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Ajetunmobi OH, Badali H, Romo JA, Ramage G, Lopez-Ribot JL. Antifungal therapy of Candida biofilms: Past, present and future. Biofilm 2023; 5:100126. [PMID: 37193227 PMCID: PMC10182175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtually all Candida species linked to clinical candidiasis are capable of forming highly resistant biofilms on different types of surfaces, which poses an additional significant threat and further complicates therapy of these infections. There is a scarcity of antifungal agents, and their effectiveness, particularly against biofilms, is limited. Here we provide a historical perspective on antifungal agents and therapy of Candida biofilms. As we reflect upon the past, consider the present, and look towards the future of antifungal therapy of Candida biofilms, we believe that there are reasons to remain optimistic, and that the major challenges of Candida biofilm therapy can be conquered within a reasonable timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabayo H. Ajetunmobi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jesus A. Romo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jose L. Lopez-Ribot
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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2
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Chacko AZ, Misra S. Successful treatment of ureteral-stent-related fungal ball using fluconazole instillation through a nephrostomy tube. Urol Case Rep 2023; 50:102522. [PMID: 37601835 PMCID: PMC10433036 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2023.102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys are the most common solid organ to be infected by Candida sp. And may occur due to hematogenous spread, ascending infection, or with the presence of stent and nephrostomy tubes. Evidence for treatment is limited to case reports. We successfully cleared a candida infection of a ureteric stent in a 35-year-old diabetic gentleman by instilling 300 mg of fluconazole in 500 mL of normal saline over 8 hours once daily for 7 days via the nephrostomy tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Z. Chacko
- Department of Urology, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Raleigh Heights, Barnstaple, EX31 4JB, United Kingdom
| | - Soumya Misra
- Department of Urology, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Raleigh Heights, Barnstaple, EX31 4JB, United Kingdom
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3
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Wijaya M, Halleyantoro R, Kalumpiu JF. Biofilm: The invisible culprit in catheter-induced candidemia. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:467-485. [PMID: 37649801 PMCID: PMC10462453 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidemia is the most common form of invasive fungal infection associated with several risk factors, and one of them is the use of medical devices, to which microbial biofilms can attach. Candidemia related to the use of peripheral intravascular and central venous catheters (CVC) is referred to as Candida catheter-related bloodstream infection, with more than 90% being related to CVC usage. The infection is associated with a higher morbidity and mortality rate than nosocomial bacterial infections. Candida spp. can protect themselves from the host immune system and antifungal drugs because of the biofilm structure, which is potentiated by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis are the most pathogenic species often found to form biofilms associated with catheter usage. Biofilm formation of C. albicans includes four mechanisms: attachment, morphogenesis, maturation and dispersion. The biofilms formed between C. albicans and non-albicans spp. differ in ECM structure and composition and are associated with the persistence of colonization to infection for various catheter materials and antifungal resistance. Efforts to combat Candida spp. biofilm formation on catheters are still challenging because not all patients, especially those who are critically ill, can be recommended for catheter removal; also to be considered are the characteristics of the biofilm itself, which readily colonizes the permanent medical devices used. The limited choice and increasing systemic antifungal resistance also make treating it more difficult. Hence, alternative strategies have been developed to manage Candida biofilm. Current options for prevention or therapy in combination with systemic antifungal medications include lock therapy, catheter coating, natural peptide products and photodynamic inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiliyana Wijaya
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ryan Halleyantoro
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Jane Florida Kalumpiu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Banten, Indonesia
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4
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Huang Z, Dai H, Zhang X, Wang Q, Sun J, Deng Y, Shi P. BSC2 induces multidrug resistance via contributing to the formation of biofilm in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13391. [PMID: 34482605 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm plays an important role in fungal multidrug resistance (MDR). Our previous studies showed that BSC2 is involved in resistance to amphotericin B (AMB) through antioxidation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, the overexpression of BSC2 and IRC23 induced strong MDR in S. cerevisiae. BSC2-overexpression affected cellular flocculation, cell surface hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and invasive growth. However, it failed to induce caspofungin (CAS) resistance and affect the invasive growth in FLO mutant strains (FLO11Δ, FLO1Δ, FLO8Δ and TUP1Δ). Furthermore, the overexpression of BSC2 compensated for chitin synthesis defects to maintain the cell wall integrity and significantly reduced the cell morphology abnormality induced by CAS. However, it could not repair the cell wall damage caused by CAS in the FLO mutant strains. Although BSC2 overexpression increased the level of mannose in the cell wall, DPM1 overexpression in both BY4741 and bsc2∆ could confer resistance to CAS and AMB. In addition, BSC2 overexpression significantly increased the mRNA expression of FLO11, FLO1, FLO8 and TUP1. BSC2 may function as a regulator of FLO genes and be involved in cell wall integrity in yeast. Taken together, our data demonstrate that BSC2 induces MDR in a FLO pathway-dependent manner via contributing to the formation of biofilms in S. cerevisiae. TAKE AWAYS: Overexpression of BSC2 induced strong MDR in S. cerevisiae. BSC2 affected cellular flocculation, CSH, biofilm formation and invasive growth. BSC2 could not repair the cell wall damage caused by CAS in the FLO mutants. BSC2 may function as a regulator of FLO genes to maintain cell wall integrity. BSC2 promotes biofilm formation in a FLO pathway-dependent manner to induce MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongsheng Dai
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Yunxia Deng
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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5
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Li P, Seneviratne CJ, Luan Q, Jin L. Proteomic Analysis of Caspofungin-Induced Responses in Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:639123. [PMID: 33679674 PMCID: PMC7931687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.639123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans biofilms display markedly increased antifungal resistance, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the signature profiles of C. albicans planktonic cells and biofilms in response to caspofungin (CAS) by mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics. We found that C. albicans biofilms were twofold more resistant to CAS with reference to planktonic cells. Notably, 9.6% of C. albicans biofilm cells survived the lethal treatment of CAS (128 μg/ml), confirmed by LIVE/DEAD staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The responses of C. albicans planktonic cells and biofilms to CAS treatment at respective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were assessed by high-throughput proteomics and bioinformatics approaches. There were 148 and 224 proteins with >twofold difference identified from the planktonic cells and biofilms, respectively. CAS treatment downregulated several cell wall- and oxidative stress-related proteins. Whereas, CAS-induced action was compensated by markedly increased expression of many other proteins involved in cell wall integrity and stress response (e.g., heat shock proteins). Moreover, considerable expression changes were identified in metabolism-associated proteins like glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and ATP biosynthesis. Importantly, various key proteins for cell wall integrity, stress response and metabolic regulation (e.g., PIL1, LSP1, HSP90, ICL1, and MLS1) were exclusively enriched and implicated in C. albicans biofilms. This study demonstrates that C. albicans biofilms undergo highly complicated yet complex regulation of multiple cellular pathways in response to CAS. Signature proteins essential for modulating cell wall integrity, stress response and metabolic activities may account for the antifungal resistance of C. albicans biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chaminda J Seneviratne
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Rodríguez-Cerdeira C, Martínez-Herrera E, Carnero-Gregorio M, López-Barcenas A, Fabbrocini G, Fida M, El-Samahy M, González-Cespón JL. Pathogenesis and Clinical Relevance of Candida Biofilms in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:544480. [PMID: 33262741 PMCID: PMC7686049 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.544480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Candida spp. to form biofilms is crucial for its pathogenicity, and thus, it should be considered an important virulence factor in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and recurrent VVC (RVVC). Its ability to generate biofilms is multifactorial and is generally believed to depend on the site of infection, species and strain involved, and the microenvironment in which the infection develops. Therefore, both cell surface proteins, such as Hwp1, Als1, and Als2, and the cell wall-related protein, Sun41, play a critical role in the adhesion and virulence of the biofilm. Immunological and pharmacological approaches have identified the NLRP3 inflammasome as a crucial molecular factor contributing to host immunopathology. In this context, we have earlier shown that Candida albicans associated with hyphae-secreted aspartyl proteinases (specifically SAP4-6) contribute to the immunopathology of the disease. Transcriptome profiling has revealed that non-coding transcripts regulate protein synthesis post-transcriptionally, which is important for the growth of Candida spp. Other studies have employed RNA sequencing to identify differences in the 1,245 Candida genes involved in surface and invasive cellular metabolism regulation. In vitro systems allow the simultaneous processing of a large number of samples, making them an ideal screening technique for estimating various physicochemical parameters, testing the activity of antimicrobial agents, and analyzing genes involved in biofilm formation and regulation (in situ) in specific strains. Murine VVC models are used to study C. albicans infection, especially in trials of novel treatments and to understand the cause(s) for resistance to conventional therapeutics. This review on the clinical relevance of Candida biofilms in VVC focuses on important advances in its genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Moreover, recent experiments on the influence of biofilm formation on VVC or RVVC pathogenesis in laboratory animals have been discussed. A clear elucidation of one of the pathogenesis mechanisms employed by Candida biofilms in vulvovaginal candidiasis and its applications in clinical practice represents the most significant contribution of this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital do Meixoeiro and University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erick Martínez-Herrera
- Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca, Mexico
| | - Miguel Carnero-Gregorio
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Molecular Diagnosis (Array & NGS Division), Institute of Cellular and Molecular Studies, Lugo, Spain
| | - Adriana López-Barcenas
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Section of Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Manuel Gea González hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monika Fida
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine, Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - May El-Samahy
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - José Luís González-Cespón
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
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7
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Silva DDF, Cordeiro LV, Figueiredo PTR, Diniz-Neto H, Souza HDDS, Lima EDO. The impact that β-citronellol isomers have on the biofilm formation of Candida yeasts. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:6002-6006. [PMID: 32975125 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1813131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Infections associated with biofilms developed by Candida spp. are becoming a great problem due to its resistance against the immune response of the host and the action of antifungal agents. Hence, finding substances that can inhibit the development of biofilms increases the likelihood that these compounds one day can become good antifungals applied in the clinic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of β-citronellol enantiomers on the biofilm formation by Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis isolated from bloodstream infections. Inhibition was evaluated by reading microplates treated with different concentrations of R-(+)-β-citronellol, S-(-)-β-citronellol and amphotericin B, compared to negative control, in spectrophotometer at 590 nm. All tested concentrations of β-citronellol enantiomers inhibited the biofilm formation of Candida. However, it is still necessary to evaluate the behavior of these isomers on mature biofilms, so that they can become more viable as antifungal therapeutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele de Figueredo Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Laísa Vilar Cordeiro
- Post-Graduation Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Pedro Thiago Ramalho Figueiredo
- Post-Graduation Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Hermes Diniz-Neto
- Post-Graduation Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima
- Post-Graduation Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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8
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Song KY, Park C, Byun JH, Chun HS, Choi JH, Han EH, Lee SO, Jeong Y, Kim YJ, Kim SH. Fungal arthritis with adjacent osteomyelitis caused by Candida pelliculosa: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:438. [PMID: 32571233 PMCID: PMC7310117 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candida sp. osteoarticular infection is rare and most often due to hematogenous seeding during an episode of candidemia in immunocompromised patients. However, the diagnosis can be delayed in patients with subtle symptoms and signs of joint infection without a concurrent episode of candidemia. Case presentation A 75-year-old woman presented with a three-year history of pain and swelling of the left knee. Candida pelliculosa was detected from the intraoperative tissue when the patient had undergone left total knee arthroplasty 32 months ago, but no antifungal treatment was performed. One year after the total knee arthroplasty, C. pelliculosa was repeatedly isolated from the left knee synovial fluid and antifungal treatment comprising amphotericin B deoxycholate and fluconazole was administered. However, joint infection had extended to the adjacent bone and led to progressive joint destruction. The patient underwent surgery for prosthesis removal and received prolonged antifungal treatment with micafungin and fluconazole. Conclusions This case shows that C. pelliculosa, an extremely rare non-Candida albicans sp., can cause fungal arthritis and lead to irreversible joint destruction owing to delayed diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Yun Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulmin Park
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Byun
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Chun
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Choi
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ok Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 403-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Jeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 403-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Hyun Kim
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 403-720, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Reginatto P, Bergamo VZ, Berlitz SJ, Guerreiro ICK, de Andrade SF, Fuentefria AM. Rational selection of antifungal drugs to propose a new formulation strategy to control Candida biofilm formation on venous catheters. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1037-1049. [PMID: 32077074 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections associated with medical devices are often related to colonization by Candida spp. biofilm; in this way, numerous strategies have been developed and studied, mainly in order to prevent this type of fungal growth. AIM Considering the above, the main objective of the present study is to make a rational choice of the best antifungal therapy for the in vitro treatment of the biofilm on venous catheters, proposing an innovative formulation of a film-forming system to coat the surface in order to prevent the formation of biofilms. METHODOLOGY Anidulafungin, fluconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin B, and the association of anidulafungin and amphotericin B were tested against biofilms of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis strains in microtiter plates and in a polyurethane catheter. Besides, anidulafungin, amphotericin B, and the combination of both were incorporated in a film-forming system and were evaluated against biofilm. RESULTS The superior activity of anidulafungin was demonstrated in relation to the other antifungal agents. Although amphotericin B showed good activity, high concentrations were required. The combination showed a synergistic action, in solution and in the formulation, showing excellent results, with activity above 90%. CONCLUSION Due to the superiority of anidulafungin and the synergistic activity of the combination, these alternatives were the most promising options for use in a formulation proposal as a new strategy to combat the Candida spp. biofilm. These formulations demonstrated high in vitro performance in the prevention of biofilms, indicating that they are candidates with great potential for in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Reginatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Micologia Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Zafanelli Bergamo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Simone Jacobus Berlitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Irene Clemes Kulkamp Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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10
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Carmello JC, Alves F, Basso FG, de Souza Costa CA, Tedesco AC, Lucas Primo F, Mima EGDO, Pavarina AC. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reduces adhesion capacity and biofilm formation of Candida albicans from induced oral candidiasis in mice. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:402-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Merigo E, Chevalier M, Conti S, Ciociola T, Fornaini C, Manfredi M, Vescovi P, Doglio A. Antimicrobial effect on Candida albicans biofilm by application of different wavelengths and dyes and the synthetic killer decapeptide KP. Laser Ther 2019; 28:180-186. [PMID: 32009731 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.28_19-or-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the application in vitro of different laser wavelengths at a low fluence in combination or not with proper photosensitizing dyes on Candida albicans biofilm with or without a synthetic killer decapeptide (KP). Candida albicans SC5314 was grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates at 37°C for 24 h. Cells were suspended in RPMI 1640 buffered with MOPS and cultured directly on the flat bottom of 96-wells plates. The previously described killer decapeptide KP was used in this study. Three different combinations of wavelengths and dyes were applied, laser irradiation has been performed at a fluence of 10 J/cm2. The effect on C. albicans biofilm was evaluated by the XTT assay. Microscopic observations were realized by fluorescence optic microscopy with calcofluor white and propidium iodide. Compared with control, no inhibition of C. albicans biofilm viability was obtained with application of red, blue and green lasers alone or with any combination of red diode laser, toluidine blue and KP. The combined application of blue diode laser with curcumin and/or KP showed always a very significant inhibition, as curcumin alone and the combination of curcumin and KP did, while combination of blue diode laser and KP gave a less significant inhibition, the same obtained with KP alone. The combined application of green diode laser with erythrosine and/or KP showed always a very significant inhibition, as the combination of erythrosine and KP did, but no difference was observed with respect to the treatment with erythrosine alone. Again, combination of green diode laser and KP gave a significant inhibition, although paradoxically lower than the one obtained with KP alone. Treatment with KP alone, while reducing biofilm viability did not cause C. albicans death in the adopted experimental conditions. On the contrary, combined treatment with blue laser, curcumin and KP, as well as green laser, erythrosine and KP led to death most C. albicans cells. The combination of laser light at a fluence of 10 J/cm2 and the appropriate photosensitizing agent, together with the use of KP, proved to exert differential effects on C. albicans biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Merigo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.,Micoralis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Marlène Chevalier
- Micoralis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Stefania Conti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Tecla Ciociola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Fornaini
- Micoralis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,Group of Applied ElectroMagnetics, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Vescovi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Alain Doglio
- Micoralis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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12
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Černáková L, Light C, Salehi B, Rogel-Castillo C, Victoriano M, Martorell M, Sharifi-Rad J, Martins N, Rodrigues CF. Novel Therapies for Biofilm-Based Candida spp. Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1214:93-123. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Galán-Ladero MÁ, Blanco-Blanco MT, Fernández-Calderón MC, Lucio L, Gutiérrez-Martín Y, Blanco MT, Pérez-Giraldo C. Candida tropicalis biofilm formation and expression levels of the CTRG ALS-like genes in sessile cells. Yeast 2018; 36:107-115. [PMID: 30477048 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida tropicalis is an emergent pathogen with a high rate of mortality associated with it; however, less is known about its pathogenic capacity. Biofilm formation (BF) has important clinical repercussions, and it begins with adherence to a substrate. The adherence capacity depends principally on the cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and, at a later stage, on specific adherence due to adhesins. The ALS family in C. tropicalis, implicated in adhesion and BF, is represented in several CTRG genes. In this study, we determined the biofilm-forming ability, the primary adherence, and the CSH of C. tropicalis, including six isolates from blood and seven from urine cultures. We also compared the expression of four CTRG ALS-like genes (CTRG_01028, CTRG_02293, CTRG_03786, and CTRG_03797) in sessile versus planktonic cells, selected for their possible contribution to BF. All the C. tropicalis strains were biofilm producers, related to its filamentation capacity; all the strains displayed a high adherence ability correlated to the CSH, and all the strains expressed the CTRG genes in both types of growth. Urine isolates present, although not significantly, higher CSH, adherence, and biofilm formation than blood isolates. This study reveals that three CTRG ALS-like genes-except CTRG_03797-were more upregulated in biofilm cells, although with a considerable variation in expression across the strains studied and between the CTRG genes. C. tropicalis present a high biofilm capacity, and the overexpression of several CTRG ALS-like genes in the sessile cells suggests a role by the course of the biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Coronada Fernández-Calderón
- Area of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER BBN, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Lucio
- Area of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,Laboratorio de Salud Pública Badajoz, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gutiérrez-Martín
- Bioscience Applied Techniques Services, Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación UEx, Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Teresa Blanco
- Area of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER BBN, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ciro Pérez-Giraldo
- Area of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER BBN, Badajoz, Spain
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14
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Cavalheiro M, Teixeira MC. Candida Biofilms: Threats, Challenges, and Promising Strategies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:28. [PMID: 29487851 PMCID: PMC5816785 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida species are fungal pathogens known for their ability to cause superficial and systemic infections in the human host. These pathogens are able to persist inside the host due to the development of pathogenicity and multidrug resistance traits, often leading to the failure of therapeutic strategies. One specific feature of Candida species pathogenicity is their ability to form biofilms, which protects them from external factors such as host immune system defenses and antifungal drugs. This review focuses on the current threats and challenges when dealing with biofilms formed by Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis, highlighting the differences between the four species. Biofilm characteristics depend on the ability of each species to produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and display dimorphic growth, but also on the biofilm substratum, carbon source availability and other factors. Additionally, the transcriptional control over processes like adhesion, biofilm formation, filamentation, and EPS production displays great complexity and diversity within pathogenic yeasts of the Candida genus. These differences not only have implications in the persistence of colonization and infections but also on antifungal resistance typically found in Candida biofilm cells, potentiated by EPS, that functions as a barrier to drug diffusion, and by the overexpression of drug resistance transporters. The ability to interact with different species in in vivo Candida biofilms is also a key factor to consider when dealing with this problem. Despite many challenges, the most promising strategies that are currently available or under development to limit biofilm formation or to eradicate mature biofilms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Cavalheiro
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Cacho Teixeira
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Novickij V, Švedienė J, Paškevičius A, Markovskaja S, Girkontaitė I, Zinkevičienė A, Lastauskienė E, Novickij J. Pulsed electric field-assisted sensitization of multidrug-resistant Candida albicans to antifungal drugs. Future Microbiol 2017; 13:535-546. [PMID: 29227694 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Determine the influence of pH on the inactivation efficiency of Candida albicans in pulsed electric fields (PEF) and evaluate the possibilities for sensitization of a drug-resistant strain to antifungal drugs. MATERIALS & METHODS The effects of PEF (2.5-25 kVcm-1) with fluconazole, terbinafine and naftifine were analyzed at a pH range of 3.0-9.0. Membrane permeabilization was determined by flow cytometry and propidium iodide. RESULTS PEF induced higher inactivation of C. albicans at low pH and increased sensitivity to terbinafine and naftifine to which the strain was initially resistant. Up to 5 log reduction in cell survival was achieved. CONCLUSION A proof of concept that electroporation can be used to sensitize drug-resistant microorganisms was presented, which is promising for treating biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Naugarduko St 41, 03227 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Švedienė
- Laboratory of Biodeterioration Research, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algimantas Paškevičius
- Laboratory of Biodeterioration Research, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Laboratory of Microbiology of the Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Clinics, Santariškių St 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Svetlana Markovskaja
- Laboratory of Mycology, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų ežerų St 49, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Irutė Girkontaitė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Santariškių St 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Auksė Zinkevičienė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Santariškių St 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Lastauskienė
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Naugarduko St 41, 03227 Vilnius, Lithuania
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16
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Gallic acid/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex: Improving solubility for application on in vitro/ in vivo Candida albicans biofilms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181199. [PMID: 28700692 PMCID: PMC5507443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to increase the solubility of gallic acid (GA) for the treatment of Candida albicans biofilm, which is very difficult to treat and requires high drug concentrations. Cyclodextrins (CDs) were used for this purpose. Complexes were evaluated by phase-solubility studies, prepared by spray drying and characterized by drug loading, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The complexes were tested on C. albicans biofilm using in vitro and in vivo models. HPβCD formed soluble inclusion complexes with GA. The percentage of GA in GA/HPβCD was 10.8 ± 0.01%. The SEM and DSC analyses confirmed the formation of inclusion complexes. GA/HPβCD maintained the antimicrobial activity of the pure GA. GA/HPβCD was effective on C. albicans biofilms of 24 and 48h. The in vivo results showed an anti-inflammatory activity of GA/HPβCD with no difference in invading hypha counting among the groups. This study encourages the development of new antifungal agents.
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17
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Gandra RM, Mc Carron P, Fernandes MF, Ramos LS, Mello TP, Aor AC, Branquinha MH, McCann M, Devereux M, Santos ALS. Antifungal Potential of Copper(II), Manganese(II) and Silver(I) 1,10-Phenanthroline Chelates Against Multidrug-Resistant Fungal Species Forming the Candida haemulonii Complex: Impact on the Planktonic and Biofilm Lifestyles. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1257. [PMID: 28744261 PMCID: PMC5504357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida haemulonii, Candida haemulonii var. vulnera and Candida duobushaemulonii, which form the C. haemulonii complex, are emerging etiologic agents of fungal infections known to be resistant to the most commonly used antifungals. The well-established anti-Candida potential of metal complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands encouraged us to evaluate different copper(II), manganese(II), and silver(I) phen chelates for their ability to inhibit planktonic growth and biofilm of C. haemulonii species complex. Two novel coordination complexes, {[Cu(3,6,9-tdda)(phen)2].3H2O.EtOH}n and [Ag2(3,6,9-tdda)(phen)4].EtOH (3,6,9-tddaH2 = 3,6,9-trioxaundecanedioic acid), were synthesized in a similar fashion to the other, previously documented, sixteen copper(II), manganese(II), and silver(I) chelates employed herein. Three isolates of each C. haemulonii species complex were used and the effect of the metal chelates on viability was determined utilizing the CLSI standard protocol and on biofilm-growing cells using the XTT assay. Cytotoxicity of the chelates was evaluated by the MTT assay, employing lung epithelial cells. The majority of the metal chelates were capable of interfering with the viability of planktonic-growing cells of all the fungal isolates. The silver complexes were the most effective drugs (overall geometric mean of the minimum inhibitory concentration (GM-MIC) ranged from 0.26 to 2.16 μM), followed by the manganese (overall GM-MIC ranged from 0.87 to 10.71 μM) and copper (overall GM-MIC ranged from 3.37 to >72 μM) chelates. The manganese chelates (CC50 values ranged from 234.51 to >512 μM) were the least toxic to the mammalian cells, followed by the silver (CC50 values ranged from 2.07 to 13.63 μM) and copper (CC50 values ranged from 0.53 to 3.86 μM) compounds. When tested against mature biofilms, the chelates were less active, with MICs ranging from 2- to 33-fold higher levels when compared to the planktonic MIC counterparts. Importantly, manganese(II), copper(II), and silver(I) phen chelates are relatively cheap and easy to synthesize and they offer significant antifungal chemotherapeutic potential for the treatment of highly resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Gandra
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,The Inorganic Pharmaceutical and Biomimetic Research Centre, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of TechnologyDublin, Ireland
| | - Pauraic Mc Carron
- The Inorganic Pharmaceutical and Biomimetic Research Centre, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of TechnologyDublin, Ireland.,Chemistry Department, Maynooth University, National University of IrelandMaynooth, Ireland
| | - Mariana F Fernandes
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia S Ramos
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaís P Mello
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Aor
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta H Branquinha
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Malachy McCann
- Chemistry Department, Maynooth University, National University of IrelandMaynooth, Ireland
| | - Michael Devereux
- The Inorganic Pharmaceutical and Biomimetic Research Centre, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of TechnologyDublin, Ireland
| | - André L S Santos
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Inhibitory activity of hinokitiol against biofilm formation in fluconazole-resistant Candida species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171244. [PMID: 28152096 PMCID: PMC5289548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of hinokitiol to inhibit the formation of Candida biofilms. Biofilm inhibition was evaluated by quantification of the biofilm metabolic activity with XTT assay. Hinokitiol efficiently prevented biofilm formation in both fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant strains of Candida species. We determined the expression levels of specific genes previously implicated in biofilm development of C. albicans cells by real-time RT-PCR. The expression levels of genes associated with adhesion process, HWP1 and ALS3, were downregulated by hinokitiol. Transcript levels of UME6 and HGC1, responsible for long-term hyphal maintenance, were also decreased by hinokitiol. The expression level of CYR1, which encodes the component of signaling pathway of hyphal formation-cAMP-PKA was suppressed by hinokitiol. Its upstream general regulator RAS1 was also suppressed by hinokitiol. These results indicate that hinokitiol may have therapeutic potential in the treatment and prevention of biofilm-associated Candida infections.
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19
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Cong L, Liao Y, Yang S, Yang R. In Vitro Activity of Berberine Alone and in Combination with Antifungal Drugs Against Planktonic Forms and Biofilms of Trichosporon Asahii. Mycopathologia 2017; 182:829-837. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Cong L, Liao Y, Yang S, Yang R. In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Sertraline and Synergistic Effects in Combination with Antifungal Drugs against Planktonic Forms and Biofilms of Clinical Trichosporon asahii Isolates. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167903. [PMID: 27930704 PMCID: PMC5145214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii (T. asahii) is the major pathogen of invasive trichosporonosis which occurred mostly in immunocompromised patients. The biofilms formation ability of T. asahii may account for resistance to antifungal drugs and results a high mortality rate. Sertraline, a commonly prescribed antidepressant, has been demonstrated to show in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities against many kinds of pathogenic fungi, especially Cryptococcus species. In the present study, the in vitro activities of sertraline alone or combined with fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, caspofungin and amphotericin B against planktonic forms and biofilms of 21 clinical T. asahii isolates were evaluated using broth microdilution checkerboard method and XTT reduction assay, respectively. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was used to interpret drug interactions. Sertraline alone exhibited antifungal activities against both T. asahii planktonic cells (MICs, 4–8 μg/ml) and T. asahii biofilms (SMICs, 16–32 μg/ml). Furthermore, SRT exhibited synergistic effects against T. asahii planktonic cells in combination with amphotericin B, caspofungin or fluconazole (FICI≤0.5) and exhibited synergistic effects against T. asahii biofilms in combination with amphotericin B (FICI≤0.5). SRT exhibited mostly indifferent interactions against T. asahii biofilms in combination with three azoles in this study. Sertraline-amphotericin B combination showed the highest percentage of synergistic effects against both T. asahii planktonic cells (90.5%) and T. asahii biofilms (81.0%). No antagonistic interaction was observed. Our study suggests the therapeutic potential of sertraline against invasive T. asahii infection, especially catheter-related T. asahii infection. Further in vivo studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cong
- Graduate School, Third Military Medical University, chongqing, China
- Department of Dermatology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liao
- Department of Dermatology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Suteng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rongya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Brighenti FL, Salvador MJ, Gontijo AVL, Delbem ACB, Delbem ÁCB, Soares CP, de Oliveira MAC, Girondi CM, Koga-Ito CY. Plant extracts: initial screening, identification of bioactive compounds and effect against Candida albicans biofilms. Future Microbiol 2016; 12:15-27. [PMID: 27922746 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study screened plants from Brazilian Pantanal for Candida albicans antibiofilm activity. MATERIAL & METHODS Sixty extracts were obtained from ten plants using different extraction methods. Antifungal activity was assessed. Effects on biofilm inhibition and disruption and cytotoxicity were also evaluated. The most active extract was chemically characterized. RESULTS Buchenavia tomentosa ethanolic extract showed noticeable antifungal activity and was selected for biofilm experiments. Subinhibitory concentration of extract inhibited fungal adhesion. Maximum killing reached 90% of C. albicans cells in suspension and 65% of cells in biofilms. The active extract was noncytotoxic. Chemical characterization showed the presence of phenols. Ellagic and gallic acids showed activity on C. albicans. CONCLUSION B. tomentosa extract and its isolated compound, ellagic acid, presented antibiofilm activity and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti
- Faculty of Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Araraquara, R. Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Salvador
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Postal Box 6109, Campinas, SP 3083-970, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Faculty of Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Araçatuba, R. José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, SP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Ádina Cléia Botazzo Delbem
- Faculty of Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Araçatuba, R. José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, SP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pacheco Soares
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, São José dos Campos, SP 12244-390, Brazil
| | - Maria Alcionéiac Carvalho de Oliveira
- Institute of Science & Technology, Univ. Estadual Paulista/UNESP, São José dos Campos, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, SP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Miorelli Girondi
- Institute of Science & Technology, Univ. Estadual Paulista/UNESP, São José dos Campos, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, SP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito
- Institute of Science & Technology, Univ. Estadual Paulista/UNESP, São José dos Campos, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, SP 12245-000, Brazil
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