1
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Malik S, Pradeep SP, Kumar V, Xiao Y, Deng Y, Fan R, Vasquez JC, Singh V, Bahal R. Antitumor efficacy of a sequence-specific DNA-targeted γPNA-based c-Myc inhibitor. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101354. [PMID: 38183981 PMCID: PMC10829792 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Targeting oncogenes at the genomic DNA level can open new avenues for precision medicine. Significant efforts are ongoing to target oncogenes using RNA-targeted and protein-targeted platforms, but no progress has been made to target genomic DNA for cancer therapy. Here, we introduce a gamma peptide nucleic acid (γPNA)-based genomic DNA-targeted platform to silence oncogenes in vivo. γPNAs efficiently invade the mixed sequences of genomic DNA with high affinity and specificity. As a proof of concept, we establish that γPNA can inhibit c-Myc transcription in multiple cell lines. We evaluate the in vivo efficacy and safety of genomic DNA targeting in three pre-clinical models. We also establish that anti-transcription γPNA in combination with histone deacetylase inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs results in robust antitumor activity in cell-line- and patient-derived xenografts. Overall, this strategy offers a unique therapeutic platform to target genomic DNA to inhibit oncogenes for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sai Pallavi Pradeep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yong Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanxiang Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Human and Translational Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Juan C Vasquez
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Vijender Singh
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Raman Bahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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2
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Li Y, Dobrolecki LE, Sallas C, Zhang X, Kerr TD, Bisht D, Wang Y, Awasthi S, Kaundal B, Wu S, Peng W, Mendillo ML, Lu Y, Jeter CR, Peng G, Liu J, Westin SN, Sood AK, Lewis MT, Das J, Yi SS, Bedford MT, McGrail DJ, Sahni N. PRMT blockade induces defective DNA replication stress response and synergizes with PARP inhibition. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101326. [PMID: 38118413 PMCID: PMC10772459 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple cancers exhibit aberrant protein arginine methylation by both type I arginine methyltransferases, predominately protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) and to a lesser extent PRMT4, and by type II PRMTs, predominately PRMT5. Here, we perform targeted proteomics following inhibition of PRMT1, PRMT4, and PRMT5 across 12 cancer cell lines. We find that inhibition of type I and II PRMTs suppresses phosphorylated and total ATR in cancer cells. Loss of ATR from PRMT inhibition results in defective DNA replication stress response activation, including from PARP inhibitors. Inhibition of type I and II PRMTs is synergistic with PARP inhibition regardless of homologous recombination function, but type I PRMT inhibition is more toxic to non-malignant cells. Finally, we demonstrate that the combination of PARP and PRMT5 inhibition improves survival in both BRCA-mutant and wild-type patient-derived xenografts without toxicity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PRMT5 inhibition may be a well-tolerated approach to sensitize tumors to PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lacey E Dobrolecki
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christina Sallas
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Travis D Kerr
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Deepa Bisht
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yalong Wang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharad Awasthi
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Babita Kaundal
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siqi Wu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marc L Mendillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yiling Lu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Collene R Jeter
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Center for Systems Immunology, Department of Immunology, and Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Stephen Yi
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs (ILSGP), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Chakraborty S, Schirmeisen K, Lambert SA. The multifaceted functions of homologous recombination in dealing with replication-associated DNA damages. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 129:103548. [PMID: 37541027 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The perturbation of DNA replication, a phenomena termed "replication stress", is a driving force of genome instability and a hallmark of cancer cells. Among the DNA repair mechanisms that contribute to tolerating replication stress, the homologous recombination pathway is central to the alteration of replication fork progression. In many organisms, defects in the homologous recombination machinery result in increased cell sensitivity to replication-blocking agents and a higher risk of cancer in humans. Moreover, the status of homologous recombination in cancer cells often correlates with the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the different functions of homologous recombination in fixing replication-associated DNA damage and contributing to complete genome duplication. We also examine which functions are pivotal in preventing cancer and genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrena Chakraborty
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France; Equipe Labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Kamila Schirmeisen
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France; Equipe Labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Sarah Ae Lambert
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, 91400 Orsay, France; Equipe Labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France.
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4
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Bin H, Chen P, Wu M, Wang F, Lin G, Pan S, Liu J, Mu B, Nan J, Huang Q, Li L, Yang S. Discovery of a potent and highly selective inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-Related (ATR) kinase: Structural activity relationship and antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Wang YY, Chen YK, Lo S, Chi TC, Chen YH, Hu SCS, Chen YW, Jiang SS, Tsai FY, Liu W, Li RN, Hsieh YC, Huang CJ, Yuan SSF. MRE11 promotes oral cancer progression through RUNX2/CXCR4/AKT/FOXA2 signaling in a nuclease-independent manner. Oncogene 2021; 40:3510-3532. [PMID: 33927349 PMCID: PMC8134045 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
MRE11, the nuclease component of RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 DNA repair complex which is essential for repair of DNA double-strand-breaks in normal cells, has recently garnered attention as a critical factor in solid tumor development. Herein we report the crucial role of MRE11 in oral cancer progression in a nuclease-independent manner and delineate its key downstream effectors including CXCR4. MRE11 expression in oral cancer samples was positively associated with tumor size, cancer stage and lymph node metastasis, and was predictive of poorer patient survival and radiotherapy resistance. MRE11 promoted cell proliferation/migration/invasion in a nuclease-independent manner but enhanced radioresistance via a nuclease-dependent pathway. The nuclease independent promotion of EMT and metastasis was mediated by RUNX2, CXCR4, AKT, and FOXA2, while CXCR4 neutralizing antibody mitigated these effects in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, MRE11 may serve as a crucial prognostic factor and therapeutic target in oral cancer, displaying dual nuclease dependent and independent roles that permit separate targeting of tumor vulnerabilities in oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yun Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Kwan Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Steven Lo
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tsung-Chen Chi
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Stephen Chu-Sung Hu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wangta Liu
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Hsieh
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chih-Jen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National ChiaoTung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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6
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Qin F, Sun Y, Deng K, Qin J, Xu Z, Wei J, Yuan L, Zheng T, Li S. Comprehensive analysis of DNA damage repair in squamous cell carcinoma subtypes. Life Sci 2021; 278:119559. [PMID: 33932441 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Defective components resulting from DNA damage and repair mechanisms have been found to be underlying causes that affect the development and progression of different types of cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A more detailed classification of SCC is necessary for better application of DNA damage repair therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We aimed to characterize the molecular profile of SCC by developing a classification system based on DNA damage repair gene expression profiles. An integrative analysis was performed using a metadata set of 1374 SCC human samples from the UCSC Genome Browser. We then analyzed genomic alterations and mutations, and genes-TF-microRNA regulatory relationships and conducted enrichment, survival, and immune infiltration analyses. KEY FINDINGS This study was conducted on a total of 1374 SCC patients and 402 DNA damage repair genes. Two subtypes were established using consensus clustering, with 1143 patients being of the Non DDR subtype and 231 patients being of the DDR subtype. MATH, mutation burden, and heterogeneity were significantly higher in Non-DDR subtype than in DDR subtype. Next, a total of 1081 differentially expressed genes and 21 microRNAs were identified between the two subtypes and a genes-TF-microRNA regulatory network was constructed. In addition, stromal score, immune score and ESTIMATE score were significantly lower for the Non-DDR subtype, while tumor purity was significantly lower for the DDR subtype. In addition, five pathways associated with DNA damage repair were all enriched in the DDR subtype. SIGNIFICANCE Our study established two subtypes of SCC based on DNA damage repair, which may help to predict prognosis and determine the most suitable treatment for SCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglu Qin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China; Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Kun Deng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Junqi Qin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Zhanyu Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Jiangbo Wei
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Liqiang Yuan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Tiaozhan Zheng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Shikang Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China.
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7
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Lücking U, Wortmann L, Wengner AM, Lefranc J, Lienau P, Briem H, Siemeister G, Bömer U, Denner K, Schäfer M, Koppitz M, Eis K, Bartels F, Bader B, Bone W, Moosmayer D, Holton SJ, Eberspächer U, Grudzinska-Goebel J, Schatz C, Deeg G, Mumberg D, von Nussbaum F. Damage Incorporated: Discovery of the Potent, Highly Selective, Orally Available ATR Inhibitor BAY 1895344 with Favorable Pharmacokinetic Properties and Promising Efficacy in Monotherapy and in Combination Treatments in Preclinical Tumor Models. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7293-7325. [PMID: 32502336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ATR kinase plays a key role in the DNA damage response by activating essential signaling pathways of DNA damage repair, especially in response to replication stress. Because DNA damage and replication stress are major sources of genomic instability, selective ATR inhibition has been recognized as a promising new approach in cancer therapy. We now report the identification and preclinical evaluation of the novel, clinical ATR inhibitor BAY 1895344. Starting from quinoline 2 with weak ATR inhibitory activity, lead optimization efforts focusing on potency, selectivity, and oral bioavailability led to the discovery of the potent, highly selective, orally available ATR inhibitor BAY 1895344, which exhibited strong monotherapy efficacy in cancer xenograft models that carry certain DNA damage repair deficiencies. Moreover, combination treatment of BAY 1895344 with certain DNA damage inducing chemotherapy resulted in synergistic antitumor activity. BAY 1895344 is currently under clinical investigation in patients with advanced solid tumors and lymphomas (NCT03188965).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lücking
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Wortmann
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje M Wengner
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Lefranc
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Lienau
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Briem
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Siemeister
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Bömer
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Denner
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Schäfer
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Koppitz
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Eis
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Bartels
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bader
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bone
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Moosmayer
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon J Holton
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Eberspächer
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Schatz
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gesa Deeg
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz von Nussbaum
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Roles for receptor tyrosine kinases in tumor progression and implications for cancer treatment. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:1-57. [PMID: 32593398 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors and their receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), a group of transmembrane molecules harboring cytoplasm-facing tyrosine-specific kinase functions, play essential roles in migration of multipotent cell populations and rapid proliferation of stem cells' descendants, transit amplifying cells, during embryogenesis and tissue repair. These intrinsic functions are aberrantly harnessed when cancer cells undergo intertwined phases of cell migration and proliferation during cancer progression. For example, by means of clonal expansion growth factors fixate the rarely occurring driver mutations, which initiate tumors. Likewise, autocrine and stromal growth factors propel angiogenesis and penetration into the newly sprouted vessels, which enable seeding micro-metastases at distant organs. We review genetic and other mechanisms that preempt ligand-mediated activation of RTKs, thereby supporting sustained cancer progression. The widespread occurrence of aberrant RTKs and downstream signaling pathways in cancer, identifies molecular targets suitable for pharmacological intervention. We list all clinically approved cancer drugs that specifically intercept oncogenic RTKs. These are mainly tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, which can inhibit cancer but inevitably become progressively less effective due to adaptive rewiring processes or emergence of new mutations, processes we overview. Similarly important are patient treatments making use of radiation, chemotherapeutic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The many interfaces linking RTK-targeted therapies and these systemic or local regimens are described in details because of the great promise offered by combining pharmacological modalities.
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9
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ATR Inhibition Potentiates PARP Inhibitor Cytotoxicity in High Risk Neuroblastoma Cell Lines by Multiple Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051095. [PMID: 32354033 PMCID: PMC7281288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) is one the most difficult childhood cancers to cure. These tumours frequently present with DNA damage response (DDR) defects including loss or mutation of key DDR genes, oncogene-induced replication stress (RS) and cell cycle checkpoint dysfunction. Aim: To identify biomarkers of sensitivity to inhibition of Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR), a DNA damage sensor, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which is required for single strand break repair. We also hypothesise that combining ATR and PARP inhibition is synergistic. Methods: Single agent sensitivity to VE-821 (ATR inhibitor) and olaparib (PARP inhibitor), and the combination, was determined using cell proliferation and clonogenic assays, in HR-NB cell lines. Basal expression of DDR proteins, including ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATR, was assessed using Western blotting. CHK1S345 and H2AXS129 phosphorylation was assessed using Western blotting to determine ATR activity and RS, respectively. RS and homologous recombination repair (HRR) activity was also measured by γH2AX and Rad51 foci formation using immunofluorescence. Results: MYCN amplification and/or low ATM protein expression were associated with sensitivity to VE-821 (p < 0.05). VE-821 was synergistic with olaparib (CI value 0.04-0.89) independent of MYCN or ATM status. Olaparib increased H2AXS129 phosphorylation which was further increased by VE-821. Olaparib-induced Rad51 foci formation was reduced by VE-821 suggesting inhibition of HRR. Conclusion: RS associated with MYCN amplification, ATR loss or PARP inhibition increases sensitivity to the ATR inhibitor VE-821. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HR-NB.
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10
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McDermott JE, Arshad OA, Petyuk VA, Fu Y, Gritsenko MA, Clauss TR, Moore RJ, Schepmoes AA, Zhao R, Monroe ME, Schnaubelt M, Tsai CF, Payne SH, Huang C, Wang LB, Foltz S, Wyczalkowski M, Wu Y, Song E, Brewer MA, Thiagarajan M, Kinsinger CR, Robles AI, Boja ES, Rodriguez H, Chan DW, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Ding L, Smith RD, Liu T, Rodland KD. Proteogenomic Characterization of Ovarian HGSC Implicates Mitotic Kinases, Replication Stress in Observed Chromosomal Instability. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1. [PMID: 32529193 PMCID: PMC7289043 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of a dominant driving mutation other than uniformly present TP53 mutations, deeper understanding of the biology driving ovarian high-grade serous cancer (HGSC) requires analysis at a functional level, including post-translational modifications. Comprehensive proteogenomic and phosphoproteomic characterization of 83 prospectively collected ovarian HGSC and appropriate normal precursor tissue samples (fallopian tube) under strict control of ischemia time reveals pathways that significantly differentiate between HGSC and relevant normal tissues in the context of homologous repair deficiency (HRD) status. In addition to confirming key features of HGSC from previous studies, including a potential survival-associated signature and histone acetylation as a marker of HRD, deep phosphoproteomics provides insights regarding the potential role of proliferation-induced replication stress in promoting the characteristic chromosomal instability of HGSC and suggests potential therapeutic targets for use in precision medicine trials. Comparison of ovarian cancer and normal precursors identifies key signaling pathways Mitotic and cyclin-dependent kinases emerge as potential therapeutic targets Previously identified hallmarks of homologous repair status and survival are confirmed Replication stress appears to drive increased chromosomal instability
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E McDermott
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Osama A Arshad
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Therese R Clauss
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Athena A Schepmoes
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Matthew E Monroe
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Michael Schnaubelt
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Samuel H Payne
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Chen Huang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liang-Bo Wang
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Steven Foltz
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Matthew Wyczalkowski
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yige Wu
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ehwang Song
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Molly A Brewer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Mathangi Thiagarajan
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher R Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily S Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel W Chan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Li Ding
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Karin D Rodland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.,Lead Contact
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11
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Wengner AM, Siemeister G, Lücking U, Lefranc J, Wortmann L, Lienau P, Bader B, Bömer U, Moosmayer D, Eberspächer U, Golfier S, Schatz CA, Baumgart SJ, Haendler B, Lejeune P, Schlicker A, von Nussbaum F, Brands M, Ziegelbauer K, Mumberg D. The Novel ATR Inhibitor BAY 1895344 Is Efficacious as Monotherapy and Combined with DNA Damage-Inducing or Repair-Compromising Therapies in Preclinical Cancer Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:26-38. [PMID: 31582533 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) secures the integrity of the genome of eukaryotic cells. DDR deficiencies can promote tumorigenesis but concurrently may increase dependence on alternative repair pathways. The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase plays a central role in the DDR by activating essential signaling pathways of DNA damage repair. Here, we studied the effect of the novel selective ATR kinase inhibitor BAY 1895344 on tumor cell growth and viability. Potent antiproliferative activity was demonstrated in a broad spectrum of human tumor cell lines. BAY 1895344 exhibited strong monotherapy efficacy in cancer xenograft models that carry DNA damage repair deficiencies. The combination of BAY 1895344 with DNA damage-inducing chemotherapy or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) showed synergistic antitumor activity. Combination treatment with BAY 1895344 and DDR inhibitors achieved strong synergistic antiproliferative activity in vitro, and combined inhibition of ATR and PARP signaling using olaparib demonstrated synergistic antitumor activity in vivo Furthermore, the combination of BAY 1895344 with the novel, nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist darolutamide resulted in significantly improved antitumor efficacy compared with respective single-agent treatments in hormone-dependent prostate cancer, and addition of EBRT resulted in even further enhanced antitumor efficacy. Thus, the ATR inhibitor BAY 1895344 may provide new therapeutic options for the treatment of cancers with certain DDR deficiencies in monotherapy and in combination with DNA damage-inducing or DNA repair-compromising cancer therapies by improving their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje M Wengner
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Ulrich Lücking
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Lefranc
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Wortmann
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Lienau
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bader
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Bömer
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Moosmayer
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Eberspächer
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Golfier
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Simon J Baumgart
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascale Lejeune
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlicker
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Brands
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Ziegelbauer
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Assumpção P, Khayat A, Araújo T, Barra W, Ishak G, Cruz A, Santos S, Santos Â, Demachki S, Assumpção P, Calcagno D, Santos N, Assumpção M, Moreira F, Santos A, Assumpção C, Riggins G, Burbano R. The Small Bowel Cancer Incidence Enigma. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:635-639. [PMID: 31165996 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the small bowel is a vast organ with a highly proliferative epithelium, the incidence of small bowel cancers is surprisingly low. Many factors could be involved in this unexpected cancer incidence, including difficult access to the exploration of the small bowel mucosa, which might lead to missed diagnoses of non-obstructive and non-bleeding small tumours. Moreover, possible factors that influence the low incidence include more efficient machinery of DNA replication and DNA repair enzymes, peculiarities in microbiota components, competence of the immune system, and the speed of intestinal transit. Importantly, the answer for the enigmatic risk of driver mutations caused by replication errors may be hidden in the small bowel, which is an obscure part of digestive tract that is usually inaccessible by endoscopic or colonoscopic conventional investigations. These observations warrant the necessity of an urgent exploration of small bowel features, including the evaluation of DNA replication controls and expression of DNA repair genes, in order to shed light on these obscure events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Assumpção
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66073-000, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - André Khayat
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Taíssa Araújo
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Williams Barra
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Ishak
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Cruz
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Sidney Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Ândrea Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Samia Demachki
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Paula Assumpção
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Danielle Calcagno
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Ney Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Mônica Assumpção
- Serviço de Endoscopia Digestiva, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Belém, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Moreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - André Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Carolina Assumpção
- Serviço de Cirurgia Oncológica, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, 01327-001, Brazil
| | - Gregory Riggins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rommel Burbano
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém, 66060-281, Brazil
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13
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Yang W, Zhao X, Han Y, Duan L, Lu X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Liu J, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Hong L, Fan D. Identification of hub genes and therapeutic drugs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on integrated bioinformatics strategy. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:142. [PMID: 31139019 PMCID: PMC6530124 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of leading malignant cancers of gastrointestinal tract worldwide. Until now, the involved mechanisms during the development of ESCC are largely unknown. This study aims to explore the driven-genes and biological pathways in ESCC. Methods mRNA expression datasets of GSE29001, GSE20347, GSE100942, and GSE38129, containing 63 pairs of ESCC and non-tumor tissues data, were integrated and deeply analyzed. The bioinformatics approaches include identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and hub genes, gene ontology (GO) terms analysis and biological pathway enrichment analysis, construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and miRNA-gene network construction. Subsequently, GEPIA2 database and qPCR assay were utilized to validate the expression of hub genes. DGIdb database was performed to search the candidate drugs for ESCC. Results Finally, 120 upregulated and 26 downregulated DEGs were identified. The functional enrichment of DEGs in ESCC were mainly correlated with cell cycle, DNA replication, deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) mediated attractive signaling pathway, and Netrin-1 signaling pathway. The PPI network was constructed using STRING software with 146 nodes and 2392 edges. The most significant three modules in PPI were filtered and analyzed. Totally ten genes were selected and considered as the hub genes and nuclear division cycle 80 (NDC80) was closely related to the survival of ESCC patients. DGIdb database predicted 33 small molecules as the possible drugs for treating ESCC. Conclusions In summary, the data may provide new insights into ESCC pathogenesis and treatments. The candidate drugs may improve the efficiency of personalized therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Yang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinhui Zhao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Han
- 2Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lili Duan
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Lu
- 3The School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinqiang Liu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Hong
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Kaushal S, Freudenreich CH. The role of fork stalling and DNA structures in causing chromosome fragility. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:270-283. [PMID: 30536896 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative non-B form DNA structures, also called secondary structures, can form in certain DNA sequences under conditions that produce single-stranded DNA, such as during replication, transcription, and repair. Direct links between secondary structure formation, replication fork stalling, and genomic instability have been found for many repeated DNA sequences that cause disease when they expand. Common fragile sites (CFSs) are known to be AT-rich and break under replication stress, yet the molecular basis for their fragility is still being investigated. Over the past several years, new evidence has linked both the formation of secondary structures and transcription to fork stalling and fragility of CFSs. How these two events may synergize to cause fragility and the role of nuclease cleavage at secondary structures in rare and CFSs are discussed here. We also highlight evidence for a new hypothesis that secondary structures at CFSs not only initiate fragility but also inhibit healing, resulting in their characteristic appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Kaushal
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine H Freudenreich
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.,Program in Genetics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Abstract
The inactivation of critical cell cycle checkpoints by the human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E7 results in replication stress (RS) that leads to genomic instability in premalignant lesions. Intriguingly, RS tolerance is achieved through several mechanisms, enabling HPV to exploit the cellular RS response for viral replication and to facilitate viral persistence in the presence of DNA damage. As such, inhibitors of the RS response pathway may provide a novel approach to target HPV-associated lesions and cancers.
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16
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Zheng DQ, Petes TD. Genome Instability Induced by Low Levels of Replicative DNA Polymerases in Yeast. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9110539. [PMID: 30405078 PMCID: PMC6267110 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cells of solid tumors have very high levels of genome instability of several different types, including deletions, duplications, translocations, and aneuploidy. Much of this instability appears induced by DNA replication stress. As a model for understanding this type of instability, we have examined genome instability in yeast strains that have low levels of two of the replicative DNA polymerases: DNA polymerase α and DNA polymerase δ (Polα and Polδ). We show that low levels of either of these DNA polymerases results in greatly elevated levels of mitotic recombination, chromosome rearrangements, and deletions/duplications. The spectrum of events in the two types of strains, however, differs in a variety of ways. For example, a reduced level of Polδ elevates single-base alterations and small deletions considerably more than a reduced level of Polα. In this review, we will summarize the methods used to monitor genome instability in yeast, and how this analysis contributes to understanding the linkage between genome instability and DNA replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Qiong Zheng
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Thomas D Petes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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17
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Costanzo V, Bardelli A, Siena S, Abrignani S. Exploring the links between cancer and placenta development. Open Biol 2018; 8:180081. [PMID: 29950452 PMCID: PMC6030113 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of metastatic cancer is a multistage process, which often requires decades to complete. Impairments in DNA damage control and DNA repair in cancer cell precursors generate genetically heterogeneous cell populations. However, despite heterogeneity most solid cancers have stereotypical behaviours, including invasiveness and suppression of immune responses that can be unleashed with immunotherapy targeting lymphocyte checkpoints. The mechanisms leading to the acquisition of stereotypical properties remain poorly understood. Reactivation of embryonic development processes in cells with unstable genomes might contribute to tumour expansion and metastasis formation. However, it is unclear whether these events are linked to immune response modulation. Tumours and embryos have non-self-components and need to avoid immune responses in their microenvironment. In mammalian embryos, neo-antigens are of paternal origin, while in tumour cells DNA mismatch repair and replication defects generate them. Inactivation of the maternal immune response towards the embryo, which occurs at the placental-maternal interface, is key to ensuring embryonic development. This regulation is accomplished by the trophoblast, which mimics several malignant cell features, including the ability to invade normal tissues and to avoid host immune responses, often adopting the same cancer immunoediting strategies. A better understanding as to whether and how genotoxic stress promotes cancer development through reactivation of programmes occurring during early stages of mammalian placentation could help to clarify resistance to drugs targeting immune checkpoint and DNA damage responses and to develop new therapeutic strategies to eradicate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Costanzo
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, University of Turin, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Department of Oncology, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
- University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
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18
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Park JS, Jeon HJ, Pyo JH, Kim YS, Yoo MA. Deficiency in DNA damage response of enterocytes accelerates intestinal stem cell aging in Drosophila. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:322-338. [PMID: 29514136 PMCID: PMC5892683 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell dysfunction is closely linked to tissue and organismal aging and age-related diseases, and heavily influenced by the niche cells' environment. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a key pathway for tissue degeneration and organismal aging; however, the precise protective role of DDR in stem cell/niche aging is unclear. The Drosophila midgut is an excellent model to study the biology of stem cell/niche aging because of its easy genetic manipulation and its short lifespan. Here, we showed that deficiency of DDR in Drosophila enterocytes (ECs) accelerates intestinal stem cell (ISC) aging. We generated flies with knockdown of Mre11, Rad50, Nbs1, ATM, ATR, Chk1, and Chk2, which decrease the DDR system in ECs. EC-specific DDR depletion induced EC death, accelerated the aging of ISCs, as evidenced by ISC hyperproliferation, DNA damage accumulation, and increased centrosome amplification, and affected the adult fly's survival. Our data indicated a distinct effect of DDR depletion in stem or niche cells on tissue-resident stem cell proliferation. Our findings provide evidence of the essential role of DDR in protecting EC against ISC aging, thus providing a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of stem cell/niche aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Equal contribution
| | - Ho-Jun Jeon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Equal contribution
| | - Jung-Hoon Pyo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Yoo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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19
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Wayne J, Brooks T, Massey AJ. Inhibition of Chk1 with the small molecule inhibitor V158411 induces DNA damage and cell death in an unperturbed S-phase. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85033-85048. [PMID: 27829224 PMCID: PMC5356717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chk1 kinase is a critical component of the DNA damage response checkpoint and Chk1 inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation. Chk1 suppresses oncogene-induced replication stress with Chk1 inhibitors demonstrating activity as a monotherapy in numerous cancer types. Understanding the mechanism by which Chk1 inhibitors induce DNA damage and cancer cell death is essential for their future clinical development. Here we characterize the mechanism by which the novel Chk1 inhibitor (V158411) increased DNA damage and cell death in models of human cancer. V158411 induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in γH2AX-positive nuclei that was restricted to cells actively undergoing DNA synthesis. γH2AX induction was an early event and correlated with activation of the ATR/ATM/DNA-PKcs DNA damage response pathways. The appearance of γH2AX positive nuclei preceded ssDNA appearance and RPA exhaustion. Complete and sustained inhibition of Chk1 kinase was necessary to activate a robust γH2AX induction and growth inhibition. Chk1 inhibitor cytotoxicity correlated with induction of DNA damage with cells undergoing apoptosis, mitotic slippage and DNA damage-induced permanent cell cycle arrest. We identified two distinct classes of Chk1 inhibitors: those that induced a strong increase in γH2AX, pChk1 (S317) and pRPA32 (S4/S8) (including V158411, LY2603618 and ARRY-1A) and those that did not (including MK-8776 and GNE-900). Tumor cell death, induced through increased DNA damage, coupled with abrogation of cell cycle checkpoints makes selective inhibitors of Chk1 a potentially useful therapeutic treatment for multiple human cancers.
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20
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Dong L, Meng F, Wu L, Mitchell AV, Block CJ, Zhang B, Craig DB, Jang H, Chen W, Yang Q, Wu G. Cooperative oncogenic effect and cell signaling crosstalk of co‑occurring HER2 and mutant PIK3CA in mammary epithelial cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1320-1330. [PMID: 28902361 PMCID: PMC5592866 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Though incidence of PI3K oncogenic mutation is prominent in breast cancer (20-30%), pharmacological targeting of this signaling pathway alone has failed to provide meaningful clinical benefit. To better understand and address this problem, we conducted genome-wide analysis to study the association of mutant PI3K with other gene amplification events. One of the most significant copy number gain events associated with PIK3CA mutation was the region within chromosome 17 containing HER2To investigate the oncogenic effect and cell signaling regulation of co-occurring PIK3CA-H1047R and or HER2 gene, we generated cell models ectopically expressing mutant PIK3CA, HER2 or both genetic alterations. We observed that cells with both genetic alterations demonstrate increased aggressiveness and invasive capabilities than cells with either genetic change alone. Furthermore, we found that the combination of the HER2 inhibitor (CP-724714) and pan PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) is more potent than either inhibitor alone in terms of inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation. Significantly, four cell signaling pathways were found in common for cells with HER2, mutant PIK3CA and cells with both genetic alterations through an Affymetric microarray analysis. Moreover, the cells with both genetic alterations acquired more significant replication stress as shown by enriched signaling pathways of cell cycle checkpoint control and DNA damage response signaling. Our study suggests co-occurrence of oncogenic HER2 and mutant PIK3CA cooperatively drives breast cancer progression. The cells with both genetic alterations obtain additional features of replication stress which could open new opportunity for cancer diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Dong
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fanyan Meng
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ling Wu
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Allison V Mitchell
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - C James Block
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Douglas B Craig
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hyejeong Jang
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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21
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Spehalski E, Capper KM, Smith CJ, Morgan MJ, Dinkelmann M, Buis J, Sekiguchi JM, Ferguson DO. MRE11 Promotes Tumorigenesis by Facilitating Resistance to Oncogene-Induced Replication Stress. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5327-5338. [PMID: 28819025 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypomorphic mutations in the genes encoding the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) DNA repair complex lead to cancer-prone syndromes. MRN binds DNA double-strand breaks, where it functions in repair and triggers cell-cycle checkpoints via activation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase. To gain understanding of MRN in cancer, we engineered mice with B lymphocytes lacking MRN, or harboring MRN in which MRE11 lacks nuclease activities. Both forms of MRN deficiency led to hallmarks of cancer, including oncogenic translocations involving c-Myc and the immunoglobulin locus. These preneoplastic B lymphocytes did not progress to detectable B lineage lymphoma, even in the absence of p53. Moreover, Mre11 deficiencies prevented tumorigenesis in a mouse model strongly predisposed to spontaneous B-cell lymphomas. Our findings indicate that MRN cannot be considered a standard tumor suppressor and instead imply that nuclease activities of MRE11 are required for oncogenesis. Inhibition of MRE11 nuclease activity increased DNA damage and selectively induced apoptosis in cells overexpressing oncogenes, suggesting MRE11 serves an important role in countering oncogene-induced replication stress. Thus, MRE11 may offer a target for cancer therapeutic development. More broadly, our work supports the idea that subtle enhancements of endogenous genome instability can exceed the tolerance of cancer cells and be exploited for therapeutic ends. Cancer Res; 77(19); 5327-38. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Spehalski
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Molecular and Cellular Pathology Graduate Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kayla M Capper
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cheryl J Smith
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary J Morgan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Molecular and Cellular Pathology Graduate Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria Dinkelmann
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey Buis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - JoAnn M Sekiguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David O Ferguson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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22
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Cip29 is phosphorylated following activation of the DNA damage response in Xenopus egg extracts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181131. [PMID: 28715428 PMCID: PMC5513483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acting through a complex signalling network, DNA lesions trigger a range of cellular responses including DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, altered gene expression and cell death, which help to limit the mutagenic effects of such DNA damage. RNA processing factors are increasingly being recognised as important targets of DNA damage signalling, with roles in the regulation of gene expression and also more directly in the promotion of DNA repair. In this study, we have used a Xenopus laevis egg extract system to analyse the DNA damage-dependent phosphorylation of a putative RNA export factor, Cip29. We have found that Cip29 is rapidly phosphorylated in response to DNA double-strand breaks in this experimental system. We show that the DNA damage-inducible modification of Cip29 is dependent on the activity of the key double-strand break response kinase, ATM, and we have identified a conserved serine residue as a damage-dependent phosphorylation site. Finally, we have determined that Cip29 is not required for efficient DNA end-joining in egg extracts. Taken together, these data identify Cip29 as a novel target of the DNA damage response and suggest that the damage-dependent modification of Cip29 may relate to a role in the regulation of gene expression after DNA damage.
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23
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Massey AJ. Modification of tumour cell metabolism modulates sensitivity to Chk1 inhibitor-induced DNA damage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40778. [PMID: 28106079 PMCID: PMC5247758 DOI: 10.1038/srep40778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chk1 kinase inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation as potentiators of cytotoxic chemotherapy and demonstrate potent activity in combination with anti-metabolite drugs that increase replication stress through the inhibition of nucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis. Inhibiting other metabolic pathways critical for the supply of building blocks necessary to support DNA replication may lead to increased DNA damage and synergy with an inhibitor of Chk1. A screen of small molecule metabolism modulators identified combinatorial activity between a Chk1 inhibitor and chloroquine or the LDHA/LDHB inhibitor GSK 2837808A. Compounds, such as 2-deoxyglucose or 6-aminonicotinamide, that reduced the fraction of cells undergoing active replication rendered tumour cells more resistant to Chk1 inhibitor-induced DNA damage. Withdrawal of glucose or glutamine induced G1 and G2/M arrest without increasing DNA damage and reduced Chk1 expression and activation through autophosphorylation. This suggests the expression and activation of Chk1 kinase is associated with cells undergoing active DNA replication. Glutamine starvation rendered tumour cells more resistant to Chk1 inhibitor-induced DNA damage and reversal of the glutamine starvation restored the sensitivity of tumour cells to Chk1 inhibitor-induced DNA damage. Chk1 inhibitors may be a potentially useful therapeutic treatment for patients whose tumours contain a high fraction of replicating cells.
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24
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Effects of Replication and Transcription on DNA Structure-Related Genetic Instability. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8010017. [PMID: 28067787 PMCID: PMC5295012 DOI: 10.3390/genes8010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many repetitive sequences in the human genome can adopt conformations that differ from the canonical B-DNA double helix (i.e., non-B DNA), and can impact important biological processes such as DNA replication, transcription, recombination, telomere maintenance, viral integration, transposome activation, DNA damage and repair. Thus, non-B DNA-forming sequences have been implicated in genetic instability and disease development. In this article, we discuss the interactions of non-B DNA with the replication and/or transcription machinery, particularly in disease states (e.g., tumors) that can lead to an abnormal cellular environment, and how such interactions may alter DNA replication and transcription, leading to potential conflicts at non-B DNA regions, and eventually result in genetic stability and human disease.
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25
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Crefcoeur RP, Zgheib O, Halazonetis TD. A Model to Investigate Single-Strand DNA Responses in G1 Human Cells via a Telomere-Targeted, Nuclease-Deficient CRISPR-Cas9 System. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169126. [PMID: 28046023 PMCID: PMC5207518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication stress has the potential to compromise genomic stability and, therefore, cells have developed elaborate mechanisms to detect and resolve problems that may arise during DNA replication. The presence of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is often associated with DNA replication stress and serves as a signal for both checkpoint and repair responses. In this study, we exploited a CRISPR-Cas9 system to induce regions of ssDNA in the genome. Specifically, single-guide RNAs bearing sequence complementarity to human telomeric repeats, were used to target nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) to telomeres. Such targeting was associated with the formation of DNA-RNA hybrids, leaving one telomeric DNA strand single-stranded. This ssDNA then recruited DNA repair and checkpoint proteins, such as RPA, ATRIP, BLM and Rad51, at the telomeres. Interestingly, targeting of all these proteins to telomeric ssDNA was observed even in cells that were in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Therefore, this system has the potential to serve as a platform for further investigation of DNA replication stress responses at specific loci in the human genome and in all phases of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco P. Crefcoeur
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Omar Zgheib
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Massey AJ. Tumour growth environment modulates Chk1 signalling pathways and Chk1 inhibitor sensitivity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35874. [PMID: 27775084 PMCID: PMC5075878 DOI: 10.1038/srep35874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical development of Chk1 inhibitors is currently focussed on evaluating activity as monotherapy and as potentiators of chemotherapy. To aid translation of pre-clinical studies, we sought to understand the effects of the tumour growth environment on Chk1 signalling and sensitivity to small molecule Chk1 inhibition. Spheroid culture altered Chk1 signalling to a more xenograft like state but decreased sensitivity to Chk1 inhibition. Growth in low serum did not alter DDR signalling but increased the sensitivity of A2058 and U2OS tumour cells to Chk1 inhibition. An analysis of the expression levels of replication associated proteins identified a correlation between Cdc6 and pChk1 (S296) as well as total Chk1 in xenograft derived samples and between Cdc6 and total Chk1 in anchorage-dependent growth derived protein samples. No apparent correlation between Chk1 or Cdc6 expression and sensitivity to Chk1 inhibition in vitro was observed. A database analysis revealed upregulation of CDC6 mRNA expression in tumour compared to normal tissue and a correlation between CDC6 and CHEK1 mRNA expression in human cancers. We suggest that Cdc6 overexpression in human tumours requires a concomitant increase in Chk1 to counterbalance the deleterious effects of origin hyperactivation-induced DNA damage.
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27
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Inhibition of ATR-dependent feedback activation of Chk1 sensitises cancer cells to Chk1 inhibitor monotherapy. Cancer Lett 2016; 383:41-52. [PMID: 27693461 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Chk1 and ATR kinases are critical mediators of the DNA damage response pathway and help protect cancer cells from endogenous and oncogene induced replication stress. Inhibitors of both kinases are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Chk1 inhibition with V158411 increases DNA damage and activates the ATR, ATM and DNA-PKcs dependent DNA damage response pathways. Inhibiting ATR, ATM and/or DNA-PKcs has the potential to increase the therapeutic activity of Chk1 inhibitors. ATR inhibition but not ATM or DNA-PKcs inhibition potentiated the cytotoxicity of V158411 in p53 mutant and wild type human cancer cell lines. This increased cytotoxicity correlated with increased nuclear DNA damage and replication stress in a dose and time dependent manner. γH2AX induction following Chk1 inhibition protected cells from caspase-dependent apoptosis. Inhibition of ATR increased Chk1 inhibitor induced cell death independently of caspase activation. The effect of ATR, ATM and/or DNA-PK inhibition on Chk1 inhibitor induced replication stress was dependent on the concentration of Chk1 inhibitor. ATR inhibition potentiated Chk1 inhibitor induced replication stress and cytotoxicity via the abrogation of ATR-dependent feedback activation of Chk1 induced by Chk1 inhibitor generated replication stress. This study suggests that combining an ATR inhibitor to lower the threshold by which a Chk1 inhibitor induces replication stress, DNA damage and tumour cell death in a wide range of cancer types may be a useful clinical approach.
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28
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Jia Y, Chen L, Jia Q, Dou X, Xu N, Liao DJ. The well-accepted notion that gene amplification contributes to increased expression still remains, after all these years, a reasonable but unproven assumption. J Carcinog 2016; 15:3. [PMID: 27298590 PMCID: PMC4895059 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.182809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
“Gene amplification causes overexpression” is a longstanding and well-accepted concept in cancer genetics. However, raking the whole literature, we find only statistical analyses showing a positive correlation between gene copy number and expression level, but do not find convincing experimental corroboration for this notion, for most of the amplified oncogenes in cancers. Since an association does not need to be an actual causal relation, in our opinion, this widespread notion still remains a reasonable but unproven assumption awaiting experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Jia
- Animal Facilities, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong 250101, USA
| | - Lichan Chen
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Qingwen Jia
- Animal Facilities, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong 250101, USA
| | - Xixi Dou
- Animal Facilities, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong 250101, USA
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Dezhong Joshua Liao
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University Hospital, Guizhou, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
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29
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Desplancq D, Freund G, Conic S, Sibler AP, Didier P, Stoessel A, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Vigneron M, Wagner J, Mély Y, Chatton B, Tora L, Weiss E. Targeting the replisome with transduced monoclonal antibodies triggers lethal DNA replication stress in cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 342:145-58. [PMID: 26968636 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although chemical inhibition of the DNA damage response (DDR) in cancer cells triggers cell death, it is not clear if the fork blockade achieved with inhibitors that neutralise proteins of the replisome is sufficient on its own to overcome the DDR. Monoclonal antibodies to PCNA, which block the DNA elongation process in vitro, have been developed. When these antibodies were transduced into cancer cells, they are able to inhibit the incorporation of nucleoside analogues. When co-delivered with anti-PCNA siRNA, the cells were flattened and the size of their nuclei increased by up to 3-fold, prior to cell death. Analysis of these nuclei by super-resolution microscopy revealed the presence of large numbers of phosphorylated histone H2AX foci. A senescence-like phenotype of the transduced cells was also observed upon delivery of the corresponding Fab molecules or following PCNA gene disruption or when the Fab fragment of an antibody that neutralises DNA polymerase alpha was used. Primary melanoma cells and leukaemia cells that are resistant to chemical inhibitors were similarly affected by these antibody treatments. These results demonstrate that transduced antibodies can trigger a lethal DNA replication stress, which kills cancer cells by abolishing the biological activity of several constituents of the replisome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Desplancq
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Freund
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Sascha Conic
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U964, rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Annie-Paule Sibler
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Pascal Didier
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7213, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Audrey Stoessel
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Mustapha Oulad-Abdelghani
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U964, rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Marc Vigneron
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Jérôme Wagner
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Yves Mély
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7213, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Bruno Chatton
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Laszlo Tora
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U964, rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Etienne Weiss
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France.
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