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Dunn J. It Is Time to Close the Gap in Cancer Care. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2200429. [PMID: 36706348 PMCID: PMC10166341 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Dunn
- Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland.,University of Southern Queensland, Division of Research and Innovation, Queensland, Australia
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Huang J, Chan SC, Tin MS, Liu X, Lok VTT, Ngai CH, Zhang L, Lucero-Prisno DE, Xu W, Zheng ZJ, Chiu PKF, Ng ACF, Enikeev D, Nicol D, Spiess PE, Laguna P, Teoh JYC, Wong MCS. Worldwide Distribution, Risk Factors, and Temporal Trends of Testicular Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Global Analysis. Eur Urol Oncol 2022; 5:566-576. [PMID: 35863988 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular cancer is a common malignancy among young males in western countries. OBJECTIVE To examine the global disease burden and trends of testicular cancer incidence and mortality by age and country, and their associations with human development index (HDI), gross domestic product (GDP), lifestyle habits, and metabolic risk factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We retrieved the Global Cancer Observatory database for the testicular cancer incidence and mortality in 2020; the World Bank for GDP per capita; the United Nations for HDI; the WHO Global Health Observatory for prevalence of smoking and alcohol drinking; and the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, WHO mortality database, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme and Nordic Cancer Registries (NORDCAN) for trend analysis. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We presented the testicular cancer incidence and mortality using age-standardised rates. We examined their associations with HDI, GDP, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical inactivity, overweight, obesity, and medical conditions including diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolaemia by linear regression. We estimated the 10-yr trend of incidence and mortality by joinpoint regression with average annual percentage change with 95% confidence intervals in different age groups. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS There was a wide variation in the testicular cancer burden with the highest mortality found in low-income countries, and the regions of Central America and South America, while the highest incidence was observed in high-income countries, especially in Western and Northern Europe. We found a positive association for HDI, GDP, alcohol drinking, inactivity, overweight, obesity, and hypercholesterolaemia with testicular cancer incidence, while a negative correlation was observed between GDP and mortality of testicular cancer. Globally, there was an overall increasing incidence trend of testicular cancer for the past decade, particularly in younger males; the mortality trends of testicular cancer were relatively stable. However, we did not analyse the trend of different stages and subtypes of testicular cancer due to data unavailability. CONCLUSIONS There was a global variation in the testicular cancer burden associated with HDI, GDP, alcohol drinking, inactivity, overweight, obesity, and hypercholesterolaemia. Testicular cancer had an increasing incidence but decreasing mortality. The increasing testicular cancer incidence in the younger population is of concern and calls for early detection and preventive interventions. PATIENT SUMMARY Globally, testicular cancer incidence had been increasing particularly in the younger population, although its deaths rates had been decreasing. Socioeconomic indices, alcohol drinking, inactivity, overweight, obesity, and high plasma lipid levels are associated with testicular cancer incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Sze Chai Chan
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Man Sing Tin
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xianjing Liu
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veeleah Ting-Ting Lok
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chun Ho Ngai
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Centre of Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanghong Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zheng
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Ka-Fung Chiu
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; European Association of Urology-Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU), The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Chi-Fai Ng
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Dmitry Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - David Nicol
- Department of Urology, the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pilar Laguna
- Istanbul Medipol Mega University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; European Association of Urology-Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU), The Netherlands.
| | - Martin C S Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Argefa TG, Roets L. Malnutrition and the Survival of Cervical Cancer Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study Using the PG-SGA Tool. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:605-612. [PMID: 33899611 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1910320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in developing countries. Malnutrition is associated with poor prognosis and early detection of malnutrition and timely nutritional interventions can improve the outcome for cervical cancer patients. The study was aimed to assess the association between the nutritional status and survival of cervical cancer patients. METHODS A prospective cohort study design was used. Overall 175 cervical cancer patients were followed over one year period with (median 8.5 mo, range (3.6-12). RESULTS The prevalence of malnutrition determined by means of the PG-SGA was 17.7% at admission and 47.1% at the end of follow-up. According to the SGA, one in three (29.7%) patients required nutritional intervention at the end of follow-up. Patients who were malnourished (PG-SGA-B and C) had an increased risk of mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.23 - 7.86) as compared to those who were well nourished (PG-SGA-A). Patients from rural areas had an increased risk of mortality (HR: 6.99, 95% CI: 2.07 - 23.58) compared to patients from urban areas. CONCLUSION In the context of developing country setting and COVID19 outbreak, malnutrition significantly decreases cervical cancer survival. A thorough nutrition assessment using scored PG-SGA is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terefe Gelibo Argefa
- Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lizeth Roets
- Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
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Santos ACD, Martins LLT, Brasil AMS, Pinto SA, Neto SG, de Oliveira EC. Emergency surgery for complicated colorectal cancer in central Brazil. JOURNAL OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcol.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective to report clinical and pathological features of patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed during emergency abdominal surgery.
Methods records of 107 patients operated between 2006 and 2010 were reviewed.
Results there were 58 women and 49 men with mean age of 59.8 years. The most frequent symptoms were: abdominal pain (97.2%), no bowel movements (81.3%), vomiting (76.6%), and anorexia (40.2%). Patients were divided into five groups: obstructive acute abdomen (n = 68), obstructive acute perforation (n = 21), obstructive acute inflammation (n = 13), abdominal sepsis (n = 3), and severe gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 2). Tumors were located in the rectosigmoid (51.4%), transverse colon (19.6%), ascendent colon (12.1%), descendent colon (11.2%), and 5.6% of the cases presented association of two colon tumors (synchronic tumors). The surgical treatment was: tumor resection with colostomy (85%), tumor resection with primary anastomosis (10.3%), and colostomy without tumor resection (4.7%). Immediate mortality occurred in 33.4% of the patients. Bivariate analysis of sex, tumor location and stage showed no relation to death (p > 0.05%).
Conclusions colorectal cancer may be the cause of colon obstruction or perfuration in patients with nonspecific colonic complaints. Despite the high mortality rate, resection of tumor is feasible in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Caetano dos Santos
- Hospital de Urgências de Goiânia, General Surgery Division, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Postgraduation program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sebastião Alves Pinto
- Hospital de Urgências de Goiânia, Pathology Division; Pathology Department, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Enio Chaves de Oliveira
- Hospital de Urgências de Goiânia, General Surgery Division, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Surgery Department, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Kabukye JK, Ilozumba O, Broerse JEW, de Keizer N, Cornet R. Implementation of an Interactive Voice Response System for Cancer Awareness in Uganda: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e22061. [PMID: 33496672 PMCID: PMC7872833 DOI: 10.2196/22061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer awareness is crucial for cancer care and prevention. However, cancer awareness in Uganda is low, and access to cancer information is limited. Objective This study aims to (1) understand the cancer awareness situation in Uganda (perceptions, beliefs, information needs, and challenges to accessing cancer information) and opinions about interactive voice response (IVR) systems; (2) develop cancer awareness messages and implement them in an IVR system; and (3) evaluate user acceptance and use of the IVR system. Methods A participatory design approach was adopted. To understand cancer awareness needs and challenges, 3 interviews and 7 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with cancer health care providers, patients with cancer, caregivers and survivors, administrators, and lay citizens (n=73). On the basis of the resulting qualitative data, audio messages addressing cancer information needs were developed and implemented in an IVR system. The system and messages were tested with users (n=12) during 2 co-design workshops before final rollout. Finally, the system was evaluated over 6 months after going live, using call records and user feedback from telephone interviews with callers (n=40). Results The cancer information needs included general topics such as what cancer is, what causes it, cancer screening and diagnosis, cancer treatment, and practical information on what to expect during cancer care. There were also myths and misconceptions that need to be addressed, such as that cancer is due to witchcraft and has no treatment. Information on COVID-19 was also sought after following the outbreak. We developed 20 audio cancer messages (approximately 2 minutes each) in English and Luganda, along with 14 IVR navigation instructions. These were implemented in an IVR system with 24/7 availability from all over Uganda via a toll-free multi-channel telephone number. The total number of calls made to the IVR system 6 months after going live was 3820. Of these, 2437 (63.8%) lasted at least 30 seconds and were made from 1230 unique telephone numbers. There were 191 voice messages and 760 calls to live agents, most of which (681/951, 71.6%) were in Luganda. Call volumes peaked following advertisement of the system and lockdowns due to COVID-19. Participants were generally familiar with IVR technology, and caller feedback was largely positive. Cited benefits included convenience, toll-free access, and detailed information. Recommendations for improvement of the system included adding live agents and marketing of the system to target users. Conclusions IVR technology provides an acceptable and accessible method for providing cancer information to patients and the general public in Uganda. However, a need remains for health system reforms to provide additional cancer information sources and improve cancer care services in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnblack K Kabukye
- Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC - Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Onaedo Ilozumba
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Nicolette de Keizer
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC - Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald Cornet
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC - Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Kusi G, Boamah Mensah AB, Boamah Mensah K, Dzomeku VM, Apiribu F, Duodu PA. Caregiving motivations and experiences among family caregivers of patients living with advanced breast cancer in Ghana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229683. [PMID: 32163432 PMCID: PMC7067415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Significant number of women present with advanced-stage breast cancer in Ghana. These women usually depend on family caregivers for their multi-dimensional needs. Yet, there are gaps in research about what motivates family caregivers to assume the caring role and their experiences with caregiving within the Ghanaian context. AIM To explore and describe the caregiving motivations and experiences among family caregivers of patients living with advanced breast cancer. METHODS In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 family caregivers who were providing unpaid care for women living with advanced breast cancer. Colaizzi's thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Family relationship normally prescribed the caregiving role among family caregivers. Due to the lack of home-based palliative services in Ghana, findings suggest that family caregivers are the main managers of advanced breast cancer-related symptoms in the home. These findings are discussed under three major themes: (i) motivation for assuming the caregiving role; (ii) meeting self-care and psychosocial needs of the patient; and (iii) symptom management and monitoring. CONCLUSION Socio-cultural values influence the role of family caregivers in Ghana. This presents opportunities for health professionals and relevant stakeholders to develop a culturally-appropriate intervention to support informal caregivers in their home-based care for women living with advanced breast cancer in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kusi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Adwoa Bemah Boamah Mensah
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Veronica Millicent Dzomeku
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Felix Apiribu
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Precious Adade Duodu
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Ali K, Kay EJ. Is there an association between past dental visits and the incidence of cancers of the head and neck (HN), upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), and oral cavity? Evid Based Dent 2019; 20:37-38. [PMID: 31253958 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-019-0029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Data sources PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases.Study selection Papers reporting a primary study with any population, one or both genders specified, participants of any age, incidence of any cancer subsite of HN, and UADT reported as the health outcome, frequency of dental visits/check-ups prior to the diagnosis of one of these cancers (assessed as the exposure), and availability of sufficient data to estimate the measure of association, ie, unadjusted odds ratio (OR) along with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently screened the title and abstract of the identified citations. Full texts of citations judged as potentially eligible were acquired by at least one of the two reviewers. Thereafter, both the reviewers used a standardised and pilot-tested form to independently screen every full text for eligibility. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies developed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP)Results After initial search of 1377 studies, thirty-eight articles were included in the analysis for systemic review including 32 case-control and six other design studies not limited to cross-sectional, observational, case-series, and screening. Finally, twenty-six case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses of studies in meta-analysis showed the overall pooled estimate risk was (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.76 to 2.30, P <0.001). The test for heterogeneity produced Tau square of 0.00, Q = 36.33, I2 = 31.76%, test for overall effect z = 9.24, (P <0.001). No publication bias was observed in the meta analysis. Conclusions Individuals with never/irregular/not frequent dental visits are more likely to be incident cases of HNCs/UADT cancers. Targeted education to alert those at risk about OCs and other HNCs, and the warning signs, and better training coupled with opportunistic oral cavity examinations by dentists could reduce the burden of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Ali
- Associate Professor/Consultant in Oral Surgery Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
| | - Elizabeth J Kay
- Professor of Dental Public Health, University of Plymouth, Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth, UK
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Araghi M, Soerjomataram I, Jenkins M, Brierley J, Morris E, Bray F, Arnold M. Global trends in colorectal cancer mortality: projections to the year 2035. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:2992-3000. [PMID: 30536395 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the fourth most common cause of cancer death. Predictions of the future burden of the disease inform health planners and raise awareness of the need for cancer control action. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database for 1989-2016 were used to project colon and rectal cancer mortality rates and number of deaths in 42 countries up to the year 2035, using age-period-cohort (APC) modelling. Mortality rates for colon cancer are predicted to continue decreasing in the majority of included countries from Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania, except Latin America and Caribbean countries. Mortality rates from rectal cancer in general followed those of colon cancer, however rates are predicted to increase substantially in Costa Rica (+73.6%), Australia (+59.2%), United States (+27.8%), Ireland (+24.2%) and Canada (+24.1%). Despite heterogeneous trends in rates, the number of deaths is expected to rise in all countries for both colon and rectal cancer by 60.0% and 71.5% until 2035, respectively, due to population growth and ageing. Reductions in colon and rectal cancer mortality rates are probably due to better accessibility to early detection services and improved specialized care. The expected increase in rectal cancer mortality rates in some countries is worrisome and warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Araghi
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mark Jenkins
- University of Melbourne, Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Brierley
- University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Morris
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies & Pathology, Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Melina Arnold
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Early prostate-specific antigen response post-abiraterone as predictor of overall survival in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:524. [PMID: 31151428 PMCID: PMC6544996 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abiraterone is an important agent in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Early changes in prostate-specific antigen while on abiraterone in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer potentially have financial and health implications for patients. Limited data is available on early prostate-specific antigen change and subsequent survival given phase III trials did not measure prostate-specific antigen changes before 12 weeks. Methods A single-center retrospective study was performed. Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone (without prior enzalutamide) at Tulane Cancer Center were reviewed with a focus on early prostate-specific antigen decline and relationship to overall survival. Results A total of 110 patients were analyzed for prostate-specific antigen response of ≥ 30 and > 50% at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. A prostate-specific antigen response of either > 30% or > 50% at 4, 8, or 12 weeks was associated with improved overall survival at all time points except > 50% decline at 8 weeks. Multivariate analysis indicated, for all time points, that early prostate-specific antigen declines were predictive of overall survival. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and docetaxel pretreatment also were predictive in many, but not all, of the multivariate analyses. Conclusions A > 30% or > 50% prostate-specific antigen decline at 4, 8, or 12 weeks provides important information regarding subsequent overall survival for patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. While these data require validation with a large, multi-institutional trial, they can provide physicians with information regarding prognosis and the timing of expected outcomes. These data affirms the notion that prostate-specific antigen responses as early as 4 weeks after abiraterone initiation can be used to inform both patients and physicians about metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer outcomes after initiating treatment with this important but costly therapeutic choice.
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Haileselassie W, Mulugeta T, Tigeneh W, Kaba M, Labisso WL. The Situation of Cancer Treatment in Ethiopia: Challenges and Opportunities. J Cancer Prev 2019; 24:33-42. [PMID: 30993093 PMCID: PMC6453587 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2019.24.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Less attention is given to cancer treatment and control in Ethiopia. Methods To investigate the challenges and opportunities facing cancer treatment services in Ethiopia. A purposive sampling technique was applied to recruit the study subjects from Black Lion Specialized Hospital Oncology Department. A semi-structured interview guide was used to investigate challenges and opportunities in oncology service in Ethiopia. Data was transcribed and coded by two independent coders and analyzed thematically in reference to the objectives. Results Fifteen professionals from four different disciplines were interviewed on opportunities and challenges facing cancer treatment in Ethiopia. Out of these respondents 3 were senior clinical oncologists while 4 individuals were senior oncology residents. The rest were 2 medical Physicists, 2 radiotherapy technologists and 4 oncology nurses. Majority (80%) of the respondents were males. We demonstrate that the challenges of cancer treatment service in Ethiopia emanate from the patients themselves, the administrating body, the professionals, and the technology limitations. In general, the result of this study was grouped under the following five themes: Customer-related challenges, provider-related challenges, facility-related challenges, technology-related challenges and the opportunities. Conclusions Several assignments are waiting for the policy makers, the professionals, the communities and other concerned bodies to combat the alarmingly growing burden of cancer in Ethiopia. Escalating the awareness of the general population about cancer, expanding well-developed diagnostic and treatment centers, and producing well-trained competent oncology professionals are the forefront challenges in combating cancer in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werissaw Haileselassie
- Department of Reproductive Health and Health Service Management, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Mulugeta
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wondemagegnhu Tigeneh
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mirgissa Kaba
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wajana Lako Labisso
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Abstract
Introduction: The association between lung tuberculosis and lung carcinoma is still controversial. Objective: to describe the characteristics of patients with associated lung tuberculosis (TB) and lung carcinoma (LC) in patients treated in Clinic for pulmonary diseases and TB “Podhrastovi”. Material and Methods: This is the retrospective study of patients with LC associated with TB treated in Clinic for pulmonary diseases and TB “Podhrastovi” in five-year period -from 2012 to 2016. We analyzed sex and age of patients, whether TB preceded LC or LC preceded TB, a time period between the developments of these two diseases, activity of TB, the histopathological type of LC, localization of LC in lungs (bronchial, peripheral, cavern) according to histopathological type. Results: In this period there were 2608 patients treated for LC. Among them there were 34 patients with diagnosed TB or 1.3%. All of them were smokers. No one had active TB. TB was the first diagnosis in all these patients. Each patient was previously treated for TB in hospital and had regular anti TB treatment. TB preceded LC in median time of 5 years (interquartile range 2 to 25 years). In 21 cases it was carcinoma of the drainage bronchus, in 11 cases it was peripheral lung carcinoma and 2 cases it was cavern carcinoma. Conlusion: patients with cured pulmonary tuberculosis represent a group at risk for developing lung carcinoma. Changes in the bronchial and alveolar mucosa which tuberculosis leaves behind in the lungs must be taken as a possible place of later malignant alteration. Patients with any form of pulmonary tuberculosis have to be controlled continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Cukic
- Clinic for Pulmonary Disease and TB "Podhrastovi", University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Bekker LG, Alleyne G, Baral S, Cepeda J, Daskalakis D, Dowdy D, Dybul M, Eholie S, Esom K, Garnett G, Grimsrud A, Hakim J, Havlir D, Isbell MT, Johnson L, Kamarulzaman A, Kasaie P, Kazatchkine M, Kilonzo N, Klag M, Klein M, Lewin SR, Luo C, Makofane K, Martin NK, Mayer K, Millett G, Ntusi N, Pace L, Pike C, Piot P, Pozniak A, Quinn TC, Rockstroh J, Ratevosian J, Ryan O, Sippel S, Spire B, Soucat A, Starrs A, Strathdee SA, Thomson N, Vella S, Schechter M, Vickerman P, Weir B, Beyrer C. Advancing global health and strengthening the HIV response in the era of the Sustainable Development Goals: the International AIDS Society-Lancet Commission. Lancet 2018; 392:312-358. [PMID: 30032975 PMCID: PMC6323648 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda-Gail Bekker
- International AIDS Society, Geneva, Switzerland; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - George Alleyne
- NCD Alliance, Office of the Director, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stefan Baral
- Centre for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Javier Cepeda
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - David Dowdy
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Dybul
- Centre for Global Health and Quality, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Serge Eholie
- Department of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical School, Felix Houphouet Boigny Universty Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Kene Esom
- HIV, Health and Development Group, United Nations Development Programme, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoff Garnett
- HIV Delivery, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - James Hakim
- Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Diane Havlir
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Leigh Johnson
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Parastu Kasaie
- Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michel Kazatchkine
- UNAIDS and Global Health Center, Graduate Institute, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nduku Kilonzo
- National AIDS Control Council for Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael Klag
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marina Klein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chewe Luo
- HIV/AIDS Section, United Nations Children's Fund, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Keletso Makofane
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natasha K Martin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ntobeko Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Loyce Pace
- Global Health Council, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carey Pike
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter Piot
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anton Pozniak
- HIV Services, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Centre for Global Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; International AIDS Society-National Institute for Drug Abuse, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, MD, USA
| | - Jurgen Rockstroh
- HIV Clinic, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jirair Ratevosian
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Owen Ryan
- International AIDS Society, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serra Sippel
- Center for Health and Gender Equity, Washington DC, USA
| | - Bruno Spire
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Agnes Soucat
- Health Systems, Governance and Financing, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Steffanie A Strathdee
- Global Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Thomson
- Centre for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefano Vella
- Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Schechter
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janerio, Brazil
| | - Peter Vickerman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Brian Weir
- Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chris Beyrer
- International AIDS Society, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhao J, Li B, Shu C, Ma Y, Gong Y. Downregulation of miR-30a is associated with proliferation and invasion via targeting MEF2D in cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7437-7442. [PMID: 29344185 PMCID: PMC5755257 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies have revealed that microRNAs serve crucial roles in cancer development and progression. MicroRNA-30a (miR-30a) has been implicated in various cancer types. However, the role of miR-30a in cervical cancer remains unclear. In the current study, a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay revealed that miR-30a was significantly downregulated in cervical cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and in the cervical cancer cell lines HeLa, SiHa and Ca-Ski compared with GH329 normal cervical epithelial cells. A functional assay using miR-30a mimic demonstrated that miR-30a could inhibit the growth and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Additionally, bioinformatics-based prediction and luciferase reporter assays indicated that MEF2D is a direct target of miR-30a. Transfection with miR-30a reduced the mRNA expression and protein levels of MEF2D, as determined using RT-qPCR and western blot analyses. Furthermore, MEF2D expression was negatively correlated with that of miR-30a in cervical cancers. Overall, the present study demonstrated that miR-30a functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting MEF2D in cervical cancer, which may provide the basis for a prognostic biomarker or therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Chuqiang Shu
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yingping Gong
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Stalsberg H, Adjei EK, Owusu-Afriyie O, Isaksen V. Sustainable Development of Pathology in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Example From Ghana. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:1533-1539. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0498-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context.—
Pathology services are poorly developed in Sub-Saharan Africa. Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, asked for help from the pathology department of the University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø.
Objective.—
To reestablish surgical pathology and cytology in an African pathology department in which these functions had ceased completely, and to develop the department into a self-supporting unit of good international standard and with the capacity to train new pathologists.
Design.—
Medical technologists from Kumasi were trained in histotechnology in Norway, they were returned to Kumasi, and they produced histologic slides that were temporarily sent to Norway for diagnosis. Two Ghanaian doctors received pathology training for 4 years in Norway. Mutual visits by pathologists and technologists from the 2 hospitals were arranged for the introduction of immunohistochemistry and cytology. Pathologists from Norway visited Kumasi for 1 month each year during 2007–2010. Microscopes and immunohistochemistry equipment were provided from Norway. Other laboratory equipment and a new building were provided by the Ghanaian hospital.
Results.—
The Ghanaian hospital had a surgical pathology service from the first project year. At 11 years after the start of the project, the services included autopsy, surgical pathology, cytopathology, frozen sections, and limited use of immunohistochemistry, and the department had 10 residents at different levels of training.
Conclusions.—
A Ghanaian pathology department that performed autopsies only was developed into a self-supported department with surgical pathology, cytology, immunohistochemistry, and frozen section service, with an active residency program and the capacity for further development that is independent from assistance abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Stalsberg
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Tromsø (Dr Stalsberg), and the Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway (Drs Stalsberg and Isaksen), Tromsø, Norway; and the Department of Pathology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana (Drs Adjei and Owusu-Afriyie)
| | - Ernest Kwasi Adjei
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Tromsø (Dr Stalsberg), and the Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway (Drs Stalsberg and Isaksen), Tromsø, Norway; and the Department of Pathology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana (Drs Adjei and Owusu-Afriyie)
| | - Osei Owusu-Afriyie
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Tromsø (Dr Stalsberg), and the Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway (Drs Stalsberg and Isaksen), Tromsø, Norway; and the Department of Pathology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana (Drs Adjei and Owusu-Afriyie)
| | - Vidar Isaksen
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Tromsø (Dr Stalsberg), and the Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway (Drs Stalsberg and Isaksen), Tromsø, Norway; and the Department of Pathology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana (Drs Adjei and Owusu-Afriyie)
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Travado L, Bultz BD, Ullrich A, Asuzu CC, Turner J, Grassi L, Jacobsen P. 2016 President's Plenary International Psycho-Oncology Society: challenges and opportunities for growing and developing psychosocial oncology programmes worldwide. Psychooncology 2017; 26:1231-1238. [PMID: 28599340 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Consistent with the International Psycho-Oncology Society's (IPOS) vision and goals, we are committed to improving quality cancer care and cancer policies through psychosocial care globally. As part of IPOS's mission, upon entering "Official Relations" for a second term with the World Health Organization (WHO), IPOS has dedicated much attention to reaching out to countries, which lack formalized psychosocial care programmes. One of IPOS's strategies to accomplish this goal has been to bring psycho-oncology training programmes to low- and middle-income countries and regions. To this end, the IPOS Board approved a new position on the Board of Directors for a member from a low- to middle-income country (LMIC). The IPOS 2016 President's Plenary focused on challenges and opportunities that exist in growing and developing psychosocial oncology programmes worldwide. The plenary presentations highlight how IPOS and WHO have aligned their goals to help LMICs support cancer patients as an essential element of cancer and palliative care. IPOS country representatives are strongly supported in liaising with national health authorities and with WHO Country Representatives in LMICs. The plenary speakers discussed the role IPOS Federation has taken in building a global network of psychosocial leaders and the impact this had in assisting LMICs in meeting IPOS's psychosocial care objectives. The plenary highlighted the challenges of expanding psychosocial reach into these countries. One significant question remains: Can psychosocial guidelines be adapted to LMICs and regions?
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Travado
- Psycho-oncology Service, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Barry D Bultz
- Daniel Family Leadership Chair in Psychosocial Oncology, Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Psychosocial and Rehabilitation Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andreas Ullrich
- World Health Organization, Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Cluster, Switzerland
| | - Chioma C Asuzu
- Department of Counselling and Human Development Studies and Unit of Psycho-Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jane Turner
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Luigi Grassi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Section of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Biomedical and Speciality Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,University Hospital Psychiatry Unit, Department of Mental Health and Addictive Behavior, S. Anna University Hospital and Health Authorities, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paul Jacobsen
- Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Haque N, Uddin AFMK, Dey BR, Islam F, Goodman A. Challenges to cervical cancer treatment in Bangladesh: The development of a women's cancer ward at Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2017; 21:67-72. [PMID: 28725676 PMCID: PMC5502821 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of female cancer mortality worldwide. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy represents the standard of care for patients with stages IB2 to IVa cervical cancer. Unfortunately radiation therapy capacity is severely limited to non-existent in many Low and Middle-Income Countries. One solution has been to use chemotherapy to reduce tumor size to allow for radical surgery or in the case of inoperable cancers, as a placeholder until radiation is available. In Bangladesh, there has been the progressive development of resources for the treatment of women with gynecologic cancers. However, radiation therapy resources are limited with a six-month waiting period to receive radiation. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) remains the main primary treatment intervention for women with advanced cervical cancer in Bangladesh. This implementation study summarizes of the experience and challenges to caring for women in a new gynae-oncology ward at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, a 2600 bed government hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The literature on cervical cancer treatment in Bangladesh is nonexistent. The majority of women are diagnosed with stages III and IV cervical cancers. Radiation therapy is an extremely limited resource in Bangladesh with only one machine per over 10 million people. The strategy has been to treat woman with chemotherapy in the hopes of making their cancers surgically resectable. Systematic reviews of neoadjuvant chemotherapy show pathologic responses but no improvement in long term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Haque
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynae Oncology Unit, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A F M K Uddin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Institute of ENT, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - B R Dey
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Islam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynae Oncology Unit, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A Goodman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Patel H, Gurumurthy P. Implementation of clinical pharmacy services in an academic oncology practice in India. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2017; 25:1078155217739684. [PMID: 29157148 DOI: 10.1177/1078155217739684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate medication-related problems after implementation of clinical pharmacy services at a speciality oncology care setting. Methods It was a prospective interventional study conducted for a period of three years at a private academic oncology care setting. Paper-based medical records and medication orders were reviewed and patients and care givers were interviewed to understand the treatment plan. All the medication-related problems were identified by clinical pharmacists by performing drug therapy review. Patients were also followed up at ambulatory care and in-patient units to ensure appropriate administration of anti-cancer drugs by nurses. All the medication-related problems were discussed with the concerned clinicians and then were resolved with the interventions of clinical pharmacists. Clinical significance of these interventions were assessed and classified as "Major", "Moderate "and "Minor". Educational, clinical and system-based interventions were developed and implemented to minimize medication-related problems at the study site. Results A total of 1359 medication-related problems were identified from 2120 medication orders reviewed of 1362 patients followed during the study period. The most common medication-related problems were lack of suboptimal supportive care (17.95%), inappropriate administration of medications (14.56%), untreated indication (14.20%), wrong dosing calculations (12.21%), drug-drug interactions (11.62%) and sub-therapeutic dose (11.11%). Clinical pharmacy interventions were made to resolve all the medication-related problems. Clinical significance of majority (n = 504, 37.08%) of medication-related problems was "Moderate" followed by "Major" (n = 434, 31.93%) and "Minor" (n = 421, 30.97%). Conclusion The study has demonstrated the importance of clinical pharmacy services in improving quality and safe use of medicines in oncology practice. Positive feedback of clinicians on clinical pharmacy services was a reflection of acceptance of clinical pharmacy interventions by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, 75532 JSS College of Pharmacy , Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysore, India
| | - Parthasarathi Gurumurthy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, 75532 JSS College of Pharmacy , Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysore, India
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Qin X, Wan Y, Wang S, Xue M. MicroRNA-125a-5p modulates human cervical carcinoma proliferation and migration by targeting ABL2. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 10:71-9. [PMID: 26766902 PMCID: PMC4699546 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s93104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background In this study, we intended to understand the regulatory mechanisms of microRNA-125a-5p (miR-125a-5p) in human cervical carcinoma. Methods The gene expressions of miR-125a-5p in seven cervical carcinoma cell lines and 12 human cervical carcinoma samples were evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Ca-Ski and HeLa cells were transduced with lentivirus carrying miR-125a-5p mimics, and the effects of lentivirus-induced miR-125a-5p upregulation on cervical carcinoma proliferation and migration were examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and transwell assays, respectively. In additional, HeLa cells were inoculated into null mice to evaluate the effect of miR-125a-5p upregulation on in vivo cervical carcinoma growth. The direct regulation of miR-125a-5p on its target gene, ABL proto-oncogene 2 (ABL2), in cervical carcinoma was evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and luciferase reporter assays, respectively. ABL2 was then downregulated by small interfering RNA to examine its effect on cervical carcinoma proliferation and migration. Results miR-125a-5p was downregulated in both cervical carcinoma cell lines and human cervical carcinomas. In Ca-Ski and HeLa cells, lentivirus-mediated miR-125a-5p upregulation inhibited cancer proliferation and migration in vitro and cervical carcinoma transplantation in vivo. ABL2 was shown to be directly targeted by miR-125a-5p. In cervical carcinoma, ABL2 gene and protein levels were both downregulated by miR-125a-5p. Small interfering RNA-mediated ABL2 downregulation also had tumor-suppressive effects on cervical carcinoma proliferation and migration. Conclusion The molecular pathway of miR-125a-5p/ABL2 plays an important role in human cervical carcinoma. Targeting miR-125a-5p/ABL2 pathway may provide a new treatment strategy for patients with cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Saiying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Berg CJ, Ajay VS, Ali MK, Kondal D, Khan HM, Shivashankar R, Pradeepa R, Mohan D, Fatmi Z, Kadir MM, Tandon N, Mohan V, Narayan KMV, Prabhakaran D. A cross-sectional study of the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use in Chennai, Delhi, and Karachi: data from the CARRS study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:483. [PMID: 25958327 PMCID: PMC4432508 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco burdens in India and Pakistan require continued efforts to quantify tobacco use and its impacts. We examined the prevalence and sociodemographic and health-related correlates of tobacco use in Delhi, Chennai (India), and Karachi (Pakistan). Methods Analysis of representative surveys of 11,260 participants (selected through multistage cluster random sampling; stratified by gender and age) in 2011 measured socio-demographics, tobacco use history, comorbid health conditions, and salivary cotinine. We used bivariate and multivariate regression analyses to examine factors associated with tobacco use. Results Overall, 51.8 % were females, and 61.6 % were below the age of 45 years. Lifetime (ever) tobacco use prevalence (standardized for world population) was 45.0 %, 41.3 %, and 42.5 % among males, and 7.6 %, 8.5 %, and 19.7 % among females in Chennai, Delhi, and Karachi, respectively. Past 6 month tobacco use prevalence (standardized for world population) was 38.6 %, 36.1 %, and 39.1 % among males, and 7.3 %, 7.1 %, and 18.6 % among females in Chennai, Delhi, and Karachi, respectively. In multivariable regression analyses, residing in Delhi or Karachi versus Chennai; older age; lower education; earning less income; lower BMI; were each associated with tobacco use in both sexes. In addition, semi-skilled occupation versus not working and alcohol use were associated with tobacco use in males, and having newly diagnosed dyslipidemia was associated with lower odds of tobacco use among females. Mean salivary cotinine levels were higher among tobacco users versus nonusers (235.4; CI: 187.0-283.8 vs. 29.7; CI: 4.2, 55.2, respectively). Conclusion High prevalence of tobacco use in the South Asian region, particularly among men, highlights the urgency to address this serious public health problem. Our analyses suggest targeted prevention and cessation interventions focused on lower socioeconomic groups may be particularly important. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1817-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Berg
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, 30322, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Vamadevan S Ajay
- Public Health Foundation of India, Plot No 47, Sector 44, 122002, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. .,Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Plot No 47, Sector 44, 122002, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
| | - Mohammed K Ali
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, 30322, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Dimple Kondal
- Public Health Foundation of India, Plot No 47, Sector 44, 122002, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. .,Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Plot No 47, Sector 44, 122002, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
| | - Hassan M Khan
- Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, 74800, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Roopa Shivashankar
- Public Health Foundation of India, Plot No 47, Sector 44, 122002, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. .,Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Plot No 47, Sector 44, 122002, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, 600 086, Chennai, India.
| | - Deepa Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, 600 086, Chennai, India.
| | - Zafar Fatmi
- Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, 74800, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad M Kadir
- Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, 74800, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari, New, Nagar, 110029, Delhi, India.
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, 600 086, Chennai, India.
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, 30322, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Public Health Foundation of India, Plot No 47, Sector 44, 122002, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. .,Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Plot No 47, Sector 44, 122002, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
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Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of global mortality, and women in low- and middle- income countries are disproportionately affected due to vulnerabilities related to gender inequality, poverty and environmental factors. Cancers affecting women are given low priority in the developing world and resources for screening, diagnosing and treating cancer are limited. The Millennium Development Goals may serve as a guide to design programs that address the allocation of cancer services, equipment, medications and trained health care providers. This article aims to provide readers with strategies to advocate for gender parity in worldwide cancer control policies.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2012; 24:587-95. [PMID: 22886074 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32835793f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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