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Dai Y, Guo Y, Tang W, Chen D, Xue L, Chen Y, Guo Y, Wei S, Wu M, Dai J, Wang S. Reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanomaterials for the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:252. [PMID: 38750509 PMCID: PMC11097501 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
With increasing proportion of the elderly in the population, age-related diseases (ARD) lead to a considerable healthcare burden to society. Prevention and treatment of ARD can decrease the negative impact of aging and the burden of disease. The aging rate is closely associated with the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-mediated oxidative stress in aging triggers aging-related changes through lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA oxidation. Antioxidants can control autoxidation by scavenging free radicals or inhibiting their formation, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Benefiting from significant advances in nanotechnology, a large number of nanomaterials with ROS-scavenging capabilities have been developed. ROS-scavenging nanomaterials can be divided into two categories: nanomaterials as carriers for delivering ROS-scavenging drugs, and nanomaterials themselves with ROS-scavenging activity. This study summarizes the current advances in ROS-scavenging nanomaterials for prevention and treatment of ARD, highlights the potential mechanisms of the nanomaterials used and discusses the challenges and prospects for their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Weicheng Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liru Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yican Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Simin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Cheng HT, Ngoc Ta YN, Hsia T, Chen Y. A quantitative review of nanotechnology-based therapeutics for kidney diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1953. [PMID: 38500369 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Kidney-specific nanocarriers offer a targeted approach to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce off-target effects in renal treatments. The nanocarriers can achieve organ or cell specificity via passive targeting and active targeting mechanisms. Passive targeting capitalizes on the unique physiological traits of the kidney, with factors like particle size, charge, shape, and material properties enhancing organ specificity. Active targeting, on the other hand, achieves renal specificity through ligand-receptor interactions, modifying nanocarriers with molecules, peptides, or antibodies for receptor-mediated delivery. Nanotechnology-enabled therapy targets diseased kidney tissue by modulating podocytes and immune cells to reduce inflammation and enhance tissue repair, or by inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation to mitigate renal fibrosis. This review summarizes the current reports of the drug delivery systems that have been tested in vivo, identifies the nanocarriers that may preferentially accumulate in the kidney, and quantitatively compares the efficacy of various cargo-carrier combinations to outline optimal strategies and future research directions. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Teng Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Zhu Bei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nhi Ngoc Ta
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tiffaney Hsia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yunching Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Wu Y, Li L, Ning Z, Li C, Yin Y, Chen K, Li L, Xu F, Gao J. Autophagy-modulating biomaterials: multifunctional weapons to promote tissue regeneration. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:124. [PMID: 38360732 PMCID: PMC10868121 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-renewal mechanism that maintains homeostasis and can promote tissue regeneration by regulating inflammation, reducing oxidative stress and promoting cell differentiation. The interaction between biomaterials and tissue cells significantly affects biomaterial-tissue integration and tissue regeneration. In recent years, it has been found that biomaterials can affect various processes related to tissue regeneration by regulating autophagy. The utilization of biomaterials in a controlled environment has become a prominent approach for enhancing the tissue regeneration capabilities. This involves the regulation of autophagy in diverse cell types implicated in tissue regeneration, encompassing the modulation of inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix formation. In addition, biomaterials possess the potential to serve as carriers for drug delivery, enabling the regulation of autophagy by either activating or inhibiting its processes. This review summarizes the relationship between autophagy and tissue regeneration and discusses the role of biomaterial-based autophagy in tissue regeneration. In addition, recent advanced technologies used to design autophagy-modulating biomaterials are summarized, and rational design of biomaterials for providing controlled autophagy regulation via modification of the chemistry and surface of biomaterials and incorporation of cells and molecules is discussed. A better understanding of biomaterial-based autophagy and tissue regeneration, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, may lead to new possibilities for promoting tissue regeneration. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Luxin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Zuojun Ning
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Changrong Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Yongkui Yin
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of plastic surgery, Naval Specialty Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, 200052, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of plastic surgery, Naval Specialty Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, 200052, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Villalva M, Martínez-García JJ, Jaime L, Santoyo S, Pelegrín P, Pérez-Jiménez J. Polyphenols as NLRP3 inflammasome modulators in cardiometabolic diseases: a review of in vivo studies. Food Funct 2023; 14:9534-9553. [PMID: 37855750 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs) are components of the innate immune system, important in coordinating the inflammatory response. Among them, NLRP3 can form inflammasomes, multiprotein complexes activating the inflammatory caspase-1 and leading, through a cell death-mediated signaling cascade, to the release of several proinflammatory cytokines. Dietary polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites, have been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, although studies have focused most on their effect on the expression of the final circulating cytokines rather than on the upstream signals activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. The present review explores current knowledge on the potential of dietary polyphenols to regulate the whole NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, in the context of cardiometabolic pathologies (obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), based on in vivo studies. A clear tendency towards a decrease in the expression of the whole NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway when several animal models were supplemented with polyphenols was observed, commonly showing a dose-response effect; these modifications were concomitant with clinical improvements in the pathologies. Nevertheless, the diversity of doses used, the disparity in polyphenol structures tested and, particularly, the scarce clinical trials and exploration of mechanisms of action show the need to develop further research on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Villalva
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Martínez-García
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Jaime
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Santoyo
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Kanika, Khan R. Functionalized nanomaterials targeting NLRP3 inflammasome driven immunomodulation: Friend or Foe. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15906-15928. [PMID: 37750698 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03857b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The advancement in drug delivery systems in recent times has significantly enhanced therapeutic effects by enabling site-specific targeting through nanocarriers. These nanocarriers serve as invaluable tools for pharmacotherapeutic advancements against various disorders that enhance the effectiveness of encapsulated drugs by reducing their toxicity and increasing the efficacy of less potent drugs, thereby improving the therapeutic index. Inflammasomes, protein complexes located in the activated immune cell cytoplasm, regulate the activation of caspases involved in inflammation. However, aberrant activation of inflammasomes can result in uncontrolled tissue responses, contributing to the development of various diseases. Therefore, achieving a precise balance between inflammasome inhibition and activation is crucial for effectively treating inflammatory disorders through targeted functionalized nanocarriers. Despite the wealth of available data on the relevance of functionalized nanocarriers in inflammatory disorders, the nanotechnological potential to modulate inflammasomes has not been adequately explored. In this comprehensive review, we highlight the latest research on the modulation of the inflammasome cascade, both upregulating and downregulating its function, using nanocarriers in the context of inflammatory disorders. The utilization of nanocarriers as a therapeutic strategy holds immense potential for researchers aiming to effectively target and modulate inflammasomes in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, thus improving disease severity outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, 5 Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, Pin - 140306, India.
| | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, 5 Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, Pin - 140306, India.
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Wang T, Xu H, Dong R, Wu S, Guo Y, Wang D. Effectiveness of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome by using natural polyphenols: A systematic review of implications on health effects. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112567. [PMID: 36869555 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Globally, inflammation and metabolic disorders pose serious public health problems and are major health concerns. It has been shown that natural polyphenols are effective in the treatment of metabolic diseases, including anti-inflammation, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, neuron-protection, and cardio-protection. NLRP3 inflammasome, which are multiprotein complexes located within the cytosol, play an important role in the innate immune system. However, aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome were discovered as essential molecular mechanisms in triggering inflammatory processes as well as implicating it in several major metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, atherosclerosis or cardiovascular disease. Recent studies indicate that natural polyphenols can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In this review, the progress of natural polyphenols preventing inflammation and metabolic disorders via targeting NLRP3 inflammasome is systemically summarized. From the viewpoint of interfering NLRP3 inflammasome activation, the health effects of natural polyphenols are explained. Recent advances in other beneficial effects, clinical trials, and nano-delivery systems for targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are also reviewed. NLRP3 inflammasome is targeted by natural polyphenols to exert multiple health effects, which broadens the understanding of polyphenol mechanisms and provides valuable guidance to new researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ruixia Dong
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, 211169 Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hanzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China.
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Rajput A, Sharma P, Singh D, Singh S, Kaur P, Attri S, Mohana P, Kaur H, Rashid F, Bhatia A, Jankowski J, Arora V, Tuli HS, Arora S. Role of polyphenolic compounds and their nanoformulations: a comprehensive review on cross-talk between chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:901-924. [PMID: 36826494 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a huge portion of the world's population and frequently leads to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It might be because of common risk factors between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases. Renal dysfunction caused by chronic kidney disease creates oxidative stress which in turn leads to cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress causes endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in heart which results in atherosclerosis. It ends in clogging of veins and arteries that causes cardiac stroke and myocardial infarction. To develop an innovative therapeutic approach and new drugs to treat these diseases, it is important to understand the pathophysiological mechanism behind the CKD and CVDs and their interrelationship. Natural phytoconstituents of plants such as polyphenolic compounds are well known for their medicinal value. Polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites with immense antioxidant properties, which can protect from free radical damage. Nowadays, polyphenols are generating a lot of buzz in the scientific community because of their potential health benefits especially in the case of heart and kidney diseases. This review provides a detailed account of the pathophysiological link between CKD and CVDs and the pharmacological potential of polyphenols and their nanoformulations in promoting cardiovascular and renal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Rajput
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Palvi Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Davinder Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sharabjit Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Shivani Attri
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Pallvi Mohana
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Harneetpal Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Farhana Rashid
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Astha Bhatia
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanita Arora
- Sri Sukhmani Dental College & Hospital, Derabassi, Punjab, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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Zheng CM, Lu KC, Chen YJ, Li CY, Lee YH, Chiu HW. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 promotes chronic kidney disease progression via the induction of inflammasomes and the suppression of autophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113565. [PMID: 36007272 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation are crucial processes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a major enzyme group of proteinases that are involved in ECM degradation. MMP controls multiple biological processes, such as cell proliferation, EMT and apoptosis. The present study identified the roles of MMP7 in CKD progression. We demonstrated the transcriptional profiles of MMPs in kidney tissues of CKD patients in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data repository. MMP7 mRNA level was markedly upregulated in kidney tissues of CKD patients. MMP7 overexpression activated the NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasomes and increased fibrosis-related proteins in kidney cells. MMP7 inhibited oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and rapamycin-induced autophagy. We found that MMP7 expression in the kidney was increased in various CKD animal models. Knockdown of MMP7 affected renal function and renal fibrosis in a folic acid-induced CKD model. The inhibition of MMP7 decreased fibrosis and NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasomes and induced autophagy in kidney tissues. Taken together, these results provide insight into targeting MMP7 as a therapeutic strategy for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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9
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Xu H, Li S, Liu YS. Nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular aging and related diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:231. [PMID: 35817770 PMCID: PMC9272665 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-induced alternations of vasculature structures, phenotypes, and functions are key in the occurrence and development of vascular aging-related diseases. Multiple molecular and cellular events, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, cellular senescence, and epigenetic alterations are highly associated with vascular aging physiopathology. Advances in nanoparticles and nanotechnology, which can realize sensitive diagnostic modalities, efficient medical treatment, and better prognosis as well as less adverse effects on non-target tissues, provide an amazing window in the field of vascular aging and related diseases. Throughout this review, we presented current knowledge on classification of nanoparticles and the relationship between vascular aging and related diseases. Importantly, we comprehensively summarized the potential of nanoparticles-based diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in vascular aging and related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, as well as chronic kidney diseases, and discussed the advantages and limitations of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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10
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Guerreiro Í, Ferreira-Pêgo C, Carregosa D, Santos CN, Menezes R, Fernandes AS, Costa JG. Polyphenols and Their Metabolites in Renal Diseases: An Overview. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071060. [PMID: 35407148 PMCID: PMC8997953 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases constitute a worldwide public health problem, contributing to morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to provide an overview of the published data regarding the potential beneficial effects of polyphenols on major kidney diseases, namely acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, renal cancer, and drug-induced nephrotoxicity. This study consists of a bibliographical review including in vitro and in vivo studies dealing with the effects of individual compounds. An analysis of the polyphenol metabolome in human urine was also conducted to estimate those compounds that are most likely to be responsible for the kidney protective effects of polyphenols. The biological effects of polyphenols can be highly attributed to the modulation of specific signaling cascades including those involved in oxidative stress responses, anti-inflammation processes, and apoptosis. There is increasing evidence that polyphenols afford great potential in renal disease protection. However, this evidence (especially when in vitro studies are involved) should be considered with caution before its clinical translation, particularly due to the unfavorable pharmacokinetics and extensive metabolization that polyphenols undergo in the human body. Future research should consider polyphenols and their metabolites that indeed reach kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íris Guerreiro
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (Í.G.); (C.F.-P.); (R.M.); (A.S.F.)
| | - Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (Í.G.); (C.F.-P.); (R.M.); (A.S.F.)
| | - Diogo Carregosa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Cláudia N. Santos
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Regina Menezes
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (Í.G.); (C.F.-P.); (R.M.); (A.S.F.)
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.N.S.)
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Fernandes
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (Í.G.); (C.F.-P.); (R.M.); (A.S.F.)
| | - João G. Costa
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (Í.G.); (C.F.-P.); (R.M.); (A.S.F.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Afsar B, Afsar RE, Ertuglu LA, Covic A, Kanbay M. Nutrition, Immunology, and Kidney: Looking Beyond the Horizons. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:69-81. [PMID: 35080754 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is epidemic throughout the word. Despite various novel therapeutic opportunities, CKD is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. In CKD, patient's chronic inflammation is frequent and related with adverse outcomes. Both innate and adaptive immunity are dysfunctional in CKD. Therefore, it is plausible to interfere with dysfunctional immunity in these patients. In the current review, we present the updated experimental and clinical data summarizing the effects of nutritional interventions including natural products and dietary supplements on immune dysfunction in the context of CKD. RECENT FINDINGS Nutritional interventions including natural products and dietary supplements (e.g., curcumin, sulforaphane, resistant starch, anthocyanin, chrysin, short chain fatty acids, fish oil resistant starch) slow down the inflammation by at least 6 mechanisms: (i) decrease nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB); (ii) decrease NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3); (iii) decrease interleukin-1 (IL-1), decrease interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion; (iv) decrease polymorphonuclear priming); (v) promote anti-inflammatory pathways (nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NFR2); (vi) increase T regulatory (Tregs) cells). Natural products and dietary supplements may provide benefit in terms of kidney health. By modulation of nutritional intake, progression of CKD may be delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Lale A Ertuglu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Renal Nano-drug delivery for acute kidney Injury: Current status and future perspectives. J Control Release 2022; 343:237-254. [PMID: 35085695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly in the case of post-cardiac infarction or kidney transplantation; however, the site-specific accumulation of small molecule reno-protective agents for AKI has often proved ineffective due to dynamic fluid and solute excretion and non-selectivity, which impedes therapeutic efficacy. This article reviews the current status and future trajectories of renal nanomedicine research for AKI management from pharmacological and clinical perspectives, with a particular focus on appraising nanosized drug carrier (NDC) use for the delivery of reno-protective agents of different pharmacological classes and the effectiveness of NDCs in improving renal tissue targeting selectivity and efficacy of said agents. This review reveals the critical shift in the role of the small molecule reno-protective agents in AKI pharmacotherapy - from prophylaxis to treatment - when using NDCs for delivery to the kidney. We also highlight the need to identify the accumulation sites of NDCs carrying reno-protective agents in renal tissues during in vivo assessments and detail the less-explored pharmacological classes of reno-protective agents whose efficacies may be improved via NDC-based delivery. We conclude the paper by outlining the challenges and future perspectives of NDC-based reno-protective agent delivery for better clinical management of AKI.
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13
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Modulatory Properties of Food and Nutraceutical Components Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030490. [PMID: 35276849 PMCID: PMC8840562 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are key intracellular multimeric proteins able to initiate the cellular inflammatory signaling pathway. NLRP3 inflammasome represents one of the main protein complexes involved in the development of inflammatory events, and its activity has been largely demonstrated to be connected with inflammatory or autoinflammatory disorders, including diabetes, gouty arthritis, liver fibrosis, Alzheimer’s disease, respiratory syndromes, atherosclerosis, and cancer initiation. In recent years, it has been demonstrated how dietary intake and nutritional status represent important environmental elements that can modulate metabolic inflammation, since food matrices are an important source of several bioactive compounds. In this review, an updated status of knowledge regarding food bioactive compounds as NLRP3 inflammasome modulators is discussed. Several chemical classes, namely polyphenols, organosulfurs, terpenes, fatty acids, proteins, amino acids, saponins, sterols, polysaccharides, carotenoids, vitamins, and probiotics, have been shown to possess NLRP3 inflammasome-modulating activity through in vitro and in vivo assays, mainly demonstrating an anti-NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Plant foods are particularly rich in important bioactive compounds, each of them can have different effects on the pathway of inflammatory response, confirming the importance of the nutritional pattern (food model) as a whole rather than any single nutrient or functional compound.
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14
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Vartak T, Godson C, Brennan E. Therapeutic potential of pro-resolving mediators in diabetic kidney disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113965. [PMID: 34508793 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal microvascular disease associated with diabetes [Diabetic kidney disease - DKD] is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. In DKD, glomerular basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, endothelial dysfunction, podocyte cell loss and renal tubule injury contribute to progressive glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Chronic inflammation is recognized as a major pathogenic mechanism for DKD, with resident and circulating immune cells interacting with local kidney cell populations to provoke an inflammatory response. The onset of inflammation is driven by the release of well described proinflammatory mediators, and this is typically followed by a resolution phase. Inflammation resolution is achieved through the bioactions of endogenous specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs). As our understanding of SPMs advances 'resolution pharmacology' based approaches using these molecules are being explored in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanwi Vartak
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin Brennan
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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15
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Enhancing Bioavailability of Nutraceutically Used Resveratrol and Other Stilbenoids. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093095. [PMID: 34578972 PMCID: PMC8470508 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stilbenoids are interesting natural compounds with pleiotropic in vitro and in vivo activity. Their well-documented biological properties include anti-inflammatory effects, anticancer effects, effects on longevity, and many others. Therefore, they are nowadays commonly found in foods and dietary supplements, and used as a part of treatment strategy in various types of diseases. Bioactivity of stilbenoids strongly depends on different types of factors such as dosage, food composition, and synergistic effects with other plant secondary metabolites such as polyphenols or vitamins. In this review, we summarize the existing in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data from published studies addressing the optimization of bioavailability of stilbenoids. Stilbenoids face low bioavailability due to their chemical structure. This can be improved by the use of novel drug delivery systems or enhancers, which are discussed in this review. Current in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that both approaches are very promising and increase the absorption of the original substance by several times. However, data from more clinical trials are required.
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16
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Adhikari A, Mondal S, Chatterjee T, Das M, Biswas P, Ghosh R, Darbar S, Alessa H, Althakafy JT, Sayqal A, Ahmed SA, Das AK, Bhattacharyya M, Pal SK. Redox nanomedicine ameliorates chronic kidney disease (CKD) by mitochondrial reconditioning in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1013. [PMID: 34446827 PMCID: PMC8390471 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) while maintaining cellular redox signaling is crucial in the development of redox medicine as the origin of several prevailing diseases including chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to ROS imbalance and associated mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we have shown that a potential nanomedicine comprising of Mn3O4 nanoparticles duly functionalized with biocompatible ligand citrate (C-Mn3O4 NPs) can maintain cellular redox balance in an animal model of oxidative injury. We developed a cisplatin-induced CKD model in C57BL/6j mice with severe mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative distress leading to the pathogenesis. Four weeks of treatment with C-Mn3O4 NPs restored renal function, preserved normal kidney architecture, ameliorated overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and arrested glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. A detailed study involving human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells and isolated mitochondria from experimental animals revealed that the molecular mechanism behind the pharmacological action of the nanomedicine involves protection of structural and functional integrity of mitochondria from oxidative damage, subsequent reduction in intracellular ROS, and maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. To the best of our knowledge, such studies that efficiently treated a multifaceted disease like CKD using a biocompatible redox nanomedicine are sparse in the literature. Successful clinical translation of this nanomedicine may open a new avenue in redox-mediated therapeutics of several other diseases (e.g., diabetic nephropathy, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease) where oxidative distress plays a central role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Adhikari
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Susmita Mondal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Monojit Das
- Department of Zoology, Uluberia College, University of Calcutta, Uluberia, Howrah, India
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Rangamati, Midnapore, India
| | - Pritam Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, Kolkata, India
| | - Ria Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumendra Darbar
- Research & Development Division, Dey's Medical Stores (Mfg.) Ltd, Kolkata, India
| | - Hussain Alessa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jalal T Althakafy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Sayqal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- Department of Pathology, Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India.
- Department of Zoology, Uluberia College, University of Calcutta, Uluberia, Howrah, India.
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17
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Prospective Pharmacological Potential of Resveratrol in Delaying Kidney Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158258. [PMID: 34361023 PMCID: PMC8348580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an unavoidable part of life. The more aged we become, the more susceptible we become to various complications and damages to the vital organs, including the kidneys. The existing drugs for kidney diseases are mostly of synthetic origins; thus, natural compounds with minimal side-effects have attracted growing interest from the scientific community and pharmaceutical companies. A literature search was carried out to collect published research information on the effects of resveratrol on kidney aging. Recently, resveratrol has emerged as a potential anti-aging agent. This versatile polyphenol exerts its anti-aging effects by intervening in various pathologies and multi-signaling systems, including sirtuin type 1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-κB. Researchers are trying to figure out the detailed mechanisms and possible resveratrol-mediated interventions in divergent pathways at the molecular level. This review highlights (i) the causative factors implicated in kidney aging and the therapeutic aspects of resveratrol, and (ii) the effectiveness of resveratrol in delaying the aging process of the kidney while minimizing all possible side effects.
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18
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Hsu YH, Zheng CM, Chou CL, Chen YJ, Lee YH, Lin YF, Chiu HW. Therapeutic Effect of Endothelin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor on Chronic Kidney Disease through the Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040398. [PMID: 33917140 PMCID: PMC8067871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress significantly contribute to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The NOD-like receptor family pyrin containing domain-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a key role in the inflammatory response. The renal endothelin (ET) system is activated in all cases of CKD. Furthermore, ET-1 promotes renal cellular injury, inflammation, fibrosis and proteinuria. Endothelin-converting enzymes (ECEs) facilitate the final processing step of ET synthesis. However, the roles of ECEs in CKD are not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of ETs and ECEs on kidney cells. We found that ET-1 and ET-2 expression was significantly upregulated in the renal tissues of CKD patients. ET-1 and ET-2 showed no cytotoxicity on human kidney tubular epithelial cells. However, ET-1 and ET-2 caused endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in tubular epithelial cells. The ECE inhibitor phosphoramidon induced autophagy. Furthermore, phosphoramidon inhibited ER stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome in tubular epithelial cells. In an adenine diet-induced CKD mouse model, phosphoramidon attenuated the progression of CKD by regulating autophagy, the NLRP3 inflammasome and ER stress. In summary, these findings showed a new strategy to delay CKD progression by inhibiting ECEs through autophagy activation and restraining ER stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ho Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-M.Z.); (C.-L.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin Kuo Min Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taoyuan City 320001, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-M.Z.); (C.-L.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Lin Chou
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-M.Z.); (C.-L.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin Kuo Min Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taoyuan City 320001, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.L.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-2-22490088 (Y.-F.L. & H.-W.C.)
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.L.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-2-22490088 (Y.-F.L. & H.-W.C.)
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19
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Jheng JR, Chen YS, Horng JT. Regulation of the proteostasis network during enterovirus infection: A feedforward mechanism for EV-A71 and EV-D68. Antiviral Res 2021; 188:105019. [PMID: 33484748 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The proteostasis network guarantees successful protein synthesis, folding, transportation, and degradation. Mounting evidence has revealed that this network maintains proteome integrity and is linked to cellular physiology, pathology, and virus infection. Human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and EV-D68 are suspected causative agents of acute flaccid myelitis, a severe poliomyelitis-like neurologic syndrome with no known cure. In this context, further clarification of the molecular mechanisms underlying EV-A71 and EV-D68 infection is paramount. Here, we summarize the components of the proteostasis network that are intercepted by EV-A71 and EV-D68, as well as antivirals that target this network and may help develop improved antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rong Jheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Siao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Tong Horng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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20
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Limanaqi F, Busceti CL, Biagioni F, Lazzeri G, Forte M, Schiavon S, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Fornai F. Cell Clearing Systems as Targets of Polyphenols in Viral Infections: Potential Implications for COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1105. [PMID: 33182802 PMCID: PMC7697279 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has generated the ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, still with an uncertain outcome. Besides pneumonia and acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), other features became evident in the context of COVID-19. These includes endothelial and coagulation dysfunction with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), along with the occurrence of neurological alterations. The multi-system nature of such viral infection is a witness to the exploitation and impairment of ubiquitous subcellular and metabolic pathways for the sake of its life-cycle, ranging from host cell invasion, replication, transmission, up to a cytopathic effect and overt systemic inflammation. In this frame, alterations in cell-clearing systems of the host are emerging as a hallmark in the pathogenesis of various respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Indeed, exploitation of the autophagy and proteasome pathways might contribute not only to the replication of the virus at the site of infection but also to the spreading of either mature virions or inflammatory mediators at both cellular and multisystem levels. In this frame, besides a pharmacological therapy, many researchers are wondering if some non-pharmacological substances might counteract or positively modulate the course of the infection. The pharmacological properties of natural compounds have gained increasing attention in the field of alternative and adjunct therapeutic approaches to several diseases. In particular, several naturally-occurring herbal compounds (mostly polyphenols) are reported to produce widespread antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects while acting as autophagy and (immuno)-proteasome modulators. This article attempts to bridge the perturbation of autophagy and proteasome pathways with the potentially beneficial effects of specific phytochemicals and flavonoids in viral infections, with a focus on the multisystem SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Carla Letizia Busceti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy (F.B.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy (F.B.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Maurizio Forte
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy (F.B.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Sonia Schiavon
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 40100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy (F.B.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 40100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Frati
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy (F.B.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 40100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.); (G.L.)
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy (F.B.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
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21
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Zheng CM, Lee YH, Chiu IJ, Chiu YJ, Sung LC, Hsu YH, Chiu HW. Nicotine Causes Nephrotoxicity through the Induction of NLRP6 Inflammasome and Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040092. [PMID: 33114531 PMCID: PMC7711477 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current cigarette smoking is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or death from end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Mainstream cigarette smoke includes over 4000 compounds. Among the compounds present in tobacco smoke, nicotine is one of a large number of biologically stable and active compounds present in tobacco. However, the mechanisms by which nicotine exacerbates kidney disease progression have not been identified. It is known that the inflammasomes constitute an important innate immune pathway and contribute to the pathophysiology of diverse kidney diseases. The relationship between inflammasomes and nicotine-induced kidney damage still remains unclear. In the present study, we studied the mechanisms of nicotine-induced nephrotoxicity. We found that nicotine decreased cell viability and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human kidney cells. Furthermore, nicotine significantly increased the expression of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Nicotine activated the NLRP6 inflammasome and induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Nicotine caused mild apoptosis and necrosis but triggered significant autophagy in human kidney cells. In addition, nicotine induced the NLRP6 inflammasome and autophagy via α7nAChR. In an animal model, the histological analysis in kidney showed evident changes and injury. The results indicated that α7nAChR, IRE1α, LC3 and NLRP6 expression in kidney sections was markedly increased in the nicotine groups. These findings suggest that nicotine causes kidney damage by modulating α7nAChR, NLRP6 inflammasome, ER stress and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (I.-J.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40604, Taiwan;
| | - I-Jen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (I.-J.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jhe Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (I.-J.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ho Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (I.-J.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8156) (Y.-H.H.); +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8884) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (I.-J.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8156) (Y.-H.H.); +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8884) (H.-W.C.)
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Alvarenga L, Cardozo LF, Borges NA, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG, Fouque D, Mafra D. Can nutritional interventions modulate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic kidney disease? Food Res Int 2020; 136:109306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Giménez VMM, Fuentes LB, Kassuha DE, Manucha W. Current Drug Nano-targeting Strategies for Improvement in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Prevalent Pathologies such as Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1496-1504. [PMID: 31267869 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190702162533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidney and cardiovascular system are closely related to each other during the modulation of the cardiovascular homeostasis. However, the search for new alternatives for the treatment and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases does not take into account this relationship, so their evaluation results and the advantages offered by their global and integrative analysis are wasted. For example, a variety of receptors that are overexpressed in both pathologies is large enough to allow expansion in the search for new molecular targets and ligands. Nanotechnology offers pharmacological targeting strategies to kidney, heart, and blood vessels for overcoming one of the essential restrictions of traditional cardiovascular therapies the ones related to their unspecific pharmacodynamics distribution in these critical organs. RECENT FINDINGS Drug or contrast agent nano-targeting for treatment or diagnosis of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, renal cancer or fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, among other renal, cardiac and blood vessels pathologies would allow an increase in their efficacy and a reduction of their side effects. Such effects are possible because, through pharmacological targeting, the drug is mainly found at the desired site. Review Purpose: In this mini-review, active, passive, and physical targeting strategies of several nanocarriers that have been assessed and proposed for the treatment and diagnosis of different cardiovascular diseases, are being addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virna Margarita Martín Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Quimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Tecnologicas, Universidad Catolica de Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Lucía Beatriz Fuentes
- Facultad de Quimica, Bioquimica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Diego Enrique Kassuha
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Quimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Tecnologicas, Universidad Catolica de Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Walter Manucha
- Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigacion Científica y Tecnologica (IMBECU-CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental Básica y Traslacional. Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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Resveratrol Inhibits Ischemia-Induced Myocardial Senescence Signals and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2647807. [PMID: 32908628 PMCID: PMC7468658 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2647807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to investigate whether resveratrol (RSV) could ameliorate ischemia- and hypoxia-associated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and injury via inhibiting senescence signaling and inflammasome activation. Materials and Methods Mice were treated with RSV by gastric tube (320 mg/kg/day) or vehicle one week before left coronary artery ligation or sham surgery until the end of the experiments. After pressure–volume loop analysis, mouse hearts were harvested for histopathological (including PSR, TTC, TUNEL staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence) and molecular analysis by western blotting and RT-PCR. In addition, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and macrophages were isolated for in vitro experiments. Key Findings. RSV treatment decreased mortality and improved cardiac hemodynamics. RSV inhibited the expression of senescence markers (p53, p16, and p19), inflammasome markers (NLRP3 and Cas1 p20), and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, hence alleviating infarction area, fibrosis, and cell apoptosis. RSV also inhibited expression of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-18 in vivo. In in vitro experiment, RSV prevented hypoxia-induced NRCM senescence and apoptosis. After inhibition of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) by EX27, RSV failed to inhibit p53 acetylation and expression. Moreover, RSV could inhibit expression of NLRP3 and caspase 1 p20 in NRCMs, CFs, and macrophages, respectively, in in vitro experiments. Significance. Our findings revealed that RSV protected against ischemia-induced mouse heart injury in vivo and hypoxia-induced NRCM injury in vitro via regulating Sirt1/p53-mediated cell senescence and inhibiting NLRP3-mediated inflammasome activation.
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25
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Olcum M, Tastan B, Ercan I, Eltutan IB, Genc S. Inhibitory effects of phytochemicals on NLRP3 inflammasome activation: A review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 75:153238. [PMID: 32507349 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NLRP3 inflammasome formation and following cytokine secretion is a crucial step in innate immune responses. Internal and external factors may trigger inflammasome activation and result in inflammatory cytokine secretion. Inflammasome formation and activity play critical roles in several disease pathologies such as cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, digestive, and CNS diseases. Underlying pathways are not yet clear, but phytochemicals as alternative therapies have been extensively used for suppression of inflammatory responses. PURPOSE In this review, we aimed to summarize in vivo and in vitro effects on NLRP3 inflammasome activation of selected phytochemicals. METHOD Three phytochemicals; Sulforaphane, Curcumin, and Resveratrol were selected, and studies were reviewed to clarify their intracellular signaling mechanism in NLRP3 inflammasome activity. PubMed and Scopus databases are used for the search. For sulforaphane, 8 articles, for curcumin, 25 articles, and for resveratrol, 41 articles were included in the review. CONCLUSION In vitro and in vivo studies pointed out that the selected phytochemicals have inhibitory properties on NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, neither the mechanism is clear, nor the study designs and doses are standardized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Olcum
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bora Tastan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilkcan Ercan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Irem B Eltutan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sermin Genc
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
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A Re-Appraisal of Pathogenic Mechanisms Bridging Wet and Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Leads to Reconsider a Role for Phytochemicals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155563. [PMID: 32756487 PMCID: PMC7432893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Which pathogenic mechanisms underlie age-related macular degeneration (AMD)? Are they different for dry and wet variants, or do they stem from common metabolic alterations? Where shall we look for altered metabolism? Is it the inner choroid, or is it rather the choroid–retinal border? Again, since cell-clearing pathways are crucial to degrade altered proteins, which metabolic system is likely to be the most implicated, and in which cell type? Here we describe the unique clearing activity of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the relevant role of its autophagy machinery in removing altered debris, thus centering the RPE in the pathogenesis of AMD. The cell-clearing systems within the RPE may act as a kernel to regulate the redox homeostasis and the traffic of multiple proteins and organelles toward either the choroid border or the outer segments of photoreceptors. This is expected to cope with the polarity of various domains within RPE cells, with each one owning a specific metabolic activity. A defective clearance machinery may trigger unconventional solutions to avoid intracellular substrates’ accumulation through unconventional secretions. These components may be deposited between the RPE and Bruch’s membrane, thus generating the drusen, which remains the classic hallmark of AMD. These deposits may rather represent a witness of an abnormal RPE metabolism than a real pathogenic component. The empowerment of cell clearance, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activity of the RPE by specific phytochemicals is here discussed.
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Ma Y, Cai F, Li Y, Chen J, Han F, Lin W. A review of the application of nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:732-743. [PMID: 32596555 PMCID: PMC7303522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a great burden to global public health as current therapies are generally ineffective. Early detection and effective therapy are crucial for the future prevention and progression of CKD. Nanoparticles (NPs) vary by particle size, charge, shape and the density of targeting ligands and are associated with enhancement of the pharmacokinetic properties, targetability, or the bioavailability of drugs. Thus, the emergence of NPs in medicine has provided novel solutions to the potential diagnosis and treatment of CKD. This review describes the current experimental research, clinical applications of NPs, the current challenges, and upcoming opportunities in the diagnosis and treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Ma
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Fanghao Cai
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Fei Han
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
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Brotons-Canto A, Gonzalez-Navarro CJ, Gurrea J, González-Ferrero C, Irache JM. Zein nanoparticles improve the oral bioavailability of resveratrol in humans. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lactoferrin Contributes a Renoprotective Effect in Acute Kidney Injury and Early Renal Fibrosis. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050434. [PMID: 32397266 PMCID: PMC7284869 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) who survive the acute stage are at notable risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. There is no single therapy that can effectively prevent the AKI to CKD transition. Autophagy is a cytoplasmic component degradation pathway and has complex functions in several diseases, such as renal fibrosis. Previous research has shown that lactoferrin has important functions in antioxidant defense and other defense systems, protecting kidneys against various injuries. The present study investigated the effect of lactoferrin in protecting against the AKI to CKD transition. We identified 62 consensus genes with two-fold changes in clinical kidney tissues from AKI and CKD patients. Among the 62 overlay genes, the mRNA levels of LTF were significantly upregulated in the kidney tissues of AKI and CKD patients. Lactoferrin induced autophagy via the activation of the AMPK and inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathway in human kidney proximal tubular cells. Lactoferrin suppressed oxidative stress-induced cell death and apoptosis by augmenting autophagy. Lactoferrin has an antifibrotic role in human kidney tubular cells. In a mouse model of folic acid-induced AKI to CKD transition, treatment with lactoferrin recovered renal function and further suppressed renal fibrosis through the inhibition of apoptosis and the induction of autophagy. These findings identify lactoferrin as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of the AKI to CKD transition.
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Resveratrol Plays Protective Roles on Kidney of Uremic Rats via Activating HSP70 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2126748. [PMID: 32280682 PMCID: PMC7125444 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2126748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the protective effects of resveratrol on kidney of uremic rats and to explore whether the mechanism is associated with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression. Methods Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly separated into 5 groups, including sham group, uremic model group, and different doses of resveratrol group (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg). The serum creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were detected by Automatic Biochemical Analyzer (ABA). The pathological changes of renal tissues and the renal interstitial fibrosis were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson, respectively. The expression of HSP70 protein in renal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of HSP70 and NF-κB pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blot. To further validate the protective role of resveratrol through activating HSP70 in uremic rats, HSP70 activator (17-AAG) and HSP70 inhibitor group (MKT-077) were used. Results In the model group, the levels of Cr and BUN in serum were significantly increased, and the renal interstitial collagen deposition was also obviously increased (p < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of Cr and BUN in different doses of resveratrol groups were remarkably declined, and the renal interstitial collagen deposition was declined (p < 0.05). Resveratrol also significantly improved the renal tissue lesions when compared with the model group. In renal tissues, different doses of resveratrol treatment remarkably raised HSP70 and p-IκBα expression and also remarkably declined the level of p-P65 protein (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the effect of 17-AAG was similar to 20 mg/kg resveratrol on NF-κB pathway-related proteins expression. After the added MKT-077 in the resveratrol treatment group, the levels of HSP70 and p-IκBα in the renal tissue were remarkably declined; however, the levels of p-P65 protein was remarkably raised (p < 0.05). Conclusion Resveratrol played a protective role on the kidney of uremic rats through activating HSP70 expression.
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31
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Shahbazi F, Farvadi F, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Ataei S, Shojaei L. Potential nephroprotective effects of resveratrol in drug induced nephrotoxicity: a narrative review of safety and efficacy data. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Raval N, Kumawat A, Kalyane D, Kalia K, Tekade RK. Understanding molecular upsets in diabetic nephropathy to identify novel targets and treatment opportunities. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:862-878. [PMID: 31981791 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and related complications are becoming a global encumbrance. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The available therapeutic modalities related to DN do not treat DN at the molecular level, proposing further amendments in the management of DN based on the pathogenesis of DN. This manuscript discusses the concept and applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of DN that can improve renal targeting, retention and localization. This review also highlights the current issues related to targeting DN, challenges and allied opportunities toward the development of next-generation drugs and treatments for the management of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Raval
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opp. Air Force Station, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshant Kumawat
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opp. Air Force Station, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kalyane
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opp. Air Force Station, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opp. Air Force Station, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh K Tekade
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opp. Air Force Station, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India; Indian Institute of Technology-Jammu, Jagti, PO Nagrota, Jammu 181 221, J&K, India.
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Bao N, Chen F, Dai D. The Regulation of Host Intestinal Microbiota by Polyphenols in the Development and Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2981. [PMID: 31969882 PMCID: PMC6960133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are essential antioxidants in our regular diet, and have shown potential antibacterial effects. Other important biological effects, such as anticancer or antibacterial activities, have been demonstrated by some polyphenols. In recent years, the benefits of polyphenols to human health have attracted increasing attention from the scientific community. Recent studies have shown that polyphenols such as anthocyanin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and resveratrol can inhibit pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella to help regulate intestinal microflora. An imbalance of intestinal microflora and the destruction of intestinal barrier function have been found to have a potential relationship with the occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Specifically, they can aberrantly trigger the immune system to cause inflammation, increase the production of uremic toxins, and further worsen the condition of CKD. Therefore, the maintenance of intestinal microflora and the intestinal tract in a stable and healthy state may be able to "immunize" patients against CKD, and treat pre-existing disease. The use of common antibiotics may lead to drug resistance in pathogens, and thus beneficial polyphenols may be suitable natural substitutes for antibiotics. Herein we review the ability of different polyphenols, such as anthocyanin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and resveratrol, to regulate intestinal microorganisms, inhibit pathogenic bacteria, and improve inflammation. In addition, we review the ability of different polyphenols to reduce kidney injury, as described in recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naren Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangjie Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Cheng FY, Lee YH, Hsu YH, Chiu IJ, Chiu YJ, Lin YF, Chiu HW. Promising therapeutic effect of thapsigargin nanoparticles on chronic kidney disease through the activation of Nrf2 and FoxO1. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9875-9892. [PMID: 31714893 PMCID: PMC6874456 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pathophysiological states cause misfolded protein accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Then, ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are activated. Targeting ER stress may enhance the adaptive UPR and then protect the cell against pathogenic environments. In the present study, we utilized nanotechnology to synthesize thapsigargin nanoparticles (TG NPs) which induced ER stress and the UPR pathway, to study the role of ER stress and autophagy in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We found that the mRNA levels of ER stress- and autophagy-related molecules were elevated in the renal tissue of CKD patients compared to those of healthy individuals. Furthermore, TG NPs induced the UPR pathway and autophagy in HK-2 human kidney tubular epithelial cells. TG NPs protected HK-2 cells against oxidative stress-induced cell death through the activation of Nrf2 and FoxO1. The siRNA-mediated inhibition of Nrf2 or FoxO1 resulted in enhanced oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells. In a mouse model of adenine diet-induced CKD, TG NPs and KIM-1-TG NPs ameliorated renal injury through the stimulation of ER stress and its downstream pathways. Our findings suggest that the induction of ER stress using pharmacological agents may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing or interfering with CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Yu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ho Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Jen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jhe Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhu J, Du C. Could grape-based food supplements prevent the development of chronic kidney disease? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3054-3062. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1676195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jixiao Zhu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Caigan Du
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Resveratrol reduces store-operated Ca 2+ entry and enhances the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in adjuvant arthritis rats model via targeting ORAI1-STIM1 complex. Biol Res 2019; 52:45. [PMID: 31426853 PMCID: PMC6699118 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resveratrol was reported to trigger the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in adjuvant arthritis rats but the subcellular mechanism remains unclear. Since ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress were involved in the effects of resveratrol with imbalance of calcium bio-transmission, store operated calcium entry (SOCE), a novel intracellular calcium regulatory pathway, may also participate in this process. Results In the present study, Resveratrol was found to suppress ORAI1 expression of a dose dependent manner while have no evident effects on STIM1 expressive level. Besides, resveratrol had no effects on ATP or TG induced calcium depletion but present partly dose-dependent suppression of SOCE. On the one hand, microinjection of ORAI1 overexpressed vector in sick toe partly counteracted the therapeutic effects of resveratrol on adjuvant arthritis and serum inflammatory cytokine including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α. On the other hand, ORAI1 SiRNA injection provided slight relief to adjuvant arthritis in rats. In addition, ORAI1 overexpression partly diminished the alleviation of hemogram abnormality induced by adjuvant arthritis after resveratrol treatment while ORAI1 knockdown presented mild resveratrol-like effect on hemogram in rats model. Conclusion These results indicated that resveratrol reduced store-operated Ca2+ entry and enhanced the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in adjuvant arthritis rats model via targeting ORAI1–STIM1 complex, providing a theoretical basis for ORAI1 targeted therapy in future treatment with resveratrol on rheumatoid arthritis.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40659-019-0250-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Wan S, Zhang L, Quan Y, Wei K. Resveratrol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: enhanced stability, solubility and bioactivity of resveratrol for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease therapy. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181457. [PMID: 30564426 PMCID: PMC6281916 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3, 4', 5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, RSV), a nutraceutical, has recently attracted lots of attention because of its outstanding pharmacological potential. The effects of RSV on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain inconclusive, although a wealth of research has been done. The major obstacle presented was RSV's poor bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility, chemical instability and intestinal metabolism. In this study, nanotechnology was used to encapsulate RSV to enhance its stability, water solubility and bioactivity, which can be used to treat NAFLD by HepG2 hepatocytes-induced in vitro. RSV-loaded poly (d, l-lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (RSV-PLGA-NPs) were prepared according to an oil/water (O/W) emulsion technique. The RSV-PLGA-NPs were of spherical morphology with an average size of 176.1 nm and a negative charge of -22.6 mV. These nanoparticles exhibited remarkable encapsulation efficiency (EE%) (97.25%) and drug loading (14.9%) for RSV. A sustained RSV release from RSV-PLGA-NPs could be achieved especially in acidic conditions when simulating transporting through the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, these nanoparticles were stable enough to store at 4°C for a least six months with unchanged EE%. Moreover, RSV-PLGA-NPs were more efficient in alleviating lipogenesis, promoting lipolysis and reducing hepatocellular proliferation than free RSV due to its improved stability, water solubility and bioactivity. These findings indicated that the RSV-PLGA-NPs provided superb and stable drug delivery with small particle size, high capsulation efficiency, well-controlled drug release, which greatly enhanced the stability, water solubility and bioactivity. Besides, the discovery that the inhibitory effect of RSV-PLGA-NPs on hepatocellular proliferation and lipid accumulation in steatotic HepG2 cells may provide a new way to study the mechanism of NAFLD. Therefore, RSV-PLGA-NPs have a promising potential for NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqian Wan
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zhang
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, CAS, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Quan
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, CAS, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wei
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, CAS, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, People's Republic of China
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