I, Ramasamy A, Kumar A, Hancock DB, Wilk JB, Vonk JM, Thun GA, Siroux V, Nadif R, Monier F, Gonzalez JR, Wjst M, Heinrich J, Loehr LR, Franceschini N, North KE, Altmüller J, Koppelman GH, Guerra S, Kronenberg F, Lathrop M, Moffatt MF, O'Connor GT, Strachan DP, Postma DS, London SJ, Schindler C, Kogevinas M, Kauffmann F, Jarvis DL, Demenais F, Probst-Hensch NM. Genome-wide association study of lung function decline in adults with and without asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:1218-28. [PMID: 22424883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and lung function level; however, none have addressed decline in lung function. OBJECTIVE We conducted the first genome-wide association study on the age-related decrease in FEV(1) and its ratio to forced vital capacity (FVC) stratified a priori by asthma status. METHODS Discovery cohorts included adults of European ancestry (1,441 asthmatic and 2,677 nonasthmatic participants: the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Disease in Adults, and the European Community Respiratory Health Survey). The associations of FEV(1) and FEV(1)/FVC ratio decrease with 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were estimated. Thirty loci were followed up by in silico replication (1,160 asthmatic and 10,858 nonasthmatic participants: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities, the Framingham Heart Study, the British 1958 Birth Cohort, and the Dutch Asthma Study). RESULTS Main signals identified differed between asthmatic and nonasthmatic participants. None of the SNPs reached genome-wide significance. The association between the height-related gene DLEU7 and FEV(1) decrease suggested for nonasthmatic participants in the discovery phase was replicated (discovery, P = 4.8 × 10(-6); replication, P = .03), and additional sensitivity analyses point to a relation to growth. The top ranking signal, TUSC3, which is associated with FEV(1)/FVC ratio decrease in asthmatic participants (P = 5.3 × 10(-8)), did not replicate. SNPs previously associated with cross-sectional lung function were not prominently associated with decline. CONCLUSIONS Genetic heterogeneity of lung function might be extensive. Our results suggest that genetic determinants of longitudinal and cross-sectional lung function differ and vary by asthma status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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Gui J, Patel IR. Recent advances in molecular technologies and their application in pathogen detection in foods with particular reference to yersinia. J Pathog 2011; 2011:310135. [PMID: 22567329 PMCID: PMC3335726 DOI: 10.4061/2011/310135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is an important zoonotic pathogen that can cause yersiniosis in humans and animals. Food has been suggested to be the main source of yersiniosis. It is critical for the researchers to be able to detect Yersinia or any other foodborne pathogen with increased sensitivity and specificity, as well as in real-time, in the case of a foodborne disease outbreak. Conventional detection methods are known to be labor intensive, time consuming, or expensive. On the other hand, more sensitive molecular-based detection methods like next generation sequencing, microarray, and many others are capable of providing faster results. DNA testing is now possible on a single molecule, and high-throughput analysis allows multiple detection reactions to be performed at once, thus allowing a range of characteristics to be rapidly and simultaneously determined. Despite better detection efficiencies, results derived using molecular biology methods can be affected by the various food matrixes. With the improvements in sample preparation, data analysis, and testing procedures, molecular detection techniques will likely continue to simplify and increase the speed of detection while simultaneously improving the sensitivity and specificity for tracking pathogens in food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gui
- College of Management and Technology, Walden University, 155 Fifth Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA
| | - Isha R. Patel
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, MOD 1 Facility, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
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Wiltgen M, Tilz GP. Molecular diagnosis and prognosis with DNA microarrays. Hematology 2011; 16:166-76. [PMID: 21669057 DOI: 10.1179/102453311x12953015767257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microarray analysis makes it possible to determine thousands of gene expression values simultaneously. Changes in gene expression, as a response to diseases, can be detected allowing a better understanding and differentiation of diseases at a molecular level. By comparing different kinds of tissue, for example healthy tissue and cancer tissue, the microarray analysis indicates induced gene activity, repressed gene activity or when there is no change in the gene activity level. Fundamental patterns in gene expression are extracted by several clustering and machine learning algorithms. Certain kinds of cancer can be divided into subtypes, with different clinical outcomes, by their specific gene expression patterns. This enables a better diagnosis and tailoring of individual patient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Wiltgen
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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Gunnarsson R, Rosenquist R. New insights into the pathobiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Hematop 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-011-0091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Bennett LB, Taylor KH, Arthur GL, Rahmatpanah FB, Hooshmand SI, Caldwell CW. Epigenetic regulation of WNT signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Epigenomics 2010; 2:53-70. [PMID: 20473358 PMCID: PMC2869094 DOI: 10.2217/epi.09.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain WNT and WNT network target genes are expressed at higher or lower levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia compared with normal B-cells. This includes upregulation of nuclear complex genes, as well as genes for cytoplasmic proteins and WNT ligands and their cognate receptors. In addition, epigenetic silencing of several negative regulators of the WNT pathway have been identified. The balance between epigenetic downregulation of negative effector genes and increased expression of positive effector genes demonstrate that the epigenetic downregulation of WNT antagonists is one mechanism, perhaps the main mechanism, that is permissive to active WNT signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Moreover, constitutive activation of the WNT network and target genes is likely to impact on additional interacting signaling pathways. Based on published studies, we propose a model of WNT signaling that involves mainly permissive expression, and sometimes overexpression, of positive effectors and downregulation of negative regulators in the network. In this model, DNA methylation, histone modifications and altered expression of microRNA molecules interact to allow continuous WNT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Charles W Caldwell
- Author for correspondence: Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, 115 Business Loop I-70 West, Columbia, MO 65203, USA, Tel.: +1 573 882 1234, Fax: +1 573 884 5206,
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Tost J, Herman JG. Welcome to Epigenomics. Epigenomics 2009; 1:1-3. [PMID: 22122628 DOI: 10.2217/epi.09.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Tost
- Centre National de Genotypage, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, France.
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